| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Sliz, E., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of a causal effect of genetic tendency to gain muscle mass on uterine leiomyomata
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uterine leiomyomata (UL) are the most common tumours of the female genital tract and the primary cause of surgical removal of the uterus. Genetic factors contribute to UL susceptibility. To add understanding to the heritable genetic risk factors, we conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of UL in up to 426,558 European women from FinnGen and a previous UL meta-GWAS. In addition to the 50 known UL loci, we identify 22 loci that have not been associated with UL in prior studies. UL-associated loci harbour genes enriched for development, growth, and cellular senescence. Of particular interest are the smooth muscle cell differentiation and proliferation-regulating genes functioning on the myocardin-cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A pathway. Our results further suggest that genetic predisposition to increased fat-free mass may be causally related to higher UL risk, underscoring the involvement of altered muscle tissue biology in UL pathophysiology. Overall, our findings add to the understanding of the genetic pathways underlying UL, which may aid in developing novel therapeutics.
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| 3. |
- Tabassum, R, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic architecture of human plasma lipidome and its link to cardiovascular disease
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 4329-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding genetic architecture of plasma lipidome could provide better insights into lipid metabolism and its link to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Here, we perform genome-wide association analyses of 141 lipid species (n = 2,181 individuals), followed by phenome-wide scans with 25 CVD related phenotypes (n = 511,700 individuals). We identify 35 lipid-species-associated loci (P <5 ×10−8), 10 of which associate with CVD risk including five new loci-COL5A1, GLTPD2, SPTLC3, MBOAT7 and GALNT16 (false discovery rate<0.05). We identify loci for lipid species that are shown to predict CVD e.g., SPTLC3 for CER(d18:1/24:1). We show that lipoprotein lipase (LPL) may more efficiently hydrolyze medium length triacylglycerides (TAGs) than others. Polyunsaturated lipids have highest heritability and genetic correlations, suggesting considerable genetic regulation at fatty acids levels. We find low genetic correlations between traditional lipids and lipid species. Our results show that lipidomic profiles capture information beyond traditional lipids and identify genetic variants modifying lipid levels and risk of CVD.
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| 4. |
- Graff, M., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide physical activity interactions in adiposity. A meta-analysis of 200,452 adults
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLoS Genet. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404 .- 1553-7390. ; 13:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical activity (PA) may modify the genetic effects that give rise to increased risk of obesity. To identify adiposity loci whose effects are modified by PA, we performed genome-wide interaction meta-analyses of BMI and BMI-adjusted waist circumference and waist-hip ratio from up to 200,452 adults of European (n = 180,423) or other ancestry (n = 20,029). We standardized PA by categorizing it into a dichotomous variable where, on average, 23% of participants were categorized as inactive and 77% as physically active. While we replicate the interaction with PA for the strongest known obesity-risk locus in the FTO gene, of which the effect is attenuated by similar to 30% in physically active individuals compared to inactive individuals, we do not identify additional loci that are sensitive to PA. In additional genome-wide meta-analyses adjusting for PA and interaction with PA, we identify 11 novel adiposity loci, suggesting that accounting for PA or other environmental factors that contribute to variation in adiposity may facilitate gene discovery.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Kurki, MI, et al.
(författare)
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FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 613:7944, s. 508-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Population isolates such as those in Finland benefit genetic research because deleterious alleles are often concentrated on a small number of low-frequency variants (0.1% ≤ minor allele frequency < 5%). These variants survived the founding bottleneck rather than being distributed over a large number of ultrarare variants. Although this effect is well established in Mendelian genetics, its value in common disease genetics is less explored1,2. FinnGen aims to study the genome and national health register data of 500,000 Finnish individuals. Given the relatively high median age of participants (63 years) and the substantial fraction of hospital-based recruitment, FinnGen is enriched for disease end points. Here we analyse data from 224,737 participants from FinnGen and study 15 diseases that have previously been investigated in large genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We also include meta-analyses of biobank data from Estonia and the United Kingdom. We identified 30 new associations, primarily low-frequency variants, enriched in the Finnish population. A GWAS of 1,932 diseases also identified 2,733 genome-wide significant associations (893 phenome-wide significant (PWS), P < 2.6 × 10–11) at 2,496 (771 PWS) independent loci with 807 (247 PWS) end points. Among these, fine-mapping implicated 148 (73 PWS) coding variants associated with 83 (42 PWS) end points. Moreover, 91 (47 PWS) had an allele frequency of <5% in non-Finnish European individuals, of which 62 (32 PWS) were enriched by more than twofold in Finland. These findings demonstrate the power of bottlenecked populations to find entry points into the biology of common diseases through low-frequency, high impact variants.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Najeeb, P. K., et al.
