| 1. |
- Erséus, Christer, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Klättrande daggmaskar bifångst i Malaisefällor
- 2017
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Ingår i: Fauna och flora. - 0014-8903. ; 112:2, s. 27-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish Malaise Trap Project, with the main goal to collect insects of poorly studied groups, surprisingly also trapped 25 earthworms. They were collected at four different sites in southern Sweden and were morphologically and molecularly identified as belonging to three different species: Allolobophoridella eiseni, Dendrodrilus rubidus (rubidus and tenuis) and Eisenia andrei. Most interesting was the re-discovery of A. eiseni from Skäralid where it was previously reported by Backlund in 1946 but not often reported since. We also noticed a tendency of most worms climbing into the traps in spring and autumn, not in the summer, but more data are required to draw conclusions about this type of migration.
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| 2. |
- Erséus, Christer, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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The popular model annelid Enchytraeus albidus is only one species in a complex of seashore White Worms (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Organisms Diversity & Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6092 .- 1618-1077. ; 19:2, s. 105-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The white worm Enchytraeus albidus Henle, 1837 (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) is easy to keep in laboratory cultures, and has therefore been employed as a model organism in basic and applied biological research. Its natural habitat includes terrestrial composts and wrack beds on seashores. However, the name E. albidus is currently used for a complex of morphologically similar and closely related species. We here revise the components of the E. albidus species complex based on a sample of 100 Enchytraeus specimens from 56 sites, most of which are across Europe. These samples were DNA-barcoded for the mitochon- drial COI gene. A subset of them was sequenced for the nuclear ITS2 and H3 markers. Six species were delimited with strong support by the COI and ITS2 gene trees, as well as by a multi-locus species delimitation analysis. These species are identified morphologically and described as E. albidus s. str. (with designation of a neotype); Enchytraeus moebii (Michaelsen, 1885); Enchytraeus albellus Klinth, Erséus and Rota, sp. nov., E. cf. krumbachi (Čejka, 1913), E. sp. 1 (unnamed), and Enchytraeus polatdemiri Arslan and Timm, 2018. The last-mentioned species is a soda lake specialist, whereas E. albidus s. str. is both terrestrial and marine littoral; all other species occur only in seashores. The phylogeny of this group was estimated using the multi-species coalescent model. Monophyly of the E. albidus complex was recovered. Within this complex, three groups were recovered as monophyletic, but the relationship between them is unclear. One group comprises E. albidus s. str., E. albellus, and E. moebii; the second group E. cf. krumbachi and the unnamed E. sp. 1, and the third consists of only E. polatdemiri. This study serves as a framework for genetic identification of white worms used for experimental purposes.
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| 3. |
- Klinth, Mårten, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the Clitellata (Annelida) of Icelandic springs with alternative barcodes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Fauna Norvegica. - 1502-4873 .- 1891-5396. ; 39, s. 119-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA barcoding is an invaluable tool to identify clitellates, regardless of life stage or cryptic morphology. However, as COI (the standard barcode for animals) is relatively long (658 bp), sequencing it requires DNA of high quality. When DNA is fragmented due to degradation, alternative barcodes of shorter length present an option to obtain genetic material. We attempted to sequence 187 clitellates sampled from springs in Iceland. However, the material had been stored at room temperature for two years, and DNA of the worms had degraded, and only three COI sequences were produced (i.e., <2% success rate). Using two alternative barcodes of 16S (one ca. 320 bp, the other ca. 70 bp long) we increased the number of sequenced specimens to 51. Comparisons of the 16S sequences showed that even the short 70 bp fragment contained enough genetic variation to separate all clitellate species in the material. Combined with morphological examinations we recognized a total of 23 species, where at least 8 are new records for Iceland, some belonging to genera new for Iceland: Cernosvitoviella and Pristina. All the new taxa are included in an updated species list of Icelandic Clitellata. The material revealed some stygophilic species previously known to inhabit springs, but true stygobionts, which are restricted to groundwater habitats, were not found. Our study shows that short 16S fragments can be obtained from DNA too degraded to be used in traditional COI barcoding, and contain enough genetic variation to separate closely related clitellate species.
