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Sökning: WFRF:(Kristensson E)

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  • Asmi, A., et al. (författare)
  • Aerosol decadal trends - Part 2: In-situ aerosol particle number concentrations at GAW and ACTRIS stations
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7324. ; 13:2, s. 895-916
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We have analysed the trends of total aerosol particle number concentrations (N) measured at long-term measurement stations involved either in the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) and/or EU infrastructure project ACTRIS. The sites are located in Europe, North America, Antarctica, and on Pacific Ocean islands. The majority of the sites showed clear decreasing trends both in the full-length time series, and in the intra-site comparison period of 2001-2010, especially during the winter months. Several potential driving processes for the observed trends were studied, and even though there are some similarities between N trends and air temperature changes, the most likely cause of many northern hemisphere trends was found to be decreases in the anthropogenic emissions of primary particles, SO2 or some co-emitted species. We could not find a consistent agreement between the trends of N and particle optical properties in the few stations with long time series of all of these properties. The trends of N and the proxies for cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) were generally consistent in the few European stations where the measurements were available. This work provides a useful comparison analysis for modelling studies of trends in aerosol number concentrations.
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  • Asmi, A., et al. (författare)
  • Number size distributions and seasonality of submicron particles in = rope 2008-2009
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 11:11, s. 5505-5538
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Two years of harmonized aerosol number size distribution data from 24 = ropean field monitoring sites have been analysed. The results give a = mprehensive overview of the European near surface aerosol particle = mber concentrations and number size distributions between 30 and 500 = of dry particle diameter. Spatial and temporal distribution of = rosols in the particle sizes most important for climate applications = e presented. We also analyse the annual, weekly and diurnal cycles of = e aerosol number concentrations, provide log-normal fitting parameters = r median number size distributions, and give guidance notes for data = ers. Emphasis is placed on the usability of results within the aerosol = delling community.
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  • Bartosch, P., et al. (författare)
  • In community-dwelling women frailty is associated with imminent risk of osteoporotic fractures
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 32:9, s. 1735-1744
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Summary: Frailty reflects an accelerated health decline. Frailty is a consequence of fracture and contributes to fracture. Greater frailty was associated with higher fracture risk. Frail women were at immediate risk (within 24 months) of a hip or major fracture. Fracture prevention could be improved by considering frailty status. Introduction: Frailty encompasses the functional decline in multiple systems, particularly the musculoskeletal system. Frailty can be a consequence of and contribute to fracture, leading to a cycle of further fractures and greater frailty. This study investigates this association, specifically time frames for risk, associated fracture types, and how grade of frailty affects risk. Methods: The study is performed in the OPRA cohort of 1044, 75-year-old women. A frailty index was created at baseline and 5 and 10 years. Women were categorized as frail or nonfrail and in quartiles (Q1 least frail; Q4 most frail). Fracture risk was assessed over short (1 and 2 years) and long terms (5 and 10 years). Fracture risk was defined for any fracture, major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs), and hip and vertebral fracture, using models including bone mineral density (BMD) and death as a competing risk. Results: For women aged 75, frailty was associated with higher risk of fracture within 2 years (Hip SHRadj. 3.16 (1.34–7.47)) and MOF (2 years SHRadj. 1.88 (1.12–3.16)). The increased risk continued for up to 5 years (Hip SHRadj. 2.02 (1.07–3.82)); (MOF SHRadj. 1.43 (0.99–2.05)). Grade of frailty was associated with increased 10-year probability of fracture (p = 0.03). Frailty predicted fracture independently of BMD. For women aged 80, frailty was similarly associated with fracture. Conclusion: Frail elderly women are at immediate risk of fracture, regardless of bone density and continue to be at risk over subsequent years compared to identically aged nonfrail women. Incorporating regular frailty assessment into fracture management could improve identification of women at high fracture risk.
