| 1. |
- Hollestelle, Antoinette, et al.
(author)
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No clinical utility of KRAS variant rs61764370 for ovarian or breast cancer
- 2016
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In: Gynecologic Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-8258 .- 1095-6859. ; 141:2, s. 386-401
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective Clinical genetic testing is commercially available for rs61764370, an inherited variant residing in a KRAS 3′ UTR microRNA binding site, based on suggested associations with increased ovarian and breast cancer risk as well as with survival time. However, prior studies, emphasizing particular subgroups, were relatively small. Therefore, we comprehensively evaluated ovarian and breast cancer risks as well as clinical outcome associated with rs61764370. Methods Centralized genotyping and analysis were performed for 140,012 women enrolled in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (15,357 ovarian cancer patients; 30,816 controls), the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (33,530 breast cancer patients; 37,640 controls), and the Consortium of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (14,765 BRCA1 and 7904 BRCA2 mutation carriers). Results We found no association with risk of ovarian cancer (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.04, p = 0.74) or breast cancer (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.94-1.01, p = 0.19) and results were consistent among mutation carriers (BRCA1, ovarian cancer HR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.97-1.23, p = 0.14, breast cancer HR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.97-1.12, p = 0.27; BRCA2, ovarian cancer HR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.71-1.13, p = 0.34, breast cancer HR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.94-1.19, p = 0.35). Null results were also obtained for associations with overall survival following ovarian cancer (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.83-1.07, p = 0.38), breast cancer (HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.87-1.06, p = 0.38), and all other previously-reported associations. Conclusions rs61764370 is not associated with risk of ovarian or breast cancer nor with clinical outcome for patients with these cancers. Therefore, genotyping this variant has no clinical utility related to the prediction or management of these cancers.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Abdallah, J, et al.
(author)
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Rapidity-alignment and p(T) compensation of particle pairs in hadronic Z(0) decays
- 2002
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In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - 0370-2693. ; 533:3-4, s. 243-252
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Observation is made of rapidity-alignment of K+K- and (p) over barp pairs which results from their asymmetric orientation in rapidity, with respect to the direction from primary quark to antiquark. The K+K- and (p) over barp data are consistent with predictions from the fragmentation string model. However, the (p) over barp data strongly disagree with the conventional implementation of the cluster model. The non-perturbative process of 'gluon splitting to diquarks' has to be incorporated into the cluster model for it to agree with the data. Local conservation of PT between particles nearby in rapidity (i.e., p(T) compensation) is analysed with respect to the thrust direction for pi(+)pi(-), K+K-, and (p) over barp pairs. In this case, the string model provides fair agreement with the data. The cluster model is incompatible with the data for all three particle pairs. The model with its central premiss of isotropically-decaying clusters predicts a p(T) correlation not seen in the data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Abdallah, J, et al.
(author)
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Search for charged Higgs bosons in e(+)e(-) collisions root s=189-202 GeV
- 2002
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In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - 0370-2693. ; 525:1-2, s. 17-28
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A search for pair-produced charged Higgs bosons was performed in the high energy data collected by the DELPHI detector at LEP II at centre-of-mass energies from 189 GeV to 202 GeV. The three different final states, taunutaunu, c (s) over bar(c) over bars and c (s) over bar taunu were considered. New methods were applied to reject wrong hadronic jet pairings and for the tau identification, where a discriminator based on tau polarisation and polar angles was used. No excess of data compared to the expected Standard Model processes was observed and the existence of a charged Higgs boson with mass lower than 71.5 GeV/c(2) is excluded at the 95% confidence level. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
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| 5. |
- Abdallah, J, et al.
(author)
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Searches for neutral Higgs bosons in e(+)e(-), collisions from root s=191.6 to 201.7 GeV
- 2002
-
In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 23:3, s. 409-435
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neutral Higgs bosons of the Standard Model (SM) and the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) were searched for in the data collected in 1999 by the DELPHI experiment at centre-of-mass energies between 191.6 and 201.7 GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 228 pb(-1). These analyses, in combination with our results at lower energies, set 95% confidence level lower mass bounds on the Standard Model Higgs boson (107.3 GeV/c(2)) and on the lightest neutral scalar (85.9 GeV/c(2)) and neutral pseudoscalar (86.5 GeV/c(2)) Higgs bosons in representative scans of the MSSM parameter space. An extended scan of the MSSM parameter space was also performed to test the robustness of these limits.
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| 6. |
- Abreu, P, et al.
(author)
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b-tagging in DELPHI at LEP
- 2004
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In: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 32:2, s. 185-208
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The standard method used for tagging b-hadrons in the DELPHI experiment at the CERN LEP Collider is discussed in detail. The main ingredient of b-tagging is the impact parameters of tracks, which relies mostly on the vertex detector. Additional information, such as the mass of particles associated to a secondary vertex, significantly improves the selection efficiency and the background suppression. The paper describes various discriminating variables used for the tagging and the procedure of their combination. In addition, applications of b-tagging to some physics analyses, which depend crucially on the performance and reliability of b-tagging, are described briefly.
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| 7. |
- Adams, Yvonne, et al.
(author)
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3D blood-brain barrier-organoids as a model for Lyme neuroborreliosis highlighting genospecies dependent organotropism
- 2023
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In: ISCIENCE. - : CELL PRESS. - 2589-0042. ; 26:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), a tick-borne infection caused by spirochetes within the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.L.) complex, is among the most prevalent bacterial central nervous system (CNS) infections in Europe and the US. Here we have screened a panel of low- passage B. burgdorferi s.l. isolates using a novel, human-derived 3D blood-brain barrier (BBB)-organoid model. We show that human-derived BBB-organoids support the entry of Borrelia spirochetes, leading to swelling of the organoids and a loss of their structural integrity. The use of the BBB-organoid model highlights the organotropism between B. burgdorferi s.l. genospecies and their ability to cross the BBB contributing to CNS infection.
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| 8. |
- Aidas, Kestutis, et al.
