| 1. |
- Ahlberg, Beth Maina, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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"A child, a tree" : Challenges in building collaborative relations in a community research project in a Kenyan context
- 2016
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Ingår i: Action Research. - : Sage Publications. - 1476-7503 .- 1741-2617. ; 14:3, s. 257-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper highlights the potential for basing participatory action research on priorities identified by communities. The case builds on a research project by the Social Science Medicine Africa Network (Soma-net) focusing on AIDS prevention among school youth in Kajiado in Kenya during 2003-2006. It became clear from that study just how complex it is to promote open communication on issues of sexuality considered critical for sexual health promotion. Towards the end of that study a spin-off in the form of a concept a child, a tree or tree planting evolved and the research thereafter continued as a partnership between the school community and the researchers. The focus then was on understanding how health promotion could be integrated into other aspects of community life. The concept and tree planting when implemented created a sense of ownership among the pupils largely because they were placed at the centre of the development activities. The story illuminates the nature of change developing in the course of the project, but also the challenges and complexity of creating and maintaining collaborative relations in the face of cultural and gender power dynamics and interventions imposed from outside the community.
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| 3. |
- Gerdin, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Does need matter? : Needs assessments and decision-making among major humanitarian health agencies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Disasters. The Journal of Disaster Studies, Policy and Management. - : Wiley. - 0361-3666 .- 1467-7717. ; 38:3, s. 451-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disasters of physical origin, including earthquakes, floods, landslides, tidal waves, tropical storms, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions, have affected millions of people globally over the past 100 years. Proportionately, there is far greater likelihood of being affected by such disasters in low-income countries than in high-income countries. Furthermore, low-income countries are in need of international assistance following disasters more often than high-income countries. The funding of international humanitarian assistance has increased from USD 12.9 billion in 2006 to an estimated USD 16.7 billion in 2010. The majority of this funding is channelled through humanitarian agencies and is supposed to be distributed based on the need of those affected, as assessed using needs assessments. Such needs assessments may be used to inform decisions internally, to influence others, to justify response decisions, and to obtain funding. Little is known about the quality of needs assessments in practical applications. Consequently, this paper reports on and analyses the views of operational decision-makers in major health-related humanitarian agencies on needs assessments.
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| 5. |
- Kubai, Anne
(författare)
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Being here and there : Migrant communities in Sweden and the conflicts in the Horn of Africa
- 2015
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Ingår i: Africans on the Move. - Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge. - 9781317539544 - 9781138846647 ; , s. 76-90
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The largest migrant communities in Sweden come from Africa's most troubled region, the Horn. These are the Somali and Ethiop-Eritrean communities. This paper examines the not-so-obvious ways in which Ethiop-Eritrean and Somali communities in Sweden influence the political developments, particularly the conflicts at 'home'. Many of these immigrants living in Sweden keep up with social and political developments in their countries of origin almost on daily basis and remain engaged, to a large extent, in the affairs of both their families and communities 'out there' while they 'are here in Sweden'. This article therefore focuses on the particular forms of engagement that have either intended or unintended impact on the intractable conflicts in which the societies in these countries are engaged. I argue that 'nostalgia underpins the immigrants' sense of commitment to the affairs of their countries of origin, and therefore, providing moral and material support to warring groups derives the impetus largely from the affective dimension of migration.
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| 6. |
- Kubai, Anne
(författare)
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Being here and there : Migrant communities in Sweden and the conflicts in the Horn of Africa
- 2013
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Ingår i: African and Black Diaspora. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1752-8631 .- 1752-864X. ; 6:2, s. 174-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The largest migrant communities in Sweden come from Africa’s most troubled region, the Horn. These are the Somali and Ethiop-Eritrean communities. This paper examines the not-so-obvious ways in which Ethiop-Eritrean and Somali communities in Sweden influence the political developments, particularly the conflicts at ‘home’. Many of these immigrants living in Sweden keep up with social and political developments in their countries of origin almost on daily basis and remain engaged, to a large extent, in the affairs of both their families and communities ‘out there’ while they ‘are here in Sweden’. This article therefore focuses on the particular forms of engagement that have either intended or unintended impact on the intractable conflicts in which the societies in these countries are engaged. I argue that ‘nostalgia underpins the immigrants’ sense of commitment to the affairs of their countries of origin, and therefore, providing moral and material support to warring groups derives the impetus largely from the affective dimension of migration.