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  • Bartosch, Patrik S., et al. (författare)
  • Frailty and prediction of recurrent falls over 10 years in a community cohort of 75-year-old women
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Aging clinical and experimental research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1594-0667 .- 1720-8319. ; 32:11, s. 2241-2250
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Frailty captures the age-related declines in health leading to increased vulnerability, including falls which are commonplace in older women. The relationship between frailty and falls is complex, with one leading to the other in a vicious cycle. Aims: This study addresses the gap in understanding how patterns of frailty and falls propensity interact, particularly in those who have not yet entered the falls-frailty cycle. Methods: The Osteoporosis Risk Assessment cohort consists of 1044 community-dwelling women aged 75, with 10 years of follow-up. Investigations were performed and a frailty index constructed at baseline, 5 and 10 years. Falls were self-reported for each previous 12 months. Analysis was two-directional, firstly based on frailty status and second, based on falls status. Recurrent falls was the primary outcome. Results: Baseline frailty was a significant predictor of recurrent falls after 5 and 10 years [(OR 2.55 (1.62–3.99); 3.04 (1.63–5.67)]. Among women who had no history of falls at age 75, frailty was a stronger predictor of falls at 5 years [OR 3.06 (1.59–5.89)] than among women who had previously fallen. Discussion: Frailty is significantly associated with recurrent falls and most pronounced in those who are frail but have not yet fallen. Conclusions: This suggests that frailty should be an integral part of falls-risk assessment to improve identification of those at risk of becoming fallers.
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  • Kristensson, E, et al. (författare)
  • Acute psychological stress raises plasma ghrelin in the rat.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Regulatory Peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-0115 .- 1873-1686. ; 134:2-3, s. 114-117
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ghrelin is produced by the A-like cells of the stomach and mobilized by food deprivation. It was reported recently that acute psychological stress increases ghrelin gene expression in rat oxyntic mucosa. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of such stress on circulating ghrelin levels. To this end, we measured plasma ghrelin in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats (a high-anxiety strain) and Sprague–Dawley (SPD) rats (a low-anxiety strain), exposed to water avoidance stress for 60 min. Blood was collected before and after the stress. Acute stress increased the plasma ACTH concentration not, vert, similar5-fold (p < 0.01) in both strains of rats, while plasma ghrelin increased by 85% (p < 0.01) in the SPD rats and by 40% (p < 0.001) in the WKY rats. Ghrelin levels after acute stress were higher (p < 0.05) in the SPD rats than in the WKY rats. Sham stress did not affect plasma ghrelin. We conclude that acute psychological stress mobilizes ghrelin and that the SPD rats respond with a higher plasma ghrelin concentration than the WKY rats.
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  • Paramonov, M., et al. (författare)
  • A synthesis of cloud condensation nuclei counter (CCNC) measurements within the EUCAARI network
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7324. ; 15:21, s. 12211-12229
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cloud condensation nuclei counter (CCNC) measurements performed at 14 locations around the world within the European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions (EUCAARI) framework have been analysed and discussed with respect to the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation and hygroscopic properties of the atmospheric aerosol. The annual mean ratio of activated cloud condensation nuclei (N-CCN) to the total number concentration of particles (N-CN), known as the activated fraction A, shows a similar functional dependence on supersaturation S at many locations - exceptions to this being certain marine locations, a free troposphere site and background sites in south-west Germany and northern Finland. The use of total number concentration of particles above 50 and 100 nm diameter when calculating the activated fractions (A(50) and A(100), respectively) renders a much more stable dependence of A on S; A(50) and A(100) also reveal the effect of the size distribution on CCN activation. With respect to chemical composition, it was found that the hygroscopicity of aerosol particles as a function of size differs among locations. The hygroscopicity parameter kappa decreased with an increasing size at a continental site in south-west Germany and fluctuated without any particular size dependence across the observed size range in the remote tropical North Atlantic and rural central Hungary. At all other locations kappa increased with size. In fact, in Hyytiala, Vavihill, Jungfraujoch and Pallas the difference in hygroscopicity between Aitken and accumulation mode aerosol was statistically significant at the 5% significance level. In a boreal environment the assumption of a size-independent kappa can lead to a potentially substantial overestimation of N-CCN at S levels above 0.6 %. The same is true for other locations where kappa was found to increase with size. While detailed information about aerosol hygroscopicity can significantly improve the prediction of N-CCN, total aerosol number concentration and aerosol size distribution remain more important parameters. The seasonal and diurnal patterns of CCN activation and hygroscopic properties vary among three long-term locations, highlighting the spatial and temporal variability of potential aerosol-cloud interactions in various environments.
