| 1. |
- Papadopoulos, N G, et al.
(författare)
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International consensus on (ICON) pediatric asthma.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 67:8, s. 976-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asthma is the most common chronic lower respiratory disease in childhood throughout the world. Several guidelines and/or consensus documents are available to support medical decisions on pediatric asthma. Although there is no doubt that the use of common systematic approaches for management can considerably improve outcomes, dissemination and implementation of these are still major challenges. Consequently, the International Collaboration in Asthma, Allergy and Immunology (iCAALL), recently formed by the EAACI, AAAAI, ACAAI, and WAO, has decided to propose an International Consensus on (ICON) Pediatric Asthma. The purpose of this document is to highlight the key messages that are common to many of the existing guidelines, while critically reviewing and commenting on any differences, thus providing a concise reference. The principles of pediatric asthma management are generally accepted. Overall, the treatment goal is disease control. To achieve this, patients and their parents should be educated to optimally manage the disease, in collaboration with healthcare professionals. Identification and avoidance of triggers is also of significant importance. Assessment and monitoring should be performed regularly to re-evaluate and fine-tune treatment. Pharmacotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment. The optimal use of medication can, in most cases, help patients control symptoms and reduce the risk for future morbidity. The management of exacerbations is a major consideration, independent of chronic treatment. There is a trend toward considering phenotype-specific treatment choices; however, this goal has not yet been achieved.
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| 2. |
- Weinstein, John N., et al.
(författare)
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The cancer genome atlas pan-cancer analysis project
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:10, s. 1113-1120
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network has profiled and analyzed large numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. The resulting rich data provide a major opportunity to develop an integrated picture of commonalities, differences and emergent themes across tumor lineages. The Pan-Cancer initiative compares the first 12 tumor types profiled by TCGA. Analysis of the molecular aberrations and their functional roles across tumor types will teach us how to extend therapies effective in one cancer type to others with a similar genomic profile. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Antel, C., et al.
(författare)
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Feebly-interacting particles : FIPs 2022 Workshop Report
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 83:12
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Particle physics today faces the challenge of explaining the mystery of dark matter, the origin of matter over anti-matter in the Universe, the origin of the neutrino masses, the apparent fine-tuning of the electro-weak scale, and many other aspects of fundamental physics. Perhaps the most striking frontier to emerge in the search for answers involves new physics at mass scales comparable to familiar matter, below the GeV-scale, or even radically below, down to sub-eV scales, and with very feeble interaction strength. New theoretical ideas to address dark matter and other fundamental questions predict such feebly interacting particles (FIPs) at these scales, and indeed, existing data provide numerous hints for such possibility. A vibrant experimental program to discover such physics is under way, guided by a systematic theoretical approach firmly grounded on the underlying principles of the Standard Model. This document represents the report of the FIPs 2022 workshop, held at CERN between the 17 and 21 October 2022 and aims to give an overview of these efforts, their motivations, and the decadal goals that animate the community involved in the search for FIPs.
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| 4. |
- Abraham, Roshan Mammen, et al.
(författare)
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Tau neutrinos in the next decade : from GeV to EeV
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 49:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tau neutrinos are the least studied particle in the standard model. This whitepaper discusses the current and expected upcoming status of tau neutrino physics with attention to the broad experimental and theoretical landscape spanning long-baseline, beam-dump, collider, and astrophysical experiments. This whitepaper was prepared as a part of the NuTau2021 Workshop.
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| 5. |
- Alimena, Juliette, et al.
(författare)
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Searching for long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 47:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) can generically have lifetimes that are long compared to SM particles at the weak scale. When produced at experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, these long-lived particles (LLPs) can decay far from the interaction vertex of the primary proton-proton collision. Such LLP signatures are distinct from those of promptly decaying particles that are targeted by the majority of searches for new physics at the LHC, often requiring customized techniques to identify, for example, significantly displaced decay vertices, tracks with atypical properties, and short track segments. Given their non-standard nature, a comprehensive overview of LLP signatures at the LHC is beneficial to ensure that possible avenues of the discovery of new physics are not overlooked. Here we report on the joint work of a community of theorists and experimentalists with the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb experiments-as well as those working on dedicated experiments such as MoEDAL, milliQan, MATHUSLA, CODEX-b, and FASER-to survey the current state of LLP searches at the LHC, and to chart a path for the development of LLP searches into the future, both in the upcoming Run 3 and at the high-luminosity LHC. The work is organized around the current and future potential capabilities of LHC experiments to generally discover new LLPs, and takes a signature-based approach to surveying classes of models that give rise to LLPs rather than emphasizing any particular theory motivation. We develop a set of simplified models; assess the coverage of current searches; document known, often unexpected backgrounds; explore the capabilities of proposed detector upgrades; provide recommendations for the presentation of search results; and look towards the newest frontiers, namely high-multiplicity 'dark showers', highlighting opportunities for expanding the LHC reach for these signals.
