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- Dawkins, Elena, et al.
(author)
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Retracing the footsteps: how do footprint indicators support learning about sustainable consumption among Swedish policymakers?
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Consumption-based or environmental footprint indicators give a sense of society’s progress towards sustainable consumption. Studies of the role that sustainability indicators play in policy making report that they contribute to learning and conceptual thinking. This literature provides insights into the types of learning outcome that indicators contribute to, such as instrumental, policy-oriented, governmental, political, or societal learning. But few studies have looked specifically at consumption-based indicators or at the learning process itself, of how indicator use supports different actors in changing their ideas, perceptions, and practices – and potentially affects wider social and organizational structures to prompt the desired move to sustainable consumption.To address this, we draw on the theory of expansive learning to investigate the potential for learning about sustainable consumption by Swedish public officials using consumption-based indicators. Data were collected in a series of interviews, focus groups and workshops. The results suggest that consumption-based indicators do help officials to learn about the concept of sustainable consumption and encourage them to push forward the sustainable consumption agenda. This is not, however, so much due to indicators per se, but rather to the creativity and agency of committed government officials. To enhance learning and change in practices further, public officials must be supported by the necessary institutions and authority to promote sustainable consumption.
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- Klocker Larsen, Rasmus, et al.
(author)
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Kumulativa effekter av exploateringar på renskötseln : Vad behöver göras inom tillståndsprocesser
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- En av de största utmaningarna i dagens landskapsplanering rör de många och ofta konkurrerande anspråken på mark och naturresurser. Denna rapport redovisar resultaten från ett projekt som syftade till att utveckla kunskap och metodik för att beskriva och ta hänsyn till kumulativa effekter av exploateringar på den samiska renskötseln.Projektet sökte svar på följande frågor:1. Kartläggning av kumulativa effektera. Hur stora arealer upptar de kumulativa effekterna av exploateringar på renskötseln?b. Vilka metoder kan utvecklas för att dokumentera och kommunicera omfattning och effekter av olika former av exploateringar på renskötseln i ett landskap?2. Beaktandet av kumulativa effekter i tillståndsprocessera. Vilka möjligheter och svårigheter har svenska myndigheter inom dagens regelverk och myndighetspraxis att beakta kumulativa effekter och hantera konflikter mellan olika anspråk?b. Vilka ansatser kan utvecklas för att förbättra hänsynen till kumulativa effekter i tillståndsprövning?Metod Kartläggningen av kumulativa effekter gjordes för Vilhelmina norra sameby genom att beräkna det totala störningsområdet utifrån information om historiska, befintliga och potentiella framtida exploateringar samt forskning kring störningszoner. Vi har använt kartlagd information för all infrastruktur och mänsklig aktivitet, och applicerat störningszoner för respektive störningskälla för att beräkna hur stor yta som berörs av de olika störningskällorna. Detta är första gången en metod presenteras för att uppskatta det totala störningsområdet som mått för de kumulativa effekterna av exploateringar på renskötseln.Studien av hänsyn till kumulativa effekter i tillståndsprocesserna gjordes i en deltagande policyanalys med bidrag från tjänstemän på de berörda tillståndsmyndigheterna som fick belysa hur de ser på regelverket och sin praxis och hur dessa kan förbättras. Detta är också första gången i Sverige som berörda tjänstemän från olika myndigheter tillsammans medverkat vid analys av regelverket och sin egen praxis rörande kumulativa effekter. Huvudmomentet i arbetet var en tvådagars workshop som hölls den 7–8 maj 2015.Resultat Vilhelmina norra sameby har sett en omfattande kumulativ förlust av sitt betesområde, mätt i det samlade störningsområdet. Det totala störningsområdet sedan förra sekelskiftet och fram till i dag i Vilhelmina norra sameby uppgick till 30 % (4679 km2) av samebyns 15 709 km2. Beräknat för vinterbeteslandet är störningsområdet 54 % (4111 km2) av samebyns 7656 km2 vinterbetesmark. I scenariot för år 2050 beräknas det totala störningsområdet till 39 % (6131 km2) av hela samebyn och 50 % (3815 km2) av vinterbeteslandet. Scenarioberäkningen visar att är det möjligt att faktiskt öka den tillgängliga betesarealen i ett framtida renbeteslandskap genom ett antal strategiska åtgärder i landskapet.Erfarenheterna från tjänstemännen som deltog i denna studie visar på avsevärda hinder i det befintliga regelverket och myndighetspraxis för att beakta de kumulativa effekterna. Följande hinder för att beakta kumulativa effekter i tillståndsprocesserna identifierades:Isolerade stuprör och fragmenterade tillståndsprocesser;Bristande underlag vid tillståndsprövning;Hög arbetsbörda och orealistiska förväntningar på samebyarna;Spänningar mellan politisk styrning och myndighetsutövning;Olika tolkningar av regelverk och underlag.Följande åtgärder som kan anammas för att förbättra beaktandet av kumulativa effekter i tillståndsprocesserna framkom:Minska fragmentering i