| 1. |
- Allentoft, Morten E., et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7994, s. 301-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.
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| 2. |
- Haak, Wolfgang, et al.
(författare)
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The Corded Ware Complex in Europe in Light of Current Archaeogenetic and Environmental Evidence
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited : Integrating Archaeology, Genetics, and Linguistics - Integrating Archaeology, Genetics, and Linguistics. - 9781009261746 - 9781009261753 ; , s. 63-80
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Corded Ware is one of the main archaeological phenomena of the third millennium before the common era (BCE), with a wide geographic spread across much of central and northeastern Europe, from Denmark, the Rhineland, and Switzerland in the west to the Baltic and Western Russia in the east, and broadly restricted to the temperate, continental zones north of the Alps, the Carpathians, and the steppe/forest steppe border to the east (Glob 1944; Strahm and Buchvaldek 1991; Furholt 2014).
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| 3. |
- Roswall, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Microenvironmental control of breast cancer subtype elicited through paracrine platelet-derived growth factor-CC signaling
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 24, s. 463-473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast tumors of the basal-like, hormone receptor-negative subtype remain an unmet clinical challenge, as there is high rate of recurrence and poor survival in patients following treatment. Coevolution of the malignant mammary epithelium and its underlying stroma instigates cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to support most, if not all, hallmarks of cancer progression. Here we delineate a previously unappreciated role for CAFs as determinants of the molecular subtype of breast cancer. We identified paracrine crosstalk between cancer cells expressing platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-CC and CAFs expressing the cognate receptors in human basal-like mammary carcinomas. Genetic or pharmacological intervention of PDGF-CC activity in mouse models of cancer resulted in conversion of basal-like breast cancers into a hormone receptor-positive state that enhanced sensitivity to endocrine therapy in previously resistant tumors. We conclude that specification of breast cancer to the basal-like subtype is under microenvironmental control and is therapeutically actionable.
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| 4. |
- Allentoft, Morten E., et al.
(författare)
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100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625, s. 329-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Major migration events in Holocene Eurasia have been characterized genetically at broad regional scales1–4. However, insights into the population dynamics in the contact zones are hampered by a lack of ancient genomic data sampled at high spatiotemporal resolution5–7. Here, to address this, we analysed shotgun-sequenced genomes from 100 skeletons spanning 7,300 years of the Mesolithic period, Neolithic period and Early Bronze Age in Denmark and integrated these with proxies for diet (13C and 15N content), mobility (87Sr/86Sr ratio) and vegetation cover (pollen). We observe that Danish Mesolithic individuals of the Maglemose, Kongemose and Ertebølle cultures form a distinct genetic cluster related to other Western European hunter-gatherers. Despite shifts in material culture they displayed genetic homogeneity from around 10,500 to 5,900 calibrated years before present, when Neolithic farmers with Anatolian-derived ancestry arrived. Although the Neolithic transition was delayed by more than a millennium relative to Central Europe, it was very abrupt and resulted in a population turnover with limited genetic contribution from local hunter-gatherers. The succeeding Neolithic population, associated with the Funnel Beaker culture, persisted for only about 1,000 years before immigrants with eastern Steppe-derived ancestry arrived. This second and equally rapid population replacement gave rise to the Single Grave culture with an ancestry profile more similar to present-day Danes. In our multiproxy dataset, these major demographic events are manifested as parallel shifts in genotype, phenotype, diet and land use.
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| 5. |
- Allentoft, M. E., et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 522:7555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000-1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of ideas or from human migrations, potentially also facilitating the spread of languages and certain phenotypic traits. We investigated this by using new, improved methods to sequence low-coverage genomes from 101 ancient humans from across Eurasia. We show that the Bronze Age was a highly dynamic period involving large-scale population migrations and replacements, responsible for shaping major parts of present-day demographic structure in both Europe and Asia. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesized spread of Indo-European languages during the Early Bronze Age. We also demonstrate that light skin pigmentation in Europeans was already present at high frequency in the Bronze Age, but not lactose tolerance, indicating a more recent onset of positive selection on lactose tolerance than previously thought.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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Arkeologiska texter : trendanalyser av nordisk periodica
- 1998
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur lång är medellivslängden för en referens? Vem eller vilka leder den arkeologiska debatten? På vilka sätt visar sig genderstrukturerna i de arkeologiska tidskrifterna? I vilken omfattning behandlas kulturmiljövårdsfrågorna? Dessa med flera frågor försöker artikelförfattarna i denna antologi att belysa och besvara genom kvalitativa och kvantitativa trendanalyser av nordisk arkeologisk periodika.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Barrie, William, et al.