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  • Backstrom, E, et al. (författare)
  • Viral infections & autoimmune disease
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1355-0284 .- 1538-2443. ; 8:SUPPL 1, s. 30-31
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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  • Björquist, E, et al. (författare)
  • Transitioning to Adulthood in Sweden: Comparing the Priorities of Immigrant Youths with Disabilities and Caregivers, from Middle-Eastern Countries
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Research in Health Science. - : Scholink Co, Ltd.. - 2470-6205 .- 2470-6213. ; 3:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: There is limited knowledge about perceived challenges during the transition to adulthood among immigrant youths who are originally from Arabic-speaking countries but now residing in Sweden. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe self-identified problems encountered by immigrant youths with disabilities from Middle Eastern countries who were living in Sweden during their transition to adulthood and to compare these descriptions to the problems identified by their caregivers.Methods: Seventeen semi-structured interviews using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure were conducted with 17 immigrant youths with intellectual disabilities aged 13-24 years and 16 caregivers, originally from Middle Eastern countries. The participants’ prioritized problems were categorized using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children & Youth Version, focusing on Activity and Participation.Results: A difference in priorities during transition was found when comparing the youths’ and the caregivers’ views. Most of the youths’ priorities were identified in the chapter “Major Life Area” about basic economic transactions and seeking employment, whilst the caregivers thought their youths’ prioritized “self-care”.Conclusion and implications for practice: Planning the best transition for immigrant youths with disabilities involves enabling them to identify their own preferences and needs while collaborating with caregivers and taking into consideration the cultural norms and traditions of collective caregiving.
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  • Boström, Anders E, 1951, et al. (författare)
  • Elastic wave scattering by a three-dimensional inhomogeneity in an elastic half space
  • 1980
  • Ingår i: Wave Motion. - 0165-2125. ; 2, s. 335-353
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper we will consider scattering of elastic waves in a half space. The half space is an isotropic, linear and homogeneous medium except for a finite inhomogeneity. The T-matrix method (also called the "extended boundary condition method" or "null field approach") is extended to derive expressions for the elastic field inside the half space and the surface field on the interface. The assumptions on the source that excites the half space are fairly weak. In the numerical applications found in this paper we assume a Rayleigh surface wave to be the incoming field, and we only compute the surface displacements. We make illustrations on some simple type of scatterers (spheres and spheroids; the latter ones can be arbitrarily oriented).
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  • Boström, Anders E, 1951, et al. (författare)
  • Scattering of a pulsed Rayleigh wave by a spherical cavity in an elastic half space
  • 1983
  • Ingår i: Wave Motion. - 0165-2125. ; 5, s. 137-143
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The time-dependant scattering by a spherical cavity in an elastic half space is considered. The incoming wave is a pulsed Rayleigh wave. The stationary part of the problem is solved by the T-matrix method, and an integration in frequency is perforemd with a modified gaussian weight function. The displcsement components at some points on the surface of the half space are computed and shown in a number of plots.
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  • Ehlén, Å., et al. (författare)
  • RBM3-regulated genes promote DNA integrity and affect clinical outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Translational Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1936-5233 .- 1944-7124. ; 4:4, s. 202-211
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) was initially discovered as a putative cancer biomarker based on its differential expression in various cancer forms in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA). We previously reported an association between high expression of RBM3 and prolonged survival in breast and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Because the function of RBM3 has not been fully elucidated, the aim of this study was to use gene set enrichment analysis to identify the underlying biologic processes associated with RBM3 expression in a previously analyzed EOC cohort (cohort 1, n = 267). This revealed an association between RBM3 expression and several cellular processes involved in the maintenance of DNA integrity. RBM3-regulated genes were subsequently screened in the HPA to select for putative prognostic markers, and candidate proteins were analyzed in the ovarian cancer cell line A2780, whereby an up-regulation of Chk1, Chk2, and MCM3 was demonstrated in siRBM3-treated cells compared to controls. The prognostic value of these markers was assessed at the messenger RNA level in cohort 1 and the protein level in an independent EOC cohort (cohort 2, n = 154). High expression levels of Chk1, Chk2, and MCM3 were associated with a significantly shorter survival in both cohorts, and phosphorylated Chk2 was an adverse prognostic marker in cohort 2. These results uncover a putative role for RBM3 in DNA damage response, which might, in part, explain its cisplatin-sensitizing properties and good prognostic value in EOC. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that Chk1, Chk2, and MCM3 are poor prognostic markers in EOC.