(författare)
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Spontaneous decay of small carbon cluster dianions C-n(2-) (n=7-11)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series, Vol 1412, Article 232014. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the stabilities of small carbon dianion clusters, C-n(2-) (n=7-11) in the cryogenic electrostatic ion storage ring, DESIREE. We observe spontaneous electron emission for tens of milliseconds, where dianions containing an even number of carbons decay slower in comparison to their neighbouring cluster sizes. For all the systems considered here, we find that there is a component which is stable at least on the time scales of hundreds of milliseconds.
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| 16. |
- Qi, Qibin, et al.
(författare)
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FTO genetic variants, dietary intake and body mass index : insights from 177 330 individuals
- 2014
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 23:25, s. 6961-6972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- FTO is the strongest known genetic susceptibility locus for obesity. Experimental studies in animals suggest the potential roles of FTO in regulating food intake. The interactive relation among FTO variants, dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) is complex and results from previous often small-scale studies in humans are highly inconsistent. We performed large-scale analyses based on data from 177 330 adults (154 439 Whites, 5776 African Americans and 17 115 Asians) from 40 studies to examine: (i) the association between the FTO-rs9939609 variant (or a proxy single-nucleotide polymorphism) and total energy and macronutrient intake and (ii) the interaction between the FTO variant and dietary intake on BMI. The minor allele (A-allele) of the FTO-rs9939609 variant was associated with higher BMI in Whites (effect per allele = 0.34 [0.31, 0.37] kg/m(2), P = 1.9 × 10(-105)), and all participants (0.30 [0.30, 0.35] kg/m(2), P = 3.6 × 10(-107)). The BMI-increasing allele of the FTO variant showed a significant association with higher dietary protein intake (effect per allele = 0.08 [0.06, 0.10] %, P = 2.4 × 10(-16)), and relative weak associations with lower total energy intake (-6.4 [-10.1, -2.6] kcal/day, P = 0.001) and lower dietary carbohydrate intake (-0.07 [-0.11, -0.02] %, P = 0.004). The associations with protein (P = 7.5 × 10(-9)) and total energy (P = 0.002) were attenuated but remained significant after adjustment for BMI. We did not find significant interactions between the FTO variant and dietary intake of total energy, protein, carbohydrate or fat on BMI. Our findings suggest a positive association between the BMI-increasing allele of FTO variant and higher dietary protein intake and offer insight into potential link between FTO, dietary protein intake and adiposity.
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| 17. |
- Ried, Janina S., et al.
