| 1. |
- Albrecht, Martin
(author)
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Enabling socio-technical transitions – electric vehicles and high voltage electricity grids as focal points of low emission futures
- 2017
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Today humankind is facing numerous sustainability challenges that require us to question CO2 intensive practices like those present in the transport and energy sector. To meet those challenges, many countries have adopted ambitious climate targets. Achieving such targets requires an understanding of the wider socio-technical context of transitions. The aim of this licentiate thesis is therefore to analyse such socio-technical transitions towards low-emission futures enabled by the electrification of passenger cars and high voltage grid development.A combination of different transitions theories (for ex. Multi-level perspective and Technological innovation systems) and institutional theory has been used. To reach the aim paper I analyses the climate impacts of electric vehicles (EVs) and policy measures to achieve a breakthrough scenario for EVs. The results show that a mixture of short and long term policies are needed that take into account the technology development stage and behavioural aspects of EV adopters. Paper II addresses the need to include the high voltage transmission grid and its planning procedures as a central part of debates on transitions. Therefore the opportunities, challenges and reasons for conflict in the established regime are studied. The results show that in order to achieve a sustainable grid development regime, it is necessary to spend time on achieving legitimacy and social sustainability. The third paper uses semi-structured expert interviews and focuses on innovation dynamics for EV adoption. By focusing on dynamics instead of single policy measures, it is possible to grasp interactions within a niche, but also in between a niche, regime and landscape. The results show that strong initial technology legitimacy was needed to start substantial innovation dynamics. This could be further strengthened with a strong and broad coalition of actors. Both those factors led, if present, to an improved variety and match of policy instruments.As such this thesis has shown that transitions are not just about technology or policy instruments as such but about the dynamics and processes needed to enable them. This can be relevant in other transitions that otherwise may underestimate the importance of these components.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Elina, et al.
(author)
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Sustainable development for ICT engineering students : “What’s in it for me”?
- 2016
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The importance of sustainable development (SD) is hardly possible to refute; however, sustainable development has been a relatively peripheral subject in computer-related engineering educations. Sustainability, with its global and potentially all-encompassing connotations, is still seen by many Information and Communication Technology (ICT) students as a topic of little relevance to their future careers. So how can teachers convince these students that sustainability is a topic that can be both relevant and interesting for them? From the point of view of the student; “What’s in it for me?”.In this paper we describe and compare our efforts to plan and teach three introductory courses on SD in three different ICT-related educational programmes at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The courses were planned separately, but they will be analysed together. We discuss two dimensions that we have found to be imperative in our endeavour to engage our students. The first dimension is to handle the balance between sustainability on a general level versus sustainability as specifically related to ICT. The second dimension is to handle the tension between teaching facts versus an emphasis on students’ reflections and/or practicing skills. We argue that overcoming the challenge of making sustainability relevant to the students is central for successfully teaching these courses.
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| 3. |
- Ringenson, Tina, et al.
(author)
-
Digitalization and Environmental Aims in Municipalities
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Many municipalities express a wish to use digital technologies to reach environmental aims. However, there is still a need for better understandings of how this should practically be done, both among municipalities and among ICT developers. We have used workshops and literature studies to formulate technological abilities of digitalization. We use two EU directives that are relevant for municipal environmental goals, and combine the activities that these directives indicate, in order to formulate practical implementations of digital technology to help these activities and reach the directives’ goals. We suggest that this method can be used for any municipal goal, as follows: 1. Identify the objective (in our case set by the EU-directives); 2. Identify what activities these points will require or generate; 3a. From a municipal viewpoint: Based on the results of 1 and 2, formulate and structure ideas of how digitalization can support the objectives, and how those ideas can be implemented; 3b. From a provider´s viewpoint: Investigate what digital solutions supporting 1 and 2 exist, or how existing services can be tweaked to support the objectives, and explore how new digital solutions supporting 1 and 2 can be developed.
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| 4. |
- Bieser, Jan C. T., et al.