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| 4. |
- Klinth, Mårten, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species
- 2022
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Ingår i: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4082 .- 1096-3642. ; 194:4, s. 1103-1133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enchytraeid worms collected in South Africa and on the Marion, South Orkney, South Georgia and South Shetland Islands during 2008-2015 were studied using morphology and seven genetic markers. Nine species were recognized: one terrestrial (Christensenidrilus blocki) and all the others marine littoral (five Lumbricillus and three Marionina s.s.). An estimated phylogeny including other enchytraeids from the Northern Hemisphere, many of which are members of Lumbricillus and some representing Marionina s.l., confirmed a non-monophyletic Lumbricillus, with some of its current species closely related to Grania or Marionina s.s. The phylogeny also corroborated a non-monophyletic Marionina s.l., with Marionina s.s. closely related to Grania and Lumbricillus s.l., but not to the remaining sequenced 'Marionina' or to Ch. blocki. These results provide a long-needed starting point for a revision of both Marionina and Lumbricillus. We provide morphological descriptions of all nine species, three of which are new to science: Lumbricillus finisafricae sp. nov., Lumbricillus nivalis sp. nov., and Marionina fusca sp. nov. Comments on three related species of Marionina s.s. based on re-examined type material are also provided.
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| 5. |
- Klinth, Mårten, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny and species delimitation of North European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Zoologica Scripta. - : Wiley. - 0300-3256. ; 46:1, s. 96-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The enchytraeid genus Lumbricillus comprises about 80 described species of clitellate worms, which are up to a few centimetres long, and they mostly inhabit the littoral zone of nontropical marine and brackish waters world-wide. The phylogeny of this genus is poorly studied, but previous work has suggested that Lumbricillus is a non-monophyletic group. In this study, species boundaries and the phylogeny of this genus is re-assessed using more than 300 DNA-barcoded specimens (using COI mtDNA), part of which was also sequenced for two additional mitochondrial and four nuclear molecular markers. Statistical and coalescent based applications were used for the delimitation of a total of 24 species, of which 20 were identified as belonging to 17 described morphospecies; one morphospecies was found to be a complex of four delimited species, and another four delimited species could not be matched with any described species. Furthermore, gene trees, concatenation and multispecies coalescent based species trees were estimated using Bayesian inference. The estimated phylogenies confirm a non-monophyletic Lumbricillus as L. semifuscus is clearly excluded from the genus. Furthermore, the placement of a monophyletic clade consisting of L. arenarius, L. dubius, and an unidentified species varies between analyses; they are either found as the sister-group to the genus Grania or as sister-group to the remaining Lumbricillus, where the latter relationship is supported by the multispecies coalescent, which we consider as the most reliable method.
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| 6. |
- Klinth, Mårten, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Taxonomy of North European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Zookeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1313-2989 .- 1313-2970. ; :703, s. 15-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lumbricillus is a genus of clitellate worms with about 80 described species that inhabit marine and limnic habitats. This study follows a recent analysis of the phylogeny of the genus based on 24 species of Lumbricillus collected mainly in Norway and Sweden. We provide the illustrated taxonomic descriptions of all these species and describe two of them as new; Lumbricillus latithecatus sp. n. and L. scandicus sp. n. Using the recent phylogeny, we informally divide Lumbricillus into five distinct morphological groups, into which we also tentatively place the Lumbricillus species not included in this study. Furthermore, we establish Claparedrilus gen. n., with the type species C. semifuscoides sp. n., and transfer Pachydrilus semifuscus Claparede, 1861 (previously referred to Lumbricillus) into said genus.
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| 7. |
- Lee, J., et al.
(författare)
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Two species of Lumbricillus (Enchytraeidae, Annelida) new to Antarctica
- 2019
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Ingår i: Polar Research. - : Norwegian Polar Institute. - 0800-0395 .- 1751-8369. ; 38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intertidal fauna of the Antarctic Peninsula has a relatively high species diversity, due to its warmer environment compared to other parts of Antarctica. Marine oligochaetes are, in general, one of the most diverse and ecologically important benthic organism groups, at least in the littoral zone. Antarctica has been one of the least studied areas with regard to oligochaete diversity. Here we report two Lumbricillus species (Lumbricillus antarcticus Stephenson, 1932 and Lumbricillus sejongensis sp. nov.) new to Antarctica, found in a tidal pool on the Barton Peninsula, King George Island. The diversity of this genus remains poorly known for Antarctica and the Subantarctic islands, and what we know is based on a few patchy studies.
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| 8. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A new Scandinavian Chamaedrilus species (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae), with additional notes on others
- 2018
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Ingår i: Zootaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1175-5326 .- 1175-5334. ; 4521:3, s. 417-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chamaedrilus (earlier referred to as Cognettia) is a well-known genus of terrestrial and limnic enchytraeids, currently with 19 known species in the world. Some of its species are morphologically cryptic and can only be identified using genetic (DNA) information. Many of them reproduce asexually, and the prevalence of sexual mature individuals is generally low in the populations. Chamaedrilus asloae sp. nov. (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) is described based on material from two rivers in Norway, one in Sweden, and from a wet deciduous forest in Denmark. With the material at hand, no morphological characters completely separate C. asloae from C. chalupskyi; none of the available specimens of the new species are sexually mature. However, four molecular markers (two mitochondrial, two nuclear) support that C. asloae is a distinct, separately evolved lineage, which is sister to a clade consisting of C. glandulosus and C. varisetosus. In this study, too, the fully developed sexual organs of C. chalupskyi and C. varisetosus are described and illustrated. © Copyright 2018 Magnolia Press.
