| 1. |
- Ament-Velásquez, Sandra Lorena, M.Sc. 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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The taxonomy of the model filamentous fungus Podospora anserina
- 2020
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Ingår i: MycoKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-4057 .- 1314-4049. ; :75, s. 51-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The filamentous fungus Podospora anserina has been used as a model organism for more than 100 years and has proved to be an invaluable resource in numerous areas of research. Throughout this period, P. anserina has been embroiled in a number of taxonomic controversies regarding the proper name under which it should be called. The most recent taxonomic treatment proposed to change the name of this important species to Triangularia anserina. The results of past name changes of this species indicate that the broader research community is unlikely to accept this change, which will lead to nomenclatural instability and confusion in literature. Here, we review the phylogeny of the species closely related to P. anserina and provide evidence that currently available marker information is insufficient to resolve the relationships amongst many of the lineages. We argue that it is not only premature to propose a new name for P. anserina based on current data, but also that every effort should be made to retain P. anserina as the current name to ensure stability and to minimise confusion in scientific literature. Therefore, we synonymise Triangularia with Podospora and suggest that either the type species of Podospora be moved to P. anserina from P. fimiseda or that all species within the Podosporaceae be placed in the genus Podospora.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hensen, Noah, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-scale phylogeny and comparative genomics of the fungal order Sordariales
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The order Sordariales is taxonomically diverse, and harbours many species with different lifestyles and large economic importance. Despite its importance, a robust genome-scale phylogeny, and associated comparative genomic analysis of the order is lacking.In this study, we examined whole-genome data from 99 Sordariales, including 52 newly sequenced genomes, and seven outgroup taxa. We inferred a comprehensive phylogeny that resolved several contentious relationships amongst families in the order, and cleared-up intrafamily relationships within the Podosporaceae. Extensive comparative genomics showed that genomes from the three largest families in the dataset (Chae-tomiaceae, Podosporaceae and Sordariaceae) differ greatly in GC content, genome size, gene number, repeat percentage, evolutionary rate, and genome content affected by repeat-induced point mutations (RIP). All genomic traits showed phylogenetic signal, and ancestral state reconstruction revealed that the variation of the properties stems primarily from within-family evolution. Together, the results provide a thorough framework for understanding genome evolution in this important group of fungi.
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| 4. |
- Kruys, Åsa, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Coprophilous contributions to the phylogeny of Lasiosphaeriaceae and allied taxa within Sordariales (Ascomycota, Fungi)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Fungal diversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 10:1, s. 101-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phylogenetic relationships of Lasiosphaeriaceae are complicated in that the family is paraphyletic and includes Sordariaceae and Chaetomiaceae, as well as several polyphyletic genera. This study focuses on the phylogenetic relationships of the coprophilous genera, Anopodium, Apodospora, Arnium, Fimetariella and Zygospermella. They are traditionally circumscribed based on ascospore characters, which have proven homoplasious in other genera within the family. Our results based on LSU nrDNA and ß–tubulin sequences distinguish four lineages ofLasiosphaeriaceae taxa. Anopodium joins the clade of morphologically similar, yellow-pigmented species of Cercophora and Lasiosphaeria. Apodospora is monophyletic and joins a larger group of taxa with unclear affinities to each other, while Arnium is polyphyletic being scattered throughout three of the four major clades of Lasiosphaeriaceae. Fimitariella is represented by a single collection and joins the clade containing Cercophora scortea and Podospora appendiculata. Zygospermellashows affinities to the Lasiosphaeris clade. Based on a combination of morphological and molecular data, Echria stat. nov. is recognized at the genus level for the former Arnium section and two new combinations are proposed: E. gigantospora and E. macrotheca.
