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Sökning: WFRF:(Knol E)

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  • Mishra, A., et al. (författare)
  • Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 611, s. 115-123
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke - the second leading cause of death worldwide - were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry(1,2). Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P < 0.05). Effect sizes were highly correlated across ancestries. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping, in silico mutagenesis analysis(3), and transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association analyses revealed putative causal genes (such as SH3PXD2A and FURIN) and variants (such as at GRK5 and NOS3). Using a three-pronged approach(4), we provide genetic evidence for putative drug effects, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as possible targets, with drugs already under investigation for stroke for F11 and PROC. A polygenic score integrating cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific stroke GWASs with vascular-risk factor GWASs (integrative polygenic scores) strongly predicted ischaemic stroke in populations of European, East Asian and African ancestry(5). Stroke genetic risk scores were predictive of ischaemic stroke independent of clinical risk factors in 52,600 clinical-trial participants with cardiometabolic disease. Our results provide insights to inform biology, reveal potential drug targets and derive genetic risk prediction tools across ancestries.
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  • Satizabal, Claudia L., et al. (författare)
  • Genetic architecture of subcortical brain structures in 38,851 individuals
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 51:11, s. 1624-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Subcortical brain structures are integral to motion, consciousness, emotions and learning. We identified common genetic variation related to the volumes of the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, brainstem, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen and thalamus, using genome-wide association analyses in almost 40,000 individuals from CHARGE, ENIGMA and UK Biobank. We show that variability in subcortical volumes is heritable, and identify 48 significantly associated loci (40 novel at the time of analysis). Annotation of these loci by utilizing gene expression, methylation and neuropathological data identified 199 genes putatively implicated in neurodevelopment, synaptic signaling, axonal transport, apoptosis, inflammation/infection and susceptibility to neurological disorders. This set of genes is significantly enriched for Drosophila orthologs associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes, suggesting evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. Our findings uncover novel biology and potential drug targets underlying brain development and disease.
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  • Hollestelle, Antoinette, et al. (författare)
  • No clinical utility of KRAS variant rs61764370 for ovarian or breast cancer
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Gynecologic Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-8258 .- 1095-6859. ; 141:2, s. 386-401
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective Clinical genetic testing is commercially available for rs61764370, an inherited variant residing in a KRAS 3′ UTR microRNA binding site, based on suggested associations with increased ovarian and breast cancer risk as well as with survival time. However, prior studies, emphasizing particular subgroups, were relatively small. Therefore, we comprehensively evaluated ovarian and breast cancer risks as well as clinical outcome associated with rs61764370. Methods Centralized genotyping and analysis were performed for 140,012 women enrolled in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (15,357 ovarian cancer patients; 30,816 controls), the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (33,530 breast cancer patients; 37,640 controls), and the Consortium of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (14,765 BRCA1 and 7904 BRCA2 mutation carriers). Results We found no association with risk of ovarian cancer (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.04, p = 0.74) or breast cancer (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.94-1.01, p = 0.19) and results were consistent among mutation carriers (BRCA1, ovarian cancer HR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.97-1.23, p = 0.14, breast cancer HR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.97-1.12, p = 0.27; BRCA2, ovarian cancer HR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.71-1.13, p = 0.34, breast cancer HR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.94-1.19, p = 0.35). Null results were also obtained for associations with overall survival following ovarian cancer (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.83-1.07, p = 0.38), breast cancer (HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.87-1.06, p = 0.38), and all other previously-reported associations. Conclusions rs61764370 is not associated with risk of ovarian or breast cancer nor with clinical outcome for patients with these cancers. Therefore, genotyping this variant has no clinical utility related to the prediction or management of these cancers.