(författare)
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A principal component meta-analysis on multiple anthropometric traits identifies novel loci for body shape
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large consortia have revealed hundreds of genetic loci associated with anthropometric traits, one trait at a time. We examined whether genetic variants affect body shape as a composite phenotype that is represented by a combination of anthropometric traits. We developed an approach that calculates averaged PCs (AvPCs) representing body shape derived from six anthropometric traits (body mass index, height, weight, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio). The first four AvPCs explain >99% of the variability, are heritable, and associate with cardiometabolic outcomes. We performed genome-wide association analyses for each body shape composite phenotype across 65 studies and meta-analysed summary statistics. We identify six novel loci: LEMD2 and CD47 for AvPC1, RPS6KA5/C14orf159 and GANAB for AvPC3, and ARL15 and ANP32 for AvPC4. Our findings highlight the value of using multiple traits to define complex phenotypes for discovery, which are not captured by single-trait analyses, and may shed light onto new pathways.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Berndt, Sonja I., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 11 new loci for anthropometric traits and provides insights into genetic architecture
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:5, s. 501-U69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approaches exploiting trait distribution extremes may be used to identify loci associated with common traits, but it is unknown whether these loci are generalizable to the broader population. In a genome-wide search for loci associated with the upper versus the lower 5th percentiles of body mass index, height and waist-to-hip ratio, as well as clinical classes of obesity, including up to 263,407 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 4 new loci (IGFBP4, H6PD, RSRC1 and PPP2R2A) influencing height detected in the distribution tails and 7 new loci (HNF4G, RPTOR, GNAT2, MRPS33P4, ADCY9, HS6ST3 and ZZZ3) for clinical classes of obesity. Further, we find a large overlap in genetic structure and the distribution of variants between traits based on extremes and the general population and little etiological heterogeneity between obesity subgroups.
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| 20. |
- Chartkunchand, K. C., et al.
(författare)
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Lifetimes of bound excited states of Pt-
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 875, no. 022051. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of the radiative lifetimes of the two excited states of the platinum anion Pt- are presented. Pt- ions stored in the cryogenic ion storage ring DESIREE were photodetached at different photon wavelengths and the resulting yield of neutral Pt measured as a function of time was recorded. Analysis of the neutral decay curves show a 2.54 +/- 0.10 s lifetime for the higher-lying 5d(10)6(s) S-2(1/2) excited state and a lifetime in the range of 50-200 ms for the lower- lying 5d(9)6(s)(2) D-2(3/2) excited state. This is the first study to report the lifetime of a bound anion excited state with an electron configuration different from that of the anion ground state.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Hartman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Negative ion relaxation and reactions in a cryogenic storage ring
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series Vol 1412. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An overview of recent experimental results of studies of negative atomic and molecular ions in the Double ElectroStatic Ion-Ring ExpEriment, DESIREE is given. Metastable level lifetimes in atomic negative ions have been measured by time-dependent laser photodetachment. Rotational relaxation of diatomic anions is studied by near-threshold photodetachment. Spontaneous decays of small metal cluster anions by electron emission and fragmentation is studied with decay-channel specificity. Finally, mutual neutralisation of pairs of negative and positive ions has been investigated with initial and final state selectivity.
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| 23. |
- Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis uncovers novel loci influencing circulating leptin levels
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leptin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone, the circulating levels of which correlate closely with overall adiposity. Although rare mutations in the leptin (LEP) gene are well known to cause leptin deficiency and severe obesity, no common loci regulating circulating leptin levels have been uncovered. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of circulating leptin levels from 32,161 individuals and followed up loci reaching P<10(-6) in 19,979 additional individuals. We identify five loci robustly associated (P<5 × 10(-8)) with leptin levels in/near LEP, SLC32A1, GCKR, CCNL1 and FTO. Although the association of the FTO obesity locus with leptin levels is abolished by adjustment for BMI, associations of the four other loci are independent of adiposity. The GCKR locus was found associated with multiple metabolic traits in previous GWAS and the CCNL1 locus with birth weight. Knockdown experiments in mouse adipose tissue explants show convincing evidence for adipogenin, a regulator of adipocyte differentiation, as the novel causal gene in the SLC32A1 locus influencing leptin levels. Our findings provide novel insights into the regulation of leptin production by adipose tissue and open new avenues for examining the influence of variation in leptin levels on adiposity and metabolic health.
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| 24. |
- Lu, Yingchang, et al.
(författare)
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New loci for body fat percentage reveal link between adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of adiposity and its links to cardiometabolic disease risk, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of body fat percentage (BF%) in up to 100,716 individuals. Twelve loci reached genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)), of which eight were previously associated with increased overall adiposity (BMI, BF%) and four (in or near COBLL1/GRB14, IGF2BP1, PLA2G6, CRTC1) were novel associations with BF%. Seven loci showed a larger effect on BF% than on BMI, suggestive of a primary association with adiposity, while five loci showed larger effects on BMI than on BF%, suggesting association with both fat and lean mass. In particular, the loci more strongly associated with BF% showed distinct cross-phenotype association signatures with a range of cardiometabolic traits revealing new insights in the link between adiposity and disease risk.
