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- Milstead, David A., et al.
(författare)
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The active muon shield in the SHiP experiment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The SHiP experiment is designed to search for very weakly interacting particles beyond the Standard Model which are produced in a 400 GeV/c proton beam dump at the CERN SPS. An essential task for the experiment is to keep the Standard Model background level to less than 0.1 event after 2 x 10(20) protons on target. In the beam dump, around 10(11) muons will be produced per second. The muon rate in the spectrometer has to be reduced by at least four orders of magnitude to avoid muon-induced combinatorial background. A novel active muon shield is used to magnetically deflect the muons out of the acceptance of the spectrometer. This paper describes the basic principle of such a shield, its optimization and its performance.
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- Guisado-Clavero, M., et al.
(författare)
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The role of primary health care in long-term care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in 30 European countries: a retrospective descriptive study (Eurodata study)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Primary Health Care Research and Development. - 1463-4236. ; 24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aim:Primary health care (PHC) supported long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in attending COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study is to describe the role of PHC in LTCFs in Europe during the early phase of the pandemic.Methods:Retrospective descriptive study from 30 European countries using data from September 2020 collected with an ad hoc semi-structured questionnaire. Related variables are SARS-CoV-2 testing, contact tracing, follow-up, additional testing, and patient care.Results:Twenty-six out of the 30 European countries had PHC involvement in LTCFs during the COVID-19 pandemic. PHC participated in initial medical care in 22 countries, while, in 15, PHC was responsible for SARS-CoV-2 test along with other institutions. Supervision of individuals in isolation was carried out mostly by LTCF staff, but physical examination or symptom's follow-up was performed mainly by PHC.Conclusion:PHC has participated in COVID-19 pandemic assistance in LTCFs in coordination with LTCF staff, public health officers, and hospitals.
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- Almessiere, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Review on functional bi-component nanocomposites based on hard/soft ferrites : Structural, magnetic, electrical and microwave absorption properties
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nano-Structures and Nano-Objects. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-507X. ; 26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bi-component hard (H) (hexaferrite) and soft (S) (spinel) ferrites nanocomposites are gaining interest scientifically and technically, not only for combining the high magnetization of spinel ferrite nanomaterials and the high coercivity of hexaferrite magnetic nanomaterials but also for the outstanding exchange-coupling behavior among hard and soft magnetic phase. The improved magnetic features lead to produce a new nanocomposite with higher microwave absorption capacity in comparison with ferrites with a single absorption mechanism. Exchange-coupled effect has a potential application based on microwave absorption, recording media, permanent magnets, biomedical and other applications. Intensive studies have been conducted on this topic to produce hard/soft (H/S) ferrite nanocomposites with establishment of exchange coupled effect between the two phases. Preparation methods, microstructure, magnetics features, microwave and dielectric properties, and applications are elaborated. Consequently, a comprehensive effort has been made to contain an original reference investigating in detail the precise outcomes of the published papers.
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- Ares-Blanco, S., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical pathway of COVID-19 patients in primary health care in 30 European countries: Eurodata study
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of General Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1381-4788 .- 1751-1402. ; 29:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMost COVID-19 patients were treated in primary health care (PHC) in Europe.ObjectivesTo demonstrate the scope of PHC workflow during the COVID-19 pandemic emphasising similarities and differences of patient's clinical pathways in Europe.MethodsDescriptive, cross-sectional study with data acquired through a semi-structured questionnaire in PHC in 30 European countries, created ad hoc and agreed upon among all researchers who participated in the study. GPs from each country answered the approved questionnaire. Main variable: PHC COVID-19 acute clinical pathway. All variables were collected from each country as of September 2020.ResultsCOVID-19 clinics in PHC facilities were organised in 8/30. Case detection and testing were performed in PHC in 27/30 countries. RT-PCR and lateral flow tests were performed in PHC in 23/30, free of charge with a medical prescription. Contact tracing was performed mainly by public health authorities. Mandatory isolation ranged from 5 to 14 days. Sick leave certification was given exclusively by GPs in 21/30 countries. Patient hotels or other resources to isolate patients were available in 12/30. Follow-up to monitor the symptoms and/or new complementary tests was made mainly by phone call (27/30). Chest X-ray and phlebotomy were performed in PHC in 18/30 and 23/30 countries, respectively. Oxygen and low-molecular-weight heparin were available in PHC (21/30).ConclusionIn Europe PHC participated in many steps to diagnose, treat and monitor COVID-19 patients. Differences among countries might be addressed at European level for the management of future pandemics.