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| 7. |
- Kubai, Anne
(författare)
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Between justice and reconciliation : The survivors of Rwanda
- 2007
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Ingår i: African Security Review. - Pretoria : Informa UK Limited. - 1024-6029 .- 2154-0128. ; 16:1, s. 53-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the dilemmas of post-genocide Rwanda, where society finds itself caught between justice and reconciliation. One of the major challenges for Rwandans today is to engender reconciliation in a deeply wounded nation and do justice to both victims and perpetrators. It is difficulty to affirm the victims, punish the perpetrators and at the same time bring about reconciliation between them. Yet there are unequivocal claims, especially from the victims, that there can be no justice without reparation and there can be no reconciliation without justice. To bring about justice and reconciliation, the Gacaca process was put in place, but it has turned out to be a source of fear for the perpetrators, who are desperate to bury the evidence by intimidating the survivors, and for the survivors, who are now living in fear of their lives. Consequently, the rising insecurity of survivors has become a matter of national concern, and the challenges to the Gacaca process are threatening to hamper its progress. But this apparently is the only viable justice system for communities to carry out trials at community level, for it was there that the crime of genocide was committed in a mass-killing frenzy. Truth telling and confessions by perpetrators, and forgiveness by victims have been identified as crucial steps towards reconciliation, but the dilemma lies in the inherent contradictions in the application of these concepts: truth, confession and forgiveness.
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| 11. |
- Kubai, Anne, 1959-
(författare)
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'Confession' and 'Forgiveness' as a strategy for development in post-genocide Rwanda
- 2016
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Ingår i: HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies. - : AOSIS. - 0259-9422 .- 2072-8050. ; 72:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The government of Rwanda has pursued reconciliation with great determination in the belief that it is the only moral alternative to post-genocide social challenges. In Rwanda, communities must be mobilised and reshaped for social, political and economic reconstruction. This creates a rather delicate situation. Among other strategies, the state has turned to the concepts of confession and forgiveness which have deep religious roots, and systematised them both at the individual and community or state level in order to bring about reconciliation, justice, social cohesion and ultimately economic development. In view of these strategies and challenges, some of the important questions are: Does forgiveness restore victims and empower them to heal their communities? What empirical evidence exists that religiously inspired justice and reconciliation processes after mass political violence make a difference? In what areas might the understanding of religious thought and activity towards transitional justice be deepened? These questions provide the backdrop against which I examine the case of post-genocide Rwanda in this article. A hermeneutic interpretative analysis is used to situate the phenomena of forgiveness, confession and social transformation within the specific context of post-conflict societies.
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| 17. |
- Kubai, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Making and unmaking ethnicities in the Rwandan context : implication for gender-based violence, health, and wellbeing of women
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ethnicity and Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1355-7858 .- 1465-3419. ; 18:5, s. 469-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo examine ethnicity and gender violence in Rwanda from cultural and historical perspectives and explore the encounters between cultural beliefs and practices and the new gender equality policy and programs and the implications of the particular encounters to the health of women.DesignThe study is a qualitative drawing from the growing range of interactive approaches and methods within an ethnographic framework of the research design. Twenty individual interviews, six focus group discussions and two 'community mobilization' dialogs were conducted.ResultsViolence has continued and there is a conflict between cultural tradition, the de-ethnicization, and gender equality policies. Some of the gender violence preventive programs are influenced by the ethos of the traditional norms, and therefore unwittingly perpetuate gender-based violence.ConclusionsIn spite of the progress that Rwanda has made in political empowerment of women, it still seems a long way before real gender equality is achieved. It seems that women's empowerment is not only just an opportunity for political participation but also this is important. It is also about the capacity to make effective choices and to translate them into desired actions and outcomes, unfettered by cultural sanctions. Universalised, top-down gender policy programs have not furnished all women with the necessary capacity to make decisions that affect their traditionally all important reproductive functions; to challenge the embedded gender imbalance; and to strive for a holistic wellbeing of their families, where they play a central role. Indeed, some of the policies could have negative implications to the health of women, in particular, with sexually transmitted infections, including HIV and AIDS.