(author)
-
Impacts of telecommuting on time use and travel : A case study of a neighborhood telecommuting center in Stockholm
- 2021
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In: Travel Behaviour & Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-367X .- 2214-3688. ; 23, s. 157-165
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While telecommuting (TC) research heavily discusses travel impacts of home-based TC, little is known about impacts of working from a neighborhood TC center on travel and non-travel activities and their energy requirements. We conduct a case study on the impacts of the work location (employer's office, TC center, home) on time use and travel using data collected in a neighborhood TC center in Stockholm. Our results show that telecommuters more frequently replaced working from the TC center for working from the more distant employer's office than for working from home. On TC center and home office days, diarists spent less time traveling, and on home office days more time on chores and leisure than on employer office days. When working from the TC center instead of the employer's office, telecommuters frequently used the same or more energy-efficient commute modes, e.g. biking instead of the car, which was feasible because the TC center is in the local neighborhood. However, when working from home, diarists mainly used the car for private travel. Thus, energy savings of TC can be increased by providing energy-efficient transport options or local access to non-work destinations to telecommuters. TC energy impacts depend also on changes to energy requirements for nontravel activities, for space heating/cooling/lighting at all work locations, and systemic TC effects (e.g. residential relocation), which can only be observed in the long term. Thus, future TC assessments should take an even broader perspective in terms of travel and non-travel activities, their energy requirements, and systemic effects.
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| 5. |
- Bieser, Jan C. T., et al.
(author)
-
Toward a method for assessing the energy impacts of telecommuting based on time-use data
- 2022
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In: Travel Behaviour & Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-367X .- 2214-3688. ; 27, s. 107-116
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most telecommuting (TC) studies focus on travel impacts and do not consider changes in time spent on non-travel activities (e.g. 'leisure') and the energy impacts of these changes. We demonstrate a time-use approach to assess interrelations between changes in commuting time and time spent on travel and non-travel activities and associated energy impacts. Time-use data analysis shows that spending less time on commuting is associated with more time spent on 'sleep', 'leisure', 'personal, household and family care', 'private travel' and 'eating and drinking'. Substituting car commuting with 'sleep', 'eating and drinking', common 'leisure' and 'personal, household and family care' activities is likely to reduce energy requirements as these are associated with less energy requirements than car commuting. This is different for 'private travel', 'meal preparation at home', and energy-intensive or out-of-home 'leisure' activities, which are associated with relatively high energy requirements. The commute modal split is a key variable in energy impacts of TC, because transport modes differ in their energy requirements. While car commuters can realize high energy savings through TC, for people who usually bike or walk to work, direct energy savings through reduced commuting are zero. Thus, any additional energy impact due to substitute activities, increases net direct energy requirements. Future research should further investigate the relationship between TC and time spent on (non-)travel activities and the marginal energy requirements of these activities. If so, the time-use approach can become key for assessing energy impacts of TC and other applications which impact individual time allocation.
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| 6. |
- Kramers, Anna
(author)
-
Advanced multimodal traveller information system for reduced energy and GHG emissions
- 2012
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In: Road Transport Information and Control (RTIC 2012), IET and ITS Conference on. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology. - 9781849196741 ; , s. 1-6
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper a systematic investigation of functionality in nine existing multimodal Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS), primarily from Sweden, Germany, the UK, and the US was made in order to identify opportunities to enable the next generation of ATIS to contribute to lower energy usage and GHG emissions. Based on the investigation there is a discussion on possible future functionalities in ATIS that can support the traveller to choose travel modes that could lead to lower energy usage and GHG emissions.
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| 7. |
- Kramers, Anna, 1961-
(author)
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Contribution of ICT to Climate Targets of Cities : Exploring the potential of Information and Communication Technologies in reducing emissions and energy use from buildings and travel
- 2012
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis examines how ICT solutions can assist in lowering energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from buildings and travel in order to help cities meet their climate targets. It also provides an overview of relevant research intended to furnish new knowledge about the issues involved and to find solutions to social problems.The first part of the thesis provides an analysis and compilation of critical system boundaries that need to be used for cities to set targets for energy use and GHG emissions. The climate targets of cities are dependent on setting system boundaries and establishing methods of calculations for monitoring whether the targets have been achieved. Today, there is no official standard for how the system boundaries must be set or what calculation methodologies to apply to evaluate the climate targets. Four main categories of system boundaries were identified: the temporal scope, the object of target setting, the unit of target setting, and the target range (e.g. consumer-producer and lifecycle perspective). Eight European cities were examined in relation to how they set climate targets. The examination showed that awareness of what is included in the targets is limited and that there is a need for standardised and consistent protocols and methods of setting climate targets for cities.In the second part of the thesis, leading Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS) and their functionalities were investigated. The relationship between individual decisions on different travel modes and functionalities of ATIS was investigated through a systematic investigation of the functionality of nine ATIS, mainly from Sweden, Germany, UK and USA. This allowed decisions that could lead to lower energy use and emissions of GHG to be identified. It also resulted in a proposal on requirements for new and improved functionality that could support a reduction in energy use and GHG emissions and a shift to renewable energy sources if implemented in next-generation ATIS.In the third part of the thesis, ICT applications that can be used to reduce energy use and GHG emissions of buildings within the already built environment were identified. In addition, a brief analysis was made of how different actors such as the tenant, the building owner and the energy provider can reduce energy usage in buildings by means of ICT solutions.
