| 1. |
- Cox, Angela, et al.
(författare)
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A common coding variant in CASP8 is associated with breast cancer risk
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 39:3, s. 352-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) has been established to conduct combined case-control analyses with augmented statistical power to try to confirm putative genetic associations with breast cancer. We genotyped nine SNPs for which there was some prior evidence of an association with breast cancer: CASP8 D302H (rs1045485), IGFBP3 -202 C --> A (rs2854744), SOD2 V16A (rs1799725), TGFB1 L10P (rs1982073), ATM S49C (rs1800054), ADH1B 3' UTR A --> G (rs1042026), CDKN1A S31R (rs1801270), ICAM5 V301I (rs1056538) and NUMA1 A794G (rs3750913). We included data from 9-15 studies, comprising 11,391-18,290 cases and 14,753-22,670 controls. We found evidence of an association with breast cancer for CASP8 D302H (with odds ratios (OR) of 0.89 (95% confidence interval (c.i.): 0.85-0.94) and 0.74 (95% c.i.: 0.62-0.87) for heterozygotes and rare homozygotes, respectively, compared with common homozygotes; P(trend) = 1.1 x 10(-7)) and weaker evidence for TGFB1 L10P (OR = 1.07 (95% c.i.: 1.02-1.13) and 1.16 (95% c.i.: 1.08-1.25), respectively; P(trend) = 2.8 x 10(-5)). These results demonstrate that common breast cancer susceptibility alleles with small effects on risk can be identified, given sufficiently powerful studies.
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| 2. |
- Estévez Mauriz, Laura, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Incorporation of the quiet side in noise maps
- 2014
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Ingår i: TECNIACUSTICA 2014. 45st SPANISH CONGRESS ON ACOUSTICS. 8 th IBERIAN CONGRESS ON ACOUSTICS. EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON SMART CITIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACOUSTICS. - 2340-7441. - 9788487985256 ; , s. 123-130
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays noise maps are focused on the noise level at the most exposed façade, leading to underestimations on the shielded areas. Previous research showed that quiet areas have positive effects for the inhabitants' quality of life. To solve this problem, an engineering method was developed within the QSIDE project. This method aims to improve noise maps in terms of multiple reflections in an efficient way. Two different terms, attenuation due to the barrier and the canyon will be incorporated. In this paper, the suggested model from QSIDE has been further developed for its inclusion in noise map calculations.
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| 3. |
- Estévez Mauriz, Laura, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Isolating key features in urban traffic dynamics and noise emission: a study on a signalized intersection and a roundabout
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the INTER-NOISE 2016 - 45th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering: Towards a Quieter Future.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban planning and transport network are considered as major urban systems with great impact on the sound environment. Most of the work done in transport management and traffic design to improve the quality of both outdoor and indoor sound environment relies on conventional noise mapping software outcomes. This type of tool is based on macroscopic traffic modelling, considering traffic flow as a steady noise source. A commonly implemented practice intended to reduce noise in urban areas is the transformation of a signalised crossing into a roundabout. However, the individual vehicle behaviour becomes relevant in these decisions, where high time-pattern fluctuations are responsible for changes in the quality of the urban sound environment and of human activity. The present paper studies a set of indicators from isolated key features in these two road traffic configurations and their possible variations (acceleration, heavy vehicles, etc.). A VISSIM microscopic traffic simulation model combined with the CNOSSOS-EU noise emission model is used to test cases based on real situations, now in development stage. The approach presented aims to provide stronger basis in the reasoning behind why different road traffic configurations adopted in the urban planning practice give certain effects in relation to the urban sound environment.