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| 18. |
- Kubai, Anne, 1959-
(författare)
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“Moving On” : Wrestling with Forgiveness in Post-Genocide Rwanda
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Lived Experience of Forgiveness. - Lanham : Lexington Books. - 9781666926125 - 9781666926132 ; , s. 71-93
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this chapter, I reflect on lived experiences of forgiveness after mass atrocities. In the last few decades, interest in forgiveness has increased among “psychologists, social scientists, educationists, social workers, scholars of communication and philosophers”.
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| 19. |
- Kubai, Anne, 1959-
(författare)
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Peacebuilding in Fragile, War-Torn Societies in Africa
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Routledge International Handbook of Sociology and Christianity. - : Taylor & Francis. - 9781003277743 ; , s. 326-338
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter covers peacebuilding in three countries in the Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes regions of Africa - South Sudan, Burundi, and Central Africa Republic (CAR) - characterized by fragility and protracted intra-state conflicts. The first section presents a preamble to peacebuilding in these African countries, while the second section illustrates how the warring parties have been wrestling with peace (dis)agreements in each country. The last section revisits William Zartman’s “ripeness” concept to reflect on when, or at what point, parties in protracted intra-state conflicts might be more amenable to opening peace negotiations. The active role of churches and religious organizations in peacebuilding is also highlighted. The chapter emphasizes that, though each conflict is different in important respects, the distinctive characteristics of each case are crucial determinants of the propitious moments for initiating peacebuilding. It suggests that agreements signed by the various groups failed to bring about peace because commitment to ending hostilities is contingent upon a shared vision of the benefits of a peaceful resolution, in which power is the prize to be won. And because there cannot be more than one winner in a war, taking an opportunity when a ripe moment appears is often not an attractive option.
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| 20. |
- Kubai, Anne
(författare)
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Post-genocide Rwanda : The Changing Religious Landscape
- 2007
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Ingår i: Exchange. Journal of Missiological and Ecumenical Research. - 0166-2740 .- 1572-543X. ; 36:2, s. 198-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper seeks to examine the proliferation of Pentecostal churches and the changing religious landscape of Rwanda. The horrific genocide of 1994, left the country's traditional mainline churches bloodied and the Christian faith seriously challenged. Unlike elsewhere in Africa, prior to the genocide, Pentecostal churches had not got a foot-hold in Rwanda, then referred to as the most Catholic country in Africa. In the aftermath, Rwanda has experienced a spontaneous growth of new churches imported by returnees from far and wide. Though the Catholic Church still retains its dominant position, there has been an upsurge of Protestants and the Rwandan religious landscape is changing considerably. This gospel explosion has been attributed to the enormous challenges of social-economic reconstruction of a fractured society, where reconciliation and healing are of utmost importance. By packaging their messages with hindsight of the disillusionment with the traditional churches and the spiritual as well as the material need to arise from the ashes of genocide and rebuild their lives, these churches have attracted thousands of Rwandans.