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  • Medina-Gomez, C., et al. (författare)
  • Bone mineral density loci specific to the skull portray potential pleiotropic effects on craniosynostosis
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Communications Biology. - 2399-3642. ; 6:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Skull bone mineral density (SK-BMD) provides a suitable trait for the discovery of key genes in bone biology, particularly to intramembranous ossification, not captured at other skeletal sites. We perform a genome-wide association meta-analysis (n similar to 43,800) of SK-BMD, identifying 59 loci, collectively explaining 12.5% of the trait variance. Association signals cluster within gene-sets involved in skeletal development and osteoporosis. Among the four novel loci (ZIC1, PRKAR1A, AZIN1/ATP6V1C1, GLRX3), there are factors implicated in intramembranous ossification and as we show, inherent to craniosynostosis processes. Functional follow-up in zebrafish confirms the importance of ZIC1 on cranial suture patterning. Likewise, we observe abnormal cranial bone initiation that culminates in ectopic sutures and reduced BMD in mosaic atp6v1c1 knockouts. Mosaic prkar1a knockouts present asymmetric bone growth and, conversely, elevated BMD. In light of this evidence linking SK-BMD loci to craniofacial abnormalities, our study provides new insight into the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of skeletal diseases.
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  • Wijnen, I. G. M., et al. (författare)
  • De novo variants in CAMTA1 cause a syndrome variably associated with spasticity, ataxia, and intellectual disability
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 28, s. 763-769
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Previously, intragenic CAMTA1 copy number variants (CNVs) have been shown to cause non-progressive, congenital ataxia with or without intellectual disability (OMIM#614756). However, ataxia, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic features were all incompletely penetrant, even within families. Here, we describe four patients with de novo nonsense, frameshift or missense CAMTA1 variants. All four patients predominantly manifested features of ataxia and/or spasticity. Borderline intellectual disability and dysmorphic features were both present in one patient only, and other neurological and behavioural symptoms were variably present. Neurodevelopmental delay was found to be mild. Our findings indicate that also nonsense, frameshift and missense variants in CAMTA1 can cause a spastic ataxia syndrome as the main phenotype.
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  • Zaborowski, AM, et al. (författare)
  • Microsatellite instability in young patients with rectal cancer: molecular findings and treatment response
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: The British journal of surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2168 .- 0007-1323. ; 109:3, s. 251-255
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study of 400 patients with early-onset rectal cancer, 12.5 per cent demonstrated microsatellite instability (MSI). MSI was associated with a reduced likelihood of nodal positivity, an increased rate of pathological complete response, and improved disease-specific survival.
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  • Zuberbier, T., et al. (författare)
  • Proposal of 0.5 mg of protein/100 g of processed food as threshold for voluntary declaration of food allergen traces in processed food-A first step in an initiative to better inform patients and avoid fatal allergic reactions: A GA(2)LEN position paper
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 77:6, s. 1736-1750
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Food anaphylaxis is commonly elicited by unintentional ingestion of foods containing the allergen above the tolerance threshold level of the individual. While labeling the 14 main allergens used as ingredients in food products is mandatory in the EU, there is no legal definition of declaring potential contaminants. Precautionary allergen labeling such as "may contain traces of" is often used. However, this is unsatisfactory for consumers as they get no information if the contamination is below their personal threshold. In discussions with the food industry and technologists, it was suggested to use a voluntary declaration indicating that all declared contaminants are below a threshold of 0.5 mg protein per 100 g of food. This concentration is known to be below the threshold of most patients, and it can be technically guaranteed in most food production. However, it was also important to assess that in case of accidental ingestion of contaminants below this threshold by highly allergic patients, no fatal anaphylactic reaction could occur. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to assess whether a fatal reaction to 5mg of protein or less has been reported, assuming that a maximum portion size of 1kg of a processed food exceeds any meal and thus gives a sufficient safety margin. Methods MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched until 24 January 2021 for provocation studies and case reports in which one of the 14 major food allergens was reported to elicit fatal or life-threatening anaphylactic reactions and assessed if these occurred below the ingestion of 5mg of protein. A Delphi process was performed to obtain an expert consensus on the results. Results In the 210 studies included, in our search, no reports of fatal anaphylactic reactions reported below 5 mg protein ingested were identified. However, in provocation studies and case reports, severe reactions below 5 mg were reported for the following allergens: eggs, fish, lupin, milk, nuts, peanuts, soy, and sesame seeds. Conclusion Based on the literature studied for this review, it can be stated that cross-contamination of the 14 major food allergens below 0.5 mg/100 g is likely not to endanger most food allergic patients when a standard portion of food is consumed. We propose to use the statement "this product contains the named allergens in the list of ingredients, it may contain traces of other contaminations (to be named, e.g. nut) at concentrations less than 0.5 mg per 100 g of this product" for a voluntary declaration on processed food packages. This level of avoidance of cross-contaminations can be achieved technically for most processed foods, and the statement would be a clear and helpful message to the consumers. However, it is clearly acknowledged that a voluntary declaration is only a first step to a legally binding solution. For this, further research on threshold levels is encouraged.