(author)
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Solvent effects on NMR isotropic shielding constants. A comparison between explicit polarizable discrete and continuum approaches
- 2007
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In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part A: Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment and General Theory. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5215. ; 111:20, s. 4199-4210
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The gas-to-aqueous solution shifts of the O-17 and C-13 NMR isotropic shielding constants for the carbonyl chromophore in formaldehyde and acetone are investigated. For the condensed-phase problem, we use the hybrid density functional theory/molecular mechanics approach in combination with a statistical averaging over an appropriate number of solute-solvent configurations extracted from classical molecular dynamics simulations. The PBE0 exchange-correlation functional and the 6-311++G(2d,2p) basis set are used for the calculation of the shielding constants. London atomic orbitals are employed to ensure gauge-origin independent results. The effects of the bulk solvent molecules are found to be crucial in order to calculate accurate solvation shifts of the shielding constants. Very good agreement between the computed and experimental solvation shifts is obtained for the shielding constants of acetone when a polarizable water potential is used. Supermolecular results based on geometry-optimized molecular structures are presented. We also compare the results obtained with the polarizable continuum model to the results obtained using explicit MM molecules to model the bulk solvent effect.
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| 9. |
- Ambrosini, Valentina, et al.
(author)
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Use and perceived utility of [18 F]FDG PET/CT in neuroendocrine neoplasms : A consensus report from the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) Advisory Board Meeting 2022.
- 2024
-
In: Journal of neuroendocrinology. - 0953-8194 .- 1365-2826. ; 36:1, s. e13359-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Somatostatin receptor (SST) PET/CT is the gold standard for well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NET) imaging. Higher grades of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) show preferential [18F]FDG (FDG) uptake, and even low-grade NET may de-differentiate over time. FDG PET/CT's prognostic role is widely accepted; however, its impact on clinical decision-making remains controversial and its use varies widely. A questionnaire-based survey on FDG PET/CT use and perceived decision-making utility in NEN was submitted to the ENETS Advisory Board Meeting attendees (November 2022, response rate = 70%). In 3/15 statements, agreement was higher than 75%: (i) FDG was considered useful in NET, irrespective of grade, in case of mis-matched lesions (detectable on diagnostic CT but negative/faintly positive on SST PET/CT), especially if PRRT is contemplated (80%); (ii) in NET G3 if curative surgery is considered (82%); and (iii) in NEC prior to surgery with curative intent (98%). FDG use in NET G3, even in the presence of matched lesions, as a baseline for response assessment was favoured by 74%. Four statements obtained more than 60% consensus: (i) FDG use in NET G3 if locoregional therapy is considered (65%); (ii) in neuroendocrine carcinoma before initiating active therapy as a baseline for response assessment (61%); (iii) biopsy to re-assess tumour grade prior to a change in therapeutic management (68%) upon detection of FDG-positivity on the background of a prior G1-2 NET; (iv) 67% were in favour to reconsider PRRT to treat residual SST-positive lesions after achieving complete remission on FDG of the SST-negative disease component. Multidisciplinary opinion broadly supports the use of FDG PET/CT for characterisation of disease biology and to guide treatment selection across a range of indications, despite the lack of full consensus in many situations. This may reflect existing clinical access due to lack of reimbursement or experience with this investigation, which should be addressed by further research.
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| 10. |
- Baker, Jillian M., et al.
(author)
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Postnatal intervention for the treatment of FNAIT : a systematic review
- 2019
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In: Journal of Perinatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0743-8346 .- 1476-5543. ; 39:10, s. 1329-1339
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is associated with life-threatening bleeding. This systematic review of postnatal management of FNAIT examined transfusion of human platelet antigen (HPA) selected or unselected platelets, and/or IVIg on platelet increments, hemorrhage and mortality. Study design: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane searches were conducted until 11 May 2018. Result: Of 754 neonates, 382 received platelet transfusions (51%). HPA-selected platelets resulted in higher platelet increments and longer response times than HPA-unselected platelets. However, unselected platelets generally led to sufficient platelet increments to 30 × 10 9 /L, a level above which intracranial hemorrhage or other life-threatening bleeding rarely occurred. Platelet increments were not improved with the addition of IVIg to platelet transfusion. Conclusion: Overall, HPA-selected platelet transfusions were more effective than HPA-unselected platelets but unselected platelets were often effective enough to achieve clinical goals. Available studies do not clearly demonstrate a benefit for addition of IVIg to platelet transfusion.
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| 11. |
- Biasin, Elisa, et al.
(author)
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Femtosecond X-Ray Scattering Study of Ultrafast Photoinduced Structural Dynamics in Solvated[Co(terpy)2]2$
- 2016
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In: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 117:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study the structural dynamics of photoexcited [Co(terpy)2]2+ in an aqueous solution with ultrafast x-ray diffuse scattering experiments conducted at the Linac Coherent Light Source. Through direct comparisons with density functional theory calculations, our analysis shows that the photoexcitation event leads to elongation of the Co-N bonds, followed by coherent Co-N bond length oscillations arising from the impulsive excitation of a vibrational mode dominated by the symmetrical stretch of all six Co-N bonds. This mode has a period of 0.33 ps and decays on a subpicosecond time scale. We find that the equilibrium bond-elongated structure of the high spin state is established on a single-picosecond time scale and that this state has a lifetime of ∼7 ps.
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| 12. |
- Bozkurt, Murat Fani, et al.
(author)
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Guideline for PET/CT imaging of neuroendocrine neoplasms with Ga-68-DOTA-conjugated somatostatin receptor targeting peptides and F-18-DOPA
- 2017
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In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : SPRINGER. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 44:9, s. 1588-1601
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose & Methods Neuroendocrine neoplasms are a heterogenous group of tumours, for which nuclear medicine plays an important role in the diagnostic work-up as well as in the targeted therapeutic options. This guideline is aimed to assist nuclear medicine physicians in recommending, performing, reporting and interpreting the results of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) PET/CT imaging using Ga-68-DOTA-conjugated peptides, as well as F-18-DOPA imaging for various neuroendocrine neoplasms. Results & Conclusion The previous procedural guideline by EANM regarding the use PET/CT tumour imaging with Ga-68-conjugated peptides has been revised and updated with the relevant and recent literature in the field with contribution of distinguished experts.
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| 13. |
- Canton, Sophie, et al.