(författare)
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Elevated genetic risk for multiple sclerosis emerged in steppe pastoralist populations
- 2024
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Ingår i: NATURE. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuro-inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease that is most prevalent in Northern Europe. Although it is known that inherited risk for MS is located within or in close proximity to immune-related genes, it is unknown when, where and how this genetic risk originated1. Here, by using a large ancient genome dataset from the Mesolithic period to the Bronze Age2, along with new Medieval and post-Medieval genomes, we show that the genetic risk for MS rose among pastoralists from the Pontic steppe and was brought into Europe by the Yamnaya-related migration approximately 5,000 years ago. We further show that these MS-associated immunogenetic variants underwent positive selection both within the steppe population and later in Europe, probably driven by pathogenic challenges coinciding with changes in diet, lifestyle and population density. This study highlights the critical importance of the Neolithic period and Bronze Age as determinants of modern immune responses and their subsequent effect on the risk of developing MS in a changing environment. Analysis of a large ancient genome dataset shows that genetic risk for multiple sclerosis rose in steppe pastoralists, providing insight into how genetic ancestry from the Neolithic and Bronze Age has shaped modern immune responses.
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| 11. |
- Bech, Jens-Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Bronze age settlement and land-use in Thy, Northwest Denmark, Vol. I and Vol. II
- 2018
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This two volume monograph about the region of Thy in the early Bronze Age provides a high resolution archaeological and ecological model of the organisation of landscape, settlements and households during the period 1500-1100 BC. Bordering the North Sea to the west, and the calmer waters of the Limfjord to the east, the region of Thy in Denmark experienced four centuries of intense economic and demographic expansion. By combining results from environmental and economic research (pollen and palaeo-botanical analyses) with intensive field surveys and excavations of farmsteads with exceptional preservation, it has been possible to open a window to the changes that transformed Bronze Age society and its environment during a few centuries of exceptional expansion and wealth consumption. The results from this interdisciplinary venture made it possible to link together the histories of local farmsteads with the wider regional and global history of the Bronze Age in North-western Europe during this period.
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| 12. |
- Bergerbrant, Sophie, 1968-
(författare)
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Bronze Age Identities : Costume, Conflict and Contact in Northern Europe 1600-1300 BC
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation deals with male and female social identities during the Middle Bronze Age (1600-1300 BC) in southern Scandinavia and northern Germany. South Scandinavian Bronze Age research has traditionally focused on the male sphere, while women have seldom been seriously considered or analysed in terms of their roles, power or influences on society. This study addresses the imbalance through discussing the evidence for gender relations, social structures and identity. The topic will be approached using case studies from different areas of northern Europe and from a variety of angles (e.g. costume and appearance, age, violence, long distance contacts), always drawing on the rich material from burials. How people presented themselves varied not only between different areas, but also over time. Groups that treated material culture in a fairly similar way during Period IB (c. 1600-1500 BC) start treating it in different ways during Period II (c. 1500-1300 BC). In southern Scandinavia during Period II the material culture is fairly similar on the whole, but the different geographical groups use the artefacts in different ways. The level of violence seems to have fluctuated in the area during the Middle Bronze Age, with some areas showing more signs of violence at certain times. On the other hand the view on ageing seems to have been fairly similar over a large part of central and northern Europe, and from age 14 one seems to have been regarded as an adult. The dissertation also shows that long distance contacts were important and wide-ranging, and people seem to have moved across large areas of Europe, even if the visible exogamous marriage pattern seems to have decreased in distance from Period IB to Period II. In conclusion, although there seems to have been a general European pattern concerning e.g. the view on age, the archaeological record reveals many local variations in how this was expressed, e.g. on the body.
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| 13. |
- Bergerbrant, Sophie, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying commoners in the Bronze Age: burials outside barrows
- 2017
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Ingår i: New Perspectives on the Bronze Age: Proceedings from the 13th Nordic Bronze Age Symposium, held in Gothenburg 9th June to 13th June 2015. - Oxford : Archaeopress. - 9781784915988 ; , s. 37-64
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article discusses the possibility of social division and the presence of commoners in south Scandinavia during the Early Bronze Age. The discussion is based on new scientific and archaeological data generated in the project Travels, transmissions and transformations in temperate northern Europe during the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC: The rise of Bronze Age societies. Based on a comprehensive radiocarbon dating program, we were able to re-assign many skeletons, previously assumed to be Late Neolithic, to the Bronze Age. This accounted for a significant proportion of non-elite burials (including those of children) that had previously been ‘mysteriously’ missing in the archaeological Bronze Age record. Moreover, strontium isotope analyses reveal that individuals seem to be mobile regardless of their wealth status and burial rituals. It suggests a society where workers and perhaps even nonfree labourers were mobile, not only the elite segment.