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| 6. |
- Cardenas, D. E., et al.
(författare)
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Sub-cycle dynamics in relativistic nanoplasma acceleration
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction of light with nanometer-sized solids provides the means of focusing optical radiation to sub-wavelength spatial scales with associated electric field enhancements offering new opportunities for multifaceted applications. We utilize collective effects in nanoplasmas with sub-two-cycle light pulses of extreme intensity to extend the waveform-dependent electron acceleration regime into the relativistic realm, by using 106 times higher intensity than previous works to date. Through irradiation of nanometric tungsten needles, we obtain multi-MeV energy electron bunches, whose energy and direction can be steered by the combined effect of the induced near-field and the laser field. We identified a two-step mechanism for the electron acceleration: (i) ejection within a sub-half-optical-cycle into the near-field from the target at >TVm−1 acceleration fields, and (ii) subsequent acceleration in vacuum by the intense laser field. Our observations raise the prospect of isolating and controlling relativistic attosecond electron bunches, and pave the way for next generation electron and photon sources.
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| 7. |
- de Haan, J. E. S., et al.
(författare)
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Stabilising system frequency using HVDC between the Continental European, Nordic, and Great Britain systems
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks. - : Elsevier. - 2352-4677. ; 5, s. 125-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For future efficiency improvement of the frequency containment process (primary control) within European power systems, cooperation between (multiple) synchronous areas using their controllable HVDC interconnections is optioned. However, the differences in system size, HVDC interconnection capacity, and the balancing performance per individual system will have its specific system frequency effect for each different balancing cooperation concept. Consequently, without alignment on cooperation, HVDC balancing might lead to disproportional support between systems, to frequency oscillations, reserve unreliability and non-compliancy, and to network constraints. Therefore, this work assesses frequency quality and associated DC power flows for several balancing arrangements, using a developed load-frequency control model with frequency interdependency for coupled power system. For a trilateral balancing cooperation case study, it is found that certain cooperation concepts result in undesired frequency oscillation and poor frequency quality. However, cooperation where especially fast-response services are shared, such as virtual inertia, show improved system frequency performance. For the case where power imbalances are proportionately distributed among the systems, it is concluded that power transfers over HVDC interconnections are limited and additional control optimisation can be performed. Those concepts with aligned central or coordinated control show best results for a future cooperation for balancing between synchronous areas.
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| 8. |
- Kling, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variations in the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor gene (HTR2A) are associated with rheumatoid arthritis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 67:8, s. 1111-1115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To analyse the association between the genetic polymorphisms within the HTR2A gene for the serotonin receptor and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).METHODS: HTR2A gene polymorphisms were analysed in patients with RA and controls from two study populations using PCR based restriction endonuclease mapping or TaqMan allelic discrimination with more than 4000 individuals included in the current study.RESULTS: At the discovery stage we detected significant differences in frequency of rs6313 (T102C polymorphism) between the patients with RA and controls (p = 0.006). Following validation with an extended set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and number of DNA samples, a trend in associations in allelic model for SNPs rs6314, rs1328674, rs6313 and rs6311 (p = 0.006, 0.002, 0.006, 0.009) was seen, although it was lost after correction for multi-comparison for all but rs1328674 (empirical p value = 0.021). However, haplotype frequency analysis based on these four SNPs showed significantly low representation of TCTT combination in patients with RA in comparison with controls (3.6% and 5.6%, p<0.001 on chi(2) test, empirical p = 0.004 after 100 000 permutations) and a significantly higher frequency of CTCC combination in patients with RA in comparison with controls (3.6% and 2.2%, p = 0.002 on chi(2) test, empirical p = 0.022 after 100 000 permutations).CONCLUSIONS: In our study, genetic polymorphisms at the HTR2A gene are associated with susceptibility for RA, suggesting possible links between the serotonergic system and development of the disease.