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| 9. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution and genetic diversity of two earthworms, Helodrilus oculatus and Satchellius mammalis (Clitellata: Lumbricidae) in Scandinavia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Fauna Norvegica. - : Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Library. - 1502-4873 .- 1891-5396. ; 41, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the Scandinavian distribution of two earthworm species, Helodrilus oculatus and Satchellius mammalis. Both appear relatively new to the Scandinavian Peninsula, as they were not included in the monographic revisions of the earthworm fauna of Sweden and Norway in the mid-1900s. We provide recent records of both species from Norway and Sweden, H. oculatus also from Denmark, and haplotype networks of four markers (COI, 16S, H3, and ITS2) are used to visualise the genetic diversity within each species. There is moderate genetic variation in COI for both taxa, and for H. oculatus, there is a West-East division between the specimens from Norway, Gothenburg (western Sweden) and Bavaria (Germany), and the ones from eastern Sweden and the Bornholm island (easternmost Denmark). This could potentially be explained by different origin and colonisation routes. In the other markers the variation is limited, and in the nuclear genes no pattern to support this split is seen. We also analyse the phylogenetic positions of H. oculatus and S. mammalis in the family Lumbricidae by combining our data (including also some 12S, 18S and 28S sequences) with a published dataset. We conclude that neither Helodrilus nor Satchellius are monophyletic. Helodrilus oculatus (type species of Helodrilus), however, forms a clade with some of its current congeners.
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| 10. |
- Martinsson, Svante, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Testing species hypotheses for Fridericia magna, an enchytraeid worm (Annelida: Clitellata) with great mitochondrial variation
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Evolutionary Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2148. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Deep mitochondrial divergences were observed in Scandinavian populations of the terrestrial to semi-aquatic annelid Fridericia magna (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae). This raised the need for testing whether the taxon is a single species or a complex of cryptic species. Results A total of 62 specimens from 38 localities were included in the study, 44 of which were used for species delimitation. First, the 44 specimens were divided into clusters using ABGD (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery) on two datasets, consisting of sequences of the mitochondrial markers COI and 16S. For each dataset, the worms were divided into six not completely congruent clusters. When they were combined, a maximum of seven clusters, or species hypotheses, were obtained, and the seven clusters were used as input in downstream analyses. We tested these hypotheses by constructing haplowebs for two nuclear markers, H3 and ITS, and in both haplowebs the specimens appeared as a single species. Multi-locus species delimitation analyses performed with the Bayesian BPP program also mainly supported a single species. Furthermore, no apparent morphological differences were found between the clusters. Two of the clusters were partially separated from each other and the other clusters, but not strongly enough to consider them as separate species. All 62 specimens were used to visualise the Scandinavian distribution, of the species, and to compare with published COI data from other Fridericia species. Conclusion We show that the morphospecies Fridericia magna is a single species, harbouring several distinct mitochondrial clusters. There is partial genetic separation between some of them, which may be interpreted as incipient speciation. The study shows the importance of rigorous species delimitation using several independent markers when deep mitochondrial divergences might give the false impression of cryptic speciation.
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| 11. |
- Schmelz, R. M., et al.
(författare)
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Astacopsidrilus hibernicus sp. nov. (Phreodrilidae, Oligochaeta, Annelida) from Irish peatlands
- 2020
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AQUATIC OLIGOCHAETA. - : Magnolia Press. - 9781776708697 ; , s. 34-44
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The discovery of a large and flourishing population of Phreodrilidae in terrestrial peatlands in northwest Ireland was surprising on two counts: these oligochaete worms are usually aquatic and most of the species occur in the Southern Hemisphere. The phreodrilids were discovered in a project that targeted Enchytraeidae, therefore methods adapted to the investigation of enchytraeids could be applied, including the study of living animals and properly fixed whole mounts. DNA sequencing was also performed. All worms identified here belong to one species, new to science, and placed in the genus Astacopsidrilus, because of the ventral position of the spermathecal pores and the opening of the female funnels inside the spermathecal vestibule. Astacopsidrilus hibernicus sp. nov. is mainly distinguished by thick segmental cushions of epidermal gland cells on the dorsal side of the posterior body half. Male sexual organs and spermathecae are comparatively small and without the oftenobserved bizarre modifications common in species of this family. DNA sequencing yielded a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene. This is the first description of a phreodrilid species from Europe; the few previous recordings of this family in Ireland and the United Kingdom had been left unidentified.
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