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  • Hedberg, E, et al. (författare)
  • Chemical and physical characterization of emissions from birch wood combustion in a wood stove
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - 1352-2310. ; 36:30, s. 4823-4837
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this study was to characterize the emissions of a large number of chemical compounds emitted from birch wood combustion in a wood stove. Birch wood is widely used as fuel in Swedish household appliances. The fuel load was held constant during six experiments. Particles < 2.5 mum diameter were collected and the size distribution of the particles was measured. The results were compared to the size distribution in road traffic emissions. It could be seen that the number distribution differed between the sources. In traffic exhaust, the number of particles maximized at 20 nm, while the number distribution from wood burning ranged from 20 to 300 nm. The ratio K/Ca on particles was found. to be significantly different in wood burning compared to road dust, range 30-330 for the former and 0.8+/-0.15 for the latter. The source profile of common elements emitted from wood-burning differed from that found on particles at a street-level site or in long-distance transported particles. The ratio toluene/benzene in this study was found to be in the range 0.2-0.7, which is much lower than the ratio 3.6+/-0.5 in traffic exhaust emissions. Formaldehyde and acetone were the most abundant compounds among the volatile ketones and aldehydes. The emission factor varied between 180-710mg/kg wood for formaldehyde and 5-1300mg/kg wood for acetone. Of the organic acids analyzed (3,4,5)-trimethoxy benzoic acid was the most abundant compound. Of the PAHs reported, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene contribute to more than 70% of the mass of PAH. Of the elements analyzed, K and Si were the most abundant elements, having emission factors of 27 and 9mg/kg wood, respectively. Although fluoranthene has a toxic equivalence factor of 5% of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), it can be seen that the toxic potency of fluoranthene in wood burning emissions is of the same size as B(a)P. This indicates that the relative carcinogenic potency contribution of fluoranthene in wood smoke would be about 40% of B(a)P. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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  • Hussein, T., et al. (författare)
  • Time span and spatial scale of regional new particle formation events over Finland and Southern Sweden
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 9:14, s. 4699-4716
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We investigated the time span and spatial scale of regional new particle formation (NPF) events in Finland and Southern Sweden using measured particle number size distributions at five background stations. We define the time span of a NPF event as the time period from the first moment when the newly formed mode of aerosol particles is observable below 25 nm until the newly formed mode is not any more distinguishable from other background modes of aerosol particles after growing to bigger sizes. We identify the spatial scale of regional NPF events based on two independent approaches. The first approach is based on the observation within a network of stationary measurement stations and the second approach is based on the time span and the history of air masses back-trajectories. According to the second approach, about 60% and 28% of the events can be traced to distances longer than 220 km upwind from where the events were observed in Southern Finland (Hyytiälä) and Northern Finland (Värriö), respectively. The analysis also showed that the observed regional NPF events started over the continents but not over the Atlantic Ocean. The first approach showed that although large spatial scale NPF events are frequently observed at several locations simultaneously, they are rarely identical (similar characteristics and temporal variations) due to differences in the initial meteorological and geographical conditions between the stations. The growth of the newly formed particles during large spatial scale events can be followed for more than 30 h where the newly formed aerosol particles end up in the Aitken mode (diameter 25–100 nm) and accumulation mode size ranges (diameter 0.1–1 μm). This study showed clear evidence that regional NPF events can pose a significant source for accumulation mode particles over the Scandinavian continent provided that these findings can be generalized to many of the air masses traveling over the European continent.