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| 8. |
- Kramers, Anna
(author)
-
Designing next generation multimodal traveler information systems to support sustainability-oriented decisions
- 2014
-
In: Environmental Modelling & Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-8152 .- 1873-6726. ; 56, s. 83-93
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article explores functionality that could be included in the next generation multimodal travel information system to support sustainability-oriented decisions. It identifies situations in the journey's three phases, pre-, on- and post-trip that have the potential to change travel patterns and also transport choices that the individual makes in order to perform activities in their daily life. Requirements on a traveler information system were derived from these situations and choices. The identified requirements are then transferred into functionalities in a travel information system that has potentials to encourage decisions that could lead to lower energy usage. Nine traveler information systems for multimodal and public transport travel are systematically investigated to find out if they include the proposed functionality. The investigated systems are in operation primarily in Sweden, Germany, the UK and one has global coverage. The investigation results in a discussion about future opportunities with proposal to encourage sustainability oriented travel decisions in the next generation travel information system.
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| 9. |
- Kramers, Anna, et al.
(author)
-
Elusive targets : Methodological considerations for cities' climate targets
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Cities’ climate targets are dependent on system boundaries and methods of calculations. This article identify, explore and present an overview of methodological considerations of importance in order to facilitate understanding, comparing and setting targets for green house gas emissions and energy use in cities. A survey on how eight European cities set their climate targets is presented. A framework of methodological considerations that are of importance when setting targets for cities is presented. A review of existing GHG accounting protocols, three major sustainable city frameworks and a selection of scientific papers reporting on accounting methodologies was used as a basis for developing the methodological considerations. Four main categories were identified, temporal scope, object for target setting, unit of target, and range of target. For each category there is an in-depth discussion of them in relation to targets for cities. The survey of the European cities showed that there is quite a little awareness of what is, or could be, included in the targets. This makes comparison and benchmarking almost impossible today. It also shows the need for comprehensive and consistent accounting protocols and methodologies.
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| 10. |
- Kramers, Anna, et al.
(author)
-
Flexibla arbetsplatsers betydelse för hållbar utveckling i storstadsregioner
- 2013
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna rapport presenterar en intervjuundersökning som genomförts under våren 2013. Syftet med studien var att undersöka drivkrafter och barriärer för att etablera flexibla arbetsplatser i förorter.Genom flexibla arbetsplatser går det att uppnå miljövinster i form av minskat energiutnyttjande genom minskat resande och bättre utnyttjande av uppvärmda ytor. Studien undersöker ocksåmöjligheten att presentera flexibla arbetsplatser i en reseplanerare som ett alternativ till att pendla till arbetet.
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| 11. |
- Kramers, Anna, 1961-, et al.
(author)
-
Governing the Smart Sustainable City : The case of the Stockholm Royal Seaport
- 2016
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In: PROCEEDINGS OF ICT FOR SUSTAINABILITY 2016. - Amsterdam : Atlantis Press. - 9789462522244 ; , s. 99-108
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to improve the understanding on how city administrations can integrate ICT solutions for urban sustainability into processes of planning, i.e. how to govern the Smart Sustainable City. The paper is based on a case study of how the City of Stockholm has worked with integrating ICT solutions in the urban development project the Stockholm Royal Seaport (SRS). Through interviews with city officials and analysis of planning and policy documents we track how ICT became a part of the environmental program for the SRS, how this type of technology is conceived in terms of relation to the planning and implementation of other urban technologies, as well as what expected effects are highlighted. For this specific case we also distil some general lessons learned regarding what worked well and what did not. Finally, we draw conclusions regarding how ICT and sustainability can be merged in the planning phase of new urban developments and, ultimately, how a city administration can govern a city towards a Smart Sustainable City.
