| 1. |
- Dima, Danai, et al.
(författare)
-
Subcortical volumes across the lifespan : Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - : Wiley. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 43:1, s. 452-469
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalized on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine age-related trajectories inferred from cross-sectional measures of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3-90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum value early in life. The volume of the basal ganglia showed a monotonic negative association with age thereafter; there was no significant association between age and the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life after which they also showed a steep negative association with age. The lateral ventricles showed continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Age was positively associated with inter-individual variability in the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to examine the functional significance of deviations from typical age-related morphometric patterns.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bohm, Marek, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical features of childhood granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegener's granulomatosis)
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Rheumatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-0096. ; 12:18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG), belongs to the group of ANCA-associated necrotizing vasculitides. This study describes the clinical picture of the disease in a large cohort of GPA paediatric patients.Children with age at diagnosis ≤ 18 years, fulfilling the EULAR/PRINTO/PRES GPA/WG classification criteria were extracted from the PRINTO vasculitis database. The clinical signs/symptoms and laboratory features were analysed before or at the time of diagnosis and at least 3 months thereafter and compared with other paediatric and adult case series (>50 patients) derived from the literature. Findings The 56 children with GPA/WG were predominantly females (68%) and Caucasians (82%) with a median age at disease onset of 11.7 years, and a median delay in diagnosis of 4.2 months. The most frequent organ systems involved before/at the time of diagnosis were ears, nose, throat (91%), constitutional (malaise, fever, weight loss) (89%), respiratory (79%), mucosa and skin (64%), musculoskeletal (59%), and eye (35%), 67% were ANCA-PR3 positive, while haematuria/proteinuria was present in > 50% of the children. In adult series, the frequency of female involvement ranged from 29% to 50% with lower frequencies of constitutional (fever, weight loss), ears, nose, throat (oral/nasal ulceration, otitis/aural discharge), respiratory (tracheal/endobronchial stenosis/obstruction), laboratory involvement and higher frequency of conductive hearing loss than in this paediatric series. Conclusions Paediatric patients compared to adults with GPA/WG have similar pattern of clinical manifestations but different frequencies of organ involvement.
|
|
| 3. |
- Cavalieri, Riccardo, et al.
(författare)
-
Activating ligands of Uncoupling protein 1 identified by rapid membrane protein thermostability shift analysis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Molecular Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8778. ; 62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) catalyses mitochondrial proton leak in brown adipose tissue to facilitate nutrient oxidation for heat production, and may combat metabolic disease if activated in humans. During the adrenergic stimulation of brown adipocytes, free fatty acids generated from lipolysis activate UCP1 via an unclear interaction. Here, we set out to characterise activator binding to purified UCP1 to clarify the activation process, discern novel activators and the potential to target UCP1.Methods: We assessed ligand binding to purified UCP1 by protein thermostability shift analysis, which unlike many conventional approaches can inform on the binding of hydrophobic ligands to membrane proteins. A detailed activator interaction analysis and screening approach was carried out, supported by investigations of UCP1 activity in liposomes, isolated brown fat mitochondria and UCP1 expression-controlled cell lines.Results: We reveal that fatty acids and other activators influence UCP1 through a specific destabilising interaction, behaving as transport substrates that shift the protein to a less stable conformation of a transport cycle. Through the detection of specific stability shifts in screens, we identify novel activators, including the over-the-counter drug ibuprofen, where ligand analysis indicates that UCP1 has a relatively wide structural specificity for interacting molecules. Ibuprofen successfully induced UCP1 activity in liposomes, isolated brown fat mitochondria and UCP1-expressing HEK293 cells but not in cultured brown adipocytes, suggesting drug delivery differs in each cell type.Conclusions: These findings clarify the nature of the activator-UCP1 interaction and demonstrate that the targeting of UCP1 in cells by approved drugs is in principle achievable as a therapeutic avenue, but requires variants with more effective delivery in brown adipocytes.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Eisenack, Klaus, et al.