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  • Kristensson, Gerhard, et al. (författare)
  • The inverse scattering problem for a homogeneous bi-isotropic slab using transient data
  • 1993
  • Ingår i: Inverse problems in mathematical physics / Lecture notes in physics. - 0075-8450. - 3540571957 ; 422, s. 112-125
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Transient wave propagation in a finite bi-isotropic slab is treated. The incident field impinges normally on the slab, which can be inhomogeneous wrt depth. Dispersion and bi-isotropy are modeled by time convolutions in the constitutive relations. Outside the slab the medium is assumed to be homogeneous, non-dispersive and isotropic, and such that there is no phase velocity mismatch at the boundaries of the slab. Two alternative methods of solution to the propagation problem are given—the imbedding method and the Green function approach. The second method is used to solve the inverse problem and the first to generate synthetic data. The inverse scattering problem is to reconstruct the four susceptibility kernels of the medium using a set of finite time trace of reflection and transmission data.
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  • Lundkvist, GBS, et al. (författare)
  • Clock gene expression during chronic inflammation induced by infection with Trypanosoma brucei brucei in rats
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of biological rhythms. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-4531 .- 0748-7304. ; 25:2, s. 92-102
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • African sleeping sickness is characterized by alterations in rhythmic functions. It is not known if the disease affects the expression of clock genes, which are the molecular basis for rhythm generation. We used a chronic rat model of experimental sleeping sickness, caused by the extracellular parasite Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Tb brucei), to study the effects on clock gene expression. In tissue explants of pituitary glands from Period1- luciferase ( Per1-luc) transgenic rats infected with Tb brucei, the period of Per1-luc expression was significantly shorter. In explants containing the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the Per1-luc rhythms were flat in 21% of the tissues. We also examined the relative expression of Per1, Clock, and Bmal1 mRNA in the SCN, pineal gland, and spleen from control and infected rats using qPCR. Both Clock and Bmal1 mRNA expression was reduced in the pineal gland and spleen following Tb brucei infection. Infected rats were periodic both in core body temperature and in locomotor activity; however, early after infection, we observed a significant decline in the amplitude of the locomotor activity rhythm. In addition, both activity and body temperature rhythms exhibited decreased regularity and “robustness.” In conclusion, although experimental trypanosome infection has previously been shown to cause functional disturbances in SCN neurons, only 21% of the SCN explants had disturbed Per1-luc rhythms. However, our data show that the infection overall alters molecular clock function in peripheral clocks including the pituitary gland, pineal gland, and spleen.
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  • Möller U, Olsson, et al. (författare)
  • Modern technology against falls – A description of the MoTFall project
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Health Informatics Journal. - : SAGE Publications Ltd. - 1460-4582 .- 1741-2811. ; 27:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To meet future challenges from an older and physically less active population innovative solutions are needed. Modern Technology against Falls (MoTFall) aims to prevent falls, increase physical activity and improve self-rated health among older people by means of an information and communication technology based system. The project has developed technology-based solutions, focusing on person-centred care. A participatory research design was applied in the development of a mobile application, a wearable inertial movement measurement unit (IMMU), called the Snubblometer (‘snubbla’ is ‘stumble’ in Swedish) and a web-based education programme for health care professionals. The mobile application includes a fall risk index, exercises and information related to falls prevention. By linking the app to the IMMU, person-centred interventions can be developed and implemented in various health care settings and with different target populations. The IMMU has shown good validity and reliability for measuring postural sway and high sensitivity and specificity for measuring a near fall. The education programme is directed at non-graduate health care professionals in nursing homes and home care. The technical solutions have potential for use in research and in clinical practice. © The Author(s) 2021.