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| 14. |
- Bergerbrant, Sophie, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2017
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Ingår i: New Perspectives on the Bronze Age: Proceedings from the 13th Nordic Bronze Age Symposium, held in Gothenburg 9th June to 13th June 2015. - Oxford : Archaeopress. - 9781784915988 ; , s. 1-4
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
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Critical Heritage Studies and the Futures of Europe.
- 2023
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book is an outcome of the project 'CHEurope: Critical Heritage Studies and the Futures of EUrope: Towards an integrated, interdisicplinary and transnational training model in cultural heritage research and management'. Funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Maria Sklodowska-Curie Actions - Innovative Training Networks. The book contains papers from the final conference of the project held online in Gothenburg October 2020. The project was also supported by the joint UGOT-UCL Centre for Critical Heritage Studies
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| 16. |
- Damgaard, P. D., et al.
(författare)
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137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 557:7705, s. 369-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For thousands of years the Eurasian steppes have been a centre of human migrations and cultural change. Here we sequence the genomes of 137 ancient humans (about 1x average coverage), covering a period of 4,000 years, to understand the population history of the Eurasian steppes after the Bronze Age migrations. We find that the genetics of the Scythian groups that dominated the Eurasian steppes throughout the Iron Age were highly structured, with diverse origins comprising Late Bronze Age herders, European farmers and southern Siberian hunter-gatherers. Later, Scythians admixed with the eastern steppe nomads who formed the Xiongnu confederations, and moved westward in about the second or third century bc, forming the Hun traditions in the fourthfifth century ad, and carrying with them plague that was basal to the Justinian plague. These nomads were further admixed with East Asian groups during several short-term khanates in the Medieval period. These historical events transformed the Eurasian steppes from being inhabited by Indo-European speakers of largely West Eurasian ancestry to the mostly Turkic-speaking groups of the present day, who are primarily of East Asian ancestry.
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| 17. |
- Damgaard, P. D., et al.
(författare)
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The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 360:6396
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Yamnaya expansions from the western steppe into Europe and Asia during the Early Bronze Age (similar to 3000 BCE) are believed to have brought with them Indo-European languages and possibly horse husbandry. We analyzed 74 ancient whole-genome sequences from across Inner Asia and Anatolia and show that the Botai people associated with the earliest horse husbandry derived from a hunter-gatherer population deeply diverged from the Yamnaya. Our results also suggest distinct migrations bringing West Eurasian ancestry into South Asia before and after, but not at the time of, Yamnaya culture. We find no evidence of steppe ancestry in Bronze Age Anatolia from when Indo-European languages are attested there. Thus, in contrast to Europe, Early Bronze Age Yamnaya-related migrations had limited direct genetic impact in Asia.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Egfjord, Anne Friis Holm, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic Steppe ancestry in skeletons from the Neolithic Single Grave Culture in Denmark
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Gjerrild burial provides the largest and best-preserved assemblage of human skeletal material presently known from the Single Grave Culture (SGC) in Denmark. For generations it has been debated among archaeologists if the appearance of this archaeological complex represents a continuation of the previous Neolithic communities, or was facilitated by incoming migrants. We sampled and analysed five skeletons from the Gjerrild cist, buried over a period of c. 300 years, 2600/2500–2200 cal BCE. Despite poor DNA preservation, we managed to sequence the genome (>1X) of one individual and the partial genomes (0.007X and 0.02X) of another two individuals. Our genetic data document a female (Gjerrild 1) and two males (Gjerrild 5 + 8), harbouring typical Neolithic K2a and HV0 mtDNA haplogroups, but also a rare basal variant of the R1b1 Y-chromosomal haplogroup. Genome-wide analyses demonstrate that these people had a significant Yamnaya-derived (i.e. steppe) ancestry component and a close genetic resemblance to the Corded Ware (and related) groups that were present in large parts of Northern and Central Europe at the time. Assuming that the Gjerrild skeletons are genetically representative of the population of the SGC in broader terms, the transition from the local Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture (TRB) to SGC is not characterized by demographic continuity. Rather, the emergence of SGC in Denmark was part of the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age population expansion that swept across the European continent in the 3rd millennium BCE, resulting in various degrees of genetic replacement and admixture processes with previous Neolithic populations.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Fages, A., et al.