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| 12. |
- Kramers, Anna H, 1961-, et al.
(author)
-
AaaS and MaaS for reduced environmental and climate impact of transport : Creating indicators to identify promising digital service innovations for reduced demand and optimized use of transport resources
- 2018
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In: ICT4S2018. 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Sustainability. - : EasyChair. ; 52, s. 137-152
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, a set of indicators is presented that aim to identify promising service innovations for Accessibility as a Service (AaaS) and Mobility as a Service (MaaS); services that potentially can reduce the demand for transport and optimize use of transport infrastructure and vehicles in urban regions. The proposed indicators characterize service innovations from three different perspectives: 1) Is the service innovation environmentally sustainable? Does it reduce negative impacts on the environment (reduce carbon emissions, use of space), 2) Is it rewardable? Is value created for an organization? Does it make use of new sustainable business models, and 3) How widely is the service spread? How many users are there, what is the geographic distribution and what level of societal transition has occurred? The developed indicators are meant to guide policy makers, decision makers, business developers and academia in the prioritizations that need to be made when allocating land and resources to the most promising and powerful innovations, moving towards more environmentally friendly mobility and accessibility. The next step will be to test the indicators to identify and categorize existing and emerging new services, ideas, pilots and prototypes. The results of this second step will be presented in our next article.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Kramers, Anna
(author)
-
ICT Applications to Lower Energy Usage in the Already Built Environment
- 2013
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In: Sustainability in Energy and Buildings. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642366444 ; , s. 127-135
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ICT could play a role as a key enabler for decreasing energy usage in buildings. This study identifies, list and describe ICT applications that can reduce energy use in buildings without the need for refurbishment or extensive change. For each area of application, there is a study from the actor perspective to understand who can make use of the different ICT applications to influence energy usage.
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| 15. |
- Kramers, Anna, et al.
(author)
-
ICT for Sustainable Cities : How ICT can support an environmentally sustainable development in cities
- 2013
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In: ICT4S 2013. - Zürich. ; , s. 183-189
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article we focus on the opportunities to use ICT to help cities reach their environmental targets and specifically how ICT can support reduction of energy use. We have developed an analytical framework to be able to identify ICT solutions opportunities that can support cities to decrease the energy use that origin from the inhabitants’ consumption in order to reach climate targets. We use a consumption perspective on energy and allocate all energy to the final consumers that are the individuals living in the city. The analytical framework can be used by city administrations and ICT solution companies for identification and mapping of ICT applications and solutions with opportunities for sustainable development in cities.
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| 16. |
- Kramers, Anna
(author)
-
Improving advanced travel information systems to reduce energy usage andGHG emissions in urban areas
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This article identifies and explores connections between travel decisions by individuals and different functions in Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). Ways of encouraging decisions that could lead to lower energy usage and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) were sought. A systematic investigation of the functionality of nine ATIS, primarily from Sweden, Germany, the UK, and the US, resulted in a proposition for improved functionalities, which could enable the next generation of ATIS to contribute to lower energy usage and GHG emissions
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| 17. |
- Kramers, Anna, et al.
(author)
-
Planning for smart sustainable cities : Decisions in the planning process and actor networks
- 2014
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been ascribed an important role for decreasing energy use and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in urban areas. Through automation, dematerialisation, persuasion and soft transformation ICT holds the potential of making urban life more sustainable, without cutting back in quality of life. To fully utilise the potential of ICT for sustainable cities there is a need to reconsider the design and technical specification of buildings and infrastructure systems, as well as what actors to involve in the planning and management of the city. A ubiquitous introduction of ICT for sustainability may also influence the spatial and institutional organisation of the city. In spite of this, there is little research on ICT for sustainable cities from the perspective of planning and governance. This paper aims to abate parts of this knowledge gap through exploring two aspects of planning that we see as crucial for a successful implementation of ICT for sustainable cities. The first of these aspects concerns when in the planning process decisions regarding ICT need to be taken. The second aspect deals with what actor networks are needed to implement the ICT solutions and how these can be managed, or meta-governed. These aspects are explored through literature studies, workshops and interviews with urban planners and other actors engaged in the Royal Seaport project in Stockholm, Sweden.