(författare)
-
Explaining and overcoming barriers to climate change adaptation
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 4:10, s. 867-872
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of barriers is increasingly used to describe the obstacles that hinder the planning and implementation of climate change adaptation. The growing literature on barriers to adaptation reveals not only commonly reported barriers, but also conflicting evidence, and few explanations of why barriers exist and change. There is thus a need for research that focuses on the interdependencies between barriers and considers the dynamic ways in which barriers develop and persist. Such research, which would be actor-centred and comparative, would help to explain barriers to adaptation and provide insights into how to overcome them.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Frangou, Sophia, et al.
(författare)
-
Cortical thickness across the lifespan : Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 43:1, s. 431-451
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Delineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behavior. Previous research has shown that robust estimates of the association between age and brain morphometry require large-scale studies. In response, we used cross-sectional data from 17,075 individuals aged 3-90 years from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age-related changes in cortical thickness. We used fractional polynomial (FP) regression to quantify the association between age and cortical thickness, and we computed normalized growth centiles using the parametric Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Interindividual variability was estimated using meta-analysis and one-way analysis of variance. For most regions, their highest cortical thickness value was observed in childhood. Age and cortical thickness showed a negative association; the slope was steeper up to the third decade of life and more gradual thereafter; notable exceptions to this general pattern were entorhinal, temporopolar, and anterior cingulate cortices. Interindividual variability was largest in temporal and frontal regions across the lifespan. Age and its FP combinations explained up to 59% variance in cortical thickness. These results may form the basis of further investigation on normative deviation in cortical thickness and its significance for behavioral and cognitive outcomes.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Hibar, Derrek P., et al.
(författare)
-
Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (r(g) = -0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness.
|
|
| 11. |
- Hultén, John, et al.
(författare)
-
Lunds Kommun Klimatpolitiska råd: Rapport 2023
- 2023
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Förra året utsåg EU-kommissionen Lund till en av 100europeiska städer som ska bli klimatneutrala till 2030.Det är en utmärkelse som förpliktigar, särskilt i en tiddå klimatpolitiken på nationell nivå tappar styrfart(Klimatpolitiska rådet 2023). Lunds kommun har redangjort mycket som är bra, men både kan och behövergöra mer för att uppnå egna klimatmål och för att varaett föredöme för andra städer och kommuner som intekommit lika långt. Kommunen pekar på tre områdensom centrala i omställningsarbetet. Det handlar om 1)transporter, 2) cirkulär ekonomi, och 3) energi.Lunds kommuns klimatpolitiska råd (Rådet) bildadeshösten 2018 med uppdrag att utvärdera om kommunenssamlade politik är förenlig med de klimatmål somantagits av kommunfullmäktige. Utvärderingen presen-teras årligen i en rapport som granskar olika aspekterav kommunens klimatarbete. Rådet består av forskarefrån Lunds universitet och SLU Alnarp. Utav rådets sexmedlemmar är fem nya sedan den förra rapporten. Rådetuppskattar förtroendet att utvärdera kommunens klimat-arbete men är samtidigt ödmjuka inför komplexiteten iuppdraget. Ambitionen för Rådet är att vara en “kritiskvän” som är konstruktiv och lösningsorienterad.
|
|
| 12. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
-
TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
|
|
| 13. |
- Klein Hazebroek, Marlou, et al.
(författare)
-
Adapting to the Cold : A Role for Endogenous Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Thermoregulation?
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Endocrinology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2392. ; 11
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is in biomedical focus as a treatment option for metabolic diseases, given that administration improves metabolism in mice and humans. The metabolic effects of exogenous FGF21 administration are well-characterized, but the physiological role of endogenous FGF21 has not been fully understood yet. Despite cold-induced FGF21 expression and increased circulating levels in some studies, which co-occur with brown fat thermogenesis, recent studies in cold-acclimated mice demonstrate the dispensability of FGF21 for maintenance of body temperature, thereby questioning FGF21's role for thermogenesis. Here we discuss the evidence either supporting or opposing the role of endogenous FGF21 for thermogenesis based on the current literature. FGF21, secreted by brown fat or liver, is likely not required for energy homeostasis in the cold, but the nutritional conditions could modulate the interaction between FGF21, energy metabolism, and thermoregulation.
|
|
| 14. |
- Klein Hazebroek, Marlou, et al.