prövningen;Säkerställa en oberoende MKB-process;Etablera en gemensam databas och en regional landskapsplanering;Införa en toleransnivå för vad samebyar förväntas tåla;Förse renskötseln med tillräckliga resurserSlutsatser Denna studie initierades i syfte att sätta igång en strukturerad diskussion kring hur myndigheter kan ta hänsyn till och motverka kumulativa effekter av andra markanvändningar på renskötseln. Detta kommer att kräva fortsatt engagemang från de involverade aktörerna. Vi skulle gärna se att dialogen utökas till att innefatta också bolag och deras konsulter, då denna pilotstudie fokuserade på myndigheternas erfarenhet.I brist på tydliga riktlinjer och praxis kring hur kumulativa effekter ska beaktas får enskilda tjänstemän för närvarande en svår sits när de förväntas medla mellan samebyar och bolag. Omfattande osäkerhet präglar vad som kan betraktas som ”relevanta” effekter, vilka metoder som är legitima för att beakta dessa effekter, och hur evidensen bör inkluderas i beslutsfattandet. När regelverk och procedur är otydliga, lämnar staten i praktiken över ansvaret till samebyarna och bolagen att, på eget initiativ, förhandla kring vad som är relevanta effekter att ta hänsyn till. Det finns starka argument för att skapa en tydligare ansats inom lagstiftning och förvaltningspraxis så att hänsyn kan tas till de kumulativa effekterna.
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- Klocker Larsen, Rasmus, et al.
(author)
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Sami-state collaboration in the governance of cumulative effects assessment: A critical action research approach
- 2017
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In: Environmental Impact Assessment Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-9255. ; 64, s. 67-76
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Indigenous-state collaboration in the governance of cumulative effects assessment (CEA) is often hampered not only by legacies of colonialism and inequality but also disagreement on what the 'CEA governance problem' is in the first place. In this paper, we draw on critical theories on dialogue and collaboration to present a novel approach to joint problem analysis between Sami reindeer herders and civil servants in Swedish permitting authorities on mining, wind energy and forestry. We discuss process design choices, insights on CEA governance and ways to tackle these barriers in practice. We argue that indigenous-state collaboration may play a constructive role in improving CEA governance, including the recognition of indigenous peoples' rights. However, this requires a process that carves out new spaces for exploring divergent problem definitions and supports the participants in challenging institutionalized inequalities within their positioned realities. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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- Klocker Larsen, Rasmus, et al.
(author)
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Towards a Learning Model of ICT Application for Development : Lessons from a networked dialogue in Sweden
- 2010
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In: Information, Communication and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-118X .- 1468-4462. ; 13, s. 136-150
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports on a two-day workshop held in Sweden (7-8 April 2008) to bring together researchers and professionals to share insights and experiences in the application of information and communication technology (ICT) to sustainable development (SD). The third in a series of events sponsored by the Swedish Program for Information and Communication Technology in Developing Regions (SPIDER), this workshop was aimed at fostering experience sharing among participants, creation of opportunities for formulating new project and research ideas, and enabling the formation of new partnerships. The focal point of the workshop was the conjunction of ICTs, environment, and development. Beginning with pre-workshop conversations via a blog page, the workshop promoted involvement of participants in active exchanges and dialogue through the use of open space processes. Workshop discussions revolved around questions of power and equity, poverty reduction, collective learning, and private sector involvement. The workshop was intended to encourage development organizations to explore alternatives to the traditional deployment approach to ICTs. Workshop participants reflected on the challenges and opportunities of shifting to a systemic learning approach for applying ICTs to SD. A systemic learning model is outlined as a means to enable more effective use of ICTs by balancing technical knowledge with insights into the context and history of the stakeholders and their field of application.
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- Larsen, Rasmus Klocker
(author)
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Dialogue and revolution : fostering legitimate stakeholder agency in natural resource governance
- 2011
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis explores how people exert their agency in policy processes that pertain to natural resource governance, and how they construct the required sense of legitimacy for such actions. It also examines the manner in which facilitated multi-stakeholder processes foster legitimate stakeholder agency, and reflects on how they may ensure the rigour of research interventions in situations characterised by intractable uncertainty and controversy.
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- Larsen, Rasmus Klocker, et al.
