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| 3. |
- Kirwan, J.P., et al.
(författare)
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A Whole-Grain Diet Reduces Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1541-6100 .- 0022-3166. ; 146:11, s. 2244-2251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Increased dietary whole-grain intake may protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD).OBJECTIVE:The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of whole grains compared with refined grains on body composition, hypertension, and related mediators of CVD in overweight and obese adults.METHODS:We conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover trial in 40 overweight or obese men and women aged 3-fold greater in overweight and obese adults when they consumed a whole-grain compared with a refined-grain diet. Because diastolic blood pressure predicts mortality in adults aged
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| 4. |
- Kirwan, P.M, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting High-Tech Companies : Using the Business Platform as a Practical Instrument
- 2008
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development. - 1753-0660. ; 1:1, s. 48-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the support structures in the regions surrounding two European Universities, the University of Twente (UT) in the Netherlands and the University of Linkoping in Sweden, with an established track record in spinning out high-tech companies. This paper details programmes and activities undertaken by the Universities in an effort to create and foster entrepreneurship. This paper details support mechanisms which can be utilised by high-tech companies to aid them in reaching the highest level for each of the cornerstones in the business platform, thus providing a stronger footing from which the company can grow. In a comparison of the support structures surrounding the two Universities three support mechanisms have been identified, namely: training, coaching and networking. In conclusion, we offer recommendations for using these support mechanisms to other regions/universities and we further explain the differences and similarities between the two universities.
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| 5. |
- Malin, Steven K, et al.
(författare)
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A Whole-Grain Diet Increases Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion Independent of Gut Hormones in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 63:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The effect of whole-grain (WG) versus refined-grain (RG) diets on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and β-cell function is unclear. Methods: In a double-blind crossover randomized controlled trial, 13 prediabetic adults (37.2 ± 1.8 y, BMI: 33.6 ± 1.4 kg m −2 , 2 h glucose: 146.9 ± 11.6 mg dL −1 ) are provided isocaloric-matched WG and RG diets for 8-weeks each, with an 8–10 week washout between diets. Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide are studied over 240 min following a 75 g OGTT. Incretins (GLP-1 and GIP), PYY, and total ghrelin are assessed at 0, 30, and 60 min. Mixed-meal diets for carbohydrate (54%), fat (28%), and protein (18%) contain either WG (50 g/1000 kcal) or equivalent RG. Results: Both diets induce fat loss (≈2 kg). While neither diet impacts early phase GSIS, the WG diet increases total GSIS (iAUC of C-peptide 0-240 /Glc 0-240 , p = 0.02) and β-cell function (disposition index; GSIS × insulin sensitivity, p = 0.02). GIP and PYY are unaltered by either diet, but GLP-1 is higher at 30 min following RG versus WG (p = 0.04). Ghrelin levels are higher at 60 min of the OGTT following both interventions (p = 0.01). Conclusion: A WG-rich diet increases β-cell function independent of gut hormones in adults with prediabetes.
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- Ross, Alastair, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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A high-throughput method for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination of plasma alkylresorcinols, biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye intake.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2697 .- 1096-0309. ; 499, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma alkylresorcinols are increasingly analyzed in cohort studies to improve estimates of whole grain intake and their relationship with disease incidence. Current methods require large volumes of solvent (>10 ml/sample) and have relatively low daily sample throughput. We tested five different supported extraction methods for extracting alkylresorcinols from plasma and improved a normal-phase liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer method to reduce sample analysis time. The method was validated and compared with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Sample preparation with HybridSPE supported extraction was most effective for alkylresorcinol extraction, with recoveries of 77-82% from 100 μl of plasma. The use of 96-well plates allowed extraction of 160 samples per day. Using a 5-cm NH2 column and heptane reduced run times to 3 min. The new method had a limit of detection and limit of quantification equivalent to 1.1-1.8 nmol/L and 3.5-6.1 nmol/L plasma, respectively, for the different alkylresorcinol homologues. Accuracy was 93-105%, and intra- and inter-batch precision values were 4-18% across different plasma concentrations. This method makes it possible to quantify plasma alkylresorcinols in 100 μl of plasma at a rate of at least 160 samples per day without the need for large volumes of organic solvents.