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| 18. |
- Kramers, Anna, 1961-
(author)
-
Smart Cities and Climate Targets : Reducing cities' energy use with ICT and travel information
- 2014
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis examines use of ICT in helping to reduce energy use in cities, thereby contributing to sustainable development and achievement of cities’ climate targets. It explores how targets can be developed in a consistent and transparent way, how to identify the main ICT ‘hotspots’ as regards reducing citizens’ energy use and how they can be included in city planning. Implementation of mobility management principles and climate targets was tested in two existing solutions, a traveller information system and a flexible work hub solution.Four key methodological considerations when setting climate targets for cities were identified. These concerned decisions on: target setting object, temporal scope, units and target range. A tool was developed for identifying promising ICT hotspots. The tool can also be used to monitor implementation of ICT solutions and the associated technological and socio-technical difficulties. In a case study in Greater Stockholm, the ICT hotspots identified were intelligent building heating systems, intelligent transport system and potential transformation of the physical environment (buildings and roads) enabled by ICT solutions.Two aspects of planning identified as crucial for successful implementation of energy saving ICT solutions were studied in detail: i) Timing of ICT-related decisions in the planning process; and ii) the actor networks needed to implement the ICT solutions and their management. There are few decision points in the current planning process, so the municipality as property owner and its decision-making process are of crucial importance. Two collaborative approaches to govern, network governance and coordination through meta-governance as a way of indirect steering, are proposed.An investigation of nine traveller information systems and a case study in Stockholm of flexible work hub solutions revealed that mobility management approaches to reduce transport demand and encourage environmentally friendly transport modes are poorly reflected in the implementation. To support mobility management approaches, traveller information systems should primarily offer, or be integrated with, other solutions that support the choices “no travel” and “shorter journey”. Flexible work hubs should be located in local nodes closer to people’s homes.The main conclusions from this work were that ICT solutions can be modified to support achievement of cities’ climate targets and that climate targets must be defined using transparent methodology that clarifies the target content, ensuring that the most promising energy saving ICT solutions are implemented.
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| 19. |
- Kramers, Anna, et al.
(author)
-
Smart sustainable cities - Exploring ICT solutions for reduced energy use in cities
- 2014
-
In: Environmental Modelling & Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-8152 .- 1873-6726. ; 56, s. 52-62
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article explores the opportunities of using ICT as an enabling technology to reduce energy use in cities. An analytical framework is developed in which a typology of ICT opportunities is combined with a typology of household functions, i.e. all the activities that require energy. The energy used for household functions is calculated using a consumption-based lifecycle perspective. The analytical framework is intended to be of use to researchers, city and regional authorities and ICT companies interested in acquiring a better understanding of how ICT investments could contribute to reduce energy use in cities.
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| 20. |
- Kramers, Anna, 1961-, et al.
(author)
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Towards a comprehensive system of methodological considerations for cities' climate targets
- 2013
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In: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 62, s. 1276-1287
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Climate targets for cities abound. However, what these targets really imply is dependent on a number of decisions regarding system boundaries and methods of calculation. In order to understand and compare cities' climate targets, there is a need for a generic and comprehensive framework of key methodological considerations. This paper identifies eight key methodological considerations for the different choices that can be made when setting targets for GHG emissions in a city and arranges them in four categories: temporal scope of target, object for target setting, unit of target, and range of target. To explore how target setting is carried out in practice, the climate targets of eight European cities were analysed. The results showed that these targets cover only a limited part of what could be included. Moreover, the cities showed quite limited awareness of what is, or could be, include in the targets. This makes comparison and benchmarking between cities difficult.
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| 21. |
- Kramers, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Work hubs : Location considerations and opportunities for reduced travel
- 2015
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In: PROCEEDINGS OF ENVIROINFO AND ICT FOR SUSTAINABILITY 2015. - : Atlantis Press. - 9789462520929 ; , s. 126-135
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cities worldwide are suffering from congestion among public transport users and motorists. Mayors have set ambitious targets to reduce traffic and improve public transportation, while at the same time reducing energy use. This paper investigates the option of using flexible workplaces in local nodes within urban regions in order to transform transportation needs. The business characteristics of this type of flexible workplace and the driving forces and potential barriers in its establishment are examined in an interview study with existing hub owners. The results provide novel information on emerging technologies related to urban transportation solutions and highlight how ICT solutions can affect the accessibility and relevance of flexible workplaces and thereby support their energy reduction potential.
