| 1. |
- O'Hanlon, Simon J., et al.
(författare)
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Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 360:6389, s. 621-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Globalized infectious diseases are causing species declines worldwide, but their source often remains elusive. We used whole-genome sequencing to solve the spatiotemporal origins of themost devastating panzootic to date, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a proximate driver of global amphibian declines. We traced the source of B. dendrobatidis to the Korean peninsula, where one lineage, BdASIA-1, exhibits the genetic hallmarks of an ancestral population that seeded the panzootic. We date the emergence of this pathogen to the early 20th century, coinciding with the global expansion of commercial trade in amphibians, and we show that intercontinental transmission is ongoing. Our findings point to East Asia as a geographic hotspot for B. dendrobatidis biodiversity and the original source of these lineages that now parasitize amphibians worldwide.
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| 2. |
- Fisher, Matthew C., et al.
(författare)
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Development and worldwide use of non-lethal, and minimal population-level impact, protocols for the isolation of amphibian chytrid fungi
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parasitic chytrid fungi have emerged as a significant threat to amphibian species worldwide, necessitating the development of techniques to isolate these pathogens into culture for research purposes. However, early methods of isolating chytrids from their hosts relied on killing amphibians. We modified a pre-existing protocol for isolating chytrids from infected animals to use toe clips and biopsies from toe webbing rather than euthanizing hosts, and distributed the protocol to researchers as part of the BiodivERsA project RACE; here called the RML protocol. In tandem, we developed a lethal procedure for isolating chytrids from tadpole mouthparts. Reviewing a database of use a decade after their inception, we find that these methods have been applied across 5 continents, 23 countries and in 62 amphibian species. Isolation of chytrids by the non-lethal RML protocol occured in 18% of attempts with 207 fungal isolates and three species of chytrid being recovered. Isolation of chytrids from tadpoles occured in 43% of attempts with 334 fungal isolates of one species (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) being recovered. Together, these methods have resulted in a significant reduction and refinement of our use of threatened amphibian species and have improved our ability to work with this group of emerging pathogens.
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| 3. |
- Kosch, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Engagement, not Dependence: Ethically Designing Assistive Systems for Users with Cognitive Impairments
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : ACM.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assistive systems supporting users with cognitive impairments are commonplace in sheltered living facilities. Assistive systems may collect data or analyze user behavior to tailor services for the users' type and level of impairment. However, ways to integrate ethical standards into the design and deployment of assistive systems for users with cognitive impairments are not yet established. We conducted a qualitative inquiry inspired by literature in ethics to address this. We interviewed caretakers and tenants with cognitive impairments in a sheltered living facility. We present four themes that describe the lived practice of ethics when using assistive systems: Autonomy & Independence, Confidence in Technology, Motivation, and Communal Living. Combining the themes with ethics theory, we derived five design implications for the ethical design of assistive systems. Our work proposes boundaries in which new assistive systems can be designed ethically and guide future assistive systems for marginalized populations.
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| 4. |
- Stefanidi, Evropi, et al.
(författare)
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Literature Reviews in HCI: A Review of Reviews
- 2023
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Ingår i: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyses Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) literature reviews to provide a clear conceptual basis for authors, reviewers, and readers. HCI is multidisciplinary and various types of literature reviews exist, from systematic to critical reviews in the style of essays. Yet, there is insufficient consensus of what to expect of literature reviews in HCI. Thus, a shared understanding of literature reviews and clear terminology is needed to plan, evaluate, and use literature reviews, and to further improve review methodology. We analysed 189 literature reviews published at all SIGCHI conferences and ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) up until August 2022. We report on the main dimensions of variation: (i) contribution types and topics; and (ii) structure and methodologies applied. We identify gaps and trends to inform future meta work in HCI and provide a starting point on how to move towards a more comprehensive terminology system of literature reviews in HCI.
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| 5. |
- Deja, Jordan Aiko, et al.
(författare)
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Intelligent Music Interfaces : When Interactive Assistance and Augmentation Meet Musical Instruments
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings 4th Augmented Humans International Conference, AHs 2023. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 379-383
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interactive augmentation of musical instruments to foster self-expressiveness and learning has a rich history. Over the past decades, the incorporation of interactive technologies into musical instruments emerged into a new research field requiring strong collaboration between different disciplines. The workshop "Intelligent Music Interfaces"covers a wide range of musical research subjects and directions, including (a) current challenges in musical learning, (b) prototyping for improvements, (c) new means of musical expression, and (d) evaluation of the solutions.