(författare)
-
Hyperphagia of female UCP1-deficient mice blunts anti-obesity effects of FGF21
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing energy expenditure through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) activity in thermogenic adipose tissue is widely investigated to correct diet-induced obesity (DIO). Paradoxically, UCP1-deficient male mice are resistant to DIO at room temperature. Recently, we uncovered a key role for fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a promising drug target for treatment of metabolic disease, in this phenomenon. As the metabolic action of FGF21 is so far understudied in females, we aim to investigate potential sexual dimorphisms. Here, we confirm that male UCP1 KO mice display resistance to DIO in mild cold, without significant changes in metabolic parameters. Surprisingly, females gained the same amount of body fat as WT controls. Molecular regulation was similar between UCP1 KO males and females, with an upregulation of serum FGF21, coinciding with beiging of inguinal white adipose tissue and induced lipid metabolism. While energy expenditure did not display significant differences, UCP1 KO females significantly increased their food intake. Altogether, our results indicate that hyperphagia is likely counteracting the beneficial effects of FGF21 in female mice. This underlines the importance of sex-specific studies in (pre)clinical research for personalized drug development.
|
|
| 15. |
- Klein Hazebroek, Marlou, et al.
(författare)
-
Obesity-resistance of UCP1-deficient mice associates with sustained FGF21 sensitivity in inguinal adipose tissue
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Endocrinology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2392. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolic diseases represent the major health burden of our modern society. With the need of novel therapeutic approaches, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a promising target, based on metabolic improvements upon FGF21 administration in mice and humans. Endogenous FGF21 serum levels, however, are increased during obesity-related diseases, suggesting the development of FGF21 resistance during obesity and thereby lowering FGF21 efficacy. In uncoupling protein 1 knockout (UCP1 KO) mice, however, elevated endogenous FGF21 levels mediate resistance against diet-induced obesity. Here, we show that after long-term high fat diet feeding (HFD), circulating FGF21 levels become similarly high in obese wildtype and obesity-resistant UCP1 KO mice, suggesting improved FGF21 sensitivity in UCP1 KO mice. To test this hypothesis, we injected FGF21 after long-term HFD and assessed the metabolic and molecular effects. The UCP1 KO mice lost weight directly upon FGF21 administration, whereas body weights of WT mice resisted weight loss in the initial phase of the treatment. The FGF21 treatment induced expression of liver Pck1, a typical FGF21-responsive gene, in both genotypes. In iWAT, FGF21-responsive genes were selectively induced in UCP1 KO mice, strongly associating FGF21-sensitivity in iWAT with healthy body weights. Thus, these data support the concept that FGF21-sensitivity in adipose tissue is key for metabolic improvements during obesogenic diets.