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| 25. |
- Najeeb, P. K., 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Stability and Cooling of the C72- Dianion
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 131:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the stability of the smallest long-lived all carbon molecular dianion (C72-) in new time domains and with a single ion at a time using a cryogenic electrostatic ion-beam storage ring. We observe spontaneous electron emission from internally excited dianions on millisecond timescales and monitor the survival of single colder C72- molecules on much longer timescales. We find that their intrinsic lifetime exceeds several minutes - 6 orders of magnitude longer than established from earlier experiments on C72-. This is consistent with our calculations of vertical electron detachment energies predicting one inherently stable isomer and one isomer which is stable or effectively stable behind a large Coulomb barrier for C72-→C7-+e- separation.
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| 26. |
- Najeeb, P. K., 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Stability and Cooling of the C2−7 Dianion
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 131:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the stability of the smallest long-lived all carbon molecular dianion () in new time domains and with a single ion at a time using a cryogenic electrostatic ion-beam storage ring. We observe spontaneous electron emission from internally excited dianions on millisecond timescales and monitor the survival of single colder molecules on much longer timescales. We find that their intrinsic lifetime exceeds several minutes—6 orders of magnitude longer than established from earlier experiments on . This is consistent with our calculations of vertical electron detachment energies predicting one inherently stable isomer and one isomer which is stable or effectively stable behind a large Coulomb barrier for →+e− separation.
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| 27. |
- Rofors, E., et al.
(författare)
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Response of a Li-glass/multi-anode photomultiplier detector to focused proton and deuteron beams
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 984
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The response of a position-sensitive Li-glass based scintillation detector being developed for thermal-neutron detection with 6 mm position resolution has been investigated using focused beams of 2.5MeV protons and deuterons. The beams were scanned across the detector in 0.5 mm horizontal and vertical steps perpendicular to the beams. Scintillation light was registered using an 8 × 8 pixel multi-anode photomultiplier tube. The signal amplitudes were recorded for each pixel on an event-by-event basis. Several pixels generally registered considerable signals at each beam location. To optimize planned detector operation at the European Spallation Source, the number of pixels above set thresholds was investigated, with the maximization of the single-hit efficiency over the largest possible area as the primary goal. For both beams, at a threshold of ∼50% of the mean of the full-deposition peak, ∼80% of the events were registered in a single pixel, resulting in an effective position resolution of ∼5 mm in X and Y. Lower thresholds resulted in higher pixel multiplicities. These events could also be localized with the same effective position resolution.
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| 28. |
- Auro, K., et al.
(författare)
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USF1 gene variants contribute to metabolic traits in men in a longitudinal 32-year follow-up study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 51:3, s. 464-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Genetic variants of upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) have previously been associated with dyslipidaemias in family studies. Our aim was to further address the role of USF1 in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular traits at the population level in a large Swedish male cohort (n=2,322) with multiple measurements for risk factors during 32 years of follow-up. METHODS: Participants, born in 1920-1924, were examined at 50, 60, 70 and 77 years of age. The follow-up period for cardiovascular events was 1970-2002. We genotyped three haplotype tagging polymorphisms capturing the major allelic variants of USF1. RESULTS: SNP rs2774279 was associated with the metabolic syndrome. The minor allele of rs2774279 was less common among individuals with metabolic syndrome than among healthy controls [p=0.0029 when metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III; p=0.0073 when defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF)]. The minor allele of rs2774279 was also associated with lower BMI, lower fasting glucose values and higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations in longitudinal analyses. With SNP rs2073658, a borderline association with metabolic syndrome was observed (p=0.036, IDF), the minor allele being the risk-increasing allele. The minor allele of rs2073658 also associated with higher total and LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B-100 and lipoprotein(a) concentrations in longitudinal analyses. Importantly, these trends with respect to the allelic variants prevailed throughout the follow-up time of three decades. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest that USF1 variants associate with the metabolic syndrome at population level and influence the cardiovascular risk factors throughout adulthood in a consistent, longitudinal manner.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Chartkunchand, Kiattichart C., et al.