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| 22. |
- Kriukelyte, Erika, 1989-, et al.
(author)
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Actualizing sustainable transport : the interplay between public policy instruments and shared mobility providers' business models
- 2024
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In: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Nature. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 16:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cities around the world are trying to understand if and how to regulate urban mobility in a way that stimulates innovation and supports business while also promoting public values and accelerating a sustainability transition. Service providers are also attempting to understand how to grow and thrive as a business as they challenge existing urban mobility structures and practices via new mobility services, new uses of public space, etc. Thus, this article seeks to understand the interplay between business models and public policies and, ultimately, the implications policy instruments have on shaping conditions for sustainable urban mobility. To address these questions, a qualitative approach is utilized, comprising case studies of two 'new mobility' service providers (Bolt and Tier) operating in three Northern European cities (Oslo, Stockholm, and Berlin) including interviews with these companies and local public actors. Findings show that the business models are influenced by legitimization on the national level, the local authorities' and service providers' approaches, and policy instruments related to the right to operate, including caps, geographic coverage, parking, geofencing, and data sharing. Utilizing business models and multi-level perspectives, the findings are discussed in relation to actualizing sustainable transport, e.g. interdependencies, goal alignment, and temporal and spatial considerations. The authors emphasize the importance of learning by doing, policy mixes (versus instruments), and purpose-driven collaboration among stakeholders.
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| 23. |
- Kriukelyte, Erika, 1989-
(author)
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The transport sector in transition – : different pathways of handling transport data in urban regions of Helsinki, London, Oslo and Singapore
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The fourth industrial revolution is disrupting almost every industry in every country and the transport sector is not an exception in this discussion, with increasing mobility demands and evolving mobility needs in consideration of global sustainability goals. In light of these technological changes and discussions, public authorities are on the path of transition and the role of public transport authorities is still unclear for themselves, for business or even for society at large. This issue extends to transport data policies as there is still a lack a general overview concerning what pathways different cities are working on and implementing. Therefore, this study, as a part of Swedish research programme Mistra SAMS, aims to provide an overview of policies and the management of data connected with the transport sector in four selected city regions: Helsinki, London, Oslo and Singapore. Three research questions have been examined: 1. How do different transport authorities in urban regions approach transport data and perceive the value of data? 2. What kind of action plan is being implemented to create the public value of transport data within the public authorities? 3. How is all of this reflected in collaboration with third parties? Institutional theory is used in the multi-case analysis to guide the collection of data through document analysis and semi-structured interviews and provides a framework for analysis and structuring of the findings. The findings showcased different approaches to data and overall themes in the institutional context in different regions, which included themes such as policies, administrative reforms, technology, interoperability, partnerships and transport data repository. The final discussion identifies two main development paths: technology-led development and other mobility concept-led development. All regions work actively with transport data management, although each builds their approach on different ideas and practices. The proactive role of the public sector in regulating and implementing new technologies is discussed for each of the urban regions. Partnerships between the public and private sectors are more developed in the urban regions with technology-led development. The study outlines key areas of future research, like the role of public authorities, the importance of public-private partnerships, questions related to the digitalization and interoperability.
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| 24. |
- Ringenson, Tina, et al.
(author)
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Digitalization and environmental aims in municipalities
- 2018
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In: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 10:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many municipalities express a wish to use digital technologies to achieve environmental aims. However, there is still a need for a better understanding of how this should practically be done, both among municipalities and among ICT developers. We have used workshops and literature studies to formulate technological abilities of digitalization.We use two EU directives that are relevant for municipal environmental goals and combine the activities that these directives indicate with technological abilities of digitalization, in order to formulate practical implementations of digital technology to help these activities and reach the directives' goals. We suggest that this method can be used for any municipal goal, as follows: (1) Identify the objective (in our case set by the EU-directives); (2) Identify what activities these points will require or generate; (3a) From a municipal viewpoint: Based on the results of 1 and 2, formulate and structure ideas of how digitalization can support the objectives and how those ideas can be implemented; (3b) From a provider's viewpoint: Investigate what digital solutions supporting 1 and 2 exist, or how existing services can be tweaked to support the objectives and explore how new digital solutions supporting 1 and 2 can be developed.