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| 7. |
- Ross, Alastair, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing Whole Grain Intake as Part of Prevention and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Endocrinology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-8345 .- 1687-8337. ; 2013
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In conjunction with the rise in rates of obesity, there has been an increase in the rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). While NAFLD at least partially originates from poor diet, there is a lack of nutritional recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed diagnosis of NAFLD, beyond eating a healthy diet, increasing physical activity, and emphasising weight loss. The limited current literature suggests that there may be opportunities to provide more tailored dietary advice for people diagnosed with or at risk of NAFLD. Epidemiological studies consistently find associations between whole grain intake and a reduced risk of obesity and related diseases, yet no work has been done on the potential of whole grains to prevent and/or be a part of the treatment for fatty liver diseases. In this review, we examine the potential and the current evidence for whole grains having an impact on NAFLD. Due to their nutrient and phytochemical composition, switching from consuming mainly refined grains to whole grains should be considered as part of the nutritional guidelines for patients diagnosed with or at risk for fatty liver disease.
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| 8. |
- Hoes, J. N., et al.
(författare)
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EULAR evidence-based recommendations on the management of systemic glucocorticoid therapy in rheumatic diseases
- 2007
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 66:12, s. 1560-1567
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To develop evidence-based recommendations for the management of systemic glucocorticoid ( GC) therapy in rheumatic diseases. Methods: The multidisciplinary guideline development group from 11 European countries, Canada and the USA consisted of 15 rheumatologists, 1 internist, 1 rheumatologist-epidemiologist, 1 health professional, 1 patient and 1 research fellow. The Delphi method was used to agree on 10 key propositions related to the safe use of GCs. A systematic literature search of PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library was then used to identify the best available research evidence to support each of the 10 propositions. The strength of recommendation was given according to research evidence, clinical expertise and perceived patient preference. Results: The 10 propositions were generated through three Delphi rounds and included patient education, risk factors, adverse effects, concomitant therapy ( ie, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gastroprotection and cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitors, calcium and vitamin D, bisphosphonates) and special safety advice ( ie, adrenal insufficiency, pregnancy, growth impairment). Conclusion: Ten key recommendations for the management of systemic GC-therapy were formulated using a combination of systematically retrieved research evidence and expert consensus. There are areas of importance that have little evidence ( ie, dosing and tapering strategies, timing, risk factors and monitoring for adverse effects, perioperative GC-replacement) and need further research; therefore also a research agenda was composed.
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| 10. |
- LIDEN, F, et al.
(författare)
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ALIGNMENT PROCESSES IN CS-119, CS-121 AND CS-123
- 1992
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 550:2, s. 365-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rotational band structures have been observed in the odd-A Cs isotopes 119Cs, 121Cs and 123Cs. The previously known bands have been extended to higher spin values and several new bands have been established. Alignments of both h11/2 protons and neutrons are seen. Of special interest are the alignment frequencies in the (tentative) [422]3/2+ and [404]9/2+ bands which indicate a configuration-dependent proton pairing. Furthermore, the variation of the interaction strength at the first band crossing in the h11/2 bands does not follow the standard cranked-shell-model predictions. This feature is in line with previous systematic observations of alignment processes in high-j intruder bands, and might infer an additional band mixing due to a neutron-proton interaction.(~)[GRAPHICS]
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| 11. |
- Moore, S., et al.
(författare)
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APP Metabolism Regulates Tau Proteostasis in Human Cerebral Cortex Neurons
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 11:5, s. 689-696
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accumulation of A beta peptide fragments of the APP protein and neurofibrillary tangles of the microtubule-associated protein tau are the cellular hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To investigate the relationship between APP metabolism and tau protein levels and phosphorylation, we studied human-stem-cell-derived forebrain neurons with genetic forms of AD, all of which increase the release of pathogenic A beta peptides. We identified marked increases in intracellular tau in genetic forms of AD that either mutated APP or increased its dosage, suggesting that APP metabolism is coupled to changes in tau proteostasis. Manipulating APP metabolism by beta-secretase and gamma-secretase inhibition, as well as gamma-secretase modulation, results in specific increases and decreases in tau protein levels. These data demonstrate that APP metabolism regulates tau proteostasis and suggest that the relationship between APP processing and tau is not mediated solely through extracellular A beta signaling to neurons.
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| 12. |
- O'Sullivan, S. P., et al.
