| 1. |
- Thalén, B. E., et al.
(författare)
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Release of corticotropin after administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone in depressed patients in relation to the dexamethasone suppression test
- 1993
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 87:2, s. 133-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possible hypersecretion involvement of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the pathophysiology of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis disturbances in patients with major depressive episode and with an abnormal dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was investigated. The corticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol response to the injection of 45 micrograms of synthetic human CRH at 1630 were analyzed in 24 inpatients with normal (suppressors) or abnormal (nonsuppressors) DST. The outcome of the DST was analyzed using 3 cut-off points for the cortisol levels. The clinical assessments included two rating scales. The results showed that nonsuppressors had a significantly lower ACTH response to CRH stimulation than suppressors at all cut-off points (calculated as net area under the curve and as the difference between the peak and the baseline level) despite no significant differences in the severity of depression.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Acquavella, J., et al.
(författare)
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Design and methods for a Scandinavian pharmacovigilance study of osteonecrosis of the jaw and serious infections among cancer patients treated with antiresorptive agents for the prevention of skeletal-related events
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical Epidemiology. - 1179-1349. ; 8, s. 267-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a recognized complication of potent antiresorptive therapies, especially at the doses indicated to prevent skeletal complications for cancer patients with bone metastases. This paper describes the rationale and methods for a prospective, post-authorization safety study of cancer patients treated with antiresorptive therapies. Methods: As part of a comprehensive pharmacovigilance plan, developed with regulators' input, the study will estimate incidence of ONJ and of serious infections among adult cancer patients with bone metastases treated with denosumab (120 mg subcutaneously) or zoledronic acid (4 mg intravenously, adjusted for renal function). Patients will be identified using routinely collected data combined with medical chart review in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. Followup will extend from the first administration of antiresorptive treatment to the earliest of death, loss-to-follow-up, or 5 years after therapy initiation. Results will be reported for three treatment cohorts: denosumab-naive patients, zoledronic acid-naive patients, and patients who switch from bisphosphonate treatment to denosumab. ONJ cases will be identified in three newly established national ONJ databases and adjudicated by the committee that functioned during the XGEVA (R) clinical trials program. Conclusion: This study will provide a real world counterpart to the clinical trial-estimated risks for ONJ and serious infections for cancer patients initiating denosumab or zoledronic acid. The establishment of ONJ databases in the three Scandinavian countries will have potential benefits outside this study for the elucidation of ONJ risk factors and the evaluation of ONJ treatment strategies.
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| 4. |
- Ehrenstein, V., et al.
(författare)
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Osteonecrosis of the jaw among patients with cancer treated with denosumab or zoledronic acid: Results of a regulator-mandated cohort postauthorization safety study in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0008-543X .- 1097-0142. ; 127:21, s. 4050-4058
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is an adverse effect of antiresorptive treatment. This study estimated incidence proportions and incidence rates of ONJ in cancer patients with bone metastases from solid tumors treated for the prevention of skeletal-related events in routine clinical practice. METHODS This cohort study in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden in 2011-2018 included 3 treatment cohorts: a denosumab inception cohort (DEIC), a zoledronic acid inception cohort (ZAIC), and a denosumab-switch cohort (DESC). The authors estimated 1- to 5-year incidence proportions and incidence rates of ONJ overall, by cancer site (breast, prostate, or other solid tumor), and by country. ONJ diagnoses were confirmed by adjudication. RESULTS There were 1340 patients in the DEIC, 1352 in the ZAIC, and 408 in the DESC. The median ages of the 3 cohorts were 70, 69, and 70 years, respectively; the proportions of men were 72.6%, 53.8%, and 48.3%, respectively; and the median follow-up was 19.8, 12.9, and 13.3 months, respectively. The 5-year incidence proportions of ONJ were 5.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4%-7.3%) in the DEIC, 1.4% (95% CI, 0.8%-2.3%) in the ZAIC, and 6.6% (95% CI, 4.2%-10.0%) in the DESC. The corresponding ONJ incidence rates per 100 person-years were 3.0 (95% CI, 2.3-3.7), 1.0 (95% CI, 0.6-1.5), and 4.3 (95% CI, 2.8-6.3). Incidence proportions and incidence rates were highest in patients with prostate cancer and in Denmark. CONCLUSIONS This study provides estimates of the risk of medically confirmed ONJ among patients initiating denosumab or zoledronic acid in routine clinical practice in 3 Scandinavian countries. The results varied by cancer site and by country. LAY SUMMARY Denosumab and zoledronic acid reduce the risk of bone fractures, pain, and surgery in patients with advanced cancers involving bone. Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ)-death of a jawbone-is a known side effect of treatment with denosumab or zoledronic acid. The authors examined almost 2900 denosumab- or zoledronic acid-treated patients with cancer in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Over the course of 5 years, ONJ developed in 5.7% of the patients whose initial treatment was denosumab, in 1.4% of the patients whose initial treatment was zoledronic acid, and in 6.6% of the patients who switched from zoledronic acid to denosumab.