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| 5. |
- Kruys, Åsa, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular phylogeny of Sydowiellaceae : resolving the position of Cainiella
- 2012
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Ingår i: Mycologia. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0027-5514 .- 1557-2536. ; 104:2, s. 419-426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cainiella is an ascomycete genus associated with arctic alpine plants. The systematic position of Cainiella has long been unclear, with current classifications placing the genus in either Sordariales or Xylariales. Our molecular results, based on mtSSU, ITS and nLSU rDNA data, clearly show that the genus belongs in the Sydowiellaceae (Diaporthales). The study also includes new sequences of Sydowiellaceae and contributes to a better knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships of that family.
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| 6. |
- Kruys, Åsa
(författare)
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New species of Preussia with 8-celled ascospores (Sporormiaceae, Pleosporales, Ascomycota)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Phytotaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1179-3155 .- 1179-3163. ; 234:2, s. 143-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The focus of this study is on Preussia sensu lato species with 8-celled ascospores. Two new species, P. alpina and P. octocylindrospora are introduced based on morphological characters and discussed in relation to similar species in the genus. New records are provided from Sporormiella corynespora, S. octomegaspora, P. octomera and P. octonalis. This greatly expands or reduces their geographical distribution ranges, as well as substrate preferences. In addition, a key to the coprophilous species with 8-celled ascospores is provided.
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| 7. |
- Kruys, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic relationships and an assessment of traditionally used taxonomic characters in the Sporormiaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota), utilising multi-gene phylogenies
- 2009
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Ingår i: Systematics and Biodiversity. - 1477-2000 .- 1478-0933. ; 7:4, s. 465-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The family Sporormiaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) occur worldwide and a majority of the species are coprophilous. The taxonomy and classification of the family are based on a small number of morphological and ecological characters. Several taxa are easily confused by their shared morphological features, and the relationships between genera are poorly known and in need of critical study. The aims of this study were to resolve the phylogenetic relationships within the Sporormiaceae, test the current generic classification, and study the utility of traditional characters for the taxonomy in the group. To resolve these questions, we analysed combined data sets of ITS-nLSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA and beta-tubulin sequences with parsimony and Bayesian methods. The results showed that many characters, which previously have been used in the taxonomy and classification of the Sporormiaceae, such as the substrate choice, presence or absence of an ostiole, and presence or absence of germ slits, were all homoplastic and not useful for circumscribing monophyletic groups. A number of characters may be useful for circumscribing smaller clades if used in combination with other features, such as the shape of the ascus with the shape of the ascospores. Our phylogenetic analyses show that Preussia and Sporormiella are non-monophyletic, and a constrained analysis forcing these genera into monophyly resulted in significantly worse trees. Spororminula is nested in Preussia s. lat., and Eremodothis and Pycnidiophora are nested within Westerdykella. Finally, we suggest a new generic classification for the family Sporormiaceae, including Sporormia, Preussia (including Sporomiella and Spororminula) and Westerdykella (including Eremodothis and Pycnidiophora). We also propose 14 new combinations: Preussia alloiomera (S.I. Ahmed & Cain) Kruys, Preussia antarctica (Speg.) Kruys, Preussia bipartis (Cain) Kruys, Preussia borealis (I.Egeland) Kruys, Preussia dubia (S.I. Ahmed & Cain) Kruys, Preussia lignicola (W. Phillips & Plowr.) Kruys, Preussia longisporopsis (S.I. Ahmed & Cain) Kruys, Preussia minipascua (S.I. Ahmed & Cain) Kruys, Preussia octomera (Auersw.) Kruys, Preussia splendens (Cain) Kruys, Preussia tenerifae (Arx & Aa) Kruys, Preussia tetramera (S.I. Ahmed & Cain) Kruys, Westerdykella angulata (A.C. Das) Kruys and Westerdykella aurantiaca (J.N. Rai & J.P. Tewari) Kruys.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Kruys, Åsa, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Species richness of coprophilous ascomycetes in relation to variable food intake by herbivores
- 2008