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| 9. |
- Persson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of eigenvalues obtained with two dynamic simulation software packages
- 2003
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Ingår i: 2003 IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference Proceedings. - : IEEE. - 0780379675
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eigenvalues of a power system give a good picture of the stability in the current operating point. In this paper the linear analysis capabilities of two software packages are evaluated and compared. It is shown in which way the linearization method influences the results, i.e., the location of the obtained eigenvalues in the complex plane. Further, the paper illustrates the impact of the models of the power system components (such as generators) on the location of the eigenvalues. The conclusions drawn from eigenvalue analysis are thus not only dependent on the properties of the investigated system, but also on the software package which is used, as well as on how the components of the power system are modeled. Therefore, conclusions can differ when studying the same power system with different software packages.
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| 10. |
- Schmidt, L., et al.
(författare)
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Comparative drug pair screening across multiple glioblastoma cell lines reveals novel drug-drug interactions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Neuro-Oncology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1522-8517 .- 1523-5866. ; 15:11, s. 1469-1478
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor in adults, and despite state-of-the-art treatment, survival remains poor and novel therapeutics are sorely needed. The aim of the present study was to identify new synergistic drug pairs for GBM. In addition, we aimed to explore differences in drug-drug interactions across multiple GBM-derived cell cultures and predict such differences by use of transcriptional biomarkers. We performed a screen in which we quantified drug-drug interactions for 465 drug pairs in each of the 5 GBM cell lines U87MG, U343MG, U373MG, A172, and T98G. Selected interactions were further tested using isobole-based analysis and validated in 5 glioma-initiating cell cultures. Furthermore, drug interactions were predicted using microarray-based transcriptional profiling in combination with statistical modeling. Of the 5 465 drug pairs, we could define a subset of drug pairs with strong interaction in both standard cell lines and glioma-initiating cell cultures. In particular, a subset of pairs involving the pharmaceutical compounds rimcazole, sertraline, pterostilbene, and gefitinib showed a strong interaction in a majority of the cell cultures tested. Statistical modeling of microarray and interaction data using sparse canonical correlation analysis revealed several predictive biomarkers, which we propose could be of importance in regulating drug pair responses. We identify novel candidate drug pairs for GBM and suggest possibilities to prospectively use transcriptional biomarkers to predict drug interactions in individual cases.
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| 11. |
- Tran, Thao Thanh, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of the master regulator of Listeria monocytogenes virulence enables bacterial clearance from spacious replication vacuoles in infected macrophages
- 2022
-
Ingår i: PLoS Pathogens. - : Public Library Science. - 1553-7366 .- 1553-7374. ; 18:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A hallmark of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes pathogenesis is bacterial escape from maturing entry vacuoles, which is required for rapid bacterial replication in the host cell cytoplasm and cell-to-cell spread. The bacterial transcriptional activator PrfA controls expression of key virulence factors that enable exploitation of this intracellular niche. The transcriptional activity of PrfA within infected host cells is controlled by allosteric coactivation. Inhibitory occupation of the coactivator site has been shown to impair PrfA functions, but consequences of PrfA inhibition for L. monocytogenes infection and pathogenesis are unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of PrfA with a small molecule inhibitor occupying the coactivator site at 2.0 Å resolution. Using molecular imaging and infection studies in macrophages, we demonstrate that PrfA inhibition prevents the vacuolar escape of L. monocytogenes and enables extensive bacterial replication inside spacious vacuoles. In contrast to previously described spacious Listeria-containing vacuoles, which have been implicated in supporting chronic infection, PrfA inhibition facilitated progressive clearance of intracellular L. monocytogenes from spacious vacuoles through lysosomal degradation. Thus, inhibitory occupation of the PrfA coactivator site facilitates formation of a transient intravacuolar L. monocytogenes replication niche that licenses macrophages to effectively eliminate intracellular bacteria. Our findings encourage further exploration of PrfA as a potential target for antimicrobials and highlight that intra-vacuolar residence of L. monocytogenes in macrophages is not inevitably tied to bacterial persistence.
