| 1. |
- Thill, Serge, et al.
(författare)
-
Driver adherence to recommendations from support systems improves if the systems explain why they are given : A simulator study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 56, s. 420-435
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a large-scale simulator study on driver adherence to recommendations given by driver support systems, specifically eco-driving support and navigation support. 123 participants took part in this study, and drove a vehicle simulator through a pre-defined environment for a duration of approximately 10 min. Depending on the experimental condition, participants were either given no eco-driving recommendations, or a system whose provided support was either basic (recommendations were given in the form of an icon displayed in a manner that simulates a heads-up display) or informative (the system additionally displayed a line of text justifying its recommendations). A navigation system that likewise provided either basic or informative support, depending on the condition, was also provided. Effects are measured in terms of estimated simulated fuel savings as well as engine braking/coasting behaviour and gear change efficiency. Results indicate improvements in all variables. In particular, participants who had the support of an eco-driving system spent a significantly higher proportion of the time coasting. Participants also changed gears at lower engine RPM when using an eco-driving support system, and significantly more so when the system provided justifications. Overall, the results support the notion that providing reasons why a support system puts forward a certain recommendation improves adherence to it over mere presentation of the recommendation. Finally, results indicate that participants’ driving style was less eco-friendly if the navigation system provided justifications but the eco-system did not. This may be due to participants considering the two systems as one whole rather than separate entities with individual merits. This has implications for how to design and evaluate a given driver support system since its effectiveness may depend on the performance of other systems in the vehicle.
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Hello human, can you read my mind?
- 2017
-
Ingår i: ERCIM News. - Sophia Antipolis Cedex : European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics (ERCIM). - 0926-4981 .- 1564-0094. ; :109, s. 36-37
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For safety reasons, autonomous vehicles should communicate their intent rather than explicitly invite people to act. At RISE Viktoria in Sweden, we believe this simple design principle will impact how autonomous vehicles are experienced in the future.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bonagas, Nadilly, et al.
(författare)
-
Pharmacological targeting of MTHFD2 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by inducing thymidine depletion and replication stress
- 2022
-
Ingår i: NATURE CANCER. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-1347. ; 3:2, s. 156-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The folate metabolism enzyme MTHFD2 (methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase) is consistently overexpressed in cancer but its roles are not fully characterized, and current candidate inhibitors have limited potency for clinical development. In the present study, we demonstrate a role for MTHFD2 in DNA replication and genomic stability in cancer cells, and perform a drug screen to identify potent and selective nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitors; protein cocrystal structures demonstrated binding to the active site of MTHFD2 and target engagement. MTHFD2 inhibitors reduced replication fork speed and induced replication stress followed by S-phase arrest and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo, with a therapeutic window spanning four orders of magnitude compared with nontumorigenic cells. Mechanistically, MTHFD2 inhibitors prevented thymidine production leading to misincorporation of uracil into DNA and replication stress. Overall, these results demonstrate a functional link between MTHFD2-dependent cancer metabolism and replication stress that can be exploited therapeutically with this new class of inhibitors. Helleday and colleagues describe a nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitor that causes replication stress and DNA damage accumulation in cancer cells via thymidine depletion, demonstrating a potential therapeutic strategy in AML tumors in vivo.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bout, Martijn, et al.
(författare)
-
A head-mounted display to support teleoperations of shared automated vehicles
- 2017
-
Ingår i: AutomotiveUI 2017 - 9th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Adjunct Proceedings. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. - 9781450351515 ; , s. 62-66
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automated driving systems will be severely challenged in the unpredictable conditions of mixed traffic. Consequently, some form of human support remains essential in the foreseeable future. This challenge is especially true for Shared Automated Vehicles (SAVs), as these vehicles will likely not include any human driver on-board. When an SAV will encounter a scenario it cannot handle, a remote human operator will need to intervene and help the vehicle and its passengers. In this study a user-centred design approach is used to study whether a Head-Mounted Display (HMD) interface can support such operators and provide them with additional spatial awareness. Two prototypes (an HMD and a computer display) are developed and evaluated using pre-recorded real-world scenarios. Twelve participants assessed three possible scenarios a remote operator may encounter. Among participants, the study found evidence of strong implicit spatial awareness when using an HMD interface.
|
|
| 5. |
- Böckle, Marc-Philipp, et al.