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| 6. |
- Faltaous, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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EMStriker: Potentials of Enhancing the Training Process of Racket-based Sports via Electrical Muscle Stimulation
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : ACM.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Racket sports offer an enjoyable form of physical activity and are fertile ground for interactive technologies supporting new players. Yet, current research has neglected its potential to support not only active players but also coaches in their training methods. To investigate how interactive technologies can support skill acquisition in training, we designed an Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) system that helps maintain the ready position in crossminton. We compared the system with a vibrotactile solution in a user study, interviewing novice players and experienced coaches about their perception of the system. The system allowed coaches to effectively and immediately guide players to the ready position. An EMS-based feedback system for coaches can potentially reduce delay (physical and cognitive) for trainees, as stated by coaches. Our work contributes insights into designing systems that facilitate learning sports techniques using interactive feedback.
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| 7. |
- Gustavsson, B., et al.
(författare)
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Electron gyroharmonic effects in ionization and electron acceleration during high-frequency pumping in the ionosphere
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 97:19, s. 195002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical emissions and incoherent scatter radar data obtained during high-frequency electromagnetic pumping of the ionospheric plasma from the ground give data on electron energization in an energy range from 2 to 100 eV. Optical emissions at 4278 angstrom from N-2(+) that require electrons with energies above the 18 eV ionization energy give the first images ever of pump-induced ionization of the thermosphere. The intensity at 4278 angstrom is asymmetric around the ionospheric electron gyroharmonic, being stronger above the gyroresonance. This contrasts with emissions at 6300 angstrom from O(D-1) and of electron temperature enhancements, which have minima at the gyroharmonic but have no apparent asymmetry. This direct evidence of pump-induced ionization contradicts previous indirect evidence, which indicated that ionization is most efficiently produced when the pump frequency was below the gyroharmonic.
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| 8. |
- Karolus, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Imprecise but Fun: Playful Interaction Using Electromyography
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 2573-0142. ; 6:MHCI
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel input methods for game design often excite users, especially if they extend the way one interacts with the system. Electromyography (EMG) has the inherent potential to provide an intuitive—yet challenging—input channel for interactive systems. While this difficulty in control often limits the scope of applications for EMG in most systems, we argue that these qualities are especially relevant for games and playful interaction. The inherently challenging qualities of EMG input make the modality a prime candidate for designing body-centric playful experiences. Yet, we still need to understand its limitations to create engaging rather than frustrating experiences for users. In this work, we investigate EMG’s potential to support playful interaction through exploratory studies, deriving feasible game interactions based on EMG’s technical constraints, and study their application in game design. Based on our findings, we highlight design implications and pitfalls to avoid when creating EMG-based entertainment systems.
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| 9. |
- Karolus, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Mirror, mirror on thewall: Exploring ubiquitous artifacts for health tracking
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 148-157
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- While fitness trackers are increasingly popular among users, recent studies have shown that the health benefits of wearing a tracker are not apparent. The need to explicitly retrieve data can lead to limited benefits. Understanding how users can access, understand, and reflect on their data can lead to building systems that benefit our wellbeing. In this work, we explore the feasibility of using ubiquitous artifacts for unobtrusive feedback in health tracking. We evaluated a concept based on design dimensions for personal visualization on a smart mirror in a user study. Our design puts emphasis on the temporality of presented data. Participants found the visualizations comprehensive, rating cardiac and inertial data most useful as well as approved the different levels of temporal aggregation. Our work contributes findings on how to represent health-related data with ubiquitous artifacts to increase users' awareness.
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| 10. |
- Katins, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing User Apprehensions About Mixed Reality Artifacts and Applications: The Mixed Reality Concerns (MRC) Questionnaire
- 2024
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Ingår i: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current research in Mixed Reality (MR) presents a wide range of novel use cases for blending virtual elements with the real world. This yet-to-be-ubiquitous technology challenges how users currently work and interact with digital content. While offering many potential advantages, MR technologies introduce new security, safety, and privacy challenges. Thus, it is relevant to understand users' apprehensions towards MR technologies, ranging from security concerns to social acceptance. To address this challenge, we present the Mixed Reality Concerns (MRC) Questionnaire, designed to assess users' concerns towards MR artifacts and applications systematically. The development followed a structured process considering previous work, expert interviews, iterative refinements, and confirmatory tests to analytically validate the questionnaire. The MRC Questionnaire offers a new method of assessing users' critical opinions to compare and assess novel MR artifacts and applications regarding security, privacy, social implications, and trust.