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| 24. |
- Kubai, Anne, 1959-
(författare)
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Sweden s Approach to COVID-19 in the Context of a Poised National Self-Image
- 2022
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Ingår i: Revista Critica de Ciencias Sociais. - : Centro de Estudos Sociais da Universidade de Coimbra. - 0254-1106 .- 2182-7435. ; :128, s. 61-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the beginning of the Pandemic, Sweden took a different path from her Nordic neighbours and many other countries, namely by not implementing a "forced mass lockdown" or applying stringent restrictions. This paper sets out to examine Sweden s national strategy for responding to COVID-19. This research seeks to address the extent to which the underlying concepts of Swedish "ethos" and "tradition" influenced or shaped the national strategy to avoid forced mass lockdown during the pandemic. To prevent an enforced lockdown to control the spread of COVID-19, the Swedish government presented a range of different measures, both "voluntary and legally binding". The strategy employed by the Public Health Authority was based on notions of "individual responsibility" and "mutual trust" between the government and the citizenry. The guidelines were often ambiguous and left to individuals to interpret for themselves.
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| 25. |
- Kubai, Anne, 1959-
(författare)
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The “Africa Rising” Paradox, Human Trafficking, and Perilous Migration Across the Sahara and the Mediterranean to Europe
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Governance, Security and Development Nexus. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030493479 - 9783030493486 ; , s. 355-370
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Migration is simply the action or process of changing one’s place of residence permanently or temporarily. Migration can be voluntary or involuntary, though as some scholars would like to argue, very few people would take the risk of leaving their countries, homes, and communities and migrate to unknown places without being forced to do so by circumstances that are often beyond their control. Often the thin line between migration that is motivated by a sense of adventure and the search for greener pastures is blurred.
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| 27. |
- Kubai, Anne
(författare)
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Walking a Tight Rope : Christians and Muslims in Post-Genocide Rwanda
- 2007
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Ingår i: Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-6410 .- 1469-9311. ; 18:2, s. 219-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 1994 genocide has become a major factor in Rwandan history. At its root lie both ethnic and religious dimensions. These events are considered in the context of a long history of tension and conflict between segments of the population. Religion having contributed to the radicalization of social identities through the involvement of the religious leadership in the genocide, the article analyses Christian–Muslim relations in post-genocide Rwanda. Interviews with Christians and Muslims show that the hitherto marginalized Muslim minority has been able to protect victims and, in cooperation with other groups, has embarked on jihād to enhance and facilitate reconciliation. As a result, both Tutsis and Hutus have been turning to Islam.
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| 29. |
- Østebø, Terje, 1968-
(författare)
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Localising Salafism : Religious Change among Oromo Muslims in Bale, Ethiopia
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The political transition in 1991 and the new regime’s policy towards the ethnic and religious diversity in Ethiopia have contributed to increased activities from various Islamic reform movements. Among these, we find the Salafi movement which expanded rapidly throughout the 1990s, particularly in the Oromo-speaking south-eastern parts of the country such as Hararge, Arsi and Bale. This dissertation, based on findings from an extensive fieldwork, sheds light on the emergence and expansion of Salafism in Bale. Following the Salafi movement’s development from the 1960s to 2006, it first deals with its early arrival at the end of the Imperial period (late 1960s). Secondly, the study focuses on Salafism during the Marxist period (1974-1991) before discussing the rapid expansion of the movement in the 1990s. The movement’s dynamics and the controversies emerging as a result of the reforms are discussed, particularly with reference to different understandings of sources for religious knowledge and the role of Islamic literacy. The study demonstrates how the religious reforms were connected to wider political, socio-economic and cultural changes, in the sense that improved means of communication paved the way for increased travelling and flows of new ideas into Bale. The study underscores the significance of agents in the process of change, and focuses on the roles of local reformers and Islamic scholars returning from studies in Saudi Arabia in the late 1960s. It also sees the reciprocal process between agents and audience and between stimulus and response as crucial in the process of religious change. This is connected to the issue of localisation and the ways new ideas are coloured by the particularities of the context in which they are introduced. Although Salafism has the character of a trans-national movement, the ways it was remoulded in Bale demonstrates its diversity and points to the importance of locality in construing Salafism.
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