(författare)
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Dianion diagnostics in DESIREE : High-sensitivity detection of C-n(2-) from a sputter ion source
- 2018
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 89:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sputter ion source with a solid graphite target has been used to produce dianions with a focus on carbon cluster dianions, C-n(2-), with n = 7-24. Singly and doubly charged anions from the source were accelerated together to kinetic energies of 10 keV per atomic unit of charge and injected into one of the cryogenic (13 K) ion-beam storage rings of the Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring Experiment facility at Stockholm University. Spontaneous decay of internally hot C-n(2-) dianions injected into the ring yielded C-n(2-) anions with kinetic energies of 20 keV, which were counted with a microchannel plate detector. Mass spectra produced by scanning the magnetic field of a 90 degrees analyzing magnet on the ion injection line reflect the production of internally hot C-7(2-) - C-24(2-) dianions with lifetimes in the range of tens of microseconds to milliseconds. In spite of the high sensitivity of this method, no conclusive evidence of C-6(2-) was found while there was a clear C-7(2-) signal with the expected isotopic distribution. This is consistent with earlier experimental studies and with theoretical predictions. An upper limit is deduced for a C-6(2-) signal that is two orders-of-magnitude smaller than that for C-7(2-). In addition, CnO2- and CnCu2- dianions were detected.
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| 32. |
- Chartkunchand, Kiattichart C., et al.
(författare)
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Radiative lifetimes of the bound excited states of Pt-
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 94:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2016 American Physical Society.The intrinsic radiative lifetimes of the 5d106sS1/22 and 5d96s2 D3/22 bound excited states in the platinum anion Pt- have been studied at cryogenic temperatures at the Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring Experiment (DESIREE) facility at Stockholm University. The intrinsic lifetime of the higher-lying 5d106s S1/22 state was measured to be 2.54±0.10s, while only a lifetime in the range of 50-200 ms could be estimated for the 5d96s2 D3/22 fine-structure level. The storage lifetime of the Pt- ion beam was measured to be a little over 15 min at a ring temperature of 13K. The present study reports the lifetime of an atomic negative ion in an excited bound state with an electron configuration different from that of the ground state.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Eklund, Gustav, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental lifetime of the a1Δ electronically excited state of CH−
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review Research. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2643-1564. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By repeatedly probing the a1Δ excited state and the X3Σ− ground-state populations in a beam of CH− ions stored in a cryogenic ion-beam storage ring for 100 s, we extract an intrinsic lifetime of 14.9±0.5 s for this excited state. This is far longer than all earlier experimental and theoretical results, exposing large difficulties in measuring and calculating slow decays and the need for benchmark quality experiments.
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| 35. |
- Frost, R. J. W., et al.
(författare)
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A compact accelerator driven neutron source at the Applied Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Lund University
- 2023
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Ingår i: EPJ TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION. - : Springer Nature. - 2195-7045. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Applied Nuclear Physics Group at Lund University has constructed a CANS (Compact Accelerator-driven Neutron Source). The CANS is based around a 3 MV, single-ended, Pelletron accelerator, which is used to impinge a 2.8 MeV deuterium beam into a beryllium target. The anticipated neutron production will be on the order of 10(10) n/s in 4 pi sr, with future upgrades expected to increase neutron production to 10(11) n/s. Neutron energy will be up to 9 MeV with peak emission at similar to 5 MeV. Shielding and moderation will be provided by a large water tank surrounding the target, with exit ports to allow moderated neutrons to be directed to experiments. The thermal-neutron flux at the exit of the extraction ports is anticipated to be up to 10(6) n/cm(2)/s. The CANS will be used to forward the activities of the group in the area of neutron-activation analysis, in addition to a broader range of neutron related applications.