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| 11. |
- Kosch, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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A Survey on Measuring Cognitive Workload in Human-Computer Interaction
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACM Computing Surveys. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 0360-0300 .- 1557-7341. ; 55:13s
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ever-increasing number of computing devices around us results in more and more systems competing for our attention, making cognitive workload a crucial factor for the user experience of human-computer interfaces. Research in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) has used various metrics to determine users' mental demands. However, there needs to be a systematic way to choose an appropriate and effective measure for cognitive workload in experimental setups, posing a challenge to their reproducibility. We present a literature survey of past and current metrics for cognitive workload used throughout HCI literature to address this challenge. By initially exploring what cognitive workload resembles in the HCI context, we derive a categorization supporting researchers and practitioners in selecting cognitive workload metrics for system design and evaluation. We conclude with three following research gaps: (1) defining and interpreting cognitive workload in HCI, (2) the hidden cost of the NASA-TLX, and (3) HCI research as a catalyst for workload-aware systems, highlighting that HCI research has to deepen and conceptualize the understanding of cognitive workload in the context of interactive computing systems.
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| 12. |
- Kosch, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Intelligent Music Interfaces: When Interactive Assistance and Adaptive Augmentation Meet Musical Instruments
- 2024
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Ingår i: AHs 2024 - Augmented Humans 2024. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 327-330
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interactive augmentation of musical instruments to foster self-expression and learning has a rich history. Over the past decades, incorporating interactive technologies into musical instruments has emerged as a research field requiring strong collaboration between disciplines. The workshop "Intelligent Music Interfaces"covers a wide range of musical research subjects and directions, including (a) current challenges in musical learning, (b) prototyping for improvements, (c) new means of musical expression, and (d) evaluation of the solutions.
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| 13. |
- Kosch, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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NotiBike : Assessing Target Selection Techniques for Cyclist Notifications in Augmented Reality
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 2573-0142. ; 6:MHCI, s. 1-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyclists' attention is often compromised when interacting with notifications in traffic, hence increasing the likelihood of road accidents. To address this issue, we evaluate three notification interaction modalities and investigate their impact on the interaction performance while cycling: gaze-based Dwell Time, Gestures, and Manual And Gaze Input Cascaded (MAGIC) Pointing. In a user study (N=18), participants confirmed notifications in Augmented Reality (AR) using the three interaction modalities in a simulated biking scenario. We assessed the efficiency regarding reaction times, error rates, and perceived task load. Our results show significantly faster response times for MAGIC Pointing compared to Dwell Time and Gestures, while Dwell Time led to a significantly lower error rate compared to Gestures. Participants favored the MAGIC Pointing approach, supporting cyclists in AR selection tasks. Our research sets the boundaries for more comfortable and easier interaction with notifications and discusses implications for target selections in AR while cycling.
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| 14. |
- Marky, Karola, et al.
(författare)
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Intelligent Music Interfaces: When Interactive Assistance and Augmentation Meet Musical Instruments
- 2022
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Ingår i: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. - New York, NY, USA : ACM.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interactive augmentation of musical instruments to foster self-expressiveness and learning has a rich history. Over the past decades, the incorporation of interactive technologies into musical instruments emerged into a new research field requiring strong collaboration between different disciplines. The workshop "Intelligent Music Interfaces"consequently covers a wide range of musical research subjects and directions, including (a) current challenges in musical learning, (b) prototyping for improvements, (c) new means of musical expression, and (d) evaluation of the solutions.
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| 15. |
- Marky, Karola, et al.
(författare)
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Let’s frets! : assisting guitar students during practice via capacitive sensing
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 1-12
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Learning a musical instrument requires regular exercise. However, students are often on their own during their practice sessions due to the limited time with their teachers, which increases the likelihood of mislearning playing techniques. To address this issue, we present Let's Frets - a modular guitar learning system that provides visual indicators and capturing of finger positions on a 3D-printed capacitive guitar fretboard. We based the design of Let's Frets on requirements collected through in-depth interviews with professional guitarists and teachers. In a user study (N=24), we evaluated the feedback modules of Let's Frets against fretboard charts. Our results show that visual indicators require the least time to realize new finger positions while a combination of visual indicators and position capturing yielded the highest playing accuracy. We conclude how Let's Frets enables independent practice sessions that can be translated to other musical instruments.
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| 16. |
- McCrea, Ian, et al.