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| 5. |
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| 9. |
- Lindskog, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Ilixadencel, a Cell-based Immune Primer, plus Sunitinib Versus Sunitinib Alone in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Randomized Phase 2 Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Urology Open Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-1691 .- 2666-1683. ; 40, s. 38-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The prognosis of patients with synchronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is poor. Whereas single-agent tyrosine kinase inhibition (TKI) is clearly insufficient, the effects can be enhanced by combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Innovative treatment options combining TKI and other immune-stimulating agents could prove beneficial. Objective: To evaluate the clinical effects on metastatic disease when two doses of allogeneic monocyte-derived dendritic cells (ilixadencel) are administrated intratumorally followed by nephrectomy and treatment with sunitinib compared with nephrectomy and sunitinib monotherapy, in patients with synchronous mRCC. Design, setting, and participants: A randomized (2:1) phase 2 multicenter trial enrolled 88 patients with newly diagnosed mRCC to treatment with the combination ilixadencel/sunitinib (ILIXA/SUN; 58 patients) or sunitinib alone (SUN; 30 patients).Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The primary endpoints were 18mo survival rate and overall survival (OS). A secondary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) assessed up to 18 mo after enrollment. Statistic evaluations included Kaplan-Meier estimates, log-rank tests, Cox regression, and stratified Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests.Results and limitations: The median OS was 35.6 mo in the ILIXA/SUN arm versus 25.3 mo in the SUN arm (hazard ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.42-1.27; p = 0.25), while the 18-mo OS rates were 63% and 66% in the ILIXA/SUN and SUN arms, respectively. The confirmed ORR in the ILIXA/SUN arm were 42.2% (19/45), including three patients with complete response, versus 24.0% (six/25) in the SUN arm (p = 0.13) without complete responses. The study was not adequately powered to detect modest differences in survival. Conclusions: The study failed to meet its primary endpoints. However, ilixadencel in combination with sunitinib was associated with a numerically higher, nonsignificant, confirmed response rate, including complete responses, compared with sunitinib monotherapy.Patient summary: We studied the effects of intratumoral vaccination with ilixadencel followed by sunitinib versus sunitinib only in a randomized phase 2 study. The combination treatment showed numerically higher numbers of confirmed responses, suggesting an immunologic effect.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association of Urology. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Akner, Gunnar, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Adrenocorticotropin and cortisol response to lysine vasopressin in relation to the outcome of the dexamethasone suppression test in major depressive disorder
- 1988
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 77:4, s. 404-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pathophysiology behind the abnormalities of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal cortex axis found in patients with major depressive disorder was studied by the use of the vasopressin test. The response of plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol to the injection of 10 IU lysine-vasopressin (LVP) was investigated in 18 patients meeting the DSM-III criteria for major depressive episode. The response was correlated to the outcome of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) with the use of two different cut-off points, 139 nmol/l and 200 nmol/l respectively. The results show that no significant difference was found in ACTH or cortisol response between patients having a normal or abnormal DST. The results do not seem to support the hypothesis that the abnormalities of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal cortex axis involve a hypersecretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and a subsequent desensitization of the corticotrophs to CRF-stimulated ACTH release.