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| 12. |
- Veisz, Laszlo, et al.
(författare)
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Sub-5-fs laser-driven nanophotonics in the relativistic intensity regime
- 2018
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Ingår i: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 9781557528209
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the interaction of nanometric tungsten targets with ultra-relativisticintensity sub-5-fs laser pulses. Electrons accelerated to multi-MeV energy with electric fields exceeding the TV/m range and dependence on the laser waveform (carrier-envelope phase) were observed.
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| 13. |
- Abbott, Benjamin W., et al.
(författare)
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Biomass offsets little or none of permafrost carbon release from soils, streams, and wildfire : an expert assessment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 11:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the permafrost region warms, its large organic carbon pool will be increasingly vulnerable to decomposition, combustion, and hydrologic export. Models predict that some portion of this release will be offset by increased production of Arctic and boreal biomass; however, the lack of robust estimates of net carbon balance increases the risk of further overshooting international emissions targets. Precise empirical or model-based assessments of the critical factors driving carbon balance are unlikely in the near future, so to address this gap, we present estimates from 98 permafrost-region experts of the response of biomass, wildfire, and hydrologic carbon flux to climate change. Results suggest that contrary to model projections, total permafrost-region biomass could decrease due to water stress and disturbance, factors that are not adequately incorporated in current models. Assessments indicate that end-of-the-century organic carbon release from Arctic rivers and collapsing coastlines could increase by 75% while carbon loss via burning could increase four-fold. Experts identified water balance, shifts in vegetation community, and permafrost degradation as the key sources of uncertainty in predicting future system response. In combination with previous findings, results suggest the permafrost region will become a carbon source to the atmosphere by 2100 regardless of warming scenario but that 65%-85% of permafrost carbon release can still be avoided if human emissions are actively reduced.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Anchordoqui, Luis A., et al.
(författare)
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The Forward Physics Facility : Sites, experiments, and physics potential
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 968, s. 1-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Forward Physics Facility (FPF) is a proposal to create a cavern with the space and infrastructure to support a suite of far-forward experiments at the Large Hadron Collider during the High Luminosity era. Located along the beam collision axis and shielded from the interaction point by at least 100 m of concrete and rock, the FPF will house experiments that will detect particles outside the acceptance of the existing large LHC experiments and will observe rare and exotic processes in an extremely low-background environment. In this work, we summarize the current status of plans for the FPF, including recent progress in civil engineering in identifying promising sites for the FPF and the experiments currently envisioned to realize the FPF's physics potential. We then review the many Standard Model and new physics topics that will be advanced by the FPF, including searches for long-lived particles, probes of dark matter and dark sectors, high-statistics studies of TeV neutrinos of all three flavors, aspects of perturbative and non-perturbative QCD, and high-energy astroparticle physics.
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| 16. |
- Armbrecht, L., et al.
(författare)
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Self-assembled magnetic bead chains for sensitivity enhancement of microfluidic electrochemical biosensor platforms
- 2015
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Ingår i: Lab on a Chip. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1473-0197 .- 1473-0189. ; 15:22, s. 4314-4321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present a novel approach to enhance the sensitivity of microfluidic biosensor platforms with self-assembled magnetic bead chains. An adjustable, more than 5-fold sensitivity enhancement is achieved by introducing a magnetic field gradient along a microfluidic channel by means of a soft-magnetic lattice with a 350 mu m spacing. The alternating magnetic field induces the self-assembly of the magnetic beads in chains or clusters and thus improves the perfusion and active contact between the analyte and the beads. The soft-magnetic lattices can be applied independent of the channel geometry or chip material to any microfluidic biosensing platform. At the same time, the bead-based approach achieves chip reusability and shortened measurement times. The bead chain properties and the maximum flow velocity for bead retention were validated by optical microscopy in a glass capillary. The magnetic actuation system was successfully validated with a biotin-streptavidin model assay on a low-cost electrochemical microfluidic chip, fabricated by dry-film photoresist technology (DFR). Labelling with glucose oxidase (GOx) permits rapid electrochemical detection of enzymatically produced H2O2.