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Ingår i: Fungal diversity. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 30, s. 73-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to study species richness and species composition of coprophilous ascomycetes in borcal forest. Dung was sampled at three localities and of three herbivores, moose (Alces alces), mountain hare (Lepus timidus), and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Species richness differed significantly among dung types and we also found a significant effect of the interaction between locality and dung type on the mean number of species. The highest species richness was found on roe deer dung. While moose did not differ from mountain hare. There was a strong positive relationship between the total number of ascomycete species and the number of plant species foraged by the three herbivores. We believe that food choice is one important factor influencing the species richness of coprophilous ascomycetes, and that some species are more associated with habitat and food choice of the herbivore, rather than a specific dung type/animal species. The composition of species on the different dung types is also discussed. Our results suggests that the coprophilous mycota in the boreal forest is poorly known, we found 47 species in total, four species were undescribed. I was new to Sweden, 24 species were new records for the province, and we made a total of 22 new substrate records.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Nyberg Kruys, Åsa
(författare)
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Phylogenetic relationships and species richness of coprophilous ascomycetes
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Coprophilous ascomycetes are a diverse group of saprobes, of which many belong to three families, Delitschiaceae, Phaeotrichaceae and Sporormiaceae, within the large order Pleosporales. The natural relationships and circumscription of these families are unclear, especially within the family Sporormiaceae, where the generic delimitation have been questioned. There is also a need to understand how different ecological processes affect species richness and occurrence of coprophilous ascomycetes in general. The aim of this thesis was therefore to test earlier classifications of coprophilous taxa within Pleosporales, using phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences; and to study how the habitat, dung type and herbivores´ food choice may affect the species richness and species composition of coprophilous ascomycetes.A phylogenetic study shows that coprophilous taxa have arisen several times within Pleosporales. Sporormiaceae and Delitschiaceae are separate monophyletic groups and should continue to be recognized as two distinct families within Pleosporales. Phaeotrichaceae forms a monophyletic group, and is, unexpectedly, a strongly supported sister-group to Venturiaceae, but if they belong to Pleosporales or not, remains unresolved. Testudinaceae and Zopfiaceae, which previously had an unclear position in Ascomycota, are shown to be members of Pleosporales and should be treated as two separate families. The genus Eremodothis is, however, not related to Testudinaceae, but is nested within Sporormiaceae and should be transferred to Westerdykella.The natural relationships within Sporormiaceae are still not fully resolved and consequently, I suggest a rather conservative generic classification, accepting Preussia, Sporormia, Westerdykella, as well as Sporormiella, despite that the latter is not conclusively well supported as monophyletic. Characters previously used in the taxonomy and classification of Sporormiaceae, as choice of substrate, presence or absence of an ostiole, presence or absence of germ slits, and spore ornamentation, were all homoplastic and not very useful for circumscribing monophyletic groups.Field-studies of moose (Alces alces), mountain hare (Lepus timidus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) dung resulted in several new species records, which suggests that coprophilous ascomycetes in boreal Sweden are poorly known. Fungal species richness and occurrence on moose dung varied significantly between habitats. Species diversity was negatively associated with amount of insect attack, and insects feeding either on the dung and/or the fungi may be an important factor explaining the observed pattern. Species richness of coprophilous fungi varied also significantly between different dung types. A study of moose, mountain hare, and roe deer dung did not show any consistent patterns in respect to the animals´ digestive system. There was, however, a general strong positive relationship between the total number of ascomycete species and the number of plant species foraged by the three herbivores. Fungal species with large spores (≥ 50 µm) were over-represented on roe deer dung, and under-represented on moose dung, while the reverse was found for species with small spores (<10µm). This suggests that the foraging level of the herbivore, which in turn mirrors species-specific differences in spore dispersal of the fungi, may be an important factor in explaining species richness and diversity of the coprophilous community.
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| 12. |
- Schoch, C. L., et al.