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| 14. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Gerdtsson, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of a prediction model for post-chemotherapy fibrosis in nonseminoma patients
- 2023
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Ingår i: Bju International. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X. ; 132:3, s. 329-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To validate Vergouwe's prediction model using the Swedish and Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group (SWENOTECA) RETROP database and to define its clinical utility. Materials and methods Vergouwe's prediction model for benign histopathology in post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PCRPLND) uses the following variables: presence of teratoma in orchiectomy specimen; pre-chemotherapy level of alphafetoprotein; b-Human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate dehydrogenase; and lymph node size pre- and postchemotherapy. Our validation cohort consisted of patients included in RETROP, a prospective population-based database of patients in Sweden and Norway with metastatic nonseminoma, who underwent PC-RPLND in the period 2007-2014. Discrimination and calibration analyses were used to validate Vergouwe's prediction model results. Calibration plots were created and a Hosmer-Lemeshow test was calculated. Clinical utility, expressed as opt-out net benefit (NBopt-out), was analysed using decision curve analysis. Results Overall, 284 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 130 (46%) had benign histology after PC-RPLND. Discrimination analysis showed good reproducibility, with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.77-0.87) compared to Vergouwe's prediction model (AUC between 0.77 and 0.84). Calibration was acceptable with no recalibration. Using a prediction threshold of 70% for benign histopathology, NBopt-out was 0.098. Using the model and this threshold, 61 patients would have been spared surgery. However, only 51 of 61 were correctly classified as benign. Conclusions The model was externally validated with good reproducibility. In a clinical setting, the model may identify patients with a high chance of benign histopathology, thereby sparing patients of surgery. However, meticulous follow-up is required.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Gupta, Mohit Kumar, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of bondcoat surface characteristics on lifetime in suspension plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference & Exposition (ITSC 2017). - New York : Curran Associates, Inc. - 9781510858220 ; , s. 883-887
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development of TBCs allowing higher combustion temperatures in gas turbines is of high commercial interest since it results in higher fuel efficiency and lower emissions. It is well known that TBCs produced by suspension plasma spraying (SPS) have lower thermal conductivity as compared to conventional systems due to their very fine porous microstructure. Moreover, columnar structured SPS TBCs are significantly cheaper to produce as compared to the conventionally used electron beam - physical vapour deposition (EB-PVD). However, SPS TBCs have not yet been commercialised due to low reliability and life expectancy of the coatings. Lifetime of a TBC system is significantly dependent on topcoat-bondcoat interface topography. The objective of this work was to study the effect of topcoat-bondcoat interface in SPS TBCs by changing bondcoat spray parameters and bondcoat surface heat treatment High velocity air fuel (HVAF) spraying was used for bondcoat deposition while axial-SPS was used for topcoat deposition. Same topcoat spray parameters were used for all samples. Lifetime was examined by thermal cyclic fatigue and thermal shock testing. The influence of surface roughness on lifetime has been discussed. The results show that HVAF could be a suitable process for bondcoat deposition to achieve long lifetime SPS TBCs.
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| 24. |
- Gustafsson, Per, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Family interaction and a supportive social network as salutogenic factors in childhood atopic illness
- 2002
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Ingår i: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 13:1, s. 51-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of psycho-social factors in the development of allergy was studied prospectively in 82 infants with a family history of atopy. The family participated in a standardized family test when the children were 18 months old. The ability to adjust to demands of the situation ('adaptability'), and the balance between emotional closeness and distance ('cohesion'), were assessed from videotapes by independent raters. Families rated as functional in both of these aspects were classified as 'functional', otherwise as 'dysfunctional'. The social network, life events, atopic symptoms (based on postal inquiries regarding symptoms answered by the parents, and on physical examinations), psychiatric symptoms, and socio-economic circumstances of the families were evaluated when the children were 18 months and 3 years of age. The children were classified as atopic (asthmatic symptoms or eczema) or as non-atopic. All but two children with atopic disease at 3 years of age had atopic disease before 18 months of age, while 32 of 60 children with atopic disease at 18 months of age had no problems by 3 years of age. An unbalanced family interplay at 18 months was associated with a relative risk (RR) of 1.99 for continuing atopic illness at 3 years of age (1.18
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| 25. |
- Hovland, A, et al.
(författare)
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Om ångestsyndrom
- 2018
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Ingår i: Fysisk aktivitet som medicin. - Stockholm : SISU idrottsböcker. - 9789177270355 ; , s. 293-298
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Kjellman, B, et al.