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| 17. |
- Armbrecht, L., et al.
(författare)
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Signal amplification using magnetic bead chains in microfluidic electrochemical biosensors
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2015 Transducers - 2015 18th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. - : IEEE. - 9781479989553 ; , s. 1601-1604
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a novel approach to increase the sensitivity of microfluidic biosensor platforms using magnetic micro-bead chains. An almost 2-fold sensitivity enhancement is achieved by introducing a magnetic field gradient along a microfluidic channel by means of a soft-magnetic lattice with lattice spacings down to 100 μm. The magnetic field gradient induces self-assembly of the magnetic beads in chains or clusters and thus improves the active contact between analyte and beads. This facile strategy significantly increases the active bead surface while allowing for complete independence of traditional biosensor materials and channel geometries, chip-reusability and shortened measurement times. Bead chain properties were validated with optical microscopy in a glass capillary and with electrochemical measurements via glucose oxidase (GOx) labels on an integrated microfluidic chip fabricated in dry-film photo resist technology (DFR).
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Elkington, Katherine, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced-Order Modelling of Wind Turbines
- 2012. - 2
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Ingår i: Wind Power in Power Systems. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 9780470974162 ; , s. 821-847
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter power system dynamics simulation(PSDS) isused to study the dynamics of large-scale power systems. It is necessary to incorporate models of wind turbine generating systems into PSDS software packages in order to analyse the impact of high wind power penetration on electrical power systems. These models need to match the assumptions and simplifications applied in this type of simulation. This chapter presents models that can be used to represent wind turbines in PSDSs. We give a brief introduction to PSDS, and describe the three main wind turbine types and the assumptions on which they are modelled. We then present the models of the various subsystems of each of the most important current wind turbine types are then presented. The response of the models to a simulated wind speed sequence is then shown.
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| 20. |
- Gudmundsson, David, et al.
(författare)
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Chaplains and Pastoral Care in the Swedish Army
- 2015
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Ingår i: Great Northern War Compendium. Volume One. - St. Louis (Miss.) : THGC Publishing. - 9780996455701 ; , s. 193-196
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Kling, A., et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemical microfluidic platform for simultaneous multi-analyte detection
- 2015
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Ingår i: Eurosensors 2015. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 916-919
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an electrochemical lab-on-a-chip (LOC) platform for the simultaneous detection of up to four different analytes. The possibility to separately immobilize different assays in a channel network, without active valves, was successfully demonstrated using a model assay linked to glucose oxidase. This enables the detection of various analytes even with different assay formats. For the assay immobilization, the channel surface, made out of dry film photoresist (DFR), could be activated by means of EDC/NHS-linker chemistry and used for the covalent binding of primary amines. Cross-sensitivity due to diffusion within the channel network could be experimentally excluded.
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| 27. |
- Kling, Peter, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Gender-specific proteomic responses in zebrafish liver following exposure to a selected mixture of brominated flame retardants
- 2008
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Ingår i: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. - : Elsevier Inc. - 1090-2414 .- 0147-6513. ; 71:2, s. 319-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteomic effect screening in zebrafish liver was performed to generate hypotheses following exposure (21 days) to a structurally diverse mixture of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Fish were exposed to two doses (10 and 100 nmol/g feed). Two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis, image analysis and MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry revealed 13 and 19 significant responses in males and females, respectively. Effects on proteins related to cellular maintenance and stress were observed in both genders. Regulated proteins were gender-specific, but functionally indicated common protective responses (peroxiredoxin 6 and Zgc:92891 in males and transketolase in females) suggesting oxidative stress. Betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) was induced in both genders. In addition a female-specific downregulation of ironhomeostatic proteins (iron-regulatory protein 1 and transferrin) were observed. Our proteomic approach revealed novel responses that suggest important gender-specific sensitivity to BFRs that should be considered when interpreting adverse effects of BFRs.
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| 28. |
- Kling, S., et al.