(författare)
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Tracking Five Millennia of Horse Management with Extensive Ancient Genome Time Series
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674. ; 177:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Horse domestication revolutionized warfare and accelerated travel, trade, and the geographic expansion of languages. Here, we present the largest DNA time series for a non-human organism to date, including genome-scale data from 149 ancient animals and 129 ancient genomes (>= 1-fold coverage), 87 of which are new. This extensive dataset allows us to assess the modem legacy of past equestrian civilisations. We find that two extinct horse lineages existed during early domestication, one at the far western (Iberia) and the other at the far eastern range (Siberia) of Eurasia. None of these contributed significantly to modern diversity. We show that the influence of Persian-related horse lineages increased following the Islamic conquests in Europe and Asia. Multiple alleles associated with elite-racing, including at the MSTN "speed gene," only rose in popularity within the last millennium. Finally, the development of modem breeding impacted genetic diversity more dramatically than the previous millennia of human management.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Fischer, Anders, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Vittrup Man-The life-history of a genetic foreigner in Neolithic Denmark.
- 2024
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Ingår i: PloS one. - 1932-6203. ; 19:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lethally maltreated body of Vittrup Man was deposited in a Danish bog, probably as part of a ritualised sacrifice. It happened between c. 3300 and 3100 cal years BC, i.e., during the period of the local farming-based Funnel Beaker Culture. In terms of skull morphological features, he differs from the majority of the contemporaneous farmers found in Denmark, and associates with hunter-gatherers, who inhabited Scandinavia during the previous millennia. His skeletal remains were selected for transdisciplinary analysis to reveal his life-history in terms of a population historical perspective. We report the combined results of an integrated set of genetic, isotopic, physical anthropological and archaeological analytical approaches. Strontium signature suggests a foreign birthplace that could be in Norway or Sweden. In addition, enamel oxygen isotope values indicate that as a child he lived in a colder climate, i.e., to the north of the regions inhabited by farmers. Genomic data in fact demonstrates that he is closely related to Mesolithic humans known from Norway and Sweden. Moreover, dietary stable isotope analyses on enamel and bone collagen demonstrate a fisher-hunter way of life in his childhood and a diet typical of farmers later on. Such a variable life-history is also reflected by proteomic analysis of hardened organic deposits on his teeth, indicating the consumption of forager food (seal, whale and marine fish) as well as farmer food (sheep/goat). From a dietary isotopic transect of one of his teeth it is shown that his transfer between societies of foragers and farmers took place near to the end of his teenage years.
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| 24. |
- Frank, A. B., et al.
(författare)
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A multi-proxy, bioavailable strontium isotope baseline for southern Almeria, Spain: Using modern environmental samples to constrain the isotopic range of bioavailable strontium
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Geochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-2927. ; 144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Spanish region of Almeria is well known for its rich geological records and its richness in archaeological remains. Sr isotopes have been applied in archaeology as a powerful tracing tool for individual human and animal mobility, but their application requires extensive regional baselines as reference against which the target materials can be compared. This study presents Sr concentrations and Sr-87/Sr-86 values of modern environmental proxies (plants, soils and surface waters) from southern Almeria to establish such a bioavailable Sr isotope baseline for this region. Additionally, this study evaluates differences in bioavailable Sr-87/Sr-86 signatures of the plants, soil leachates and surface waters and tests three soil leaching agents, ultrapure water (mq), 1M NH4NO3 and 0.1M HNO3, to better understand variations of Sr isotope signatures captured by the different proxies and to evaluate their suitability for baseline constructions. Our results define a wide range of Sr-87/Sr-86 values ranging from 0.70836 to 0.71630. Our data reveals a strong influence of the local surface lithology on bioavailable Sr-87/Sr-86 compositions. While the plants and soil leachates generally returned similar Sr-87/Sr-86 values, surface waters from the same sites sometimes returned significantly less radiogenic values likely due to transported, carbonate-derived Sr from their catchment areas. The different soil leaching procedures returned leachable fractions with similar Sr-87/Sr-86 values, but a slight bias was observed for soils with a carbonate component signifying the overall strong control of bioavailable Sr by carbonates. We propose to define bioavailable Sr isotope baselines as the average bioavailable Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio +/- double standard deviation ((X) over bar +/- 2 sigma) of 1) plants and soil leachates and 2) surface waters for each surface lithology. The soil and plant-based baselines define the narrowest range in Sr-87/Sr-86 for areas dominated by Cenozoic volcanic rocks while the widest range is seen in areas dominated by high grade Paleozoic metamorphic rocks. Due to the scarcity of surface water run-off in the arid region of southern Almeria, surface water based Sr-87/Sr-86 baselines could only be defined for sites dominated by Cenozoic sediments and high grade Paleozoic metamorphic rocks.