|
|
| 16. |
- Klein, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Öppna data från Copernicus : Möjligheter för klimatanpassningen
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det europeiska jordobservationsprogrammet Copernicus är ett världsledande användarstyrt program för insamling och spridning av data om jordens miljö, klimat och säkerhet (Copernicus 2017a). Insamlingen av data sker till stor del med hjälp av satelliter. Data bearbetas och tillhandahålls öppet och fritt och presenteras även i form av användaranpassade tjänster. Copernicus har idag sex tematiska tjänster som tillgodoser data- och informationsbehov inom områdena klimat, hav, land och sötvatten, atmosfär, katastrofhantering och säkerhet. Tjänsterna kan anpassas efter lokala och regionala behov. Ett viktigt användningsområde för data från Copernicus är klimatanpassning. Programmets långsiktighet är en förutsättning för att kunna följa och analysera miljöns förändring över tid på ett tillförlitligt sätt och för att kunna ta fram underlag för välgrundade beslut. För att skapa samhällsnyttor krävs att programmets data och tjänster används i bred utsträckning av många användargrupper utifrån deras behov. Denna rapport hjälper användare inom klimatanpassning att upptäcka Copernicus och ger några konkreta exempel på hur programmet kan stödja just det svenska klimatanpassningsarbetet. Sverige täcks flera gånger i veckan av satelliter som mäter tillståndet i haven, på land och i atmosfären. De europeiska rymdorganisationerna ESA och Eumetsat har EU-kommissionens uppdrag att samla in, lagra och tillhandahålla satellitdata från Copernicus till grund för bred användning, forskning och datadriven innovation. All data över svenskt territorium länkas automatiskt över från ESA till det svenska satellitverktyget Swea (Rymdstyrelsen 2017). Swea har både ett webbgränssnitt och en portal med öppet applikationsprogrammeringsgränssnitt (API). Det är möjligt att utan kostnad söka, titta på och ladda hem data från Sentinelsatelliterna (Sentinel 1– 3) och även de amerikanska Landsat-satelliterna. Data i Swea är geokorrigerade efter svenska referenssystem, höjddatamodeller och kartprojektioner vilket gör det lätt för svenska användare att behandla satellitbilderna i olika Gis-verktyg och bildbehandlingsprogram. EU-kommissionen förbereder också en egen central datainfrastruktur - Copernicus Data and Information Access Services (DIAS). DIAS ska säkerställa snabb och säker tillgång till data och kommer även att erbjuda beräkningskapacitet för att bearbeta stora datamängder. Satellitbilder från Copernicus ger heltäckande och kontinuerlig information om tillstånd i miljön, infrastruktur och urbana områden. Detta gör det möjligt att detektera och följa långsiktiga trender såsom förändringar av vegetationen eller vattenmiljöer. Exempel på detta är skogsbranden i Västmanland 2014 då MSB tog hjälp av Copernicus tjänst för katastrofhantering för att få skräddarsydda lägesbilder och tolkningsunderlag över brandområdet. Ett annat exempel är torka där satellitbilder visar förändringar i växtligheten men även på områden som torrlagts som en följd av lågt vattenstånd. Det går även att få information om vattnets temperatur, algblomningar, klorofyll, suspenderat material och humusämnen vilket stödjer bedömningar av vattenkvaliteten.Projektet Nationella Marktäckedata (NMD) syftar till att skapa och förvalta information om landskapet och hur det förändras över tid (Naturvårdsverket 2017a). Data från detta projekt ska vara rikstäckande, uppdateras var femte år och vara jämförbar över tid. NMD kommer att användas som underlag för klimatanpassningsarbetet inom olika samhällssektorer i frågor som rör till exempel skyddad natur, urbana miljöer och brandrisker i skog och mark. Data och information av intresse för klimatanpassning tillhandahålls av flera tematiska tjänster inom Copernicus. Copernicus landtjänst tillhandahåller bland annat marktäckedata på europanivå samt högupplösta data för permanenta vattenförekomster, våtmarker, skog och hårdgjorda ytor. Data från Copernicus marina tjänst stödjer säkerheten för sjöfart, observation av kust- och havsmiljö, havsplanering, förvaltning av marina resurser samt väderprognoser, säsongsprognoser och klimatobservationer. Copernicus atmosfärstjänst erbjuder till exempel regelbundna beräkningar av atmosfärisk sammansättning, luftkvalitet och pollenhalter. Kombinationen av värmeböljor och dålig luftkvalitet kan orsaka stora problem i samhället, framförallt i urbana miljöer. Copernicus tjänst för katastrofhantering använder satellitbilder som huvuddatakälla och har världsomfattande täckning. I Sverige görs aktiveringen av tjänsten vid krisläge av MSB. Tjänsten för katastrofhantering är ett viktigt stöd för klimatanpassningen och har nyttjats av Sverige i samband med stormar, bränder och översvämningar. Copernicus klimattjänst använder miljö- och klimatövervakning från satellit och andra mätinstrument tillsammans med modeller av jordens atmosfär, hav, land, sötvatten och isar. Klimattjänsten kommer att stödja arbetet med minskad klimatpåverkan och speciellt klimatanpassning inom ett antal sektorer, däribland vattenförvaltning, planering för kustområden, jord- och skogsbruk, transport, energi, hälsa, naturmiljö och ekosystem, infrastruktur, riskminskning och katastrofer. EU:s jordobservationsprogram Copernicus erbjuder alltså en snabbt växande mängd data som kan stödja arbetet med klimatanpassning på olika sätt inom många områden. Rapporten förmedlar en kort och lättförståelig översikt över Copernicus och illustrerar användningen av programmet inom klimatanpassning med några enkla exempel. Mängden av data från Copernicus för klimatanpassningen kommer att öka och åtkomsten av data från Copernicus kommer samtidigt att förenklas. Detta kommer att förbättra förutsättningarna för användningen av Copernicus inom klimatanpassningen ytterligare. För att nå en ökad användning behövs dock även kunskapshöjande insatser, liksom kommunikationsåtgärder med goda exempel i linje med de behov och utmaningar som användare inom klimatanpassning möter. Det behövs även kompetensutveckling så att dagens användare, från myndigheter till forskning och näringsliv, kan dra nytta av Copernicus data och tjänster på ett enkelt sätt.