(author)
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Toward Highlighting the Ultrafast Electron Transfer Dynamics at the Optically Dark Sites of Photocatalysts
- 2013
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In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 4:11, s. 1972-1976
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Building a detailed understanding of the structure function relationship is a crucial step in the optimization of molecular photocatalysts employed in water splitting schemes. The optically dark nature of their active sites usually prevents a complete mapping of the photoinduced dynamics. In this work, transient X-ray absorption spectroscopy highlights the electronic and geometric changes that affect such a center in a bimetallic model complex. Upon selective excitation of the ruthenium chromophore, the cobalt moiety is reduced through intramolecular electron transfer and undergoes a spin flip accompanied by an average bond elongation of 0.20 +/- 0.03 angstrom. The analysis is supported by simulations based on density functional theory structures (B3LYP*/TZVP) and FEFF 9.0 multiple scattering calculations. More generally, these results exemplify the large potential of the technique for tracking elusive intermediates that impart unique functionalities in photochemical devices.
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| 14. |
- Canton, Sophie, et al.
(author)
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Visualizing the non-equilibrium dynamics of photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer with femtosecond X-ray pulses.
- 2015
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer preceding energy equilibration still poses many experimental and conceptual challenges to the optimization of photoconversion since an atomic-scale description has so far been beyond reach. Here we combine femtosecond transient optical absorption spectroscopy with ultrafast X-ray emission spectroscopy and diffuse X-ray scattering at the SACLA facility to track the non-equilibrated electronic and structural dynamics within a bimetallic donor-acceptor complex that contains an optically dark centre. Exploiting the 100-fold increase in temporal resolution as compared with storage ring facilities, these measurements constitute the first X-ray-based visualization of a non-equilibrated intramolecular electron transfer process over large interatomic distances. Experimental and theoretical results establish that mediation through electronically excited molecular states is a key mechanistic feature. The present study demonstrates the extensive potential of femtosecond X-ray techniques as diagnostics of non-adiabatic electron transfer processes in synthetic and biological systems, and some directions for future studies, are outlined.
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| 15. |
- Dam, Gitte, et al.
(author)
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Nordic 2023 guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms.
- 2023
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In: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 62:5, s. 431-437
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are a heterogeneous population of neoplasms with different pathology, clinical behavior, and prognosis compared to the more common lung cancers. The diagnostic work-up and treatment of patients with lung- NEN has undergone major recent advances and new methods are currently being introduced into the clinic. These Nordic guidelines summarize and update the Nordic Neuroendocrine Tumor Group's current view on how to diagnose and treat lung NEN-patients and are meant to be useful in the daily practice for clinicians handling these patients. This review reflects our view of the current state of the art of diagnosis and treatment of patients with lung-NEN. Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is not included in these guidelines.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Gutte, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Automated interpretation of PET/CT images in patients with lung cancer.
- 2007
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In: Nuclear Medicine Communications. - 1473-5628. ; 28:2, s. 79-84
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To develop a completely automated method based on image processing techniques and artificial neural networks for the interpretation of combined [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) images for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Methods: A total of 87 patients who underwent PET/CT examinations due to suspected lung cancer comprised the training group. The test group consisted of PET/CT images from 49 patients suspected with lung cancer. The consensus interpretations by two experienced physicians were used as the 'gold standard' image interpretation. The training group was used in the development of the automated method. The image processing techniques included algorithms for segmentation of the lungs based on the CT images and detection of lesions in the PET images. Lung boundaries from the CT images were used for localization of lesions in the PET images in the feature extraction process. Eight features from each examination were used as inputs to artificial neural networks trained to classify the images. Thereafter, the performance of the network was evaluated in the test set. Results: The performance of the automated method measured as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, was 0.97 in the test group, with an accuracy of 92%. The sensitivity was 86% at a specificity of 100%. Conclusions: A completely automated method using artificial neural networks can be used to detect lung cancer with such a high accuracy that the application as a clinical decision support tool appears to have significant potential.
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| 18. |
- Gylling, Anne Theil, et al.
(author)
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The influence of prolonged strength training upon muscle and fat in healthy and chronically diseased older adults
- 2020
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In: Experimental Gerontology. - : Elsevier. - 0531-5565 .- 1873-6815. ; 136
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Physical muscle function and brain hippocampus size declines with age, accelerating after the age of 60. Strength training over a few months improves physical function, but less is known about how long-term strength training affects physical function and hippocampus volume. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of 1-year strength training of two different intensities upon muscle mass, function, and hippocampus volume in retirement-age individuals.Methods: In this multidisciplinary randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02123641), participants were allocated to either a) supervised, heavy resistance training (HRT, n = 149, 3/wk), b) moderate intensity resistance training (MIT, n = 154, 3/wk) or c) non-exercise activities (CON, n = 148). 451 participants were randomized (62-70 yrs., women 61%, approximate to 80% with a chronic medical disease) and 419 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis (n = 143, 144 and 132; HRT, MIT and CON). Changes in muscle power (primary outcome), strength and size, physical function, body composition, hippocampus volume and physical/mental well-being were analyzed.Findings: Of the participants (HRT + MIT), 83% completed training at least 2/week. Leg extensor power was unchanged in all groups, but strength training had a positive effect on isometric knee extensor strength in both groups, whereas an increased muscle mass, cross-sectional area of vastus lateralis muscle, a decreased whole-body fat percentage, visceral fat content and an improved mental health (SF-36) occurred in HRT only. Further, chair-stand performance improved in all groups, whereas hippocampus volume decreased in all groups over time with no influence of strength training.Interpretation: Together, the results indicate that leg extensor power did not respond to long-term supervised strength training, but this type of training in a mixed group of healthy and chronically diseased elderly individuals can be implemented with good compliance and induces consistent changes in physiological parameters of muscle strength, muscle mass and abdominal fat.
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| 19. |
- Herchenhan, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Early Growth Response Genes Increases Rapidly After Mechanical Overloading and Unloading in Tendon Constructs
- 2020
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In: Journal of Orthopaedic Research. - : WILEY. - 0736-0266 .- 1554-527X. ; 38:1, s. 173-181
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tendon cells exist in a dense extracellular matrix and mechanical loading is important for the strength development of this matrix. We therefore use a three-dimensional (3D) culture system for tendon formation in vitro. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the temporal expression of tendon-related genes during the formation of artificial tendons in vitro and to investigate if early growth response-1 (EGR1), EGR2, FOS, and cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (PTGS1 and PTGS2) are sensitive to mechanical loading. First, we studied messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of several tendon-related genes during formation of tendon constructs. Second, we studied the mRNA levels of, for example, EGR1 and EGR2 after different degrees of loading; dynamic physiologic-range loading (2.5% strain), dynamic overloading (approximately 10% strain), or tension release. The gene expression for tendon-related genes (i.e., EGR2, MKX, TNMD, COL3A1) increased with time after seeding into this 3D model. EGR1, EGR2, FOS, PTGS1, and PTGS2 did not respond to physiologic-range loading. But overloading (and tension release) lead to elevated levels of EGR1 and EGR2 (p amp;lt;= 0.006). FOS and PTGS2 were increased after overloading (both p amp;lt; 0.007) but not after tension release (p = 0.06 and 0.08). In conclusion, the expression of tendon-related genes increases during the formation of artificial tendons in vitro, including EGR2. Furthermore, the gene expression of EGR1 and EGR2 in human tendon cells appear to be sensitive to overloading and unloading but did not respond to the single episode of physiologic-range loading. These findings could be helpful for the understanding of tendon tensional homeostasis. (c) 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
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| 20. |
- Jensen, Kim Steen, et al.