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| 25. |
- Frank, A. B., et al.
(författare)
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Isotopic range of bioavailable strontium on the Peloponnese peninsula, Greece: A multi-proxy approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sr isotopes are a powerful tool used for provenancing in many disciplines, but their successful application requires the availability of robust Sr baselines of potential target areas. This study presents 87Sr/86Sr signatures and Sr concentrations of water, plants and soil leachates from the Peloponnese peninsula, Greece, to establish the first comprehensive bioavailable Sr isotope baseline for this region. Additionally, this study aims to evaluate which proxy is most suitable to characterise bioavailable Sr in a geologically complex area also exposed to foreign aeolian Sr sources. Our recorded bioavailable Sr isotope signatures correspond well with the surface lithologies characteristic of the Peloponnese. Unradiogenic 87Sr/86Sr ratios and a narrow isotope range (0.70779–0.70955) characterise the bioavailable Sr signatures of the sedimentary deposits and more radiogenic and isotopically variable values (0.70791–0.72370) were measured for metamorphic and igneous rock outcrops. The differences in 87Sr/86Sr values measured between proxies of one site are comparatively low for samples from the sedimentary and igneous deposits, while the overall spread in 87Sr/86Sr values is wider for samples from metamorphic deposits. We propose to define bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr baseline ranges as the average bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr ratio of all proxies of each lithology ± its double standard deviation (x̅ ± 2σ). This results in narrow baselines for the sedimentary outcrops of 0.70832 ± 0.00053 (n = 58) for clastic sediments and 0.70835 ± 0.00089 (n = 29) for chemical sediments. The metamorphic deposits are characterised by wider bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr baselines of 0.70906 ± 0.00116 (n = 4) and 0.71429 ± 0.01133 (n = 13) for marble and schist, respectively. The bioavailable Sr baseline for igneous rock outcrops is also characterised by a comparatively wide range with 0.70950 ± 0.00259 (n = 7). The wide range in inter- and intra-site specific bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr variation observed in this study emphasise the need for comprehensive multi-proxy sampling strategies within geologically-complex areas. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
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| 26. |
- Frank, A. B., et al.
(författare)
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The geographic distribution of bioavailable strontium isotopes in Greece – A base for provenance studies in archaeology
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 791
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sr isotopes are a powerful tool used to reconstruct human mobility in archaeology. This requires extensive bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr baselines used as reference for deciphering potential areas of origin. We define the first extensive bioavailable Sr isotope baselines for the different geographical regions and surface lithologies of Greece by combining new Sr data with previously published bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr data. We present 82 new Sr concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr signatures of plants, soil leachates, surface waters and spring waters from Central Greece and combine these with published baseline values from all over Greece. We define individual baselines for ten of the thirteen geographical regions of Greece. We also provide soil leachate 87Sr/86Sr ratios from the two archaeological Bronze Age sites of Kirrha and Ayios Vasileios in Central and Southern Greece and demonstrate the validity and applicability of the new baselines for these sites. The bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr compositions of Central Greece define a narrow range of 87Sr/86Sr values between 0.70768 — 0.71021, with the widest range observed for the soil leachates. Sr derived from carbonate weathering appears to be the most important Sr source sampled by the proxies. There is an overall larger variability in baseline ranges of the different geographical regions, the narrowest is that for West Greece and the widest that for West Macedonia. In addition, we computed statistical Sr isotope ranges for the five main surface lithological groups characterising the sampling sites of the various proxies. Narrowly ranged, unradiogenic bioavailable Sr isotope signatures are typical of areas characterised by igneous outcrops as well as by Cenozoic and Mesozoic sediments. Areas, where Palaeozoic and Precambrian bedrock outcrops dominate, produce significantly wider ranges. Our study promotes the usefulness of multi-proxy baselines for geographical reference purposes and thus their promising applicability for future human mobility studies. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
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| 27. |
- Frei, K. M., et al.