(författare)
-
SAV2P - Exploring the impact of an interface for shared automated vehicles on pedestrians' experience
- 2017
-
Ingår i: AutomotiveUI 2017 - 9th International ACM Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Adjunct Proceedings. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450351515 - 9781450351508 ; , s. 136-140
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study future communication needs between pedestrians and shared automated vehicles (SAVs), an interface that communicates the intentions of SAVs to pedestrians was designed and implemented in a virtual reality (VR) environment. This enabled the exploration of behaviors and experiences of 34 pedestrians when encountering SAVs, both with and without the interface, in several street crossing situations. All pedestrians assessed the level of perceived safety and comfort directly after each encounter with the SAV. The results show that the pedestrians' level of perceived safety and comfort is higher in encounters with the interface than in encounters without the interface. This may have a positive influence on the acceptance of SAVs, and implies that future SAVs may gain from this, or similar interface.
|
|
| 6. |
- Dey, Debargha, et al.
(författare)
-
Workshop on Methodology : Evaluating Interactions Between Automated Vehicles and Other Road Users—What Works in Practice?
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450359474 ; , s. 17-22
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methods and metrics for studying interactions between automated vehicles and other road users in their vicinity, such as pedestrians, cyclists and non-automated vehicles, are not established yet. This workshop focuses on identifying the strengths and weaknesses of various methodologies that could potentially be used to study such interactions. The objective lies in determining the proper experimental design, sensitivity of metrics for measuring user behavior, ecological validity, generalizability of findings, extraction of insights regarding how findings can be translated into actionable requirements, and the alternatives for conducting longitudinal field studies. It will be of an interactive nature and involve hands-on activities. The workshop will consolidate existing knowledge, identify recurring issues, and explore the path towards resolving these issues. The outcome will be compiled into a paper to share this valuable knowledge with a broader research community.
|
|
| 7. |
- Giordanetto, Fabrizio, et al.
(författare)
-
Design of Selective sPLA2-X Inhibitor (-)-2-{2-[Carbamoyl-6-(trifluoromethoxy)-1 H-indol-1-yl]pyridine-2-yl}propanoic Acid
- 2018
-
Ingår i: ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society. - 1948-5875. ; 9:7, s. 600-605
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A lead generation campaign identified indole-based sPLA2-X inhibitors with a promising selectivity profile against other sPLA2 isoforms. Further optimization of sPLA2 selectivity and metabolic stability resulted in the design of (-)-17, a novel, potent, and selective sPLA2-X inhibitor with an exquisite pharmacokinetic profile characterized by high absorption and low clearance, and low toxicological risk. Compound (-)-17 was tested in an ApoE-/- murine model of atherosclerosis to evaluate the effect of reversible, pharmacological sPLA2-X inhibition on atherosclerosis development. Despite being well tolerated and achieving adequate systemic exposure of mechanistic relevance, (-)-17 did not significantly affect circulating lipid and lipoprotein biomarkers and had no effect on coronary function or histological markers of atherosclerosis.
|
|
| 8. |
- Habibovic, Azra, et al.
(författare)
-
Communicating Intent of Automated Vehicles to Pedestrians.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - Lausanne : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While traffic signals, signs, and road markings provide explicit guidelines for those operating in and around the roadways, some decisions, such as determinations of "who will go first," are made by implicit negotiations between road users. In such situations, pedestrians are today often dependent on cues in drivers' behavior such as eye contact, postures, and gestures. With the introduction of more automated functions and the transfer of control from the driver to the vehicle, pedestrians cannot rely on such non-verbal cues anymore. To study how the interaction between pedestrians and automated vehicles (AVs) might look like in the future, and how this might be affected if AVs were to communicate their intent to pedestrians, we designed an external vehicle interface called automated vehicle interaction principle (AVIP) that communicates vehicles' mode and intent to pedestrians. The interaction was explored in two experiments using a Wizard of Oz approach to simulate automated driving. The first experiment was carried out at a zebra crossing and involved nine pedestrians. While it focused mainly on assessing the usability of the interface, it also revealed initial indications related to pedestrians' emotions and perceived safety when encountering an AV with/without the interface. The second experiment was carried out in a parking lot and involved 24 pedestrians, which enabled a more detailed assessment of pedestrians' perceived safety when encountering an AV, both with and without the interface. For comparison purposes, these pedestrians also encountered a conventional vehicle. After a short training course, the interface was deemed easy for the pedestrians to interpret. The pedestrians stated that they felt significantly less safe when they encountered the AV without the interface, compared to the conventional vehicle and the AV with the interface. This suggests that the interface could contribute to a positive experience and improved perceived safety in pedestrian encounters with AVs - something that might be important for general acceptance of AVs. As such, this topic should be further investigated in future studies involving a larger sample and more dynamic conditions.
|
|
| 9. |
- Habibovic, Azra, et al.