(författare)
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Moderate haemophilia B in a female carrier caused by preferential inactivation of the paternal X chromosome
- 1991
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Ingår i: European Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609. ; 47:4, s. 257-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The case of a female with moderate haemophilia B is reported. She is the only affected member of her family, and factor IX RFLP analysis shows her to have inherited no maternal markers for polymorphisms located in the first intron and 8 Kb 3' of the polyadenylation signal (DdeI and HhaI, respectively). This clearly indicates a deletion involving at least the last 7 exons of the factor IX gene. Her other factor IX gene inherited from her healthy father is normal as her son is also healthy. This suggests the patient's haemophilia to be due to gross bias in the proportion of factor IX-producing cells with an inactive paternal X chromosome. Methylation studies on the 5' region of the PGK gene show that virtually all the patient's lymphocytes carry a hypermethylated and presumably an inactive paternal X chromosome. The reason for this bias in the activity of her two X chromosomes is not clear, as no chromosomal alterations were found.
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| 29. |
- Koren, O., et al.
(författare)
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Host Remodeling of the Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Changes during Pregnancy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674. ; 150:3, s. 470-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many of the immune and metabolic changes occurring during normal pregnancy also describe metabolic syndrome. Gut microbiota can cause symptoms of metabolic syndrome in nonpregnant hosts. Here, to explore their role in pregnancy, we characterized fecal bacteria of 91 pregnant women of varying prepregnancy BMIs and gestational diabetes status and their infants. Similarities between infant-mother microbiotas increased with children's age, and the infant microbiota was unaffected by mother's health status. Gut microbiota changed dramatically from first (T1) to third (T3) trimesters, with vast expansion of diversity between mothers, an overall increase in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and reduced richness. T3 stool showed strongest signs of inflammation and energy loss; however, microbiome gene repertoires were constant between trimesters. When transferred to germ-free mice, T3 microbiota induced greater adiposity and insulin insensitivity compared to T1. Our findings indicate that host-microbial interactions that impact host metabolism can occur and may be beneficial in pregnancy.
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| 30. |
- Mincheva-Nilsson, Lucia, et al.
(författare)
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Gamma delta T cells of human early pregnancy decidua : evidence for local proliferation, phenotypic heterogeneity, and extrathymic differentiation.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 159:7, s. 3266-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The uterine mucosa in pregnancy, the decidua, allows placenta formation and survival of the fetus despite the fact that it is semiallogeneic. Decidua contains large numbers of lymphocytes, of which CD56+ cells dominate, followed by T cells expressing either alpha beta or gamma delta TCR. We have investigated the developmental relationship between the CD56- and TCR gamma delta-expressing cells in early pregnancy decidua using dual labeling immunoelectron microscopy, immunoflow cytometry, and cell fractionation. Lymphocyte subpopulations were, in addition, analyzed for expression of the cytokine receptor for IL-7 and c-kit and for mRNA expression of recombinase-activating genes 1 and 2. Four different cell populations could be distinguished: CD56+bright, CD56+dim/TCR gamma delta+low, CD56+dim/TCR gamma delta+high, and TCR gamma delta+low. Recombinase-activating genes 1 and 2 were expressed in the CD56+bright cells and to a limited degree in CD56+dim/TCR gamma delta+low cells. c-kit was preferentially expressed on the CD56+bright cells, while IL-7R was preferentially expressed on CD56+dim/TCR gamma delta+low and CD56+dim/TCR gamma delta+high cells. The CD56+dim TCR gamma delta+low and CD56+dim/TCR gamma delta+high cells displayed the characteristic morphology of large granular lymphocytes, while single positive TCR gamma delta+low cells were usually smaller and did not contain cytoplasmic granules. The gamma delta 1 gene segment was almost exclusively used in the TCR. Gamma delta T cells in mitosis were seen. We suggest that human early pregnancy decidua is a transient site for extrathymic maturation and that the progenitors of TCR gamma delta+ cells are bone marrow-derived immature cells expressing the CD56 (neural cell adhesion molecule) homing receptor.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- O'Bryant, S. E., et al.