(författare)
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A matter of months: High precision migration chronology of a Bronze Age female
- 2017
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Establishing the age at which prehistoric individuals move away from their childhood residential location holds crucial information about the socio dynamics and mobility patterns in ancient societies. We present a novel combination of strontium isotope analyses performed on the over 3000 year old "Skrydstrup Woman" from Denmark, for whom we compiled a highly detailed month-scale model of her migration timeline. When combined with physical anthropological analyses this timeline can be related to the chronological age at which the residential location changed. We conducted a series of high-resolution strontium isotope analyses of hard and soft human tissues and combined these with anthropological investigations including CT-scanning and 3D visualizations. The Skrydstrup Woman lived during a pan-European period characterized by technical innovation and great social transformations stimulated by long-distance connections; consequently she represents an important part of both Danish and European prehistory. Our multidisciplinary study involves complementary biochemical, biomolecular and microscopy analyses of her scalp hair. Our results reveal that the Skrydstrup Woman was between 17-18 years old when she died, and that she moved from her place of origin -outside present day Denmark- to the Skrydstrup area in Denmark 47 to 42 months before she died. Hence, she was between 13 to 14 years old when she migrated to and resided in the area around Skrydstrup for the rest of her life. From an archaeological standpoint, this one-time and one-way movement of an elite female during the possible "age of marriageability" might suggest that she migrated with the aim of establishing an alliance between chiefdoms. Consequently, this detailed multidisciplinary investigation provides a novel tool to reconstruct high resolution chronology of individual mobility with the perspective of studying complex patterns of social and economic interaction in prehistory.
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| 28. |
- Frei, Karin Margarita, et al.
(författare)
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Bronze Age wool: Provenance and dye investigations of Danish textiles
- 2017
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Ingår i: Antiquity. - : Antiquity Publications. - 0003-598X .- 1745-1744. ; 91, s. 640-654
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Antiquity Publications Ltd. Recent analysis of the wool textiles from the famous Egtved oak coffin burial in Denmark indicated that the wool had been obtained from beyond Denmark. Was this an isolated case or evidence of a large-scale wool trade in the Danish Bronze Age? To investigate the broader pattern of wool provenance, textile manufacturing and trade practices, strontium isotope and organic dye analyses were conducted on textiles from a variety of selected burial contexts. Strontium isotope analysis revealed that at least 75 per cent of the Bronze Age wool samples originated outside present-day Denmark. Results also showed no evidence for the use of organic dyes, thereby supporting the hypothesis that no dyestuffs were used in Nordic Bronze Age textile production. These results challenge extant interpretations of Scandinavian Bronze Age textile provenance, and demonstrate the complexity of exchange networks in wool textiles during this period.
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| 29. |
- Frei, Karin M, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping human mobility during the third and second millennia BC in present-day Denmark
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present results of the largest multidisciplinary human mobility investigation to date of skeletal remains from present-day Denmark encompassing the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC. Through a multi-analytical approach based on 88 individuals from 37 different archaeological localities in which we combine strontium isotope and radiocarbon analyses together with anthropological investigations, we explore whether there are significant changes in human mobility patterns during this period. Overall, our data suggest that mobility of people seems to have been continuous throughout the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC. However, our data also indicate a clear shift in mobility patterns from around 1600 BC onwards, with a larger variation in the geographical origin of the migrants, and potentially including more distant regions. This shift occurred during a transition period at the beginning of the Nordic Bronze Age at a time when society flourished, expanded and experienced an unprecedented economic growth, suggesting that these aspects were closely related.
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| 30. |
- Frei, Karin Margarita, et al.
(författare)
-
Mapping human mobility during the third and second millennia BC in present-day Denmark
- 2019
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present results of the largest multidisciplinary human mobility investigation to date of skeletal remains from present-day Denmark encompassing the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC. Through a multi-analytical approach based on 88 individuals from 37 different archaeological localities in which we combine strontium isotope and radiocarbon analyses together with anthropological investigations, we explore whether there are significant changes in human mobility patterns during this period. Overall, our data suggest that mobility of people seems to have been continuous throughout the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC. However, our data also indicate a clear shift in mobility patterns from around 1600 BC onwards, with a larger variation in the geographical origin of the migrants, and potentially including more distant regions. This shift occurred during a transition period at the beginning of the Nordic Bronze Age at a time when society flourished, expanded and experienced an unprecedented economic growth, suggesting that these aspects were closely related.
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| 31. |
- Frei, K.M., et al.
