| 1. |
- Bieser, Jan C. T., et al.
(författare)
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The digitalization of passenger transport : Technologies, applications and potential implications for greenhouse gas emissions
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To meet internationally agreed climate protection targets, a drastic reduction of passenger transport greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is required. The “Avoid-Shift-Improve”-Approach suggests to meet future transport demand by avoiding unnecessary travel, shifting travel to more environmentally-friendly transport modes and improving the environmental performance of transport modes. Digital applications can contribute to both an increase or a decrease of passenger transport GHG emissions, e.g. by avoiding travel, increasing travel or shifting travel to more GHG-intensive or GHG-efficient transport modes. In view of the large number of digital applications in passenger transport and their uncertain impacts on GHG emissions, the aim of this report is to present a review of (1) digital technologies that are used in passenger transport, (2) applications that are supported by digital technologies and (3) their potential impacts on GHG emissions.We identified nine central categories of digital technologies that shape passenger transport, namely (mobile) end user devices and apps, telecommunication networks, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and big data, geospatial technologies, digital sensors, computer graphics, automation and robotics and blockchain. These technologies support various applications in passenger transport which can be categorized into digital traveler information systems (e.g. trip planning and booking apps), digital shared mobility services (e.g. car or ride sharing), digitally-enabled transport modes that would not exist without digital technologies (e.g. virtual mobility, taxi drones), digital in-vehicle applications (e.g. automated driving), and digital applications for traffic and infrastructure management (e.g. traffic simulations and mobility pricing).All described applications can have reducing and increasing effects on GHG emissions. Main levers to reduce GHG emissions are (1) a reduction of number of vehicles produced (e.g. through vehicle sharing), (2) a reduction of total travel distances (e.g. through virtual mobility), (3) an increase in the attractiveness of and shift to more GHG-efficient transport modes (e.g. through multimodal mobility platforms), (4) an increase in the utilization of transport modes and a reduction of vehicle kilometers traveled (e.g. through ride sharing), and (5) an increase in the fuel efficiency of vehicles (e.g. through automated driving systems).In a real-life setting, the impacts of digital applications depend on the interplay between the applications and their design, existing travel patterns and the policy framework in place. In order put digital applications in passenger transport at the service of climate protection, applications and policies have to be aligned in a way that they promote GHG reducing levers. Otherwise, there is a risk that these applications lead to an increase in GHG emissions, e.g. by inducing additional travel or promoting more GHG-intensive transport modes.Future research should empirically assess the impacts of digital applications on passenger transport and identify the conditions under which decarbonization potentials will materialize. This will support policy makers and market actors to jointly create conditions under which offering digital applications in passenger transport contributes to a net GHG emission reduction and is economically-feasible.
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| 2. |
- Kriukelyte, Erika, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Actualizing sustainable transport : the interplay between public policy instruments and shared mobility providers' business models
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Nature. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cities around the world are trying to understand if and how to regulate urban mobility in a way that stimulates innovation and supports business while also promoting public values and accelerating a sustainability transition. Service providers are also attempting to understand how to grow and thrive as a business as they challenge existing urban mobility structures and practices via new mobility services, new uses of public space, etc. Thus, this article seeks to understand the interplay between business models and public policies and, ultimately, the implications policy instruments have on shaping conditions for sustainable urban mobility. To address these questions, a qualitative approach is utilized, comprising case studies of two 'new mobility' service providers (Bolt and Tier) operating in three Northern European cities (Oslo, Stockholm, and Berlin) including interviews with these companies and local public actors. Findings show that the business models are influenced by legitimization on the national level, the local authorities' and service providers' approaches, and policy instruments related to the right to operate, including caps, geographic coverage, parking, geofencing, and data sharing. Utilizing business models and multi-level perspectives, the findings are discussed in relation to actualizing sustainable transport, e.g. interdependencies, goal alignment, and temporal and spatial considerations. The authors emphasize the importance of learning by doing, policy mixes (versus instruments), and purpose-driven collaboration among stakeholders.
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| 3. |
- Kriukelyte, Erika, 1989-
(författare)
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Demand Management: : New Perspectives for the Road Transport System Based on Practices in Electricity and Telecommunications
- 2020
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The transport, electricity and telecommunication systems, also known as utilities, are under pressure from disruptive technologies, climate change and even unexpected health disasters. Questions related to demand management and safeguarding the functioning of the system are an important part of handling these pressures. In terms of road transport more specifically, the practices currently in use have been unsuccessful in flattening the demand curve or shifting the demand to more sustainable and space-efficient modes of travel. Therefore, the need for new input in the transport sector regarding demand management is higher than ever before. This report is intended to provide new insights for the transport sector based on the practices and methods for managing fluctuating demand found in other sectors, which can be translated into the following research question: What can the road transport sector learn about demand management practices from the electricity and telecom sectors? The analytical framework used for data collection and analysis is based on and combines the socio-technical theory of large technical systems (LTS) with the multi-level perspective (MLP) on sustainable transition into the infrastructure lifecycle model (ILM) introduced by Bolton and Foxon (2015). The findings are divided into three sections: road transport, electricity and telecom, and a matrix summarizing the identified practices and tools in use is provided at the end of each section. The concluding section is structured into specific learnable moments/new insights, providing an overview and discussion of all three systems in parallel with the help of the ILM. These moments include real-time monitoring and interventions, activating end users to make better-informed decisions, and public-private participation in planning and development. The report concludes with suggestions for future research.
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| 4. |
- Kriukelyte, Erika, 1989-
(författare)
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The transport sector in transition – : different pathways of handling transport data in urban regions of Helsinki, London, Oslo and Singapore
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The fourth industrial revolution is disrupting almost every industry in every country and the transport sector is not an exception in this discussion, with increasing mobility demands and evolving mobility needs in consideration of global sustainability goals. In light of these technological changes and discussions, public authorities are on the path of transition and the role of public transport authorities is still unclear for themselves, for business or even for society at large. This issue extends to transport data policies as there is still a lack a general overview concerning what pathways different cities are working on and implementing. Therefore, this study, as a part of Swedish research programme Mistra SAMS, aims to provide an overview of policies and the management of data connected with the transport sector in four selected city regions: Helsinki, London, Oslo and Singapore. Three research questions have been examined: 1. How do different transport authorities in urban regions approach transport data and perceive the value of data? 2. What kind of action plan is being implemented to create the public value of transport data within the public authorities? 3. How is all of this reflected in collaboration with third parties? Institutional theory is used in the multi-case analysis to guide the collection of data through document analysis and semi-structured interviews and provides a framework for analysis and structuring of the findings. The findings showcased different approaches to data and overall themes in the institutional context in different regions, which included themes such as policies, administrative reforms, technology, interoperability, partnerships and transport data repository. The final discussion identifies two main development paths: technology-led development and other mobility concept-led development. All regions work actively with transport data management, although each builds their approach on different ideas and practices. The proactive role of the public sector in regulating and implementing new technologies is discussed for each of the urban regions. Partnerships between the public and private sectors are more developed in the urban regions with technology-led development. The study outlines key areas of future research, like the role of public authorities, the importance of public-private partnerships, questions related to the digitalization and interoperability.
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