(författare)
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The science case for the EISCAT_3D radar
- 2015
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Ingår i: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2197-4284. ; 2:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EISCAT (European Incoherent SCATer) Scientific Association has provided versatile incoherent scatter (IS) radar facilities on the mainland of northern Scandinavia (the EISCAT UHF and VHF radar systems) and on Svalbard (the electronically scanning radar ESR (EISCAT Svalbard Radar) for studies of the high-latitude ionised upper atmosphere (the ionosphere). The mainland radars were constructed about 30years ago, based on technological solutions of that time. The science drivers of today, however, require a more flexible instrument, which allows measurements to be made from the troposphere to the topside ionosphere and gives the measured parameters in three dimensions, not just along a single radar beam. The possibility for continuous operation is also an essential feature. To facilitatefuture science work with a world-leading IS radar facility, planning of a new radar system started first with an EU-funded Design Study (2005-2009) and has continued with a follow-up EU FP7 EISCAT_3D Preparatory Phase project (2010-2014). The radar facility will be realised by using phased arrays, and a key aspect is the use of advanced software and data processing techniques. This type of software radar will act as a pathfinder for other facilities worldwide. The new radar facility will enable the EISCAT_3D science community to address new, significant science questions as well as to serve society, which is increasingly dependent on space-based technology and issues related to space weather. The location of the radar within the auroral oval and at the edge of the stratospheric polar vortex is also ideal for studies of the long-term variability in the atmosphere and global change. This paper is a summary of the EISCAT_3D science case, which was prepared as part of the EU-funded Preparatory Phase project for the new facility. Three science working groups, drawn from the EISCAT user community, participated in preparing this document. In addition to these working group members, who are listed as authors, thanks are due to many others in the EISCAT scientific community for useful contributions, discussions, and support.
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| 17. |
- Müller, Florian, et al.
(författare)
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TicTacToes : Assessing Toe Movements as an Input Modality
- 2023
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Ingår i: CHI 2023. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- From carrying grocery bags to holding onto handles on the bus, there are a variety of situations where one or both hands are busy, hindering the vision of ubiquitous interaction with technology. Voice commands, as a popular hands-free alternative, struggle with ambient noise and privacy issues. As an alternative approach, research explored movements of various body parts (e.g., head, arms) as input modalities, with foot-based techniques proving particularly suitable for hands-free interaction. Whereas previous research only considered the movement of the foot as a whole, in this work, we argue that our toes offer further degrees of freedom that can be leveraged for interaction. To explore the viability of toe-based interaction, we contribute the results of a controlled experiment with 18 participants assessing the impact of five factors on the accuracy, efficiency and user experience of such interfaces. Based on the findings, we provide design recommendations for future toe-based interfaces.
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| 18. |
- Schmitz, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Rethinking Smart Objects : The International Workshop on Interacting with Smart Objects in Interactive Spaces
- 2022
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Ingår i: ISS 2022. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 64-67
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing proliferation of smart objects in everyday life has changed how we interact with computers. Instead of concentrating computational capabilities and interaction into one device, everyday objects have naturally integrated parts of interactive features. Although this has led to many practical applications, the possibilities for explicit or implicit interaction with such objects are still limited in interaction spaces. We still often rely on smartphones as interactive hubs for controlling smart objects, hence not fulfilling the vision of truly smart objects. The workshop Rethinking Smart Objects invites practitioners and researchers from both academia and industry to discuss novel interaction paradigms and the integration and societal implications of using smart objects in interactive space. This workshop will include an action plan with leading questions, aiming to move the research field forward.
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| 19. |
- Voit, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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The attention Kitchen: Comparing modalities for smart home notifications in a cooking scenario
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 90-97
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A steadily increasing number of notifications, auditory, visual or ambient, competes for the user's attention. Frequent unsuitable notifications can lead to a breakdown in efficiency and increase error rates. This paper compares the effectiveness, disruptiveness, and user experience of three different notification modalities: On-Object, ambient On-Environment, and On-Smartphone notifications. In a user study with 24 participants, we evaluate the three notification modalities during a cooking task where users were frequently exposed to notifications. Our results show that ambient On-Environment notifications minimize the time in which users can resume their primary task. Ambient On-Environment notifications were also perceived as least disrupting compared to the other two notification modalities. We discuss the design requirements for non-disruptive notifications in smart home environments and conclude with future strategies for notifying users at different urgency levels.
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| 20. |
- Wozniak, Pawel W., 1988, et al.
(författare)
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'I would have Preferred an Ankle Tag': The Lived Experience of a Nationwide Quarantine App
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of MobileHCI 2021 - ACM International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction: Mobile Apart, MobileTogether. - New York, NY, USA : ACM.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to recent technological advancements, governments can exercise an unprecedented amount of power over their citizens. It is vital to understand how governments impose restrictions on citizens through digital technologies, especially if those restrictions can save lives. Here, we look at the case of Home Quarantine - a Polish government-mandated smartphone application whose use has become mandatory during the COVID-19 crisis. Users in quarantine are legally required to use the application, reporting location and take selfie photographs. We conducted an autoethnographic diary study of one author using the app during quarantine and interviews with 23 users. We found that the app assisted in creating quarantine life routines and affected social interactions. Users connected with the world outside quarantine through selfies. We also uncovered key reservations our users had about using this app. Our work broadens the understanding of location-based apps and practices around surveillance technologies.
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