(author)
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Hybrid governance in agricultural commodity chains : Insights from implementation of 'No Deforestation, No Peat, No Exploitation' (NDPE) policies in the oil palm industry
- 2018
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 183, s. 544-554
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In agricultural commodity chains, companies with sizeable market shares are stepping up sustainability commitments through so-called 'No Deforestation, No Peat, No Exploitation' (NDPE) policies - yet the delivery is fraught with difficulties. Drawing on theories of hybrid public-private governance this paper explores how commodity chain actors themselves view the limitations of private regulation and the prospects for more effective supply-chain governance. As a case study, we present interview data from the palm oil commodity chains linking growers in Riau Province, Sumatra, Indonesia, with retailers in Europe. The findings demonstrate awareness of shortcomings in existing arrangements and the need for a stronger presence of both the Indonesian state and European governments. We discuss potential hybrid governance measures, highlighting the need for a pluralistic strategy that mobilizes the combined positive forces of civil society, business and government(s). We argue that, to advance such an agenda, hybrid governance must be conceptualized not simply as a matter of blending (and hence reifying) preexisting and often highly problematic private and public institutions but as a question of how all such institutions may themselves be more thoroughly democratized in the process.
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- Larsen, Rasmus Klocker, et al.
(author)
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Policy Coherence for Sustainable Agricultural Development : Uncovering Prospects and Pretence within the Swedish Policy for Global Development
- 2013
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In: Development Policy Review. - : Wiley. - 0950-6764 .- 1467-7679. ; 31:6, s. 757-776
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Within the European Union, promotion of policy coherence' is intended to improve co-ordination across sectors and groups of professionals, who make competing claims for agricultural development in low-income countries. This article examines the prospects for stakeholders in Sweden to implement such a policy, drawing on experiences from the launch of a national multi-stakeholder platform with the participation of 99 organisations. Its findings demonstrate institutional fragmentation and struggles for legitimacy, with the internationally heralded Swedish Policy for Global Development operated largely as a tokenistic instrument, legitimised by the pretence of stakeholder engagement. It argues for improved institutional support to facilitate cross-sectoral dialogues to deconstruct social boundaries which are no longer relevant.
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- Larsen, Rasmus Klocker
(author)
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Reinventing rural development in Vietnam : discursive constructions of grassroots democracy during the renovation reform
- 2011
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In: Asia Pacific Viewpoint. - : Wiley. - 1360-7456 .- 1467-8373. ; 52:3, s. 316-332
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Over the past decades Vietnam has seen striking efforts to reinvent the exercise of democratic rural development. Promotion of grassroots democracy, notably under the Grassroots Democracy Decree (GDD), has been an acute response by Communist Party and government to large scale unrest among the rural populace owing to dissatisfactions with a felt mismatch between espoused commitments to ‘good governance’ and its actual practice. Through evidence from field work, this paper assesses the implications of the GDD in the central and northern highlands, analyzing how the promotion of grassroots democracy is discursively constructed by rural development professionals. The results outline three dominant discourses, which center on their respective interests in liberalist democratization, improved efficiency in state renovation, and enhanced accountability in governing local policy ambiguities. It argues that ‘grassroots democracy’ is serving as a conceptual mediator, supporting learning between diverging interests associated with rural development and different ideological positions shrouding the notion of democracy itself. Yet, given the extent that discourses are reflective of how professionals relate to grassroots aspirations, grassroots movements, which originally ushered the Party and central government to pass the GDD, have a significant struggle ahead of them to affect concrete changes in professionals' practices.
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- Powell, Neil, et al.
(author)
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Water Security in Times of Climate Change and Intractability : Reconciling Conflict by Transforming Security Concerns into Equity Concerns
- 2017
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In: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 9:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper considers how to achieve equitable water governance and the flow-on effects it has in terms of supporting sustainable development, drawing on case studies from the international climate change adaptation and governance project (CADWAGO). Water governance, like many other global issues, is becoming increasingly intractable (wicked) with climate change and is, by the international community, being linked to instances of threats to human security, the war in the Sudanese Darfur and more recently the acts of terrorism perpetuated by ISIS. In this paper, we ask the question: how can situations characterized by water controversy (exacerbated by the uncertainties posed by climate change) be reconciled? The main argument is based on a critique of the way the water security discourse appropriates expert (normal) claims about human-biophysical relationships. When water challenges become increasingly securitized by the climate change discourse it becomes permissible to enact processes that legitimately transgress normative positions through post-normal actions. In contrast, the water equity discourse offers an alternative reading of wicked and post-normal water governance situations. We contend that by infusing norm critical considerations into the process of securitization, new sub-national constellations of agents will be empowered to enact changes; thereby bypassing vicious cycles of power brokering that characterize contemporary processes intended to address controversies.
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