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  • Dramburg, S, et al. (författare)
  • EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - 1399-3038. ; 3434 Suppl 28, s. e13854-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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  • Hanquet, G, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive disease in older adults of 10 European countries: implications for adult vaccination
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Thorax. - : BMJ. - 1468-3296 .- 0040-6376. ; 74:5, s. 473-482
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have the potential to prevent pneumococcal disease through direct and indirect protection. This multicentre European study estimated the indirect effects of 5-year childhood PCV10 and/or PCV13 programmes on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in older adults across 13 sites in 10 European countries, to support decision-making on pneumococcal vaccination policies.MethodsFor each site we calculated IPD incidence rate ratios (IRR) in people aged ≥65 years by serotype for each PCV10/13 year (2011–2015) compared with 2009 (pre-PCV10/13). We calculated pooled IRR and 95% CI using random-effects meta-analysis and PCV10/13 effect as (1 − IRR)*100.ResultsAfter five PCV10/13 years, the incidence of IPD caused by all types, PCV7 and additional PCV13 serotypes declined 9% (95% CI −4% to 19%), 77% (95% CI 67% to 84%) and 38% (95% CI 19% to 53%), respectively, while the incidence of non-PCV13 serotypes increased 63% (95% CI 39% to 91%). The incidence of serotypes included in PCV13 and not in PCV10 decreased 37% (95% CI 22% to 50%) in six PCV13 sites and increased by 50% (95% CI −8% to 146%) in the four sites using PCV10 (alone or with PCV13). In 2015, PCV13 serotypes represented 20–29% and 32–53% of IPD cases in PCV13 and PCV10 sites, respectively.ConclusionOverall IPD incidence in older adults decreased moderately after five childhood PCV10/13 years in 13 European sites. Large declines in PCV10/13 serotype IPD, due to the indirect effect of childhood vaccination, were countered by increases in non-PCV13 IPD, but these declines varied according to the childhood vaccine used. Decision-making on pneumococcal vaccination for older adults must consider the indirect effects of childhood PCV programmes. Sustained monitoring of IPD epidemiology is imperative.
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  • Jansen, Willemijn J, et al. (författare)
  • Prevalence of cerebral amyloid pathology in persons without dementia: a meta-analysis.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: JAMA. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598 .- 0098-7484. ; 313:19, s. 1924-38
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cerebral amyloid-β aggregation is an early pathological event in Alzheimer disease (AD), starting decades before dementia onset. Estimates of the prevalence of amyloid pathology in persons without dementia are needed to understand the development of AD and to design prevention studies.