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| 36. |
- Gómez-Martínez, Daniela, et al.
(författare)
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Phenotypic and transcriptomic acclimation of the green microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata to high environmental levels of the herbicide diflufenican
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 875
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herbicide pollution poses a worldwide threat to plants and freshwater ecosystems. However, the understanding of how organisms develop tolerance to these chemicals and the associated trade-off expenses are largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the physiological and transcriptional mechanisms underlying the acclimation of the green microalgal model species Raphidocelis subcapitata (Selenastraceae) towards the herbicide diflufenican, and the fitness costs associated with tolerance development. Algae were exposed for 12 weeks (corresponding to 100 generations) to diflufenican at the two environmental concentrations 10 and 310 ng/L. The monitoring of growth, pigment composition, and photosynthetic performance throughout the experiment revealed an initial dose-dependent stress phase (week 1) with an EC50 of 397 ng/L, followed by a time-dependent recovery phase during weeks 2 to 4. After week 4, R. subcapitata was acclimated to diflufenican exposure with a similar growth rate, content of carotenoids, and photosynthetic performance as the unexposed control algae. This acclimation state of the algae was explored in terms of tolerance acquisition, changes in the fatty acids composition, diflufenican removal rate, cell size, and changes in mRNA gene expression profile, revealing potential fitness costs associated with acclimation, such as up-regulation of genes related to cell division, structure, morphology, and reduction of cell size. Overall, this study demonstrates that R. subcapitata can quickly acclimate to environmental but toxic levels of diflufenican; however, the acclimation is associated with trade-off expenses that result in smaller cell size.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Kristiansson, P., et al.
(författare)
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Optical dot gain on newsprint determined with the Lund nuclear microprobe
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0168-583X .- 1872-9584. ; 130:1-4, s. 303-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A technique for measuring optical dot gain, i.e. the relative difference between the actual screen dot and the optically perceived one, is presented. By combining measurements from the non-optical nuclear microprobe with data from image analyzing technique the optical dot gain can be determined. The procedure to reach pixel by pixel correlation on a micrometer scale is discussed. In the newsprint sample studied in this investigation a typical optical dot gain between 15 and 20% was deduced. The variation in the optical dot gain was correlated with other characteristic parameters of the print and newsprint and especially a positive correlation to the mass density of the newsprint was observed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
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| 41. |
- Malmqvist, K. G., et al.
(författare)
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PIXE and proton microprobe advances at the Lund Institute of Technology
- 1989
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Ingår i: Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B. - 0168-583X. ; 40-41:PART 1, s. 685-689
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A review of recent advances in high-energy ion beam analysis at the Lund Institute of Technology is presented. A nonvacuum specimen chamber allows chemical speciation using a combination of ion beam analysis and controlled heating. The development of a new versatile scanning proton microbeam based on a new dedicated accelerator, an achromatic triplet lens and an advanced specimen chamber is outlined together with the performance of a microVAX-II/VMEbus-based data acquisition system.
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| 42. |
- Schmidt, Henning T., et al.