(författare)
-
External Vehicle Interfaces for Communication with Other Road Users?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Road Vehicle Automation 5. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319948959 - 9783319948966 ; , s. 91-102
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How to ensure trust and societal acceptance of automated vehicles (AVs) is a widely-discussed topic today. While trust and acceptance could be influenced by a range of factors, one thing is sure: the ability of AVs to safely and smoothly interact with other road users will play a key role. Based on our experiences from a series of studies, this paper elaborates on issues that AVs may face in interactions with other road users and whether external vehicle interfaces could support these interactions. Our overall conclusion is that such interfaces may be beneficial in situations where negotiation is needed. However, these benefits, and potential drawbacks, need to be further explored to create a common language, or standard, for how AVs should communicate with other road users.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Habibovic, Azra, et al.
(författare)
-
Let’s communicate: How to operate in harmony with automated vehicles
- 2017
-
Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- With autonomous cars on the road, not only will occupants need to communicate with their cars: pedestrians and autonomous vehicles will need to understand each other too. This article examines the vehicle HMI for road users other than the driver and passengers.
|
|
| 12. |
- Johansson, Ronnie, et al.
(författare)
-
On the Definition and Scope of Information Fusion as a Field of Research
- 2022
-
Ingår i: ISIF Perspectives on Information Fusion. - : International Society of Information Fusion (ISIF). - 2831-4824 .- 2831-4832. ; 5:1, s. 3-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A definition of information fusion (IF) as a field of research can benefit researchers within the field, who may use such a definition when motivating their own work and evaluating the contributions of others. Moreover, it can enable researchers and practitioners outside the field to more easily relate their own work to the field and more easily understand the scope of IF techniques and methods. Based on strengths and weaknesses of existing definitions, a definition is proposed that is argued to effectively fulfill the requirements that can be put on a definition of IF as a field of research. Although the proposed definition aims to be precise, it does not fully capture the richness and versatility of the IF field. To address that limitation, we highlight some topics to explore the scope of IF, covering the systems perspective of IF and its relation to ma-chine learning, optimization, robot behavior, opinion aggregation, and databases.
|
|
| 13. |
- Kjeldgård, Linnea, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sickness absence and disability pension among injured working-aged pedestrians - a population-based Swedish register study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The knowledge is scarce about sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) among pedestrians injured in a traffic-related accident, including falls. Thus, the aim was to explore the frequencies of types of accidents and injuries and their association with SA and DP among working-aged individuals. Methods: A nationwide register-based study, including all individuals aged 16-64 and living in Sweden, who in 2010 had in- or specialized outpatient healthcare after a new traffic-related accident as a pedestrian. Information on age, sex, sociodemographics, SA, DP, type of accident, injury type, and injured body region was used. Frequencies of pedestrians with no SA or DP, with ongoing SA or full-time DP already at the time of the accident, and with a new SA spell >14 days in connection to the accident were analyzed. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for new SA were estimated by logistic regression. Results: In total, 5576 pedestrians received healthcare due to a traffic-related accident (of which 75% were falls, with half of the falls related to snow and ice). At the time of the accident, 7.5% were already on SA and 10.8% on full-time DP, while 20% started a new SA spell. The most common types of injuries were fractures (45%) and external injuries (30%). The body region most frequently injured was the lower leg, ankle, foot, and other (in total 26%). Older individuals had a higher OR for new SA compared with younger (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.44-2.53, for ages: 45-54 vs. 25-34). The injury type with the highest OR for new SA, compared with the reference group external injuries, was fractures (9.58; 7.39-12.43). The injured body region with the highest OR for new SA, compared with the reference group head, face, and neck, was lower leg, ankle, foot, and other (4.52; 2.78-7.36). Conclusions: In this explorative nationwide study of the working-aged pedestrians injured in traffic-related accidents including falls, one fifth started a new SA spell >14 days. Fractures, internal injuries, collisions with motor vehicle, and falls related to snow and ice had the strongest associations with new SA.
|
|
| 14. |
- Klingegård, Maria
(författare)
-
CLOUDIA : Enabling efficient search for interesting traffic events in large volumes of high-resolution data
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Sammanställning av postrar från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- New search tool finds the valuable needles in the data haystackFinding the relevant data snippets relating to specific traffic events among many petabytes of driving data can be a difficult challenge. Driving data from specific traffic events, such as ”a car overtaking a truck on a rural road”, are useful for training, testing and validating new systems. Real driving data is an important asset when developing and validating new advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and Autonomous Driving (AD). Project CLOUDIA has developed a generic method for defining any traffic event and making it easy to find in large volumes of high-resolution driving data.