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| 4. |
- Estévez Mauriz, Laura, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Let the Children Listen: A First Approximation to the Sound Environment Assessment of Children through a Soundwalk Approach
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:12, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The urban sound environment is one of the layers that characterizes a city, and several methodologies are used for its assessment, including the soundwalk approach. However, this approach has been tested mainly with adults. In the work presented here, the aim is to investigate a soundwalk methodology for children, analyzing the sound environment of five different sites of Gothenburg, Sweden, from children's view-point, giving them the opportunity to take action as an active part of society. Both individual assessment of the sound environment and acoustic data were collected. The findings suggested that among significant results, children tended to rank the sound environment as slightly better when lower levels of background noise were present (LA90). Moreover, traffic dominance ratings appeared as the best predictor among the studied sound sources: when traffic dominated as a sound source, the children rated the sound environment as less good. Additionally, traffic volume appeared as a plausible predictor for sound environment quality judgments, since the higher the traffic volume, the lower the quality of the sound environment. The incorporation of children into urban sound environment research may be able to generate new results in terms of children's understanding of their sound environment. Moreover, sound environment policies can be developed from and for children.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Estévez Mauriz, Laura, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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SONORUS Urban sound planning project and test sites: an example within the planning stage
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the INTER-NOISE 2016 - 45th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering: Towards a Quieter Future.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- SONORUS Urban sound planning project looks towards a proactive planning for improved sonic environments, coupled with the variables influencing the quality of life in cities. The project embraces a holistic urban planning approach, involving acoustics at the planning stage as another variable capable to enrich the built environment. To connect the research carried out with practical implementations, SONORUS incorporates four real case studies with different characteristics and a common demand on the improvement of the sound environment at different stages. This paper focuses mainly on Frihamnen test site (Gothenburg, Sweden), considered a strategic city project with the intention to transform the space into a dense mixed-use area. The paper goes through a general introduction framing the holistic approach in urban sound planning at four test sites. The discussion is centred in the research within Frihamnen and the workshop carried out with SONORUS members and city representatives, with the intention to analyse the acoustic situation and understand the impact of future developments on the sound environment. Finally, the work discusses about the consequences and possibilities that the holistic approach might have in urban sound planning and the entire urban planning process as a driving force to improve the liveability of spaces.
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| 7. |
- Estévez Mauriz, Laura, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Soundwalks in Gothenburg
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present report presents the results of a series of soundwalks carried out in the city of Gothenburg as part of the “Framtidsveckan 2015” activities. The study was developed inside the EC project SONORUS Urban Sound Planning in collaboration with the Environmental Office of the city of Gothenburg.The goal is to analyse the sound environment at different locations from the citizens’ point of view through a series of questions while at the same time, sound recordings and acoustical indicator data is obtained. Thereby, thecitizens’ will have the opportunity to contribute to the present and future urban development, including urban sound planning, in the planning agenda. Moreover, the intention is to increase awareness among citizens in terms of noise exposure and sound quality, in addition to make them part of the study of their city. The soundwalks took place in October 2015.
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| 8. |
- Estévez Mauriz, Laura, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Traffic dynamics, road design and noise emission: a study case
- 2015
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Ingår i: Euronoise 2015, 10th European Congress on Noise Control Engineering.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traffic management and traffic design have been issued as the main solutions to reduced problems related to mobility. In relation with noise mapping, traffic simulation is usually based on macroscopic modelling, with e.g. mean speed and flow as output. However, dynamics in terms of acceleration have a strong influence on noise emission. In the current paper, road traffic noise emission is calculated with dynamic traffic as input. A real case, now in planning stage, is used as a setting containing several traffic design alternatives. The resulting total noise emission is calculated for the different traffic and road design solutions by using a microscopic traffic simulation model (VISSIM) combined with a model for noise emission (CNOSSOS-EU). The qualities of the resulting traffic and noise situations are discussed.
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| 9. |
- Estévez Mauriz, Laura, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Urban space and the sound environment: Transport system, urban morphology, quiet side and space users in the SONORUS project
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the INTER-NOISE 2016 - 45th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering: Towards a Quieter Future. ; , s. 2928-2938
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Awareness on urban environmental quality is leading the built environment resilience and sustainability vision, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary framework on urbanization processes. A main concern is the negative impact of outdoor noise due to road traffic, determined largely by the source strength, i.e. the vehicles. This paper summarizes the work within the optimization of urban areas inside the SONORUS Urban sound planning project. The purpose is to provide urban planning tools focusing on interacting approaches through the traffic planning and buildings as instruments supporting a better urban environment, with noise as the main indicator. First, the prediction modelling for quiet sides based on the Qside model is implemented and tested on cases measured in situ. Second, a microscopic road traffic modelling tool gives useful output for noise level predictions as function of time, opening the possibility to calculate noise indicators and test traffic configurations. Discussion extends towards the study of urban morphology diversification, considered a key strategy to increase liveability of spaces, its interaction with the transport system and the impact on the sound environment. Finally, interest focuses on space users modelling their environment beyond noise control, using the soundwalk as a tool to study urban sound experience.
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| 10. |
- Forssén, Jens, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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How can we plan for a good urban sound environment, focusing on road traffic noise?