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| 25. |
- Ringenson, Tina, et al.
(author)
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Indicators for Promising Accessibility and Mobility Services
- 2018
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In: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050 .- 1548-7733. ; :8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cities are increasingly facing major transportation challenges, and new sustainable solutions are needed. New ICT-enabled services can be part of solving the problems, including both improving and finding new transportation services and providing digital access to different services. It is important to identify which services have the best potential for environmental benefits (e.g., travel reduction leading to lesser emissions), economic viability and spread. Such identification can be carried out with the help of indicators. This article uses four types of new accessibility services to test out a previously formulated set of indicators and suggest changes to make them more useful. Using common indicators for transportation and digital accessibility services seem to support collecting and condensing information about the services and simplifies understanding their benefits and challenges. However, a challenge for this approach is finding indicators that are both specific and broad enough to be useful.
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| 26. |
- Ringenson, Tina, 1988-
(author)
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Mobilising digitalisation to serve environmental goals
- 2021
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Human development is currently leading to destruction of the stability of the earth system upon which we depend for our survival. In other words, it is unsustainable. At the same time, urbanisation and digitalisation are progressing at a rapid pace. Digital technologies have a potential to decrease environmental impact from cities and urban lifestyles. Transport and mobility is an important part of urban life, and it has been suggested that digital technology can improve urban transport performance in both accessibility and sustainability. Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is a relatively new concept for provision of mobility services through a digital platform, sometimes together with digital accessibility services that lower the need to travel (Accessibility as a Service – AaaS). It has been suggested that MaaS could offer a real alternative to the privately owned car and lead to more sustainable mobility. However, its real effects in practice are still not well known.This thesis aims to create knowledge to guide public and private actors in developing digital technologies and using digitalisation to support environmental goals, especially regarding urban mobility. The results are structured around three parts. The first part explores strategies and digital services for municipalities that want to use digital technology to support environmental goals. The second part presents requirements for MaaS and AaaS to support environmental goals for urban mobility. To do so, they should reduce travelling overall and reduce environmental impact per kilometre travelled through enabling better modes of transport and lower vehicle emissions. It also suggests that a functional physical infrastructure for public transport and bicycling is important if MaaS are to support environmental goals. The third part identifies important knowledge gaps to explore, if digital services are to support environmental goals. The relationship between digital services, urban form, and sustainability implications is brought up as an important subject for future research, as well as how to ensure that MaaS fulfil the previously identified requirements.Finally, I discuss how to ensure that digital services and MaaS serve environmental goals. There are sometimes grave uncertainties regarding the real effects of various services. Although this makes future effects difficult to predict, it also suggests that investments need to be done strategically, and that data of effects need to be carefully collected and evaluated. Public and private actors both have responsibilities to ensure that digital services fulfil environmental goals. However, it is important not to only look at how to solve specific problems today. To support urban sustainability, we need to think about what kinds of cities we want. We do not have to focus digital services on streamlined, seamless and instant access to things no matter where they are. They can also support urban lifestyles of less focus on physical ownership and daily travelling, and more on positive experiences of sustainable modes of travel and of the local community.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Ringenson, Tina, 1988-, et al.
(author)
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Mobility as a Service and the Avoid-Shift-Improve Approach
- 2022
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In: Advances And New Trends In Environmental Informatics. - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 217-234
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the last few years, "Mobility as a Service" (MaaS) has been conceptualized and researched as a platform for integrated, mixed-mode mobility. While some hope it will lead to environmental benefits, its real effects are still unclear. Here, we explore how MaaS is related to, and can be combined with, the established "Avoid-Shift-Improve" transport planning approach (ASI). We see that the MaaS concept described in research does not support "Avoid"-ing unnecessary transport. We combine learnings from MaaS research with learnings from a living lab, where mobility services can be booked in combination with a local co-working hub for commuters. In both literature and living lab, we especially examine the role of public authorities for ASI inMaaS. We conclude that more research is needed on howMaaS can be guided by ASI, and suggest that non-travel accessibility services, such as coworking hubs, could be part of the MaaS concept to support "Avoid"-ing unnecessary transport. Furthermore, we suggest that urban form needs to be considered in MaaS research. We also see that public authorities have an important role to play in ensuring that MaaS serves ASI and sustainable mobility.