(författare)
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Comparing biological markers of Alzheimer's disease across blood fraction and platforms: Comparing apples to oranges
- 2016
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 3, s. 27-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: This study investigated the comparability of potential Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers across blood fractions and assay platforms. Methods: Nonfasting serum and plasma samples from 300 participants (150 AD patients and 150 controls) were analyzed. Proteomic markers were obtained via electrochemiluminescence or Luminex technology. Comparisons were conducted via Pearson correlations. The relative importance of proteins within an AD diagnostic profile was examined using random forest importance plots. Results: On the Meso Scale Discovery multiplex platform, 10 of the 21 markers shared >50% of the variance across blood fractions (serum amyloid A R2 = 0.99, interleukin (IL)10 R2 = 0.95, fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) R2 = 0.94, I309 R2 = 0.94, IL-5 R2 = 0.94, IL-6 R2 = 0.94, eotaxin3 R2 = 0.91, IL-18 R2 = 0.87, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 R2 = 0.85, and pancreatic polypeptide R2 = 0.81). When examining protein concentrations across platforms, only five markers shared >50% of the variance (beta 2 microglobulin R2 = 0.92, IL-18 R2 = 0.80, factor VII R2 = 0.78, CRP R2 = 0.74, and FABP R2 = 0.70). Discussion: The current findings highlight the importance of considering blood fractions and assay platforms when searching for AD relevant biomarkers. © 2016 The Authors.
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| 34. |
- Persson, Marta, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Clinically significant copy number alterations and complex rearrangements of MYB and NFIB in head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Genes, chromosomes & cancer. - : Wiley. - 1098-2264 .- 1045-2257. ; 51:8, s. 805-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck is a malignant tumor with poor long-term prognosis. Besides the recently identified MYB-NFIB fusion oncogene generated by a t(6;9) translocation, little is known about other genetic alterations in ACC. Using high-resolution, array-based comparative genomic hybridization, and massively paired-end sequencing, we explored genomic alterations in 40 frozen ACCs. Eighty-six percent of the tumors expressed MYB-NFIB fusion transcripts and 97% overexpressed MYB mRNA, indicating that MYB activation is a hallmark of ACC. Thirty-five recurrent copy number alterations (CNAs) were detected, including losses involving 12q, 6q, 9p, 11q, 14q, 1p, and 5q and gains involving 1q, 9p, and 22q. Grade III tumors had on average a significantly higher number of CNAs/tumor compared to Grade I and II tumors (P = 0.007). Losses of 1p, 6q, and 15q were associated with high-grade tumors, whereas losses of 14q were exclusively seen in Grade I tumors. The t(6;9) rearrangements were associated with a complex pattern of breakpoints, deletions, insertions, inversions, and for 9p also gains. Analyses of fusion-negative ACCs using high-resolution arrays and massively paired-end sequencing revealed that MYB may also be deregulated by other mechanisms in addition to gene fusion. Our studies also identified several down-regulated candidate tumor suppressor genes (CTNNBIP1, CASP9, PRDM2, and SFN) in 1p36.33-p35.3 that may be of clinical significance in high-grade tumors. Further, studies of these and other potential target genes may lead to the identification of novel driver genes in ACC.
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| 35. |
- Sansone, G., et al.
(författare)
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Electron localization following attosecond molecular photoionization
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 465:7299, s. 3-763
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the past several decades, we have been able to directly probe the motion of atoms that is associated with chemical transformations and which occurs on the femtosecond (10(-15)-s) timescale. However, studying the inner workings of atoms and molecules on the electronic timescale(1-4) has become possible only with the recent development of isolated attosecond (10(-18)-s) laser pulses(5). Such pulses have been used to investigate atomic photoexcitation and photoionization(6,7) and electron dynamics in solids(8), and in molecules could help explore the prompt charge redistribution and localization that accompany photoexcitation processes. In recent work, the dissociative ionization of H-2 and D-2 was monitored on femtosecond timescales(9) and controlled using few-cycle near-infrared laser pulses(10). Here we report a molecular attosecond pump-probe experiment based on that work: H-2 and D-2 are dissociatively ionized by a sequence comprising an isolated attosecond ultraviolet pulse and an intense few-cycle infrared pulse, and a localization of the electronic charge distribution within the molecule is measured that depends-with attosecond time resolution-on the delay between the pump and probe pulses. The localization occurs by means of two mechanisms, where the infrared laser influences the photoionization or the dissociation of the molecular ion. In the first case, charge localization arises from quantum mechanical interference involving autoionizing states and the laser-altered wavefunction of the departing electron. In the second case, charge localization arises owing to laser-driven population transfer between different electronic states of the molecular ion. These results establish attosecond pump-probe strategies as a powerful tool for investigating the complex molecular dynamics that result from the coupling between electronic and nuclear motions beyond the usual Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
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| 36. |
- Seidel, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Drug information sources in professional work-a questionnaire study on physicians' usage and preferences (the drug information study)
