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- Grosselli, L, et al.
(författare)
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Dos and Don'ts in Designing School-Based Awareness Programs for Suicide Prevention
- 2022
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Ingår i: Crisis. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 2151-2396 .- 0227-5910. ; 43:4, s. 270-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract. Background: Despite the promising evidence for the effectiveness of school-based awareness programs in decreasing the rates of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts in young people, no guidelines on the targets and methods of safe and effective awareness programs exist. Aims: This study intends to distill recommendations for school-based suicide awareness and prevention programs from experts. Method: A three-stage Delphi survey was administered to an expert panel between November 2018 and March 2019. A total of 214 items obtained from open-ended questions and the literature were rated in two rounds. Consensus and stability were used as assessment criteria. Results: The panel consisted of 19 participants in the first and 13 in the third stage. Recommended targets included the reduction of suicide attempts, the enhancement of help-seeking and peer support, as well as the promotion of mental health literacy and life skills. Program evaluation, facilitating access to healthcare, and long-term action plans across multiple levels were among the best strategies for the prevention of adverse effects. Limitations: The study is based on opinions of a rather small number of experts. Conclusion: The promotion of help-seeking and peer support as well as facilitating access to mental health-care utilities appear pivotal for the success of school-based awareness programs.
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- Sisask, M, et al.
(författare)
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Severity of attempted suicide as measured by the Pierce Suicidal Intent Scale
- 2009
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Ingår i: Crisis. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 2151-2396 .- 0227-5910. ; 30:3, s. 136-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Suicidal intent is an essential feature of suicidal behavior. Previous research has been controversial and the need for further evidence has been pointed out. Aims: The aim of the present study was to characterize the severity of attempted suicide by extracting components of suicidal intent and analyzing levels of suicidal intent by gender, age, and variables indicating the severity of attempted suicide. Methods: Data on suicide attempters (N = 469) were collected in Estonia using WHO SUPRE-MISS methodology. To measure suicidal intent, a revised version of the Pierce Suicidal Intent Scale (PSIS) was used. Results: The level of suicidal intent was not gender-dependent, but rose with age. Males and females were also similar in terms of discrete components. Classified in age groups, their unequivocally expressed “wish to die” was similar, but equivocal communication (components termed “arrangements” and “circumstances”) increased with age. Middle-aged groups scored higher for the “alcohol/drugs” component. Psychiatric diagnosis, method of attempting suicide, and duration of hospitalization were linked to suicidal intent, but danger to life as assessed by interviewers was not. Conclusions: In suicide-risk assessment, results from a Suicidal Intent Scale contribute to clinical observation and add valuable information about a suicidal person’s real intention.
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- Varnik, P, et al.
(författare)
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Massive increase in injury deaths of undetermined intent in ex-USSR Baltic and Slavic countries: hidden suicides?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 38:4, s. 395-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Observed changes in subcategories of injury death were used to test the hypothesis that a sizeable proportion of ‘‘injury deaths of undetermined intent’’ (Y10—Y34 in ICD 10) in the Baltic and Slavic countries after the USSR dissolved in 1991 were hidden suicides. Methods: Using male age-adjusted suicide rates for two distinctly different periods, 1981—90 and 1992—2005, changes, ratios and correlations were calculated. The data were compared with the EU average. Results: After the USSR broke up, the obligation to make a definitive diagnosis became less strict. A massive increase in ‘‘injury deaths of undetermined intent’’ resulted. The mean rate for the second period reached 52.8 per 100,000 males in Russia (the highest rate) and 12.9 in Lithuania (the lowest), against 3.2 in EU-15. The rise from the first to the second period was highest in Belarus (56%) and Russia (44%). The number of injury deaths of undetermined intent was almost equal to that of suicides in Russia in 2005 (ratio 1.0) and Ukraine in 2002 (1.1). In all the countries, especially the Slavic ones, prevalence trends of injury-death subcategories were uniform, i.e. strongly correlated over time. No direct substitution of one diagnosis for another was evident. Conclusions: There is no evidence that the category of ‘‘injury deaths of undetermined intent’’ in the Baltic and Slavic countries hides suicides alone. Aggregate level analysis indicates that accidents and homicides could sometimes be diagnosed as undetermined.
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