|
|
| 15. |
- Klingegård, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
En enkät och olycksanalysstudie : föräldrars attityder och kunskap om olycksrisker med A-traktorer
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 293-293
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Antalet A-traktorer (tidigare EPA-traktor) har ökat de senaste åren i och med de förändrade lagkraven som möjliggjort enklare ombyggnation av modernare bilar. A-traktorer blir därmed en alltmer vanlig syn i vår trafikmiljö. Genom att fordonen endast tillåts köra i 30 km/h, inte har samma körkortskrav som personbilar och vänder sig till en yngre målgrupp, så bidrar de till en förändrad trafikmiljö. Det finns anledning att fördjupa sig i hur dessa fordon används, varför olyckor med dessa fordon uppstår och hur personskadebilden ser ut. Folksam jobbar för att förebygga personskador med A-traktorer. Folksam har detta arbete genomfört en olycksanalys på försäkringsdata (2021) och nu skickat ut en enkät riktad till föräldrar med ungdom som kör A-traktor. Detta för att identifiera kunskapsluckor samt vanliga missuppfattningar och därmed eventuella kommunikationsbehov för en ökad trafiksäkerhet. Enkäten har skickats ut till de försäkringstagare som är 35 år eller äldre och har en tecknad A-traktorförsäkring i sitt hushåll under första halvan av 2023 (oberoende om en olycka rapporterats eller ej). Enkäten skickas till totalt cirka 3500 respondenter. Enkäten syftade till att fånga attityder och kunskap om olycksrisker med A-traktor. Enkätfrågor har baserats på resultatet från genomförd olycksanalys (2021). Olycksanalysen omfattade ett urval (slumpmässigt) av alla 401 rapporterade olyckor med personskada under perioden 2017-2022. Totalt analyseredes 254 olyckor, 152 med A-traktorer och 102 med mopedbilar. Analysen är pågående och resultatet sammanfattas med statistiska mått (frekvens och andel). Resultatet från olycksstudien (2021) visar inte bara att antalet olyckor ökat utan identierar även de vanligaste olyckorna med A-traktor. För A-traktorer är ungefär hälften singel (49%) och resten kollision med något annat fordon eller person. Vid kollision med fordon är flest upphinnande (18%) eller korsningsolyckor (18%). Med resultatet från enkäten identifieras de olyckor som föräldrar tror är vanligast/allvarligast, samt huruvida A-traktor bidrar till trafikolyckor för det omkörande fordonet. I olycksanalysen (2021) identifierades trimning som bidragande orsak till trafikolyckan i över 50% av studerade fall. Analysen visade även att det är vanligast att A-traktor föraren bedöms vållande i de fall där det är fler än en part inblandad i olyckan. Enkätstudien lyfter och identifierar attityder till, och kunskap om motverkning av trimning.
|
|
| 16. |
- Pettersson, Ingrid M, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Living Room on the Move : Autonomous Vehicles and Social Experiences
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450347631 ; 23-27-October-2016
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing autonomous vehicles is technically complex and up to now research has focused on technical improvement and operative safety. As the level of automation increases the role of the driver will change; from controlling every movement of the vehicle into becoming an operator/passenger. Little is known about how this new context will affect the social experiences with and within the vehicle. This workshop focuses on three different kinds of social experience and socializing, namely; between other road users and the autonomous car, the social activities taking place within the autonomous car, and lastly the relationship between the car and the operator. The workshop aims at exploring possible practices, research and design directions of autonomous vehicles in relation to these social experiences. A human-centered design approach is the core of the workshop, with playful field excursions and ideation sessions.
|
|
| 17. |
- Pettersson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Demonstration och utvärdering av induktiv laddning
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Trådlös, induktiv, laddning skulle kunna ge elbilar ytterligare en, och kanskeavgörande, fördel gentemot fossilbränsledrivna genom att användarna i principaldrig behöver åka någonstans för att ”tanka”. Istället laddas bilarna enkelt ochbekvämt trådlöst utan sladd när de står parkerade.Teknologin i sig är inte komplicerad men tillämpningen för fordon i verklighetenär fortfarande i sin linda. Det finns därför behov av att förstå såväl de praktiskasom tekniska svårigheterna hur verkliga användare utnyttjar och upplever den nyatekniken. Av denna anledning initierades WiCh-projektet 2012 efter en förstudiesom förutsättningslöst studerade lämpliga lösningar för bekväm laddning.Projektet har, i världens fortfarande största enskilda fältstudie avinduktionsladdning, utrustat 20 personbilar i kommunal och enskild verksamhetoch följt upp användningen under ett och ett halvt års tid. Resultaten av studienvisar att trådlös laddning kan vara attraktiv jämfört med laddning med sladd, ochatt ladd-beteendet sannolikt kommer att förändras med trådlös laddning.Utrustningen levererades av den enda leverantör som finns på den öppnamarknaden, amerikanska Evatran Group. För att få tillstånd till en fältstudie iSverige genomfördes ett antal tekniska prov vilka också gav viktig kunskap tilltestorganisationer och tillståndsgivande myndigheter.