(author)
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FoxO3A promotes metabolic adaptation to hypoxia by antagonizing Myc function
- 2011
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In: EMBO Journal. - : Wiley. - 1460-2075 .- 0261-4189. ; 30:22, s. 4554-4570
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Exposure of metazoan organisms to hypoxia engages a metabolic switch orchestrated by the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). HIF-1 mediates induction of glycolysis and active repression of mitochondrial respiration that reduces oxygen consumption and inhibits the production of potentially harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we show that FoxO3A is activated in hypoxia downstream of HIF-1 and mediates the hypoxic repression of a set of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. FoxO3A is required for hypoxic suppression of mitochondrial mass, oxygen consumption, and ROS production and promotes cell survival in hypoxia. FoxO3A is recruited to the promoters of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes where it directly antagonizes c-Myc function via a mechanism that does not require binding to the consensus FoxO recognition element. Furthermore, we show that FoxO3A is activated in human hypoxic tumour tissue in vivo and that FoxO3A shor-thairpin RNA (shRNA)-expressing xenograft tumours are decreased in size and metabolically changed. Our findings define a novel mechanism by which FoxO3A promotes metabolic adaptation and stress resistance in hypoxia. The EMBO Journal (2011) 30, 4554-4570. doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.323; Published online 13 September 2011
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| 21. |
- Jensen, Torben Haugaard, et al.
(author)
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Imaging of Metastatic Lymph Nodes by X-ray Phase-Contrast Micro-Tomography
- 2013
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In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Invasive cancer causes a change in density in the affected tissue, which can be visualized by x-ray phase-contrast tomography. However, the diagnostic value of this method has so far not been investigated in detail. Therefore, the purpose of this study was, in a blinded manner, to investigate whether malignancy could be revealed by non-invasive x-ray phase-contrast tomography in lymph nodes from breast cancer patients. Seventeen formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lymph nodes from 10 female patients (age range 37-83 years) diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinomas were analyzed by X-ray phase-contrast tomography. Ten lymph nodes had metastatic deposits and 7 were benign. The phase-contrast images were analyzed according to standards for conventional CT images looking for characteristics usually only visible by pathological examinations. Histopathology was used as reference. The result of this study was that the diagnostic sensitivity of the image analysis for detecting malignancy was 100% and the specificity was 87%. The positive predictive value was 91% for detecting malignancy and the negative predictive value was 100%. We conclude that x-ray phase-contrast imaging can accurately detect density variations to obtain information regarding lymph node involvement previously inaccessible with standard absorption x-ray imaging.
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| 22. |
- Kjaer, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Luminescence Spectroscopy of Rhodamine Homodimer Dications in Vacuo Reveals Strong Dye-Dye Interactions
- 2019
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In: ChemPhysChem. - : Wiley. - 1439-4235 .- 1439-7641. ; 20:4, s. 533-537
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Being alone or together makes a difference for the photophysics of dyes but for ionic dyes it is difficult to quantify the interactions due to solvent screening and nearby counter ions. Gas-phase luminescence experiments are desirable and now possible based on recent developments in mass spectrometry. Here we present results on tailor-made rhodamine homodimers where two dye cations are separated by methylene linkers, (CH2)(n). In solution the fluorescence is almost identical to that from the monomer whereas the emission from bare cation dimers redshifts with decreasing n. In the absence of screening, the electric field from the charge on one dye is strong enough to polarize the other dye, both in the ground state and in the excited state. An electrostatic model based on symmetric dye responses (equal induced-dipole moments in ground state) captures the underlying physics and demonstrates interaction even at large distances. Our results have possible implications for gas-phase Forster Resonance Energy Transfer.
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| 23. |
- Kjær, Mette, et al.
(author)
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Maternal HPA-1a antibody level and its role in predicting the severity of Fetal/Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia : a systematic review
- 2019
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In: Vox Sanguinis. - : Wiley. - 0042-9007. ; 114:1, s. 79-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and Objectives: In Caucasians, fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is most commonly due to maternal HPA-1a antibodies. HPA-1a typing followed by screening for anti-HPA-1a antibodies in HPA-1bb women may identify first pregnancies at risk. Our goal was to review results from previous published studies to examine whether the maternal antibody level to HPA-1a could be used to identify high-risk pregnancies. Materials and Methods: The studies included were categorized by recruitment strategies: screening of unselected pregnancies or samples analyzed from known or suspected FNAIT patients. Results: Three prospective studies reported results from screening programmes, and 10 retrospective studies focused on suspected cases of FNAIT. In 8 studies samples for antibody measurement, performed by the monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigen (MAIPA) assay, and samples for determining fetal/neonatal platelet count were collected simultaneously. In these 8 studies, the maternal antibody level correlated with the risk of severe thrombocytopenia. The prospective studies reported high negative predictive values (88–95%), which would allow for the use of maternal anti-HPA-1a antibody level as a predictive tool in a screening setting, in order to identify cases at low risk for FNAIT. However, due to low positive predictive values reported in prospective as well as retrospective studies (54–97%), the maternal antibody level is less suited for the final diagnosis and for guiding antenatal treatment. Conclusion: HPA-1a antibody level has the potential to predict the severity of FNAIT.
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| 24. |
- Kjeldsen-Kragh, Jens, et al.