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- Gardumi, Francesco, et al.
(författare)
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Carrying out a multi-model integrated assessment of European energy transition pathways : Challenges and benefits
- 2022
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 258, s. 124329-124329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the publication of the European Green Deal, the European Union has committed to reaching carbon neutrality by 2050. The envisaged reductions of direct greenhouse gases emissions are seen as technically feasible, but if a wrong path is pursued, significant unintended impacts across borders, sectors, societies and ecosystems may follow. Without the insights gained from an impact assessment framework reaching beyond the techno-economic perspective, the pursuit of direct emission reductions may lead to counterproductive outcomes in the long run. We discuss the opportunities and challenges related to the creation and use of an integrated assessment framework built to inform the European Commission on the path to decarbonisation. The framework is peculiar in that it goes beyond existing ones in its scope, depth and cross-scale coverage, by use of numerous specialised models and case studies. We find challenges of consistency that can be overcome by linking modelling tools iteratively in some cases, harmonising modelling assumptions in others, comparing model outputs in others. We find the highest added value of the framework in additional insights it provides on the technical feasibility of decarbonisation pathways, on vulnerability aspects and on unintended environmental and health impacts on national and sub-national scale.
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- Slimani, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasound-assisted synthesis and magnetic investigations of Ni0.4Cu0.4Zn0.2GaxGdxFe2-2xO4 (0.00 <= x <= 0.04) nanosized spinel ferrites
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Physics A. - : Springer Nature. - 0947-8396 .- 1432-0630. ; 128:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focused on the impact of Ga-Gd co-substitution on the structural, magnetic features and hyperfine interactions of nanosized NiCuZn spinel ferrites [Ni0.4Cu0.4Zn0.2GaxGdxFe2-2xO4 (0.00 <= x <= 0.04) NSFs] synthesized via sonochemical approach using ultrasonic irradiation. X-ray powder pattern (XRD) analyses confirmed cubic spinel structures of products. Crystallites and particle sizes of all samples are found to be between 9-14 nm and 18-22 nm, respectively. The NSF morphology and chemical composition were investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscope (TEM and SEM) along with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). The cation distribution of all ions was evaluated by Mossbauer spectroscopy. The high spin Fe3+ ions determined the isomer shift (I.S.) values. For lower rare-earth dopant ratios, we found that Gd3+ ions occupy B sites, while Ga3+ ions reside in A sites, and thereafter, some Ga3+ ions start to enter B sites. Magnetometry measurements were used to evaluate the effect of magnetic field (H) and temperature (T) on the magnetization of products. For each sample, both coercivity (H-c) and saturation magnetization (M-s) increase when the T decreases below ambient temperature. All substituted samples display M-s values higher than those of non-substituted ones; however, H-c values diminish for x content up to 0.02 and thereafter enlarge. Different magnetization measurements revealed superparamagnetic-to-ferromagnetic transition below the blocking temperature (T-B).
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- Korkmaz, M., et al.
(författare)
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PERSPECTIVE ON FOREST BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS FOR PROTECTED AREAS: A COMPARISON OF TURKISH AND SWEDISH FOREST EXPERT OPINIONS
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. - : CORVINUS UNIV BUDAPEST. - 1589-1623 .- 1785-0037. ; 16:3, s. 3595-3609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a comparative analysis of expert opinions on forest biodiversity indicators for protected areas, using a questionnaire given to forest experts in Turkey and Sweden. Experts were selected according to whether they had studied or worked in areas related to biodiversity, protected areas and sustainable forest management. A Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the differences between the opinions of Swedish and Turkish experts regarding the indicators. The experts from both countries considered "endemic species" and "naturalness" as the most important indicators, while "overused species", "forest distribution and regeneration", "carrying capacity in terms of important species of area" and "the existence of different conservation status of protected areas" were considered equally as the least important indicators. The most important difference between the two groups was related to the indicators "dead wood" and "hollow trees", which Swedish experts found more important than their Turkish counterparts. Two other large differences were that the Swedish experts found "litter layer" much more important and Turkish experts instead found "plant species composition" much more important. The differences between the two groups reveal different perspectives regarding the planning and management of protected areas in each respective country.