|
|
| 17. |
- Kälsch, Hagen, et al.
(författare)
-
Are air pollution and traffic noise independently associated with atherosclerosis : the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 35:13, s. 853-60
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Living close to high traffic has been linked to subclinical atherosclerosis, however it is not clear, whether fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution or noise, two important traffic-related exposures, are responsible for the association. We investigate the independent associations of long-term exposure to fine PM and road traffic noise with thoracic aortic calcification (TAC), a reliable measure of subclinical atherosclerosis.METHODS AND RESULTS: We used baseline data (2000-2003) from the German Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study, a population-based cohort of 4814 randomly selected participants. We assessed residential long-term exposure to PM with a chemistry transport model, and to road traffic noise using façade levels from noise models as weighted 24 h mean noise (Lden) and night-time noise (Lnight). Thoracic aortic calcification was quantified from non-contrast enhanced electron beam computed tomography. We used multiple linear regression to estimate associations of environmental exposures with ln(TAC+1), adjusting for each other, individual, and neighbourhood characteristics. In 4238 participants (mean age 60 years, 49.9% male), PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm) and Lnight are both associated with an increasing TAC-burden of 18.1% (95% CI: 6.6; 30.9%) per 2.4 µg/m(3) PM2.5 and 3.9% (95% CI 0.0; 8.0%) per 5dB(A) Lnight, respectively, in the full model and after mutual adjustment. We did not observe effect measure modification of the PM2.5 association by Lnight or vice versa.CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to fine PM and night-time traffic noise are both independently associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and may both contribute to the association of traffic proximity with atherosclerosis.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Lundgren, Markus, et al.
(författare)
-
Analgesic antipyretic use among young children in the TEDDY study : No association with islet autoimmunity
- 2017
-
Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 17:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of analgesic antipyretics (ANAP) in children have long been a matter of controversy. Data on their practical use on an individual level has, however, been scarce. There are indications of possible effects on glucose homeostasis and immune function related to the use of ANAP. The aim of this study was to analyze patterns of analgesic antipyretic use across the clinical centers of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) prospective cohort study and test if ANAP use was a risk factor for islet autoimmunity. Methods: Data were collected for 8542 children in the first 2.5 years of life. Incidence was analyzed using logistic regression with country and first child status as independent variables. Holm's procedure was used to adjust for multiplicity of intercountry comparisons. Time to autoantibody seroconversion was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model with cumulative analgesic use as primary time dependent covariate of interest. For each categorization, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used. Results: Higher prevalence of ANAP use was found in the U.S. (95.7%) and Sweden (94.8%) compared to Finland (78.1%) and Germany (80.2%). First-born children were more commonly given acetaminophen (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.07, 1.49; p = 0.007) but less commonly Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78, 0.95; p = 0.002). Acetaminophen and NSAID use in the absence of fever and infection was more prevalent in the U.S. (40.4%; 26.3% of doses) compared to Sweden, Finland and Germany (p < 0.001). Acetaminophen or NSAID use before age 2.5 years did not predict development of islet autoimmunity by age 6 years (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.09; p = 0.27). In a sub-analysis, acetaminophen use in children with fever weakly predicted development of islet autoimmunity by age 3 years (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09; p = 0.024). Conclusions: ANAP use in young children is not a risk factor for seroconversion by age 6 years. Use of ANAP is widespread in young children, and significantly higher in the U.S. compared to other study sites, where use is common also in absence of fever and infection.