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  • Blom, M., et al. (författare)
  • Human eosinophils express, relative to other circulating leukocytes, large amounts of secretory 14-kD phospholipase A2
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Blood. - 1528-0020. ; 91:8, s. 3037-3043
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Human eosinophils perform several functions dependent on phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, most notably the synthesis of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4). Several forms of PLA2 have been identified in mammalian cells. In the present study, the 14-kD, secretory form of PLA2 was detected in human eosinophils by immunocytochemical staining with the specific monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 4A1. In contrast, preparations of neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and basophils did not show detectable staining. With two MoAbs in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), large amounts of sPLA2 were detected in lysates of eosinophils, that were 20-fold to 100-fold higher than in the other circulating leukocytes (ie, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes). In addition, with a commercially available sPLA2 activity assay kit, we were able to show high activity of sPLA2 in human eosinophils relative to neutrophils. Investigations at the ultrastructural level showed that sPLA2 in eosinophils is mainly located in specific granules. Immunoelectron microscopy also visualized sPLA2 within phagosomes after addition of opsonized particles to the eosinophils. However, sPLA2 was not detected in the cell-free supernatants of activated eosinophils, in contrast to eosinophil-cationic protein (ECP), which colocalizes with sPLA2 in resting eosinophils. These findings warrant further studies into the role of sPLA2 in eosinophil function.
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26.
  • Ecsedi, M, et al. (författare)
  • Use of eltrombopag in aplastic anemia in Europe
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Annals of hematology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0584 .- 0939-5555. ; 98:6, s. 1341-1350
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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  • Terhal, Paulien A., et al. (författare)
  • A Study of the Clinical and Radiological Features in a Cohort of 93 Patients with a COL2A1 Mutation Causing Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita or a Related Phenotype
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A. - : Wiley. - 1552-4825 .- 1552-4833. ; 167A:3, s. 461-475
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Type 2 collagen disorders encompass a diverse group of skeletal dysplasias that are commonly associated with orthopedic, ocular, and hearing problems. However, the frequency of many clinical features has never been determined. We retrospectively investigated the clinical, radiological, and genotypic data in a group of 93 patients with molecularly confirmed SEDC or a related disorder. The majority of the patients (80/93) had short stature, with radiological features of SEDC (n=64), others having SEMD (n=5), Kniest dysplasia (n=7), spondyloperipheral dysplasia (n=2), or Torrance-like dysplasia (n=2). The remaining 13 patients had normal stature with mild SED, Stickler-like syndrome or multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. Over 50% of the patients had undergone orthopedic surgery, usually for scoliosis, femoral osteotomy or hip replacement. Odontoid hypoplasia was present in 56% (95% CI 38-74) and a correlation between odontoid hypoplasia and short stature was observed. Atlanto-axial instability, was observed in 5 of the 18 patients (28%, 95% CI 10-54) in whom flexion-extension films of the cervical spine were available; however, it was rarely accompanied by myelopathy. Myopia was found in 45% (95% CI 35-56), and retinal detachment had occurred in 12% (95% CI 6-21; median age 14 years; youngest age 3.5 years). Thirty-two patients complained of hearing loss (37%, 95% CI 27-48) of whom 17 required hearing aids. The ophthalmological features and possibly also hearing loss are often relatively frequent and severe in patients with splicing mutations. Based on clinical findings, age at onset and genotype-phenotype correlations in this cohort, we propose guidelines for the management and follow-up in this group of disorders.
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30.
  • Boyman, O, et al. (författare)
  • EAACI IG Biologicals task force paper on the use of biologic agents in allergic disorders.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 70:7, s. 727-54
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Biologic agents (also termed biologicals or biologics) are therapeutics that are synthesized by living organisms and directed against a specific determinant, for example, a cytokine or receptor. In inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, biologicals have revolutionized the treatment of several immune-mediated disorders. Biologicals have also been tested in allergic disorders. These include agents targeting IgE; T helper 2 (Th2)-type and Th2-promoting cytokines, including interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, IL-31, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP); pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF); chemokine receptor CCR4; and lymphocyte surface and adhesion molecules, including CD2, CD11a, CD20, CD25, CD52, and OX40 ligand. In this task force paper of the Interest Group on Biologicals of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, we review biologicals that are currently available or tested for the use in various allergic and urticarial pathologies, by providing an overview on their state of development, area of use, adverse events, and future research directions.