(författare)
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Tracing the dynamic life story of a Bronze Age Female
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ancient human mobility at the individual level is conventionally studied by the diverse application of suitable techniques (e.g. aDNA, radiogenic strontium isotopes, as well as oxygen and lead isotopes) to either hard and/or soft tissues. However, the limited preservation of coexisting hard and soft human tissues hampers the possibilities of investigating high-resolution diachronic mobility periods in the life of a single individual. Here, we present the results of a multidisciplinary study of an exceptionally well preserved circa 3.400-year old Danish Bronze Age female find, known as the Egtved Girl. We applied biomolecular, biochemical and geochemical analyses to reconstruct her mobility and diet. We demonstrate that she originated from a place outside present day Denmark (the island of Bornholm excluded), and that she travelled back and forth over large distances during the final months of her life, while consuming a terrestrial diet with intervals of reduced protein intake. We also provide evidence that all her garments were made of non-locally produced wool. Our study advocates the huge potential of combining biomolecular and biogeochemical provenance tracer analyses to hard and soft tissues of a single ancient individual for the reconstruction of high-resolution human mobility.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Haak, Wolfgang, et al.
(författare)
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The Corded Ware Complex in Europe in the Light of Current Archaeogenetic and Environmental Evidence
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited / edited by Kristian Kristiansen, Guus Kroonen, Eske Willerslev. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9781009261746 ; , s. 63-80
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A re-analysis of all Corded Ware aDNA samples is linked to a new analysis of their environmental setting and burial contexts. It shows regional variation where the earliest CW is more closely following the Yamnaya /CW burial tradition. They have also higher steppe DNA and are male dominated. Over time more females are buried and more cultural and genetic admixture with Neolithic groups takes place.
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| 35. |
- Harrison, Rodney, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2023
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Ingår i: Critical Heritage Studies and the Future of Europe / Harrison, Rodney and Dias, Nélia and Kristiansen, Kristian (Eds). - London : UCL Press. - 9781800083950 ; , s. 1-13
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trace the development of Critical Heritage Studies over the past decade
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Horn, Christian, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing Bronze Age warfare
- 2018
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Ingår i: Warfare in Bronze Age society / edited by Christian Horn and Kristian Kristiansen. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9781107185562 ; , s. 1-15
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 38. |
- Horn, Christian, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Warfare in Bronze Age society
- 2018
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Warfare in Bronze Age Society takes a fresh look at warfare and its role in reshaping Bronze Age society. The Bronze Age represents the global emergence of a militarized society with a martial culture, materialized in a package of new efficient weapons that remained in use for millennia to come. Warfare became institutionalized and professionalized during the Bronze Age, and a new class of warriors made their appearance. Evidence for this development is reflected in the ostentatious display of weapons in burials and hoards, and in iconography, from rock art to palace frescoes. These new manifestations of martial culture constructed the warrior as a 'Hero' and warfare as 'Heroic'. The case studies, written by an international team of scholars, discuss these and other new aspects of Bronze Age warfare. Moreover, the essays show that warriors also facilitated mobility and innovation as new weapons would have quickly spread from the Mediterranean to northern Europe.
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| 39. |
- Hornborg, Alf, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-Distance Exchange and Ritual Technologies of Power in the Pre-Hispanic Andes
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Trade and Civilization : Economic Networks and Cultural Ties, from Prehistory to the Early Modern Era - Economic Networks and Cultural Ties, from Prehistory to the Early Modern Era. - : Cambridge University Press. - 9781108425414 - 9781108340946 ; , s. 471-493
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 40. |
- Irving-Pease, Evan K., et al.
(författare)
-
The selection landscape and genetic legacy of ancient Eurasians
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625, s. 312-320
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Holocene (beginning around 12,000 years ago) encompassed some of the most significant changes in human evolution, with far-reaching consequences for the dietary, physical and mental health of present-day populations. Using a dataset of more than 1,600 imputed ancient genomes 1, we modelled the selection landscape during the transition from hunting and gathering, to farming and pastoralism across West Eurasia. We identify key selection signals related to metabolism, including that selection at the FADS cluster began earlier than previously reported and that selection near the LCT locus predates the emergence of the lactase persistence allele by thousands of years. We also find strong selection in the HLA region, possibly due to increased exposure to pathogens during the Bronze Age. Using ancient individuals to infer local ancestry tracts in over 400,000 samples from the UK Biobank, we identify widespread differences in the distribution of Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age ancestries across Eurasia. By calculating ancestry-specific polygenic risk scores, we show that height differences between Northern and Southern Europe are associated with differential Steppe ancestry, rather than selection, and that risk alleles for mood-related phenotypes are enriched for Neolithic farmer ancestry, whereas risk alleles for diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease are enriched for Western hunter-gatherer ancestry. Our results indicate that ancient selection and migration were large contributors to the distribution of phenotypic diversity in present-day Europeans.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Klejn, L., et al.