(author)
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Fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia : A systematic review of impact of HLA-DRB3∗01:01 on fetal/neonatal outcome
- 2020
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In: Blood Advances. - : American Society of Hematology. - 2473-9529 .- 2473-9537. ; 4:14, s. 3368-3377
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The most common, severe cases of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia among whites are caused by antibodies against human platelet antigen 1a (HPA-1a). The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis are to determine the association between maternal HLA-DRB3∗01:01 and: (1) HPA-1a-alloimmunization and (2) neonatal outcome in children born of HPA-1a-immunized women. A systematic literature search identified 4 prospective and 8 retrospective studies. Data were combined across studies to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and the associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The population represented by the prospective studies was more than 150 000. In the prospective studies, there were 64 severely thrombocytopenic newborns (platelet count < 50 × 109/L) of whom 3 had intracranial hemorrhage. The mothers of all 64 children were HLA-DRB3∗01:01+. The number of severely thrombocytopenic children born of HPA-1a-alloimmunized women in the retrospective studies was 214; 205 of whom were born of HLA-DRB3∗01:01+ women. For HLA-DRB3∗01:01- women, the OR (95% CI) for alloimmunization was 0.05 (0.00-0.60), and for severe neonatal thrombocytopenia 0.08 (0.02-0.37). This meta-analysis demonstrates that the risk of alloimmunization and of having a child with severe thrombocytopenia are both very low for HPA-1a- women who are HLA-DRB3∗01:01-.
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| 25. |
- Lundemann, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Feasibility of multi-parametric PET and MRI for prediction of tumour recurrence in patients with glioblastoma
- 2019
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In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 46:3, s. 603-613
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Recurrence in glioblastoma patients often occur close to the original tumour and indicates that the current treatment is inadequate for local tumour control. In this study, we explored the feasibility of using multi-modality imaging at the time of radiotherapy planning. Specifically, we aimed to identify parameters from pre-treatment PET and MRI with potential to predict tumour recurrence. Materials and methods: Sixteen patients were prospectively recruited and treated according to established guidelines. Multi-parametric imaging with 18 F-FET PET/CT and 18 F-FDG PET/MR including diffusion and dynamic contrast enhanced perfusion MRI were performed before radiotherapy. Correlations between imaging parameters were calculated. Imaging was related to the voxel-wise outcome at the time of tumour recurrence. Within the radiotherapy target, median differences of imaging parameters in recurring and non-recurring voxels were calculated for contrast-enhancing lesion (CEL), non-enhancing lesion (NEL), and normal appearing grey and white matter. Logistic regression models were created to predict the patient-specific probability of recurrence. The most important parameters were identified using standardized model coefficients. Results: Significant median differences between recurring and non-recurring voxels were observed for FDG, FET, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, mean transit time, extra-vascular, extra-cellular blood volume and permeability derived from scans prior to chemo-radiotherapy. Tissue-specific patterns of voxel-wise correlations were observed. The most pronounced correlations were observed for 18 F-FDG- and 18 F-FET-uptake in CEL and NEL. Voxel-wise modelling of recurrence probability resulted in area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.77 from scans prior to therapy. Overall, FET proved to be the most important parameter for recurrence prediction. Conclusion: Multi-parametric imaging before radiotherapy is feasible and significant differences in imaging parameters between recurring and non-recurring voxels were observed. Combining parameters in a logistic regression model enabled patient-specific maps of recurrence probability, where 18 F-FET proved to be most important. This strategy could enable risk-adapted radiotherapy planning.
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| 26. |
- Parducci, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Molecular- and pollen-based vegetation analysis in lake sediments from central Scandinavia
- 2013
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In: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 22:13, s. 3511-3524
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plant and animal biodiversity can be studied by obtaining DNA directly from the environment. This new approach in combination with the use of generic barcoding primers (metabarcoding) has been suggested as complementary or alternative to traditional biodiversity monitoring in ancient soil sediments. However, the extent to which metabarcoding truly reflects plant composition remains unclear, as does its power to identify species with no pollen or macrofossil evidence. Here, we compared pollen-based and metabarcoding approaches to explore the Holocene plant composition around two lakes in central Scandinavia. At one site, we also compared barcoding results with those obtained in earlier studies with species-specific primers. The pollen analyses revealed a larger number of taxa (46), of which the majority (78%) was not identified by metabarcoding. The metabarcoding identified 14 taxa (MTUs), but allowed identification to a lower taxonomical level. The combined analyses identified 52 taxa. The barcoding primers may favour amplification of certain taxa, as they did not detect taxa previously identified with species-specific primers. Taphonomy and selectiveness of the primers are likely the major factors influencing these results. We conclude that metabarcoding from lake sediments provides a complementary, but not an alternative, tool to pollen analysis for investigating past flora. In the absence of other fossil evidence, metabarcoding gives a local and important signal from the vegetation, but the resulting assemblages show limited capacity to detect all taxa, regardless of their abundance around the lake. We suggest that metabarcoding is followed by pollen analysis and the use of species-specific primers to provide the most comprehensive signal from the environment.
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| 27. |
- Pommergaard, Hans-Christian, et al.
(author)
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Surgery of the primary tumour in 201 patients with high-grade gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine and mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms
- 2021
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In: Journal of neuroendocrinology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0953-8194 .- 1365-2826. ; 33:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The benefit of surgery in high-grade gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP NEN) and mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNEN) is uncertain. The present study aimed to investigate outcomes after tumour surgery in patients with high-grade (Ki-67 > 20%) GEP NEN or MiNEN stage I-III or stage IV. We analysed data from patients treated in the period 2007-2015 at eight Nordic university hospitals. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS)/disease-free survival (DFS) were analysed by Kaplan-Meier estimates. Prognostic factors were evaluated using Cox regression. We included 201 surgically resected patients, 143 stage I-III and 58 stage IV, with 68% having neuroendocrine carcinoma, 23% MiNEN, 5% neuroendocrine tumour G3 and 4% uncertain NEN G3. Primary tumours were located in colon/rectum (52%), oesophagus/cardia (19%), pancreas (10%), stomach (7%), jejunum/ileum (5%), duodenum (4%), gallbladder (2%) and anal canal (1%). For patients with stage I-III, median DFS was 12 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.5-18.5) and median OS was 32 months (95% CI = 24.0-40.0). For patients with stage I-III and an R0 resection, median DFS was 21 months (95% CI = 4.9-37.1) and median OS was 39 months (95% CI = 25.0-53.0). For patients with stage IV, median PFS/DFS was 4 months (95% CI = 1.9-6.1) and median OS was 11 months (95% CI = 4.8-17.2). For patients with stage IV and an R0 resection, median DFS was 6 months (95% CI = 0-16.4) and median OS was 32 months (95% CI = 25.5-38.5). Performance status > 1 and colorectal primary were associated with poor prognosis. There was no difference in survival between patients with high-grade GEP NEN and MiNEN. Surgery of the primary tumour in patients with loco-regional high-grade GEP NEN or MiNEN led to good long-term results and should be considered if an R0 resection is considered achievable. Highly selected patients with stage IV disease may also benefit from surgery.