(författare)
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Prognosis of asthma in children: a cohort study into adulthood.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 83:8, s. 854-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fifty-six children with asthma, randomly selected from a hospital clinic, were followed prospectively for 15 years from a median age of 9-24 years of age. Four follow-ups were performed and included scoring of the frequency of wheezing, the need for medication, admissions to hospital, spirometry, skin prick tests and RAST to common inhaled allergens, and evaluation of living conditions. One patient died of asthma. The remaining 55 reported for all follow-ups. After the second follow-up at a median age of 13 years, all parameters of severity of asthma showed improvement, which was significant at the last follow-up when all subjects were more than 20 years of age. Only 16% of the subjects had been free from wheezing and medication the year prior to the last follow-up. Approximately 90% of the children had clinical allergies and positive allergy tests to pollens and danders and the majority of children retained both the allergies and the reactivity into adulthood. Reactivity to moulds and mites was less frequent (40% and 31%, respectively) and seemed to decrease in adulthood. Approximately 10% of the subjects developed neither clinical allergies nor reactivity in allergy tests. Children with atopic eczema usually retained their eczema as adults. Frequent wheezing and abnormal spirometry in childhood and early onset of asthma were associated with poorer outcome. The social prognosis was excellent.
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| 31. |
- Kjellman, P, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of outcome in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
- 2006
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Ingår i: European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0748-7983. ; 32:3, s. 345-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 32. |
- Landgren, M, et al.
(författare)
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Deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP): a simplified school entry examination.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - 0803-5253. ; 89:3, s. 302-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To suggest an empirically based school entry screening examination for the detection of deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP) in 6-y-old children. Material and methods: A population-based cohort of 113 children, 6-7 y of age (62 with and 51 without DAMP), compared on measures of attention, motor functions, language and cognition. Results: Attention deficits were convincingly identified by both parents and paediatrician. The motor function tests clearly distinguished between the two groups. Linguistic and meta-linguistic tests demonstrated greater phonological processing difficulties in the DAMP group. The cognitive test revealed an overall lower IQ but no consistent characteristic pattern in the DAMP group. Conclusions: A simplified paediatric school entry examination test is suggested. Four motor tests (standing on one foot, Fog test, design copying and diadochokinesis) administered by the paediatrician, combined with a brief structured clinical observation and a structured parent interview, identified 80% of children with DAMP–and all those with severe DAMP–as well as a small number of false positives
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Martinsen, E, et al.
(författare)
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Om depression
- 2018
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Ingår i: Fysisk aktivitet som medicin. - Stockholm : SISU idrottsböcker. - 9789177270355 ; , s. 177-182
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Myklebust, MP, et al.
(författare)
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Serum miR371 in testicular germ cell cancer before and after orchiectomy, assessed by digital-droplet PCR in a prospective study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1, s. 15582-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MicroRNA-371a-3p (miR371) has been suggested as a sensitive biomarker in testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC). We aimed to compare miR371 with the classical biomarkers α-fetoprotein (AFP) and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGβ). Overall, 180 patients were prospectively enrolled in the study, with serum samples collected before and after orchiectomy. We compared the use of digital droplet PCR (RT-ddPCR) with the quantitative PCR used by others for detection of miR371. The novel RT-ddPCR protocol showed high performance in detection of miR371 in serum samples. In the study cohort, miR371 was measured using RT-ddPCR. MiR371 detected CS1 of the seminoma and the non-seminoma sub-types with a sensitivity of 87% and 89%, respectively. The total sensitivity was 89%. After orchiectomy, miR371 levels declined in 154 of 159 TGCC cases. The ratio of miR371 pre- and post-orchiectomy was 20.5 in CS1 compared to 6.5 in systemic disease. AFP and hCGβ had sensitivities of 52% and 51% in the non-seminomas. MiR371 is a sensitive marker that performs better than the classical markers in all sub-types and clinical stages. Especially for the seminomas CS1, the high sensitivity of miR371 in detecting TGCC cells may have clinical implications.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Nilssen, L, et al.
(författare)
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Parity among atopic and non-atopic mothers
- 1997
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Ingår i: Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - 0905-6157. ; 8:3, s. 134-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Nilsson, L, et al.