(författare)
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Rotationally Cold OH- Ions in the Cryogenic Electrostatic Ion-Beam Storage Ring DESIREE
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 119:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We apply near-threshold laser photodetachment to characterize the rotational quantum level distribution of OH- ions stored in the cryogenic ion-beam storage ring DESIREE at Stockholm University. We find that the stored ions relax to a rotational temperature of 13.4 +/- 0.2 K with 94.9 +/- 0.3% of the ions in the rotational ground state. This is consistent with the storage ring temperature of 13.5 +/- 0.5 K as measured with eight silicon diodes but in contrast to all earlier studies in cryogenic traps and rings where the rotational temperatures were always much higher than those of the storage devices at their lowest temperatures. Furthermore, we actively modify the rotational distribution through selective photodetachment to produce an OH- beam where 99.1 +/- 0.1% of approximately one million stored ions are in the J = 0 rotational ground state. We measure the intrinsic lifetime of the J = 1 rotational level to be 145 +/- 28 s.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Bartek, J., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Course in Chronic Subdural Hematoma Patients Aged 18-49 Compared to Patients 50 Years and Above: A Multicenter Study and Meta-Analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-2295. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Chronic Subdural Hematoma (cSDH) is primarily a disease of elderly, and is rare in patients < 50 years, and this may in part be related to the increased brain atrophy from 50 years of age. This fact may also influence clinical presentation and outcome. The aim of this study was to study the clinical course with emphasis on clinical presentation of cSDH patients in the young (<50 years). Methods: A retrospective review of a population-based cohort of 1,252 patients operated for cSDH from three Scandinavian neurosurgical centers was conducted. The primary end-point was difference in clinical presentation between the patients <50 y/o and the remaining patients (>= 50 y/o group). The secondary end-points were differences in perioperative morbidity, recurrence and mortality between the two groups. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed comparing clinical patterns of cSDH in the two age groups. Results: Fifty-two patients (4.2%) were younger than 50 years. Younger patients were more likely to present with headache (86.5% vs. 37.9%, p < 0.001) and vomiting (25% vs. 5.2%, p < 0.001) than the patients >= 50 y/o, while the >= 50 y/o group more often presented with limb weakness (17.3% vs. 44.8%, p < 0.001), speech impairment (5.8% vs. 26.2%, p = 0.001) and gait disturbance or falls (23.1% vs. 50.7%, p < 0.001). There was no difference between the two groups in recurrence, overall complication rate and mortality within 90 days. Our meta-analysis confirmed that younger patients are more likely to present with headache (p = 0.015) while the hemispheric symptoms are more likely in patients >= 50 y/o (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Younger patients with cSDH present more often with signs of increased intracranial pressure, while those >= 50 y/o more often present with hemispheric symptoms. No difference exists between the two groups in terms of recurrence, morbidity, and short-term mortality. Knowledge of variations in clinical presentation is important for correct and timely diagnosis in younger cSDH patients.
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| 46. |
- Bartek, J, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of recurrence and complications after chronic subdural hematoma surgery: a population-based study.
- 2017
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Ingår i: World neurosurgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-8769 .- 1878-8750. ; 106, s. 609-614
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate predictors of recurrence and moderate to severe complications after burr-hole surgery for chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH).A retrospective review was conducted in a Scandinavian single center population-based cohort of 759 adult cSDH patients operated with burr-hole surgery between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2010. Possible predictors of recurrence and complications, assessed using a standardized reporting system of adverse events, were identified and analyzed in univariable analyses. Variables with a P value < 0.10 were included in a multivariable regression model.Recurrence was observed in 85 patients (11.2%), while moderate to severe complications were observed in 35 (4.6%) patients. Bilateral hematoma (OR 2.05, 95 % CI 1.25-3.35, P<0.01) and largest hematoma diameter in millimeters, (OR 1.05, 95 % CI 1.01-1.09, P<0.01) were independent predictors of recurrence in the multivariable model analysis. Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of <13 (OR 6.06, 95 % CI 2.72-13.51, P<0.01) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) >1 (OR 2.28, 95 % CI 1.10-4.75, P=0.03) were independent predictors of moderate to severe complications.Recurrence after cSDH surgery is more often encountered in patients with radiological more extensive disease reflected by bilateral hematoma and large hematoma diameter. In contrary, moderate to severe complications are more often seen in patients in worse clinical condition, reflected by decreased level of consciousness and more comorbidities.
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| 47. |
- Bartek, J, et al.