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| 28. |
- Shalgunov, Vladimir, et al.
(author)
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Blocking of efflux transporters in rats improves translational validation of brain radioligands
- 2020
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In: EJNMMI Research. - : SPRINGER. - 2191-219X. ; 10:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technique that can be used to investigate the in vivo pharmacology of drugs. Initial preclinical evaluation of PET tracers is often conducted in rodents due to the accessibility of disease models as well as economic considerations. Compared to larger species, rodents display a higher expression and/or activity of efflux transporters such as the P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Low brain uptake could, therefore, be species-specific and uptake in rodents not be predictive for that in humans. We hypothesized that a better prediction from rodent data could be achieved when a tracer is evaluated under P-gp inhibition. Consequently, we compared the performance of eight neuroreceptor tracers in rats with and without P-gp inhibition including a specific binding blockade. This data set was then used to predict the binding of these eight tracers in pigs. Methods PET tracers targeting serotonin 5-HT(2A)receptors ([F-18]MH.MZ, [F-18]Altanserin, [C-11]Cimbi-36, [C-11]Pimavanserin), serotonin 5-HT(7)receptors ([C-11]Cimbi-701, [C-11]Cimbi-717 and [C-11]BA-10) and dopamine D(2/3)receptors ([F-18]Fallypride) were used in the study. The brain uptake and target-specific binding of these PET radiotracers were evaluated in rats with and without inhibition of P-gp. Rat data were subsequently compared to the results obtained in pigs. Results Without P-gp inhibition, the amount of target-specific binding in the rat brain was sufficient to justify further translation for three out of eight evaluated tracers. With P-gp inhibition, results for five out of eight tracers justified further translation. The performance in pigs could correctly be predicted for six out of eight tracers when rat data obtained under P-gp inhibition were used, compared to four out of eight tracers without P-gp inhibition. Conclusions P-gp strongly affects the uptake of PET tracers in rodents, but false prediction outcomes can be reduced by evaluating a tracer under P-gp inhibition.
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| 29. |
- Strickertsson, Jesper A. B., et al.
(author)
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Interferon-gamma inhibits ghrelin expression and secretion via a somatostatin-mediated mechanism
- 2011
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In: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - 1007-9327. ; 17:26, s. 3117-3125
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To investigate if and how the proinflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFN gamma) affects ghrelin expression in mice. METHODS: The plasma concentration of ghrelin, and gastric ghrelin and somatostatin expression, were examined in wild-type mice and mice infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylon). Furthermore, ghrelin expression was examined in two achlorhydric mouse models with varying degrees of gastritis due to bacterial overgrowth. To study the effect of IFN gamma alone, mice were given a subcutaneous infusion of IFN gamma for 7 d. Finally, the influence of IFN gamma, and somatostatin on the ghrelin promoter was characterized. RESULTS: H. pylori infection was associated with a 50% reduction in ghrelin expression and plasma concentration. Suppression of ghrelin expression was inversely correlated with gastric inflammation in achlorhdyric mouse models. Subcutaneous infusion of IFN gamma suppressed fundic ghrelin mRNA expression and plasma ghrelin concentrations. Finally, we showed that the ghrelin promoter operates under the control of somatostatin but not under that of IFN gamma. CONCLUSION: Gastric infection and inflammation is associated with increased IFN gamma expression and reduced ghrelin expression. IFN gamma does not directly control ghrelin expression but inhibits it indirectly via somatostatin. (C) 2011 Baishideng. All rights reserved.
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| 30. |
- Sundin, Anders, 1954-, et al.
(author)
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ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors : Radiological, Nuclear Medicine & Hybrid Imaging.
- 2017
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In: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 105:3, s. 212-244
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the neckthorax-abdomen and pelvis, including 3-phase examination of the liver, constitutes the basic imaging for primary neuroendocrine tumor (NET) diagnosis, staging, surveillance, and therapy monitoring. CT characterization of lymph nodes is difficult because of inadequate size criteria (short axis diameter), and bone metastases are often missed. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion-weighted imaging is preferred for the examination of the liver, pancreas, brain and bone. MRI may miss small lung metastases. MRI is less well suited than CT for the examination of extended body areas because of the longer examination procedure. Ultrasonography (US) frequently provides the initial diagnosis of liver metastases and contrast-enhanced US is excellent to characterize liver lesions that remain equivocal on CT/MRI. US is the method of choice to guide the biopsy needle for the histopathological NET diagnosis. US cannot visualize thoracic NET lesions for which CTguided biopsy therefore is used. Endocopic US is the most sensitive method to diagnose pancreatic NETs, and additionally allows for biopsy. Intraoperative US facilitates lesion detection in the pancreas and liver. Somatostatin receptor imaging should be a part of the tumor staging, preoperative imaging and restaging, for which 68 Ga-DOTA-somatostatin analog PET/CT is recommended, which is vastly superior to somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, and facilitates the diagnosis of most types of NET lesions, for example lymph node metastases, bone metastases, liver metastases, peritoneal lesions, and primary small intestinal NETs. (18)FDG-PET/CT is better suited for G3 and high G2 NETs, which generally have higher glucose metabolism and less somatostatin receptor expression than low-grade NETs, and additionally provides prognostic information.
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| 31. |
- Thiel Gylling, Anne, et al.