|
|
| 20. |
- Marto, João Pedro, et al.
(författare)
-
Safety and Outcome of Revascularization Treatment in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and COVID-19: The Global COVID-19 Stroke Registry.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 100:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COVID-19-related inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulopathy may increase the bleeding risk and lower the efficacy of revascularization treatments in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aimed to evaluate the safety and outcomes of revascularization treatments in patients with AIS and COVID-19.This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients with AIS receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular treatment (EVT) between March 2020 and June 2021 tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. With a doubly robust model combining propensity score weighting and multivariate regression, we studied the association of COVID-19 with intracranial bleeding complications and clinical outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed according to treatment groups (IVT-only and EVT).Of a total of 15,128 included patients from 105 centers, 853 (5.6%) were diagnosed with COVID-19; of those, 5,848 (38.7%) patients received IVT-only and 9,280 (61.3%) EVT (with or without IVT). Patients with COVID-19 had a higher rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) (adjusted OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.16-2.01), symptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SSAH) (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.20-2.69), SICH and/or SSAH combined (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.23-1.99), 24-hour mortality (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.58-3.86), and 3-month mortality (OR 1.88; 95% CI 1.52-2.33). Patients with COVID-19 also had an unfavorable shift in the distribution of the modified Rankin score at 3 months (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.26-1.60).Patients with AIS and COVID-19 showed higher rates of intracranial bleeding complications and worse clinical outcomes after revascularization treatments than contemporaneous non-COVID-19 patients receiving treatment. Current available data do not allow direct conclusions to be drawn on the effectiveness of revascularization treatments in patients with COVID-19 or to establish different treatment recommendations in this subgroup of patients with ischemic stroke. Our findings can be taken into consideration for treatment decisions, patient monitoring, and establishing prognosis.The study was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04895462.
|
|
| 21. |
- Pranovich, Alina, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
-
Angular dependent reflectance spectroscopy of RGBW pigments
- 2022
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traditional printing relies primarily on subtractive color mixing techniques. In this case, optical color mixing is achieved by one of the established halftoning methods that use Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black (CMYK) primaries on a reflective white substrate. The reason behind the subtractive color mixing in printing is the high absorbance of available pigments used in inks. A new type of mica-based pigments that exhibit high reflectivity at Red, Green, Blue and White (RGBW) spectral bands was recently introduced by Merck (SpectravalTM). Printing with RGBW primaries on black background allows additive color mixing in prints. While offering excellent color depth, the reflected spectra of such pigments vary with the angles of incidence and observation. As a result, new approaches in modelling the appearance of prints as well as strategies for color separation and halftoning are needed. The prior optical characterization of the reflective inks is an essential first step. For this purpose, we have used SpectravalTM pigments to prepare acrylic based inks, which we applied on glass slides by screen printing. In this work, we measured the relative spectral bidirectional reflection distribution of Red, Green, Blue and White reflective inks. The measurements were conducted on an experimental set up consisting of a goniometer, spectrometer, and a xenon light source. Based on the measurements, we simulate the reflectance spectra under diffuse illumination and demonstrate ratios of red, green, and blue spectral components for different observation angles of individual inks and their combinations.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Satizabal, Claudia L., et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic architecture of subcortical brain structures in 38,851 individuals
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 51:11, s. 1624-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subcortical brain structures are integral to motion, consciousness, emotions and learning. We identified common genetic variation related to the volumes of the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, brainstem, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen and thalamus, using genome-wide association analyses in almost 40,000 individuals from CHARGE, ENIGMA and UK Biobank. We show that variability in subcortical volumes is heritable, and identify 48 significantly associated loci (40 novel at the time of analysis). Annotation of these loci by utilizing gene expression, methylation and neuropathological data identified 199 genes putatively implicated in neurodevelopment, synaptic signaling, axonal transport, apoptosis, inflammation/infection and susceptibility to neurological disorders. This set of genes is significantly enriched for Drosophila orthologs associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes, suggesting evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. Our findings uncover novel biology and potential drug targets underlying brain development and disease.