- 2020
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 588:5
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sound environments in our cities are affected by unwanted sounds, i.e. noise, to an extent that is largely undesired, affecting health and wellbeing. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated the burden of disease from traffic-related noise within the western part of Europe and concluded that we each year lose at least one million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and that only air pollution has a larger disease burden among environmental factors. The burden of environmental noise is mainly sleep disturbance and annoyance. And the dominant source is road traffic. Methods. This paper describes the mechanisms behind road traffic noise and how we can use them in an urban sound planning perspective to improve the sound environment, as an integral part of sustainable cities and communities. The results are based on calculations and measurements made in previous and ongoing projects. Results. Treatments at source consider tyre, road, engine (whether electric or combustion), driving speed and acceleration, and further vehicle restrictions. Methods for reduction of noise during propagation and more general urban planning aspects include low-height barriers and ground treatments; acoustically absorbing facades and roofs of buildings, e.g. including vegetation; and building morphology and quiet side. Quantitative reductions, in decibels, as well as qualitative aspects are presented. Conclusions. The described possible improvements to the urban sound environment, with focus on road traffic noise as the dominant impairing factor, inform us about how a good urban sound environment can be reachable. However, to reach a good sound environment in reality, the work process of applied urban sound planning demands work across disciplines, also at early-stage planning, instead of traditional noise control applied late in the planning process.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneity of breast cancer associations with five susceptibility loci by clinical and pathological characteristics
- 2008
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 4:4, s. e1000054-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A three-stage genome-wide association study recently identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five loci (fibroblast growth receptor 2 (FGFR2), trinucleotide repeat containing 9 (TNRC9), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 K1 (MAP3K1), 8q24, and lymphocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1)) associated with breast cancer risk. We investigated whether the associations between these SNPs and breast cancer risk varied by clinically important tumor characteristics in up to 23,039 invasive breast cancer cases and 26,273 controls from 20 studies. We also evaluated their influence on overall survival in 13,527 cases from 13 studies. All participants were of European or Asian origin. rs2981582 in FGFR2 was more strongly related to ER-positive (per-allele OR (95%CI) = 1.31 (1.27-1.36)) than ER-negative (1.08 (1.03-1.14)) disease (P for heterogeneity = 10(-13)). This SNP was also more strongly related to PR-positive, low grade and node positive tumors (P = 10(-5), 10(-8), 0.013, respectively). The association for rs13281615 in 8q24 was stronger for ER-positive, PR-positive, and low grade tumors (P = 0.001, 0.011 and 10(-4), respectively). The differences in the associations between SNPs in FGFR2 and 8q24 and risk by ER and grade remained significant after permutation adjustment for multiple comparisons and after adjustment for other tumor characteristics. Three SNPs (rs2981582, rs3803662, and rs889312) showed weak but significant associations with ER-negative disease, the strongest association being for rs3803662 in TNRC9 (1.14 (1.09-1.21)). rs13281615 in 8q24 was associated with an improvement in survival after diagnosis (per-allele HR = 0.90 (0.83-0.97). The association was attenuated and non-significant after adjusting for known prognostic factors. Our findings show that common genetic variants influence the pathological subtype of breast cancer and provide further support for the hypothesis that ER-positive and ER-negative disease are biologically distinct. Understanding the etiologic heterogeneity of breast cancer may ultimately result in improvements in prevention, early detection, and treatment.
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| 13. |
- Giorgio, Elisa, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of LMNB1 Duplications in Autosomal Dominant Leukodystrophy Provides Insights into Duplication Mechanisms and Allele-Specific Expression
- 2013
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 34:8, s. 1160-1171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) is an adult onset demyelinating disorder that is caused by duplications of the lamin B1 (LMNB1) gene. However, as only a few cases have been analyzed in detail, the mechanisms underlying LMNB1 duplications are unclear. We report the detailed molecular analysis of the largest collection of ADLD families studied, to date. We have identified the minimal duplicated region necessary for the disease, defined all the duplication junctions at the nucleotide level and identified the first inverted LMNB1 duplication. We have demonstrated that the duplications are not recurrent; patients with identical duplications share the same haplotype, likely inherited from a common founder and that the duplications originated from intrachromosomal events. The duplication junction sequences indicated that nonhomologous end joining or replication-based mechanisms such fork stalling and template switching or microhomology-mediated break induced repair are likely to be involved. LMNB1 expression was increased in patients' fibroblasts both at mRNA and protein levels and the three LMNB1 alleles in ADLD patients show equal expression, suggesting that regulatory regions are maintained within the rearranged segment. These results have allowed us to elucidate duplication mechanisms and provide insights into allele-specific LMNB1 expression levels.
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| 14. |
- Kropp, Heather, et al.