(author)
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Maintenance of muscle strenght following a one-year resistance training program in older adults
- 2020
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In: Experimental Gerontology. - : Elsevier. - 0531-5565 .- 1873-6815. ; 139
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Muscle mass, strength and function declines with advancing age. Strength training (ST) improves these parameters in older adults, but the gains often disappear after completion of a short-term intervention. The purpose of the present study was to investigate muscle mass, -strength and -function one year after the com-pletion of a successful long-term (12 months) supervised ST program in older adults.Method: Men and women (n = 419, age: 62–70 years) completed one year of supervised heavy resistance training (HRT, n = 143) or moderate intensity resistance training (MIT, n = 144) and were compared to a non- exercising control group (CON, n = 132). At 1-year follow-up, 398 participants returned for measurements of muscle power, -strength and -mass, physical function, body composition, hippocampus volume and physical/ mental well-being. The results were compared to pre-training (baseline) and post-training (1-year) values. Further, the participants from the two previous training groups (HRT + MIT, n = 265) were divided into 1) those who on their own continued the ST program (> 9 months) the year after completion of the supervised ST program (CONTIN, n = 65) and 2) those who stopped during the follow-up year (< 9 months) (STOP, n = 200).Results: Out of all the improvements obtained after the 1-year training intervention, only knee extensor muscle strength in HRT was preserved at 1-year follow-up (p < 0.0001), where muscle strength was 7% higher than baseline. Additionally, the decrease in muscle strength over the second year was lower in CONTIN than in STOP with decreases of 1% and 6%, respectively (p < 0.05). Only in CONTIN was the muscle strength still higher at 1- year follow-up compared with baseline with a 14% increase (p < 0.0001). The heavy strength training induced increase in whole-body lean mass was erased at 1-year follow-up. However, there was a tendency for main-tenance of the cross-sectional area of m. vastus lateralis from baseline to 1-year follow-up in HRT compared with CON (p = 0.06). Waist circumference decreased further over the second year in CONTIN, whereas it increased in STOP (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Even though long-term strength training effectively improved muscle function and other health parameters in older adults, only knee extensor muscle strength was preserved one year after completion of heavy (but not moderate intensity) resistance training. Continuation of strength training resulted in better maintenance of muscle strength and health, which indicates that it is required to continue with physical activity to benefit from the long-term effects of strength training upon muscle function and health in older men and women.
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| 32. |
- Tiensuu Janson, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Nordic guidelines 2021 for diagnosis and treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
- 2021
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In: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 60:7, s. 931-941
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The diagnostic work-up and treatment of patients with gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) has undergone major advances and new methods are introduced. Furthermore, an update of the WHO classification has resulted in a new nomenclature for GEP-NEN that is implemented in the clinic.Aim: These Nordic guidelines summarise the Nordic Neuroendocrine Tumour Group's current view on how to diagnose and treat GEP-NEN patients and aims to be useful in the daily practice for clinicians.
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| 33. |
- Vanko, Gyoergy, et al.
(author)
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Detailed Characterization of a Nanosecond-Lived Excited State: X-ray and Theoretical Investigation of the Quintet State in Photoexcited [Fe(terpy)(2)](2+)
- 2015
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In: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 119:11, s. 5888-5902
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Theoretical predictions show that depending on the populations of the Fe 3d(xy), 3d(xz), and 3d(yz) orbitals two possible quintet states can exist for the high-spin state of the photoswitchable model system [Fe(terpy)(2)](2+). The differences in the structure and molecular properties of these B-5(2) and E-5 quintets are very small and pose a substantial challenge for experiments to resolve them. Yet for a better understanding of the physics of this system, which can lead to the design of novel molecules with enhanced photoswitching performance, it is vital to determine which high-spin state is reached in the transitions that follow the light excitation. The quintet state can be prepared with a short laser pulse and can be studied with cutting-edge time-resolved X-ray techniques. Here we report on the application of an extended set of X-ray spectroscopy and scattering techniques applied to investigate the quintet state of [Fe(terpy)(2)](2+) 80 ps after light excitation. High-quality X-ray absorption, nonresonant emission, and resonant emission spectra as well as X-ray diffuse scattering data clearly reflect the formation of the high-spin state of the [Fe(terpy)(2)](2+) molecule; moreover, extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy resolves the Fe-ligand bond-length variations with unprecedented bond-length accuracy in time-resolved experiments. With ab initio calculations we determine why, in contrast to most related systems, one configurational mode is insufficient for the description of the low-spin (LS)-high-spin (HS) transition. We identify the electronic structure origin of the differences between the two possible quintet modes, and finally, we unambiguously identify the formed quintet state as 5E, in agreement with our theoretical expectations.
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| 34. |
- Vanko, Gyoergy, et al.
(author)
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Spin-state studies with XES and RIXS: From static to ultrafast
- 2013
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In: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048. ; 188, s. 166-171
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on extending hard X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) along with resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) to study ultrafast phenomena in a pump-probe scheme at MHz repetition rates. The investigated systems include low-spin (LS) Fe-II complex compounds, where optical pulses induce a spin-state transition to their (sub)nanosecond-lived high-spin (HS) state. Time-resolved XES clearly reflects the spin-state variations with very high signal-to-noise ratio, in agreement with HS-LS difference spectra measured at thermal spin crossover, and reference HS-LS systems in static experiments, next to multiplet calculations. The 1s2p RIXS, measured at the Fe Is pre-edge region, shows variations after laser excitation, which are consistent with the formation of the HS state. Our results demonstrate that X-ray spectroscopy experiments with overall rather weak signals, such as RIXS, can now be reliably exploited to study chemical and physical transformations on ultrafast time scales. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 35. |
- Veit-Haibach, Patrick, et al.