|
|
| 18. |
- Pettersson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Large scale testing of wireless charging in Sweden
- 2016
-
Ingår i: EVS 2016 - 29th International Electric Vehicle Symposium. - 9781510832701
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wireless charging has the potential to simplify charging of electric cars, a technology that is now tested on a larger scale in Sweden in an ongoing project denoted WiCh (Wireless charging of electric vehicles). Inductive wireless chargers have been installed in a total of 20 electric vehicles located in Sweden, which means that so far the study is the largest demonstration activity of inductively charged vehicles in the world. The technology will be demonstrated and assessed during a year, and the experiences gained so far are outlined in this paper.
|
|
| 19. |
- Pettersson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Parking support for inductive charging
- 2017
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inductive charging could give electric vehicles yet another competitive advantage over fossil-drivenvehicles in that users seldom or never have to think about refueling. However, when about to recharge thevehicle, the secondary, receiver coil must be precisely positioned above the primary, transmitter coil inorder to achieve high transmitted power and efficiency. Manually maneuvering a vehicle to this positionhas in our studies proven to be a challenging task, especially when using tight or public parking spaces.This article investigates the parking precision challenges connected with induction charging along withpossible solutions, including fully automated parking.
|
|
| 20. |
- Ranjbar, Parivash, et al.
(författare)
-
Vibrotactile guidance for trips with autonomous vehicles for persons with blindness, deafblindness, and deafness
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-1982. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autonomous vehicles are becoming a reality with great potential. However, persons with blindness, deafblindness, and deafness, who usually receive information and guidance from the driver, could miss information when travelling in an autonomous car. In this case study, 15 people with hearing and vision impairments explore and compare trips with and without vibrotactile guidance (using Ready-Ride or Ready-Move) in a simulated autonomous vehicle in real traffic (using a Wizard-of-Oz method). The study investigated if vibrotactile aid could enable persons with blindness, deafblindness, and deafness to use autonomous vehicles. Different phases of a trip (before, during, and after) were analysed. The study shows that people with functional impairments such as blindness, deafblindness, and deafness can perform trips independently if given information adapted to their needs through auditory, tactile, or visual information channels. It would be difficult for the target groups to travel without any additional communication aid, such as a vibrotactile guidance aid for all phases of the trip, especially for those with blindness. In all rides with the simulated autonomous car (Wizard-of-Oz set up) without vibrotactile guidance, the driver or assistant (in at least one phase of the trip) had to intervene for the research participants with blindness to complete the trip and continue the study. The study also highlights the usability of the vibrotactile guidance aid and identifies areas in need of improvement.
|
|
| 21. |
- Strömberg, Helena, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Designing for social experiences with and within autonomous vehicles - exploring methodological directions
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Design Science. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2053-4701. ; 4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of autonomous vehicles (autonomous vehicles) will reshape the many social interactions that are part of traffic today. In order for autonomous vehicles to become successfully integrated, the social interactions surrounding them need to be purposefully designed. To ensure success and save development efforts, design methods that explore social aspects in early design phases are needed to provide conceptual directions before committing to concrete solutions. This paper contributes an exploration of methods for addressing the social aspects of autonomous vehicles in three key areas: the vehicle as a social entity in traffic, co-experience within the vehicle and the user-vehicle relationship. The methods explored include Wizard of Oz, small-scale scenarios, design metaphors, enactment and peer-to-peer interviews. These were applied in a workshop setting with 18 participants from academia and industry. The methods provided interesting design seeds, however with differing effectiveness. The most promising methods enabled flexible idea exploration, but in a contextualized and concrete manner through tangible objects and enactment to stage future use situations. Further, combinations of methods that enable a shift between social perspectives were preferred. Wizard of Oz and small-scale scenarios were found fruitful as collaboration basis for multidisciplinary teams, by establishing a united understanding of the problem at hand.
|
|