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  • Calafat, J, et al. (författare)
  • The bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is membrane-associated in azurophil granules of human neutrophils, and relocation occurs upon cellular activation
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. - 1600-0463. ; 108:3, s. 201-208
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Neutrophilic granulocytes contain the 55 kDa bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI). BPI binds to lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and exerts bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against a wide variety of Gram-negative bacterial species. We have investigated the subcellular location of BPI in immature and mature neutrophils using cryotechnique for immunoelectron microscopy. BPI was found to colocate with myeloperoxidase (MPO), a marker for azurophil granules, and it also showed the same pattern of distribution as CD63, a transmembrane-anchored protein. This suggests that BPI is membrane-associated in the azurophil granules in neutrophils. Its presence in azurophil granules was further confirmed by the finding of BPI in the azurophil granules of neutrophil promyelocytes of the bone marrow. Induction of selective release of azurophilic granules by the Na-ionophore monensin resulted in fusion of endosomes with azurophil granules, leading to the formation of large vacuoles containing MPO, CD63, and BPI. After phagocytosis of serum-treated zymosan (STZ), BPI was detected in phagosomes, both in association with membranes as well as in the lumen, suggesting the release of BPI into activated compartments. The results show that BPI is present in azurophil granules, is probably primarily membrane-associated, and is relocated after activation, following the same route as MPO and CD63.
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  • Calafat, J, et al. (författare)
  • The bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is present in specific granules of human eosinophils
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Blood. - 1528-0020. ; 91:12, s. 4770-4775
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Eosinophils participate in the inflammatory response seen in allergy and parasitic infestation, but a role in host defense against bacterial infection is not settled. The bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) has been demonstrated in neutrophils and it exerts bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against a wide variety of Gram-negative bacterial species. Using the Western blot technique, a 55-kD band, corresponding to BPI, was detected in lysates from both neutrophils and eosinophils. The localization of BPI in immature and mature eosinophils was investigated using immunoelectron microscopy. BPI was found in immature and mature specific granules of eosinophils and was detected in phagosomes as well, indicating release of the protein from the granules into the phagosomes. Using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, eosinophils were shown to contain 179 ng of BPI/5 x 10(6) eosinophils compared with 710 ng BPI/5 x 10(6) neutrophils. The presence of BPI in eosinophils suggests a role for these cells in host defense against Gram-negative bacterial invasion or may suggest a role for BPI against parasitic infestation.
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  • Calafat, J, et al. (författare)
  • Ultrastructural localization of Charcot-Leyden crystal protein in human eosinophils and basophils
  • 1997
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Haematology. - 1600-0609. ; 58:1, s. 56-66
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Charcot-Leyden crystal (CLC) protein with lysophospholipase activity and carbohydrate-binding properties is a characteristic constituent of eosinophils and basophils. We investigated its subcellular distribution using immunoelectron microscopy. Eosinophil progenitors, mature eosinophils and basophils all contained CLC protein in their cytosol and in the euchromatin of the nucleus. A minor population of granules in eosinophils, increasing in number with maturation, and a more abundant granule-population in basophils, were found to contain CLC protein. Double-labeling experiments showed, in eosinophils, that CLC protein-containing granules contain also eosinophil peroxidase, a characteristic specific granule protein. This suggests a relationship between the CLC protein-containing organelle and the specific granule. In basophils both the CLC protein positive and the negative granules showed the same characteristic particulate-like structure of the granular matrix and both share the same membrane marker CD63. In nasal polyps, macrophages were observed phagocytosing necrotic eosinophils. In these macrophages CLC protein-containing vesicles were observed, probably representing late endosomes. The dual (cytosolic/nuclear and granular) localization of CLC protein suggests that this protein enters both a secretory and a nonsecretory pathway during its biosynthesis, indicating functional roles for this protein both within the cell and extracellularly.