(author)
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International EANM-SNMMI-ISMRM consensus recommendation for PET/MRI in oncology
- 2023
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In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Nature. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 50:12, s. 3513-3537
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) is an international scientific and professional organization founded in 1954 to promote the science, technology, and practical application of nuclear medicine. The European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) is a professional non-profit medical association that facilitates communication worldwide between individuals pursuing clinical and research excellence in nuclear medicine. The EANM was founded in 1985. The merged International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) is an international, nonprofit, scientific association whose purpose is to promote communication, research, development, and applications in the field of magnetic resonance in medicine and biology and other related topics and to develop and provide channels and facilities for continuing education in the field.The ISMRM was founded in 1994 through the merger of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and the Society of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. SNMMI, ISMRM, and EANM members are physicians, technologists, and scientists specializing in the research and practice of nuclear medicine and/or magnetic resonance imaging.The SNMMI, ISMRM, and EANM will periodically define new guidelines for nuclear medicine practice to help advance the science of nuclear medicine and/or magnetic resonance imaging and to improve the quality of service to patients throughout the world. Existing practice guidelines will be reviewed for revision or renewal, as appropriate, on their fifth anniversary or sooner, if indicated. Each practice guideline, representing a policy statement by the SNMMI/EANM/ISMRM, has undergone a thorough consensus process in which it has been subjected to extensive review. The SNMMI, ISMRM, and EANM recognize that the safe and effective use of diagnostic nuclear medicine imaging and magnetic resonance imaging requires specific training, skills, and techniques, as described in each document. Reproduction or modification of the published practice guideline by those entities not providing these services is not authorized.These guidelines are an educational tool designed to assist practitioners in providing appropriate care for patients. They are not inflexible rules or requirements of practice and are not intended, nor should they be used, to establish a legal standard of care. For these reasons and those set forth below, the SNMMI, the ISMRM, and the EANM caution against the use of these guidelines in litigation in which the clinical decisions of a practitioner are called into question.The ultimate judgment regarding the propriety of any specific procedure or course of action must be made by the physician or medical physicist in light of all the circumstances presented. Thus, there is no implication that an approach differing from the guidelines, standing alone, is below the standard of care. To the contrary, a conscientious practitioner may responsibly adopt a course of action different from that set forth in the guidelines when, in the reasonable judgment of the practitioner, such course of action is indicated by the condition of the patient, limitations of available resources, or advances in knowledge or technology subsequent to publication of the guidelines.The practice of medicine includes both the art and the science of the prevention, diagnosis, alleviation, and treatment of disease. The variety and complexity of human conditions make it impossible to always reach the most appropriate diagnosis or to predict with certainty a particular response to treatment.Therefore, it should be recognized that adherence to these guidelines will not ensure an accurate diagnosis or a successful outcome. All that should be expected is that the practitioner will follow a reasonable course of action based on current knowledge, available resources, and the needs of the patient to deliver effective and safe medical care. The sole purpose of these guidelines is to assist practitioners in achieving this objective.
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| 36. |
- Vester, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Tracking structural solvent reorganization and recombination dynamics following e-photoabstraction from aqueous I-with femtosecond x-ray spectroscopy and scattering
- 2022
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In: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 157:22
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a sub-picosecond resolved investigation of the structural solvent reorganization and geminate recombination dynamics following 400 nm two-photon excitation and photodetachment of a valence p electron from the aqueous atomic solute, I-(aq). The measurements utilized time-resolved X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (TR-XANES) spectroscopy and X-ray Solution Scattering (TR-XSS) at the Linac Coherent Light Source x-ray free electron laser in a laser pump/x-ray probe experiment. The XANES measurements around the L1-edge of the generated nascent iodine atoms (I0) yield an average electron ejection distance from the iodine parent of 7.4 ± 1.5 Å with an excitation yield of about 1/3 of the 0.1M NaI aqueous solution. The kinetic traces of the XANES measurement are in agreement with a purely diffusion-driven geminate iodine-electron recombination model without the need for a long-lived (I0:e-) contact pair. Nonequilibrium classical molecular dynamics simulations indicate a delayed response of the caging H2O solvent shell and this is supported by the structural analysis of the XSS data: We identify a two-step process exhibiting a 0.1 ps delayed solvent shell reorganization time within the tight H-bond network and a 0.3 ps time constant for the mean iodine-oxygen distance changes. The results indicate that most of the reorganization can be explained classically by a transition from a hydrophilic cavity with a well-ordered first solvation shell (hydrogens pointing toward I-) to an expanded cavity around I0 with a more random orientation of the H2O molecules in a broadened first solvation shell.
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| 37. |
- Winkelhorst, Dian, et al.
(author)
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Antenatal management in fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia : A systematic review
- 2017
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In: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 129:11, s. 1538-1547
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several strategies can be used to manage fetal or neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) in subsequent pregnancies. Serial fetal blood sampling (FBS) and intrauterine platelet transfusions (IUPT), as well as weekly maternal IV immunoglobulin infusion (IVIG), with or without additional corticosteroid therapy, are common options, but optimal management has not been determined. The aim of this systematic review was to assess antenatal treatment strategies for FNAIT. Four randomized controlled trials and 22 nonrandomized studies were included. Pooling of results was not possible due to considerable heterogeneity. Most studies found comparable outcomes regarding the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage, regardless of the antenatal management strategy applied; FBS, IUPT, or IVIG with or without corticosteroids. There is no consistent evidence for the value of adding steroids to IVIG. FBS or IUPT resulted in a relatively high complication rate (consisting mainly of preterm emergency cesarean section) of 11% per treated pregnancy in all studies combined. Overall, noninvasive management in pregnant mothers who have had a previous neonate with FNAIT is effective without the relatively high rate of adverse outcomes seen with invasive strategies. This systematic review suggests that first-line antenatal management in FNAIT is weekly IVIG administration, with or without the addition of corticosteroids.
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| 38. |
- Öberg, Kjell, et al.
(author)
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A Delphic consensus assessment : imaging and biomarkers in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor disease management
- 2016
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In: Endocrine Connections. - 2049-3614. ; 5:5, s. 174-187
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The complexity of the clinical management of neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) is exacerbated by limitations in imaging modalities and a paucity of clinically useful biomarkers. Limitations in currently available imaging modalities reflect difficulties in measuring an intrinsically indolent disease, resolution inadequacies and inter-/intra-facility device variability and that RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) criteria are not optimal for NEN. Limitations of currently used biomarkers are that they are secretory biomarkers (chromogranin A, serotonin, neuron-specific enolase and pancreastatin); monoanalyte measurements; and lack sensitivity, specificity and predictive capacity. None of them meet the NIH metrics for clinical usage. A multinational, multidisciplinary Delphi consensus meeting of NEN experts (n = 33) assessed current imaging strategies and biomarkers in NEN management. Consensus (>75%) was achieved for 78% of the 142 questions. The panel concluded that morphological imaging has a diagnostic value. However, both imaging and current single-analyte biomarkers exhibit substantial limitations in measuring the disease status and predicting the therapeutic efficacy. RECIST remains suboptimal as a metric. A critical unmet need is the development of a clinico-biological tool to provide enhanced information regarding precise disease status and treatment response. The group considered that circulating RNA was better than current general NEN biomarkers and preliminary clinical data were considered promising. It was resolved that circulating multianalyte mRNA (NETest) had clinical utility in both diagnosis and monitoring disease status and therapeutic efficacy. Overall, it was concluded that a combination of tumor spatial and functional imaging with circulating transcripts (mRNA) would represent the future strategy for real-time monitoring of disease progress and therapeutic efficacy.
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