(författare)
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A class-wide phylogenetic assessment of Dothideomycetes
- 2009
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Ingår i: Studies in mycology. - : Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute. - 0166-0616 .- 1872-9797. ; 64, s. 1-15
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a comprehensive phylogeny derived from 5 genes, nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, TEF1, RPB1 and RPB2, for 356 isolates and 41 families (six newly described in this volume) in Dothideomycetes. All currently accepted orders in the class are represented for the first time in addition to numerous previously unplaced lineages. Subclass Pleosporomycetidae is expanded to include the aquatic order Jahnulales. An ancestral reconstruction of basic nutritional modes supports numerous transitions from saprobic life histories to plant associated and lichenised modes and a transition from terrestrial to aquatic habitats are confirmed. Finally, a genomic comparison of 6 dothideomycete genomes with other fungi finds a high level of unique protein associated with the class, supporting its delineation as a separate taxon.
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| 13. |
- Sundberg, Henrik, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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A crush on small fungi : An efficient and quick method for obtaining DNA from minute ascomycetes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Methods in Ecology and Evolution. - 2041-210X. ; 9:1, s. 148-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a reliable technique for extracting DNA from single microscopic fungal thalli, including efficient cell disruption and transfer of cell content for subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The technique was primarily developed for members of the ascomycete order Laboulbeniales, which are minute fungi with tough cell walls that are exceedingly difficult to disrupt with standard extraction techniques. Our method makes routine amplification of DNA from single thalli possible, even from small species or poorly developed individuals. DNA release is accomplished in an entirely mechanical manner using an arbor press fitted with custom-made components. This approach has eliminated additional treatment such as laborious freeze-thaw cycles, enzymes, or lysing agents. The overall PCR success rate of 89% is comparable to or better than alternative protocols that make use of substantially larger amounts of fungal tissue. From 97% of the successful PCRs a total of 156 sequences from four gene regions were produced. Being able to restrict DNA extractions to a single thallus is critical to all genetic studies requiring data at the level of individual, e.g. population genetics. As all researchers working with minute uncultivable organisms in many respects face the same problems (effective handling of the material, small quantities of DNA etc.), the methodology described here has a potential to be widely applicable. Necessary custom-made components can be manufactured at fairly low cost by any precision-tool workshop using our detail drawings.
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| 14. |
- Sundberg, Henrik
(författare)
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Contributions to the understanding of diversity and evolution in the genus Coreomyces
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Laboulbeniales is an order of enigmatic ascomycete fungi that are obligate microscopic parasites of arthropods, which are usually non-detrimental. They typically display a high degree of host specificity, and the genus Coreomyces, which is the recurring theme of this thesis, is no exception. Coreomyces is a small aquatic genus parasitising water boatmen (Corixidae). Members in this genus present something that is unique for Laboulbeniales, position specificity. This means that a parasite is restricted to a specific position on the host. This thesis aims at elucidating the patterns of host and position specificity present in the genus Coreomyces by the use of molecular markers. A second aim is to describe new taxa encountered during the course of the project. Finally we wanted to reveal what mating system is present in a member of the Laboulbeniales, something that has never been done before. Understanding the mode of sexual reproduction and to get insights into mating type organisation can give important clues to how the species patterns we observe may have evolved. To achieve these goals we first had to develop a robust and simple molecular methodology that made use of as little material as possible, preferably a single thallus. Our results showed that position specificity indeed exists in this genus, but that it is not as strict as previously presumed, all species we analysed occupied more than one position. Further we were able to show that thalli found in the same position on different hosts constitute the same species, and also that two sister species utilise the same position. We conclude that, in most cases, growth position is more important than host species or host sex in species delimitation. We confirmed the presence of four discrete taxa, two of which were described as new species, Coreomyces confusus H. Sundb. et al. and C. dextrorsus H. Sundb. et al. Finally we were able to show that C. macropus and C. confusus are likely to display a homothallic breeding system.