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  • Norrby, E, et al. (författare)
  • Measles virus in the brain
  • 1997
  • Ingår i: Brain research bulletin. - 0361-9230. ; 44:3, s. 213-220
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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  • Persson, Frank, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • Mikrobiologiska barriärer i vattenrening
  • 2005
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The objective was to investigate the microbial barrier function of the most common process combination applied to Swedish surface waters – coagulation / flocculation followed by settling and rapid filtration. The effect of operational conditions was studied, as well as alternative and add-on processes, such as biological pre-filtration of raw water without ozonation, ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF). Analytical parameters included the removal of natural organic matter (NOM) and regrowth potential. The work was carried out in close cooperation between engineers and microbiologists. The barrier function of chemical treatment was investigated in pilot-scale by challenge tests and a novel method for following raw water particles, based on the detection of algae by flow cytometry. Results indicate that chemical treatment represents a robust yet mediocre barrier. The measured barrier function for added viruses was around 99.99 %, but considerably lower for particles in the size range of protozoan parasites (~99 %) and in bacteria size (~90 %). The measured reduction in numbers of indicator bacteria added in high concentrations was however higher. Considering the sparse information on the microbial quality and variability of Swedish surface water, the barrier function at many waterworks appears insufficient over chemical treatment alone, and therefore requires additional processes and/or disinfection to reliably eliminate the risk of waterborne disease. Processes were investigated that increase microbial barrier function. Chemical treatment was complemented with UF with a nominal pore diameter close to virus size. Alternatively, chemical treatment may be replaced by NF with high removal of NOM. Since the feasibility of membranes processes is limited by fouling, different pre-treatment options were compared. The UF and NF pilot plants achieved very high removal efficiencies for particles in the size ranges of protozoan parasites and bacteria, as well as two surrogate viruses (bacteriophages) with different surface properties. Both NF and postchemical treatment UF were subject to irreversible fouling that could not be solved by chemical cleaning. Compared to conventional pre-treatment with rapid filters, biological pre-filtration significantly amended fouling problems in the NF pilot plant. Bulk NOM was reduced to a minor degree in the biofilters (~10 %), while higher removals of the biodegradable fractions (~20–30 %) and biofilm formation potential (80–90 %) were experienced. Biological pre-filtration was furthermore evaluated as a way to stabilize the feed water quality to chemical treatment. Particle removal became less dependent on filter function, which increased the robustness of the process. Batch tests revealed potential savings of coagulant with pre-filtration, due to lower organic and particle load. Natural odour substances (geosmin and MIB), almost unaffected by conventional treatment, were reliably removed in the pre-filters. For further details in English, see the scientific publications on the project.
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  • Reifarth, Simon, et al. (författare)
  • Analysis of EGR/Air Mixing by 1-D Simulation, 3-D Simulation and Experiments
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: SAE technical paper series. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191. ; 2014-October
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The use of EGR for NOX reduction is today a standard technology for diesel engines. The mixing of air and EGR is an important issue, especially for high-pressure EGR-systems. An uneven distribution of EGR between the cylinders can lead to higher overall engine emissions when some cylinders produce more soot, others more NOX than they would with a perfectly even distribution. It is therefore important to understand the processes that control the mixing between air and EGR. The mixing is influenced by both the geometry of the mixing area and the pulsating nature of the flow. The aim of this work is to point out the high importance of the pulses present in the EGR-flow. By simulation in 1-D and 3-D as well as by a fast measurement method, it is shown that the EGR is transported in the air flow in packets. This implies that the timing between intake valve opening and the positioning of the EGR packets has a high influence of the distribution of EGR between the cylinders. The ability of 1-D and 3-D simulation to predict the behavior is evaluated. It is shown how standard 1-D simulations fail to predict the pulsation effects. Furthermore, it is shown how 1-D models can be modified to give results reasonably close to the 3-D simulation results.
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  • Tötterman, Thomas H., et al. (författare)
  • Targeted superantigens for immunotherapy of haematopoietic tumours
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Vox Sanguinis. - 0042-9007 .- 1423-0410. ; 74:Supp 2, s. 483-487
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • With the exception of childhood common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (cALL), treatment of other hematopoietic B cell lineage tumours such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL), adult ALL and multiple myeloma (MM) is unsatisfactory. Similarly, the therapeutic outcome of acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia (AML, CML) is frequently dismal. At the same time, leukaemia/lymphoma cells represent ideal targets for immunotherapy. The present review summarizes our preclinical experience with a novel type of cytotoxic T cell based immunotherapy for B-lineage and myeloid tumours. Staphylococcal enterotoxin-derived superantigens (SAgs) are among the most potent T cell activators known, linking the T cell receptor to HLA-DR on natural target cells. SAgs were genetically engineered to reduce DR binding and were then fused to Fab parts of tumour-directed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Using these "targeted" SAgs, highly efficient lysis of B-lineage (B-NHL, B-CLL, ALL, MM) and myeloid (AML, CML) tumour cells by T-cells was achieved in vitro and in an animal model. We are entering an interesting era of innovative cancer therapy based on novel man-made biotherapeutic agents.
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