(författare)
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Shallow soils are warmer under trees and tall shrubs across Arctic and Boreal ecosystems
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soils are warming as air temperatures rise across the Arctic and Boreal region concurrent with the expansion of tall-statured shrubs and trees in the tundra. Changes in vegetation structure and function are expected to alter soil thermal regimes, thereby modifying climate feedbacks related to permafrost thaw and carbon cycling. However, current understanding of vegetation impacts on soil temperature is limited to local or regional scales and lacks the generality necessary to predict soil warming and permafrost stability on a pan-Arctic scale. Here we synthesize shallow soil and air temperature observations with broad spatial and temporal coverage collected across 106 sites representing nine different vegetation types in the permafrost region. We showed ecosystems with tall-statured shrubs and trees (>40 cm) have warmer shallow soils than those with short-statured tundra vegetation when normalized to a constant air temperature. In tree and tall shrub vegetation types, cooler temperatures in the warm season do not lead to cooler mean annual soil temperature indicating that ground thermal regimes in the cold-season rather than the warm-season are most critical for predicting soil warming in ecosystems underlain by permafrost. Our results suggest that the expansion of tall shrubs and trees into tundra regions can amplify shallow soil warming, and could increase the potential for increased seasonal thaw depth and increase soil carbon cycling rates and lead to increased carbon dioxide loss and further permafrost thaw.
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| 15. |
- Oehri, Jacqueline, et al.
(författare)
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Vegetation type is an important predictor of the arctic summer land surface energy budget
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the importance of high-latitude surface energy budgets (SEBs) for land-climate interactions in the rapidly changing Arctic, uncertainties in their prediction persist. Here, we harmonize SEB observations across a network of vegetated and glaciated sites at circumpolar scale (1994–2021). Our variance-partitioning analysis identifies vegetation type as an important predictor for SEB-components during Arctic summer (June-August), compared to other SEB-drivers including climate, latitude and permafrost characteristics. Differences among vegetation types can be of similar magnitude as between vegetation and glacier surfaces and are especially high for summer sensible and latent heat fluxes. The timing of SEB-flux summer-regimes (when daily mean values exceed 0 Wm−2) relative to snow-free and -onset dates varies substantially depending on vegetation type, implying vegetation controls on snow-cover and SEB-flux seasonality. Our results indicate complex shifts in surface energy fluxes with land-cover transitions and a lengthening summer season, and highlight the potential for improving future Earth system models via a refined representation of Arctic vegetation types.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Zachos, Georgios, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Auralisation methods as tools for urban traffic noise assessment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the INTER-NOISE 2016 - 45th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering: Towards a Quieter Future. ; , s. 2960-2962
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessment of sound environments for urban areas under development can be achieved by auralising them. This paper discusses auralisation tools needed for evaluating traffic noise. Depending on their usage, the tools could be developed either by simplified or physically detailed models. Simplified but perceptually valid models would suffice for spatially extensive areas. Such a model is outlined targeting distant background traffic noise in flat city scenarios. A more detailed modeling procedure is required for local urban events such as traffic within close range to a receiver, also when obscured by structures. While auralisation methods constantly evolve, their relevance for assessment of environments depends on the perceived acoustic field. A study of a soundwalk is described, where both recordings and data form survey questionnaires are available. The link between the two different forms of data and its use in auralisation tools is discussed.
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| 18. |
- Zachos, Georgios, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Background traffic noise synthesis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the INTER-NOISE 2016 - 45th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering: Towards a Quieter Future. ; , s. 3502-3508
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- When planning the development of urban areas, it is important to assess the future acoustic environment. Currently, this evaluation is achieved with the help of acoustic indicators, but they do not suffice for a holistic description of the perceived sound environment. New indicators can be extracted through listening tests and analysis of different acoustic scenarios. However, generating such scenarios using auralisation models for outdoors sound propagation is often computationally highly demanding. Here, a simplified auralisation model is described, focusing on background traffic noise simulation on flat city scenarios. For computational efficiency, the proposed method partly relies on physical models for air attenuation, ground effects and spherical spreading. The doppler effect and the contribution of individual vehicle pass-bys are achieved with the help of modulation transfer functions, and spatial imagery is realised by both non-corellated phase spectra and modulation transfer functions. Power profiles from measurements are used to model rolling noise. The proposed model is assessed through listening tests against the LISTEN demonstrator on its perceived speed and distance from the listener. The perceived speed is matching better to the LISTEN between 70 kmph and 90 kmph, while above 300 m and up to 900 m from the source, the distance is more correctly guessed from the subjects.
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