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| 29. |
- Sjöman, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Exploring everyday mobility in a living lab based on economic interventions
- 2020
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In: European Transport Research Review. - : SPRINGEROPEN. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 12:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New mobility solutions, such as Mobility as a Service, have been suggested to have the potential to reduce car ownership and be part of a transition towards a more sustainable transportation system. However, research suggests that governance measures such as taxation and policies will be needed to ensure sustainability aspects. This paper explores everyday mobility by use of interventions in people's everyday lives. The focus is on identifying underlying factors that may motivate or hinder changes that are positive from a sustainability perspective. This is then put in the perspective of new mobility services and policy making. Our findings support the view that privately owned cars are hard to replace with new mobility services that contribute to sustainability and are not based on individual cars. Economic interventions for increased sustainability will likely have limited effects, since the alternatives do not offer what car owners value most. Also, limited understanding of the car's full costs may make the new services appear comparatively more expensive. Furthermore, urban planning to reduce the need for travel, and the capacity of the physical public transport infrastructure will continue to be important. Long vacation trips and "medium sized flows" are identified as opportunities for further research and for new solutions to support sustainable mobility transitions.
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| 30. |
- Vaddadi, Bhavana, Ph.D. Student, et al.
(author)
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Do they work? : Exploring possible potentials of neighbourhood Telecommuting centres in supporting sustainable travel
- 2022
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In: Travel Behaviour & Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-367X .- 2214-3688. ; 29, s. 34-41
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Digitally enabled neighbourhood telecommuting centres (NTCs) in residential areas may have the potential to reduce the environmental burdens of transport by shortening work trips and enabling modal shifts. This paper presents the results of a Living Lab where 67 participants were given access to an NTC. Through this Living Lab, this study identifies several conditions required for an NTC to substantially reduce commuting and overall have a positive impact on sustainable travel. The results indicate that while a small group of participants who lived very close to the NTC made significant lifestyle changes and adopted more sustainable travel practices, the overall changes in the sustainability aspects of travel for most participants were minimal. The majority of the participants merely exchanged a day spent working from home for a day at the NTC, as they were only allowed to be absent from the employer’s office one day per week. Further, some participants found it difficult to work remotely due to organisational roles and workplace norms. Another factor that limited the sustainability effect of the NTC was that most participants normally commuted by train, but in a few cases travelled to the NTC by car. With the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic, most participants were required to work exclusively from home, which proved to have both positive and negative effects on the participants’ everyday lives and well-being. The participants reported a radical shift in attitudes towards remote working during this period, which they believed could lead to remote working becoming more common after the pandemic. In this case, NTCs could possibly play an important role in enabling this shift, by remedying some of the identified drawbacks of working from home. This could in turn enable a larger reduction in commuting. In areas where more people commute by car, sustainability effects would likely be greater.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Vaddadi, Bhavana, Ph.D. Student, et al.
(author)
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Towards a conceptual framework of direct and indirect environmental effects of co-working
- 2020
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In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on ICT for Sustainability - ICT4S2020. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 27-35
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Through virtual presence, information and communication technology (ICT) allows employees to work from places other than their employer’s office and reduce commuting- related environmental effects (telecommuting). Co-working, as a form of telecommuting, has the potential to significantly reduce commuting and is not associated with deficits of working from home (e.g. isolation, lack of focus). However, environmental burden might increase through co-working due to the infrastructure required to set-up and operate the co-working space and potential rebound effects. In this paper, we (1) develop a framework of direct and indirect environmental effects of co- working based on a well-known conceptual framework of environmental effects of ICT and, (2) apply the framework to investigate the case of a co-working living lab established in Stockholm. Based on actual data of the co-working space and interviews conducted with participants, we roughly estimate associated energy impacts. Results show that energy requirements associated with operating the co-working space can counterbalance commute-related energy savings. Thus, in order to realize energy savings co-working should be accompanied with additional energy saving measures such as a net reduction of (heated) floor space (at the CW space, at the employer's office and the co-workers home) and use of energy-efficient transport modes.
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