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  • Candy, David C. A., et al. (författare)
  • A synbiotic-containing amino-acid-based formula improves gut microbiota in non-IgE-mediated allergic infants
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 83:3, s. 677-686
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Prebiotics and probiotics (synbiotics) can modify gut microbiota and have potential in allergy management when combined with amino-acid-based formula (AAF) for infants with cow’s milk allergy (CMA).Methods: This multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of an AAF-including synbiotic blend on percentages of bifidobacteria and Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium coccoides group (ER/CC) in feces from infants with suspected non-IgE-mediated CMA. Feces from age-matched healthy breastfed infants were used as reference (healthy breastfed reference (HBR)) for primary outcomes. The CMA subjects were randomized and received test or control formula for 8 weeks. Test formula was a hypoallergenic, nutritionally complete AAF including a prebiotic blend of fructo-oligosaccharides and the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium breve M-16V. Control formula was AAF without synbiotics.Results: A total of 35 (test) and 36 (control) subjects were randomized; HBR included 51 infants. At week 8, the median percentage of bifidobacteria was higher in the test group than in the control group (35.4% vs. 9.7%, respectively; P<0.001), whereas ER/CC was lower (9.5% vs. 24.2%, respectively; P<0.001). HBR levels of bifidobacteria and ER/CC were 55% and 6.5%, respectively.Conclusion: AAF including specific synbiotics, which results in levels of bifidobacteria and ER/CC approximating levels in the HBR group, improves the fecal microbiota of infants with suspected non-IgE-mediated CMA.
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36.
  • Delage, F., et al. (författare)
  • ADS fuel developments in Europe : Results from the EUROTRANS integrated project
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 303-313
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fuels to be used in Accelerator Driven Systems dedicated to Minor Actinides transmutation can be described as highly innovative in comparison with those used in critical cores. Indeed, ADS fuels are not fertile, so as to improve the transmutation performance and they contain high volumetric concentrations (∼50%) of minor actinides and plutonium compounds. This unusual fuel composition results in high gamma and neutron emissions during its fabrication, as well as degraded performances under irradiation. Ceramic-Ceramic and Ceramic Metallic composite fuels consisting of particles of (Pu, MA)O2 phases dispersed in a magnesia or molybdenum matrix were investigated within the European Research programme for Transmutation, as driver fuels for a prospective 400MWth transmuter: the European Facility for Industrial Transmutation. Fuel performances and safety of preliminary core designs were evaluated to support the project. Out -of-pile as well as in-pile experiments were carried out to gain essential knowledge on properties and behaviour under irradiation of these types of fuel. This paper gives an overview of experimental results within the project.
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37.
  • Egesten, Arne, et al. (författare)
  • Eosinophil granulocyte interaction with serum-opsonized particles: binding and degranulation are enhanced by tumor necrosis factor alpha
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0097 .- 1018-2438. ; 115:2, s. 121-128
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Eosinophils participate in the inflammatory response seen in allergy and helminthic infestation. Their release of granule-bound cationic proteins may play a role in these diseases. Therefore, we investigated mechanisms involved in the release of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). Serum-opsonized zymosan was phagocytosed by eosinophils, and ECP was released into the phagosomes as judged by immunoelectron microscopy. Degranulation to the external milieu was induced by serum-opsonized, non-phagocytosable Sephadex beads (SOS), and ECP release was determined by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CD11b, CD18, and CD32 monoclonal antibodies inhibited degranulation, demonstrating dependence on complement receptor type 3 (CR3), and the low-affinity Fc receptor for IgG. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-5 both rapidly enhanced the binding of eosinophils to serum-opsonized zymosan, and also the release of ECP upon interaction with SOS. The cytokine-induced increase in ECP release was inhibited by the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor mepacrine, indicating an involvement of PLA2 in the enhanced response but not in baseline degranulation. Autocrine stimulation by the platelet-activating factor (PAF) is unlikely since the PAF receptor antagonist WEB 2086 did not inhibit the enhanced response. In conclusion, the main signals for eosinophil degranulation on serum-opsonized particles are mediated by CR3 and receptors for immunoglobulins. As for IL-5, TNF-alpha changes eosinophil phenotype from a resting to an activated state.