(författare)
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Surgery for chronic subdural hematoma in nonagenarians: A Scandinavian population-based multicenter study.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1600-0404 .- 0001-6314. ; 136:5, s. 516-520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a prevalent condition often seen in the elderly, with surgery being the treatment of choice when symptomatic. So far, few have explored the surgical outcomes in patients 90years or older. The aim of this study was to investigate outcome after cSDH surgery in nonagenarians (≥90 y/o group) compared to younger adult patients (<90 y/o group).In a Scandinavian population-based cohort we conducted a retrospective review of 1,254 patients undergoing primary burr-hole procedures for cSDH between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2010 at three neurosurgical centers. In a comparative analysis, the primary end-point was difference in hematoma recurrence rates between the ≥90 y/o and <90 y/o groups. The secondary end-points were differences in perioperative morbidity and mortality between groups.75 patients were 90years or older. There was no significant difference in recurrences resulting in reoperation between the age groups (10.7% vs 13.6%, P=.47). There was also no significant difference in overall complication rate (4.1% vs 8.1%, P=.21) or severe complications (1.4% vs 2.0%, P=.68). There were three (4.0%) perioperative deaths within 30days in the ≥90 y/o group and 40 (3.4%) in the <90 y/o group (P=.78).Patients 90years or older had similar rates of recurrence, perioperative morbidity and perioperative mortality as compared to younger patients. Age alone should not be a contraindication for surgery in patients with cSDH.
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| 48. |
- Berglund Kristiansson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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A qualitative study of older persons’ experiences of getting individual support with digital needs in the context of home ID 281
- 2024
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Ingår i: The first Global Conference on Person-Centred Care. - : University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care. - 9789153106708 ; , s. 216-216
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Digitalization is seen as a necessity to manage the increasing burden on the health care system and is accordingly considered an important tool in the transformation to integrated care (Swedish Nära vård). However, when health care is digitalized older persons are at increased risk of being marginalized and dependent on others due to their generally lower digital competence. To address this, several Swedish municipalities offer individual support to older persons in their own home, a service called Digital Coach (DC). As this service is new, the aim is to describe older persons’ experiences of getting individual support with digital needs in the context of home. Method: Semi-structured interviews (n=14) were conducted with older persons who have had DC support in their home. The focus was on older persons’ experiences of the support. Data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results, preliminary: The overall theme, to be a valued person in the digital society, represents a feeling of being taken seriously and worth investing resources in to gain access to society. Three categories emerged: (1) The need to keep up with the times which means to understand and navigate the new digital landscape with the opportunity for independence and participation, (2) Support and respect in the learning situation, is crucial for feeling comfortable to expose insufficient knowledge, and (3) Increased digital competence empowers autonomy and is manifested as the ability to handle the digital tools and services by your own creates a feeling of joy and satisfaction and increases the opportunity to participate in both social and community activities. Conclusion: The result shows that individual support with digital needs in the context of home increase digital competence in older persons and create feelings of being valued and included in the digital society, which can extend to integrated person-centered care.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Bjarnadóttir, Thóra K., et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive repertoire and phylogenetic analysis of the G-protein-coupled receptors in human and mouse
- 2006
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Ingår i: Genomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0888-7543 .- 1089-8646. ; 88:3, s. 263-273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding differences in the repertoire of orthologous gene pairs is vital for interpretation of pharmacological and physiological experiments if conclusions are conveyed between species. Here we present a comprehensive dataset for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in both human and mouse with a phylogenetic road map. We performed systematic searches applying several search tools such as BLAST, BLAT, and Hidden Markov models and searches in literature data. We aimed to gather a full-length version of each human or mouse GPCR in only one copy referring to a single chromosomal position. Moreover, we performed detailed phylogenetic analysis of the transmembrane regions of the receptors to establish accurate orthologous pairs. The results show the identity of 495 mouse and 400 human functional nonolfactory GPCRs. Overall, 329 of the receptors are found in one-to-one orthologous pairs, while 119 mouse and 31 human receptors originate from species-specific expansions or deletions. The average percentage similarity of the orthologue pairs is 85%, while it varies between the main GRAFS families from an average of 59 to 94%. The orthologous pairs for the lipid-binding GPCRs had the lowest levels of conservation, while the biogenic amines had highest levels of conservation. Moreover, we searched for expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and identified more than 17,000 ESTs matching GPCRs in mouse and human, providing information about their expression patterns. On the whole, this is the most comprehensive study of the gene repertoire that codes for human and mouse GPCRs. The datasets are available for downloading.
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