|
|
| 24. |
- Soliveres, Santiago, et al.
(författare)
-
Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 371:1694
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species diversity promotes the delivery of multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality). However, the relative functional importance of rare and common species in driving the biodiversity-multifunctionality relationship remains unknown. We studied the relationship between the diversity of rare and common species (according to their local abundances and across nine different trophic groups), and multifunctionality indices derived from 14 ecosystem functions on 150 grasslands across a land-use intensity (LUI) gradient. The diversity of above-and below-ground rare species had opposite effects, with rare above-ground species being associated with high levels of multifunctionality, probably because their effects on different functions did not trade off against each other. Conversely, common species were only related to average, not high, levels of multifunctionality, and their functional effects declined with LUI. Apart from the community-level effects of diversity, we found significant positive associations between the abundance of individual species and multifunctionality in 6% of the species tested. Species-specific functional effects were best predicted by their response to LUI: species that declined in abundance with land use intensification were those associated with higher levels of multifunctionality. Our results highlight the importance of rare species for ecosystem multifunctionality and help guiding future conservation priorities.
|
|
| 25. |
- Trujillo-Vazquez, Abigail, et al.
(författare)
-
Printing with tonalli : Reproducing Featherwork from Precolonial Mexico Using Structural Colorants
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Colorants. - 2079-6447. ; 2:4, s. 632-653
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two of the most significant cases of extant 16th-century featherwork from Mexico are the so-called Moctezuma’s headdress and the Ahuizotl shield. While the feathers used in these artworks exhibit lightfast colors, their assembly comprises mainly organic materials, which makes them extremely fragile. Printed media, including books, catalogs, educational materials, and fine copies, offer an accessible means for audiences to document and disseminate visual aspects of delicate cultural artifacts without risking their integrity. Nevertheless, the singular brightness and iridescent colors of feathers are difficult to communicate to the viewer in printed reproductions when traditional pigments are used. This research explores the use of effect pigments (multilayered reflective structures) and improved halftoning techniques for additive printing, with the objective of enhancing the reproduction of featherwork by capturing its changing color and improving texture representation via a screen printing process. The reproduced images of featherwork exhibit significant perceptual resemblances to the originals, primarily owing to the shared presence of structural coloration. We applied structure-aware halftoning to better represent the textural qualities of feathers without compromising the performance of effect pigments in the screen printing method. Our prints show angle-dependent color, although their gamut is reduced. The novelty of this work lies in the refinement of techniques for printing full-color images by additive printing, which can enhance the 2D representation of the appearance of culturally significant artifacts.
|
|
| 26. |
- Valente, Andre, et al.
(författare)
-
A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean-colour satellite applications
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 8:1, s. 235-252
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A compiled set of in situ data is important to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite-data records. Here we describe the data compiled for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The data were acquired from several sources (MOBY, BOUSSOLE, AERONET-OC, SeaBASS, NOMAD, MERMAID, AMT, ICES, HOT, GeP&CO), span between 1997 and 2012, and have a global distribution. Observations of the following variables were compiled: spectral remote-sensing reflectances, concentrations of chlorophyll a, spectral inherent optical properties and spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients. The data were from multi-project archives acquired via the open internet services or from individual projects, acquired directly from data providers. Methodologies were implemented for homogenisation, quality control and merging of all data. No changes were made to the original data, other than averaging of observations that were close in time and space, elimination of some points after quality control and conversion to a standard format. The final result is a merged table designed for validation of satellite-derived ocean-colour products and available in text format. Metadata of each in situ measurement (original source, cruise or experiment, principal investigator) were preserved throughout the work and made available in the final table. Using all the data in a validation exercise increases the number of matchups and enhances the representativeness of different marine regimes. By making available the metadata, it is also possible to analyse each set of data separately. The compiled data are available at doi: 10.1594/PANGAEA.854832 (Valente et al., 2015).