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39.
  • Egesten, Arne, et al. (författare)
  • Localization of granule proteins in human eosinophil bone marrow progenitors
  • 1997
  • Ingår i: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. - 1423-0097. ; 114:2, s. 8-130
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Eosinophils have a characteristic content of cationic proteins, stored in core-containing specific granules and released at sites of inflammation; coreless granules (sometimes called primary) are present in eosinophil promyelocytes. In order to determine a possible relationship between the two granule subsets, immunoelectron-microscopic techniques were used to determine the presence and precise intragranular distribution of major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and arylsulfatase B of eosinophil granules, as well as the Charcot-Leyden crystal (CLC) protein, in eosinophil progenitors of the bone marrow. MBP, ECP, EPO, and arylsulfatase B were observed in both coreless and core-containing (specific) granules. The difference in the distribution of MBP, having a uniform distribution in coreless granules and a crystalloid distribution in core-containing (specific) granules, could indicate a maturational process of a common organelle. CLC protein was distributed in the cytosol, in the euchromatin of the nuclei, but was also present in a rare granular compartment of both immature and mature eosinophils. The present findings suggest that coreless granules develop into core-containing specific granules.
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40.
  • Egesten, Arne, et al. (författare)
  • Subcellular localization of transforming growth factor-alpha in human eosinophil granulocytes
  • 1996
  • Ingår i: Blood. - 1528-0020. ; 87:9, s. 8-3910
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Eosinophils are involved in the inflammatory response seen in allergy and helminthic infestations. Eosinophils synthesize transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), which may play a role in the development of the characteristic fibrosis seen in longstanding high eosinophilia. Using immunoelectron microscopic techniques, eosinophils from peripheral blood of healthy individuals and from one patient with high eosinophilia showed presence TGF-alpha in matrix of the specific crystalloid-containing granules. In cryosections, TGF-alpha was also visualized in a vesicular compartment of the cytoplasm. In double-labeling experiments, the TGF-alpha of this latter compartment did not colocalize with CD63, a marker for lysosomes, nor with albumin of secretory vesicles. In extracts from eosinophils, obtained from healthy donors, immunoreactive TGF-alpha could be detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-technique. In addition, sera from two patients with high eosinophilia showed TGF-alpha concentrations of 1.5 ng/mL and 164 pg/mL, respectively, whereas TGF-alpha could not be detected in serum from healthy controls. In conclusion, TGF-alpha is present in the specific granules, and in an additional vesicular compartment of the cytoplasm of eosinophils.
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41.
  • Fox, Adam T., et al. (författare)
  • A specific synbiotic-containing amino acid-based formula in dietary management of cow's milk allergy : a randomized controlled trial
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Allergy. - : BioMed Central. - 2045-7022. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Here we report follow-up data from a double-blind, randomized, controlled multicenter trial, which investigated fecal microbiota changes with a new amino acid-based formula (AAF) including synbiotics in infants with non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated cow’s milk allergy (CMA).Methods: Subjects were randomized to receive test product (AAF including fructo-oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve M-16V) or control product (AAF) for 8 weeks, after which infants could continue study product until 26 weeks. Fecal percentages of bifidobacteria and Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium coccoidesgroup (ER/CC) were assessed at 0, 8, 12, and 26 weeks. Additional endpoints included stool markers of gut immune status, clinical symptoms, and safety assessments including adverse events and medication use.Results: The trial included 35 test subjects, 36 controls, and 51 in the healthy reference group. Study product was continued by 86% and 92% of test and control subjects between week 8–12, and by 71% and 80%, respectively until week 26. At week 26 median percentages of bifidobacteria were significantly higher in test than control [47.0% vs. 11.8% (p < 0.001)], whereas percentages of ER/CC were significantly lower [(13.7% vs. 23.6% (p = 0.003)]. Safety parameters were similar between groups. Interestingly use of dermatological medication and reported ear infections were lower in test versus control, p = 0.019 and 0.011, respectively. Baseline clinical symptoms and stool markers were mild (but persistent) and low, respectively. Symptoms reduced towards lowest score in both groups.Conclusion: Beneficial effects of this AAF including specific synbiotics on microbiota composition were observed over 26 weeks, and shown suitable for dietary management of infants with non-IgE-mediated CMA.