(författare)
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Pertussis IgE and atopic disease
- 1998
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 53:12, s. 1195-1201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Ramos-Vega, Marta, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping of neuroinflammation-induced hypoxia in the spinal cord using optoacoustic imaging
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Neuropathologica Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2051-5960. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies suggest that metabolic changes and oxygen deficiency in the central nervous system play an important role in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). In our present study, we investigated the changes in oxygenation and analyzed the vascular perfusion of the spinal cord in a rodent model of MS. We performed multispectral optoacoustic tomography of the lumbar spinal cord before and after an oxygen enhancement challenge in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for MS. In addition, mice were transcardially perfused with lectin to label the vasculature and their spinal columns were optically cleared, followed by light sheet fluorescence microscopy. To analyze the angioarchitecture of the intact spine, we used VesSAP, a novel deep learning-based framework. In EAE mice, the spinal cord had lower oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration compared to healthy mice, indicating compromised perfusion of the spinal cord. Oxygen administration reversed hypoxia in the spinal cord of EAE mice, although the ventral region remained hypoxic. Additionally, despite the increased vascular density, we report a reduction in length and complexity of the perfused vascular network in EAE. Taken together, these findings highlight a new aspect of neuroinflammatory pathology, revealing a significant degree of hypoxia in EAE in vivo that is accompanied by changes in spinal vascular perfusion. The study also introduces optoacoustic imaging as a tractable technique with the potential to further decipher the role of hypoxia in EAE and to monitor it in MS patients.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Sigurs, N., et al.
(författare)
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Severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy and asthma and allergy at age 13
- 2005
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Ingår i: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. - 1073-449X. ; 171:2, s. 137-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have prospectively studied wheezing disorder and allergy in 47 children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in infancy and 93 matched control subjects. Subjects with at least three episodes of wheezing were defined as recurrent wheezers and as having asthma if the episodes were doctor verified. Here we report the outcome at age 13 years in 46/47 children with RSV and 92/93 control subjects. Wheezing disorder and clinical allergy were estimated using a questionnaire. Skin prick tests were performed and serum IgE antibodies measured. Spirometry was undertaken at rest, after dry air challenge, and after beta2-agonist inhalation. The occurrence of symptoms over the previous 12 months was significantly higher in the RSV group than among the control subjects, 43% versus 8% for asthma/recurrent wheezing and 39% versus 15% for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Sensitization to common inhaled allergens was more frequent in the RSV group than in the control subjects, judged by skin prick tests (50% versus 28%; p = 0.022), or by serum IgE antibodies (45% versus 26%; p = 0.038). Compared with the control subjects, the RSV group showed mild airway obstruction both at rest and after bronchodilation, and had slightly more reactive airways. RSV bronchiolitis in infancy severe enough to cause hospitalization is a risk factor for allergic asthma in early adolescence.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Tribukait, B, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of Overall Survival by Thymidine Kinase 1 Combined with Prostate-Specific Antigen in Men with Prostate Cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: International journal of molecular sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067. ; 24:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is an intracellular enzyme involved in DNA-precursor synthesis. Increased serum TK1 levels are used as a biomarker in various malignancies. We combined serum TK1 with PSA and evaluated its capacity to predict overall survival (OS) in 175 men with prostate cancer (PCa), detected by screening in 1988–1989 (n = 52) and during follow-up (median 22.6 years) (n = 123). TK1 was measured in frozen serum, age was stratified into four groups, and dates of PCa diagnosis and dates of death were obtained from Swedish population-based registries. The median concentration of TK1 and PSA was 0.25 and 3.8 ng/ml. TK1 was an independent variable of OS. In the multivariate analysis, PSA was not statistically significant in combination with age whereas the significance remained for TK1 + PSA. Measured once, TK1 + PSA predicted a difference of up to 10 years (depending on patient subgroup) in OS at a median of 9 years before PCa diagnosis. The TK1 concentration in 193 controls without malignancies did not differ from that of the PCa patients, hence TK1 was likely not released from incidental PCa. Thus, TK1 in the blood circulation may indicate the release of TK1 from sources other than cancers, nonetheless associated with OS.
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