|
|
| 27. |
- Valente, André, et al.
(författare)
-
A compilation of global bio-optical in situ data for ocean-colour satellite applications - version two
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 11:3, s. 1037-1068
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A global compilation of in situ data is useful to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the data compiled for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The data were acquired from several sources (including, inter alia, MOBY, BOUSSOLE, AERONET-OC, SeaBASS, NOMAD, MERMAID, AMT, ICES, HOT and GeP&CO) and span the period from 1997 to 2018. Observations of the following variables were compiled: spectral remote-sensing reflectances, concentrations of chlorophyll a, spectral inherent optical properties, spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients and total suspended matter. The data were from multi-project archives acquired via open internet services or from individual projects, acquired directly from data providers. Methodologies were implemented for homogenization, quality control and merging of all data. No changes were made to the original data, other than averaging of observations that were close in time and space, elimination of some points after quality control and conversion to a standard format. The final result is a merged table designed for validation of satellite-derived ocean-colour products and available in text format. Metadata of each in situ measurement (original source, cruise or experiment, principal investigator) was propagated throughout the work and made available in the final table. By making the metadata available, provenance is better documented, and it is also possible to analyse each set of data separately. This paper also describes the changes that were made to the compilation in relation to the previous version (Valente et al., 2016). The compiled data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.898188 (Valente et al., 2019).
|
|
| 28. |
- Woehlk, Christian, et al.
(författare)
-
Allergen Immunotherapy Enhances Airway Epithelial Antiviral Immunity in Patients with Allergic Asthma (VITAL Study) : A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2023
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - 1535-4970. ; 207:9, s. 1161-1170
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Allergic asthma is linked to impaired bronchial epithelial secretion of IFNs, which may be causally linked to the increased risk of viral exacerbations. We have previously shown that allergen immunotherapy (AIT) effectively reduces asthma exacerbations and prevents respiratory infections requiring antibiotics; however, whether AIT alters antiviral immunity is still unknown. Objectives: To investigate the effect of house dust mite sublingual AIT (HDM-SLIT) on bronchial epithelial antiviral and inflammatory responses in patients with allergic asthma. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial (VITAL [The Effect of Allergen Immunotherapy on Anti-viral Immunity in Patients with Allergic Asthma]), adult patients with HDM allergic asthma received HDM-SLIT 12-SQ or placebo for 24 weeks. Bronchoscopy was performed at baseline and at Week 24, which included sampling for human bronchial epithelial cells. Human bronchial epithelial cells were cultured at baseline and at Week 24 and stimulated with the viral mimic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)). mRNA expression was quantified using qRT-PCR, and protein concentrations were measured using multiplex ELISA. Measurements and Main Results: Thirty-nine patients were randomized to HDM-SLIT (n = 20) or placebo (n = 19). HDM-SLIT resulted in increased polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid-induced expression of IFN-β at both the gene (P = 0.009) and protein (P = 0.02) levels. IFN-λ gene expression was also increased (P = 0.03), whereas IL-33 tended to be decreased (P = 0.09). On the other hand, proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 (P = 0.009) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) (P = 0.08) increased compared with baseline in the HDM-SLIT group. There were no significant changes in TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin), IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10. Conclusions: HDM-SLIT improves bronchial epithelial antiviral resistance to viral infection. These results potentially explain the efficacy of HDM-SLIT in reducing exacerbations in allergic asthma. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04100902).
|
|