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- Davstad, I, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of illicit drug use and retention in a methadone program: a longitudinal study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of opioid management. - : Weston Medical Publishing. - 1551-7489. ; 3:1, s. 27-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to analyze illicit drug use of participants in a methadone treatment program in relation to methadone dose, counseling, and retention.Methods: This was a longitudinal study of a cohort of 204 heroin-dependent subjects admitted for the first time to a methadone program in Stockholm. The patients were admitted between 1995 and mid-2000 and were followed until December 2000 or discharge. Up to June 11, 1998, individual psychosocial counseling was provided; after this date individual counseling was replaced with group counseling. Clinical data were collected from patient records and from a laboratory database. Rates of drugpositive urine analyses during different time periods were measured.Results: The mean observation time was 2.5 years for all patients. The one-year retention rate was 84 percent, and the two-year rate was 65 percent, with no major differences between the two counseling groups. Almost all patients relapsed to illicit drug use. Discharged patients had a significantly higher rate of positive urine samples (21 percent versus 9 percent) than patients who remained in treatment. Also, low methadone dose and younger age predicted discharge from treatment.Conclusion: The frequent urine monitoring showed that illicit drug use was rather common, even in a program with structured psychosocial interventions, although it was lower than in other studies. This testing policy can be used for early identification of patients at risk for drop-out or discharge who should be offered complementary interventions.
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- Doğanülkü, H. A., et al.
(författare)
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Fear of COVID-19 lead to procrastination among Turkish university students : The mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Psychology. - : BioMed Central. - 2050-7283. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has not only increased mortality but has also negatively affected mental health among populations across the world. Furthermore, individuals are experiencing uncertainty about their current and future situation because of the pandemic. Therefore, the present study investigated the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and procrastination among a sample of Turkish university students. Methods: Between October and November 2020, 450 university students (291 females and 159 males aged 17 to 24 years) from three state universities in Turkey completed an online survey. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling methods were employed to examine a model for understanding the general procrastination during COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The results of the correlation analysis indicated that the fear of COVID-19 was positively correlated with both intolerance of uncertainty (r =.26, p <.001) and procrastination (r =.23, p <.001). The mediation analysis also showed that intolerance of uncertainty had a significant mediating role in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and procrastination (β =.11, p <.001). Conclusion: Reducing the fear of COVID-19 and intolerance of uncertainty is likely to contribute to reducing individuals’ procrastination behaviors during the pandemic.
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| 18. |
- Olsen, Hanne T., et al.
(författare)
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Nonsedation or Light Sedation in Critically Ill, Mechanically Ventilated Patients
- 2020
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 382:12, s. 1103-1111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients, daily interruption of sedation has been shown to reduce the time on ventilation and the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). Data on whether a plan of no sedation, as compared with a plan of light sedation, has an effect on mortality are lacking. Methods In a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, we assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, mechanically ventilated ICU patients to a plan of no sedation (nonsedation group) or to a plan of light sedation (i.e., to a level at which the patient was arousable, defined as a score of -2 to -3 on the Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale [RASS], on which scores range from -5 [unresponsive] to +4 [combative]) (sedation group) with daily interruption. The primary outcome was mortality at 90 days. Secondary outcomes were the number of major thromboembolic events, the number of days free from coma or delirium, acute kidney injury according to severity, the number of ICU-free days, and the number of ventilator-free days. Between-group differences were calculated as the value in the nonsedation group minus the value in the sedation group. Results A total of 710 patients underwent randomization, and 700 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. The characteristics of the patients at baseline were similar in the two trial groups, except for the score on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, which was 1 point higher in the nonsedation group than in the sedation group, indicating a greater chance of in-hospital death. The mean RASS score in the nonsedation group increased from -1.3 on day 1 to -0.8 on day 7 and, in the sedation group, from -2.3 on day 1 to -1.8 on day 7. Mortality at 90 days was 42.4% in the nonsedation group and 37.0% in the sedated group (difference, 5.4 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.2 to 12.2; P=0.65). The number of ICU-free days and of ventilator-free days did not differ significantly between the trial groups. The patients in the nonsedation group had a median of 27 days free from coma or delirium, and those in the sedation group had a median of 26 days free from coma or delirium. A major thromboembolic event occurred in 1 patient (0.3%) in the nonsedation group and in 10 patients (2.8%) in the sedation group (difference, -2.5 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.8 to -0.7 [unadjusted for multiple comparisons]). Conclusions Among mechanically ventilated ICU patients, mortality at 90 days did not differ significantly between those assigned to a plan of no sedation and those assigned to a plan of light sedation with daily interruption. (Funded by the Danish Medical Research Council and others; NONSEDA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01967680.)
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