(författare)
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Discussion: Are the Origins of Indo-European Languages Explained by the Migration of the Yamnaya Culture to the West?
- 2018
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Archaeology. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1461-9571 .- 1741-2722. ; 21:1, s. 3-17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two co-authored articles in Nature (Haak et al., 2015; Allentoft et al., 2015) caused a sensation. They revealed genetically the mass migration of steppe Yamnaya culture people in the Early Bronze Age to central and northern Europe. The authors considered this event as the basis of the spread of Indo-European languages. In response, the Russian archaeologist, Leo S. Klejn, expresses critical remarks on the genetic inference, and in particular its implications for the problem of the origins of Indo-European languages. These remarks were shown to the authors and they present their objections. Klejn, however, has come to the conclusion that the authors’ objections do not assuage his doubts. He analyses these objections in a further response.
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| 43. |
- Kristiansen, Kristian, 1948
(författare)
-
A social history of Danish archaeology. With a new appendix
- 2011
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Ingår i: Comparative Archaeologies. A Sociological View of the Science of the Past. - New York : Springer. - 9781441982247 ; , s. 79-109
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The article demonstrates how emerging social classes are using hisory and prehistory to legitimize their rise to political power during a 200 year long period. A new appendix discusses the rise of neonationalism and racism during the past 30 years and its consequences for archaeology and heritage.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Kristiansen, Kristian, 1948
(författare)
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Archaeological Communities and Language
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Oxford Handbook of Public Archaeology, eds Robin Skeates, Carol McDavid & John Carman. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780199237821 ; , s. 461-477
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this article I present a survey of the role of language in archaeology, from heritage terminologies to references and journals, which demonstrate that archaeology is still dominantly national in its organization and publications
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Kristiansen, Kristian, 1948
(författare)
-
Archaeology and the genetic revolution in European prehistory
- 2022
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This Element was written to meet the theoretical and methodological challenge raised by the third science revolution and its implications for how to study and interpret European prehistory. The first section is therefore devoted to a historical and theoretical discussion of how to practice interdisciplinarity in this new age and, following from that, how to define some crucial but undertheorized categories, such as culture, ethnicity, and various forms of migration. The author thus integrates new results from archaeogenetics into an archaeological frame of reference to produce a new and theoretically informed historical narrative – one that invites further debate and also identifies areas of uncertainty where more research is needed.
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| 48. |
- Kristiansen, Kristian, 1948
(författare)
-
Baltic interaction during early Period IV of the Nordic Bronze Age: a travelling bronze smith behind the deposition of the Grisby hoard from Bornholm?
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Chasing Bronze Age rainbows Studies on hoards and related phenomena in prehistoric Europe in honour of Wojciech Blajer, edited by Marcin S. Przybyła Karol Dzięgielewski. - Krakow : Profil-Archeo. - 2353-0995. - 9788366579002 ; , s. 59-65
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A hoard of Period IV containing both whole sets of female orna- ments and some scrap metal was deposited in two parts, separating the scrap metal and the whole objects. Among the scrap metal was also found personal male objects of a Nordic razor and a metal arrowhead. The hoard contained mostly Nordic objects, some freshly cast, but also imports from northern Germany/Poland, which suggests a travelling metal smith as the person who deposited the two parts of the hoard.
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| 49. |
- Kristiansen, Kristian, 1948
(författare)
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Bridging India and Scandinavia: Institutional Transmission and Elite Conquest during the Bronze Age
- 2011
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Ingår i: Interweaving worlds systemic interactions in Eurasia, 7th to 1st millennia BC. - Oxford : Oxbow Books. - 9781842179987 ; , s. 243-265
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper aims to demonstrate a number of institutional and ritual similarities in so-called Proto-Indo-European or rather Mature-Indo-European mythology that can be traced from India to Scandinavia during the early to mid 2nd millennium BC in texts and material culture: in particular the ‘Heavenly Twins’ and their associations with the horse in social and ritual contexts. It presents a historical explanation that accounts for these long-distance connections, discussing the social dynamics that reconnected and transformed the original Proto-Indo-European societies of the late 4th and 3rd millennium BCE into more complex Bronze Age societies, a historical process that demonstrates the fundamental correspondence between social and religious institutions.
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| 50. |
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