(författare)
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The Faraday Rotation Measure Grid of the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Data Release 2
- 2023
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 519:4, s. 5723-5742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Faraday rotation measure (RM) catalogue, or RM Grid, is a valuable resource for the study of cosmic magnetism. Using the second data release (DR2) from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS), we have produced a catalogue of 2461 extragalactic high-precision RM values across 5720 deg(2) of sky (corresponding to a polarized source areal number density of similar to 0.43 deg(-2)). The linear polarization and RM properties were derived using RM synthesis from the Stokes Q and U channel images at an angular resolution of 20 arcsec across a frequency range of 120 to 168 MHz with a channel bandwidth of 97.6 kHz. The fraction of total intensity sources (>1 mJy beam(-1)) found to be polarized was similar to 0.2 percent. The median detection threshold was 0.6 mJy beam(-1) (8 sigma(QU)), with a median RM uncertainty of 0.06 rad m(-2) (although a systematic uncertainty of up to 0.3 radm(-2) is possible, after the ionosphere RM correction). The median degree of polarization of the detected sources is 1.8 percent, with a range of 0.05 percent to 31 percent. Comparisons with cm-wavelength RMs indicate minimal amounts of Faraday complexity in the LoTSS detections, making them ideal sources for RM Grid studies. Host galaxy identifications were obtained for 88 percent of the sources, along with redshifts for 79 percent (both photometric and spectroscopic), with the median redshift being 0.6. The focus of the current catalogue was on reliability rather than completeness, and we expect future versions of the LoTSS RM Grid to have a higher areal number density. In addition, 25 pulsars were identified, mainly through their high degrees of linear polarization.
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| 13. |
- Schweizer, M., et al.
(författare)
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Contrasting patterns of diversification in two sister species of martins (Aves: Hirundinidae): The Sand Martin Riparia riparia and the Pale Martin R. diluta
- 2018
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903. ; 125, s. 116-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species not only responded idiosyncratically to past climate changes, there were also regionally contrasting effects on spatio-temporal diversification patterns. Studies of closely related species appear to be a particularly promising comparative approach to disentangle such regionally differential impacts. In this study, we undertook a comprehensive geographic sampling to investigate the evolutionary history of the Holarctic Sand Martin Riparia riparia and the chiefly Central and East Asian Pale Martin R. diluta. Previous phylogenetic studies using only a limited geographic sampling, particularly for the latter, revealed the two to be genetically distinct, with the former showing only a shallow genetic structure in mitochondrial DNA. Based on one mitochondrial, one autosomal and one Z-linked nuclear marker, we confirmed the shallow genetic structure in R. riparia even when including the morphologically relatively distinct subspecies R. r. shelleyi from the Nile Valley in Egypt and probably the Middle East. On the other hand the different subspecies of R. diluta, i.e. R. d. diluta from Central Asia, R. d. indica from the northwestern Indian Subcontinent, R. d. tibetana from the Tibetan Plateau and R. d. fohkienensis from southeastern China, were found to be genetically distinct. Their diversification started before the Early to Middle Pleistocene Transition, which was followed by a pronounced succession of glacial and interglacial periods. These rather old divergence events contrast with the lack of any strong phylogeographic structure in R. riparia. Strongly structured populations and regional diversification have been reported in different forest passerine families of South-East Asia. Here we demonstrate, however, that species characteristic of open-country habitats such as R. diluta might display a similar pattern. Morphometric analyses of 120 individuals revealed no clear differences between the different subspecies of R. diluta. Given their similarity also in plumage features, we refrain from proposing any splits despite their marked genetic differentiation, pending further studies and particularly the discovery of potential secondary contact zones. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.
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| 14. |
- Tugwell, Peter S., et al.
(författare)
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Domains Selection for Patient-Reported Outcomes: Current Activities and Options for Future Methods
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - : The Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 38:8, s. 1702-1710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Over the years, Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials (OMERACT) has worked toward consensus on core sets for outcome measurement in specific rheumatologic diseases. OMERACT core sets refer to the minimum number of domains and instruments essential to address the desired outcomes in trials. "Domains" are the attributes of an activity or function. This article discusses the need for an open process for selecting domains, existing frameworks for choosing domains, and the importance of describing the methods for selecting domains. Methods. We reviewed the domains selection process of 3 OMERACT groups working on patient-reported outcomes (PRO). We categorized these methods in a hierarchy of comprehensiveness and examined the extent to which they address related issues. Results. There was agreement that a gold standard for domain selection would include 3 important aspects: following a framework, remaining true to the clinical question, and including the clinically relevant outcomes for both benefits and harms. Discussion. OMERACT participants agreed that a guide for the options for developing domains that meet the OMERACT Filter would be useful. More discussion and explanation is needed to outline outcomes related to the patient perspective that are not covered by the current version of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and to explain the usefulness of the population/intervention/comparison/outcome (PICO) structure in domain selection. Future OMERACT work includes addressing these issues and developing a framework based on the ICF to support comprehensive outcome measurements. (J Rheumatol 2011;38:1702-10; doi:10.3899/jrheum.110389)
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