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42.
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43.
  • Jesenak, Milos, et al. (författare)
  • Eosinophils—from cradle to grave
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - 0105-4538. ; 78:12, s. 3077-3102
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Over the past years, eosinophils have become a focus of scientific interest, especially in the context of their recently uncovered functions (e.g. antiviral, anti-inflammatory, regulatory). These versatile cells display both beneficial and detrimental activities under various physiological and pathological conditions. Eosinophils are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases which can be classified into primary (clonal) and secondary (reactive) disorders and idiopathic (hyper)eosinophilic syndromes. Depending on the biological specimen, the eosinophil count in different body compartments may serve as a biomarker reflecting the underlying pathophysiology and/or activity of distinct diseases and as a therapy-driving (predictive) and monitoring tool. Personalized selection of an appropriate therapeutic strategy directly or indirectly targeting the increased number and/or activity of eosinophils should be based on the understanding of eosinophil homeostasis including their interactions with other immune and non-immune cells within different body compartments. Hence, restoring as well as maintaining homeostasis within an individual's eosinophil pool is a goal of both specific and non-specific eosinophil-targeting therapies. Despite the overall favourable safety profile of the currently available anti-eosinophil biologics, the effect of eosinophil depletion should be monitored from the perspective of possible unwanted consequences.
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44.
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45.
  • Matricardi, PM, et al. (författare)
  • EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : Wiley. - 1399-3038. ; 2727 Suppl 23, s. 1-250
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
  •  
46.
  • Mischke, M., et al. (författare)
  • Specific synbiotics in early life protect against diet-induced obesity in adult mice
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism. - : Wiley. - 1462-8902. ; 20:6, s. 1408-1418
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims: The metabolic state of human adults is associated with their gut microbiome. The symbiosis between host and microbiome is initiated at birth, and early life microbiome perturbation can disturb health throughout life. Here, we determined how beneficial microbiome interventions in early life affect metabolic health in adulthood. Methods: Postnatal diets were supplemented with either prebiotics (scGOS/lcFOS) or synbiotics (scGOS/lcFOS with Bifidobacterium breve M-16 V) until post-natal (PN) day 42 in a well-established rodent model for nutritional programming. Mice were subsequently challenged with a high-fat Western-style diet (WSD) for 8 weeks. Body weight and composition were monitored, as was gut microbiota composition at PN21, 42 and 98. Markers of glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and host transcriptomics of 6 target tissues were determined in adulthood (PN98). Results: Early life synbiotics protected mice against WSD-induced excessive fat accumulation throughout life, replicable in 2 independent European animal facilities. Adult insulin sensitivity and dyslipidaemia were improved and most pronounced changes in gene expression were observed in the ileum. We observed subtle changes in faecal microbiota composition, both in early life and in adulthood, including increased abundance of Bifidobacterium. Microbiota transplantation using samples collected from synbiotics- supplemented adolescent mice at PN42 to age-matched germ-free recipients did not transfer the beneficial phenotype, indicating that synbiotics-modified microbiota at PN42 is not sufficient to transfer long-lasting protection of metabolic health status. Conclusion: Together, these findings show the potential and importance of timing of synbiotic interventions in early life during crucial microbiota development as a preventive measure to lower the risk of obesity and improve metabolic health throughout life. RAHAMSEBERKEVELD, 2016, J NUTR SCI, V5
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