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer Nature. - 0031-6970 .- 1432-1041. ; 79, s. 767-774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThis study aimed to explore physicians' use of drug information in professional work, with special focus on those working in primary care, and also in relation to personal characteristics of physicians.MethodsA web-based questionnaire was distributed by e-mail to physicians in five regions in Sweden. The questions concerned drug-related queries at issue when searching for information, sources used, and factors of importance for the choice of source, as well as responder characteristics.ResultsA total of 3254 (85%) out of 3814 responding physicians stated that they searched for drug information every week. For physicians working in primary health care, the corresponding number was 585 (96%). The most common drug-related issues searched for by 76% of physicians every week concerned pharmacotherapeutic aspects (e.g., dosing), followed by adverse drug reactions (63%). For 3349 (88%) physicians, credibility was the most important factor for the choice of sources of drug information, followed by easy access online (n = 3127, 82%). Further analyses among physicians in primary care showed that some personal characteristics, like seniority, sex, and country of education, as well as research experience, were associated with usage and preferences of drug information sources.ConclusionsThis study confirms that physicians often use drug information sources in professional work, in particular those who work in primary health care. Credibility and easy access are key factors for usage. Among physicians in primary care, personal factors influenced the choice of drug information sources.
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| 37. |
- Söder, Lennart, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Wind power grid integration : The European experience
- 2011
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Ingår i: Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC 2011).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Europe currently holds the largest installed capacity of wind power plants of all continents. Over decades of development, significant adaptations have been implemented to integrate wind turbines into the electricalpower system. Wind power research has been accelerated by the need to maintain grid performance and reliability in the face of the exponential deployment of wind turbines. This paper explains the basic requirements and principles in grid codes, modeling, reserves, forecasting, system planning, and operation, and relates how experience especially in Europe has led to new practices and new research.
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| 38. |
- Trubetskaya, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization and reactivity of soot from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic compounds and monolignols
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 212, s. 1489-1500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents the effect of lignocellulosic compounds and monolignols on the yield, nanostructure and reactivity of soot generated at 1250 °C in a drop tube furnace. The structure of soot was characterized by electron microscopy techniques, Raman spectroscopy and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The CO2 reactivity of soot was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Soot from cellulose was more reactive than soot produced from extractives, lignin and monolignols. Soot reactivity was correlated with the separation distances between adjacent graphene layers, as measured using transmission electron microscopy. Particle size, free radical concentration, differences in a degree of curvature and multi-core structures influenced the soot reactivity less than the interlayer separation distances. Soot yield was correlated with the lignin content of the feedstock. The selection of the extraction solvent had a strong influence on the soot reactivity. The Soxhlet extraction of softwood and wheat straw lignin soot using methanol decreased the soot reactivity, whereas acetone extraction had only a modest effect.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Trubetskaya, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Supercritical extraction and microwave activation of wood wastes for enhanced syngas production and generation of fullerene-like soot particles
- 2021
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Ingår i: Fuel processing technology. - : Elsevier. - 0378-3820 .- 1873-7188. ; 212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work demonstrated that supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is effective as a pre-treatment technology to generate soot particles with the fullerene-like structure and increase syngas yield from extracted residues during coupled microwave activation with gasification. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction removes over half of the fatty and resin acids from needles and branches, whereas the extraction of needles generates greater yields of value-added compounds. The high yields of extractives indicate the effective conversion of waste wood for the sustainable production of value-added chemicals. The wood extraction did not influence the solid residue yields during pyrolysis/gasification emphasizing the significant potential of integrating the extraction process into the holistic biorefinery. Interestingly, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction had a significant effect on the structure and quality of soot particles formed. The differences in the extractives composition led to the formation of needle soot particles with a porous and less ordered nanostructure, whereas the soot branches obtained a ring graphitic structure. The greater yields of steroids and terpenes during the extraction of needles compared to the branches pretreatment indicated the influence of the extractives type on the soot nanostructure. © 2020 The Author(s)
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