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| 15. |
- Sundberg, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Coreomyces (Laboulbeniales) in Sweden, with two new species
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 39:11, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genus Coreomyces (Laboulbeniaceae, Laboulbeniomycetes, Ascomycota) includes minute parasites on water boatmen (Corixidae, Hemiptera, Insecta). This taxonomic study is primarily based on freshly sampled corixids infected by Coreomyces from Sweden, although a few samples from Denmark and Turkey were also included. All records were verified using DNA sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer region and large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal DNA repeat region. We recognise four species, two of which are new to science: Coreomyces confusus H. Sundb. et al. sp. nov., C. corixae Thaxt., C. dextrorsus H. Sundb. et al. sp. nov. and C. macropus Thaxt. Coreomyces corixae is new to Denmark, Sweden and Turkey, while C. macropus is new to Denmark and Sweden. Coreomyces confusus is morphologically very similar to C. macropus and also occupies the same positions on the same host species, although it seems to be less common. Coreomyces dextrorsus resembles C. corixae morphologically but is usually considerably larger. It infects the same host species as C. corixae and also shares one of its positions on the host with C. corixae, although it is much more common in its species-specific position. All four species can inhabit two different yet distinct positions on the host. We observe that morphology is affected by the position on the host and that different species sharing the same position on the host tend to be difficult or impossible to separate on morphology only. We conclude that species circumscriptions in Coreomyces must be based on the integration of molecular and morphological data.
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| 16. |
- Sundberg, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Mating types in the genus Coreomyces
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study was to uncover the mating system in members of the monoecious genus Coremyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota). We retrieved genome sequences from five individuals using NGS methods and looked for mating type genes as well as flanking genes. The genomes represent two species, Coreomyces macropus Thaxt. (four genomes) and C. confusus H. Sundb. et al. (one genome). Our results indicate that the two species of Coreomyces are homothallic. We found both MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 in long scaffolds with high sequencing depth in four out of five genomes (MAT1-2 was not encountered in one of the genomes). The flanking SLA2 gene was observed in all five genomes, whereas APN2 was encountered only in two genomes of C. macropus. Homothallism, combined with the earlier observations that archegonia and antheridia appear in close physical proximity and that spermatia generally disperse only over very short distances, suggest that intrahaploid mating may be the norm in Coreomyces and confers an evolutionary advantage.
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| 17. |
- Sundberg, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Position specificity in the genus Coreomyces (Laboulbeniomycetes, Ascomycota)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Fungal Systematics and Evolution. - : Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute. - 2589-3823 .- 2589-3831. ; 1:1, s. 217-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study position specificity in the insect-parasitic fungal genus Coreomyces (Laboulbeniaceae, Laboulbeniales), we sampled corixid hosts (Corixidae, Heteroptera) in southern Scandinavia. We detected Coreomyces thalli in five different positions on the hosts. Thalli from the various positions grouped in four distinct clusters in the resulting gene trees, distinctly so in the ITS and LSU of the nuclear ribosomal DNA, less so in the SSU of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and the mitochondrial ribosomal DNA. Thalli from the left side of abdomen grouped in a single cluster, and so did thalli from the ventral right side. Thalli in the mid-ventral position turned out to be a mix of three clades, while thalli growing dorsally grouped with thalli from the left and right abdominal clades. The mid-ventral and dorsal positions were found in male hosts only. The position on the left hemelytron was shared by members from two sister clades. Statistical analyses demonstrate a significant positive correlation between clade and position on the host, but also a weak correlation between host sex and clade membership. These results indicate that sex-of-host specificity may be a non-existent extreme in a continuum, where instead weak preferences for one host sex may turn out to be frequent.
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| 18. |
- Sundberg, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Two new species in the genus Coreomyces Thaxt. from Europe
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Coreomyces is a small insect-parasitic genus that belongs to the ascomycete order Laboulbeniales. In this study we describe two new species: Coreomyces confusus sp. nov and Coreomyces dextrorsum sp. nov. We have also found C. macropus Thaxt. and C. corixae Thaxt. Thalli congruent in both morphology and position on host integument with C. arcuatus sensu Majewski have been shown to be a morphotype of C. macropus. Infected corixids have been sampled from Sweden and Turkey. Our records have been verified with molecular data (ITS and nrLSU rDNA).
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