| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Azens, A, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochromic devices embodying W oxide/Ni oxide tandem films
- 2001
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0021-8979. ; 89:12, s. 7885-7887
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six-layer electrochromic devices of indium tin oxide (ITO)/NiOxHy/WO3/ZrP-electrolyte/WO3/ITO were made by reactive dc magnetron sputtering and lamination. The WO3 layer between the acidic ZrP-based electrolyte and the NiOxHy layer served as optically pas
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Azens, A, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochromism of Cr oxide films
- 1999
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Ingår i: ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0013-4686. ; 44:18, s. 3059-3061
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cr oxide films were produced by reactive de magnetron sputtering in Ar + O-2 + H-2. Weak anodic electrochromism was found in acidic electrolytes. A high optical transmittance and a modest voltage range for charge exchange make Cr oxide films of consi
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Azens, A, et al.
(författare)
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Optical and electrochemical properties of dc magnetron sputtered Ti-Ce oxide films
- 1996
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Ingår i: APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0003-6951. ; 68:26, s. 3701-3703
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reactive dc magnetron sputtering was used to make mixed Ti-Ce oxide films with a Ce/Ti ratio gamma between 0 and 0.6. Their optical and electrochemical properties were strongly dependent on the composition. Films with 0.3
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Azens, A, et al.
(författare)
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Sputter-deposited nickel oxide for electrochromic applications
- 1998
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Ingår i: SOLID STATE IONICS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0167-2738. ; 115, s. 449-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin films were produced by sputtering of metallic Ni in Ar/O-2 and Ar/O-2/H-2 atmospheres. Systematic studies of these films were carried out in electrochromic devices with tungsten oxide and either proton or lithium conducting electrolytes. No major
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| 10. |
- Borch, Kurt, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Changing pattern of histological type, location, stage and outcome of surgical treatment of gastric carcinoma
- 2000
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 87:5, s. 618-626
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There are indications that some features of gastric carcinoma are changing, with a possible impact on prognosis. The aim of this study was to examine any changes in type, location, stage, resection rate, postoperative mortality rate or prognosis for patients with gastric carcinoma in a well defined population. Methods: During 1974-1991, 1161 new cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were diagnosed in Ostergotland County, Sweden. Tumour location, Lauren histological type, tumour node metastasis (TNM) stage, radicality of tumour resection and postoperative complications were recorded after histological re-evaluation of tissue specimens and examination of all patient records. Dates of death were obtained from the Swedish Central Bureau of Statistics. Time trends were studied by comparing the intervals 1974-1982 (period 1) and 1983-1991 (period 2). Results: The proportion of diffuse type of adenocarcinoma increased (from 27 to 35 per cent), while that of mixed type decreased (from 16 to 9 per cent) and that of intestinal type was unchanged. The proportion of tumours located in the proximal two-thirds of the stomach increased (from 32 to 42 per cent) and the proportion of patients with tumours in TNM stage IV decreased (from 32 to 25 per cent). Overall tumour resection rates were unchanged, although the proportion of radical total gastrectomies increased (from 36 to 50 per cent). Excluding tumours of the cardia or gastric remnant after previous ulcer surgery, the 5-year relative survival rate after radical resection increased from 25 to 36 per cent and the postoperative mortality rate decreased for both radical (from 11 to 4 per cent) and palliative (from 18 to 6 per cent) resection. Conclusion: The patterns of tumour histology, location and stage of gastric carcinoma have changed in the authors' region. These changes were paralleled by a significant improvement in survival and postoperative mortality rates.
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| 11. |
- Enochsson, L, et al.
(författare)
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Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy in overweight patients
- 2001
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Ingår i: Surgical Endoscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-2794 .- 1432-2218. ; 15:4, s. 387-392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) has been associated with a faster recovery and less postoperative pain than the open technique. However, few data are available on the clinical outcome of LA in overweight patients. Methods: A group of 106 patients with a body mass index (BMI) > 26.4, representing the upper quintile of 500 prospectively randomized patients, were included in the study. They were randomized to undergo either laparoscopic or open appendectomy (OA). Operating and anesthesia times, postoperative pain, complications, hospital stay, functional index (1 week postoperatively), sick leave, and time to full recovery were documented. Results: In OA, the operating time for overweight patients was significantly longer than that for patients in the normal weight range (40 vs 35 min, p < 0.05). In LA, there was no difference in operating time between the normal and overweight patients. Overweight patients who underwent LA had longer operating and anesthesia times than their OA counterparts (55 vs 40 min, p < 0.001, and 125 vs 100 min, p < 0.001, respectively). Postoperative pain was significantly greater in overweight patients who underwent OA than in those treated with the laparoscopic technique. Postoperative pain was also significantly greater in overweight patients subjected to OA than in patients of normal weight after 4 weeks, the clinical significance may, however, be of less importance since the values are low (0.26 vs 0.09, p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two operating techniques in terms of complications. Hospital stay was longer for overweight patients than for normal-weight patients undergoing OA (3.0 vs 2.0, p < 0.01). The functional index did not differ between any group of patients. Sick leave was longer for overweight patients who underwent OA than for normal-weight patients treated with the same technique (17 vs 13 days, p < 0.01). In the laparoscopic group, however, there were no differences between the overweight and normal-weight patients. Time to full recovery was greater in overweight patients subjected to OA than in the overweight patients in the LA group (22 vs 15 days, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, overweight patients who were submitted to LA had less postoperative pain and a faster postoperative recovery than overweight patients who had OA. LA also abolished some of the negative effects that overweight had on operating time, hospital stay, and sick leave with the open technique. However, anesthesia and operating times were significantly longer in LA for both overweight patients and those with a normal BMI.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Granqvist, C. G., et al.
(författare)
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Progress in Smart Windows Research: Improved Electrochromic W Oxide Films and Transparent Ti-Ce Oxide Counter Electrodes
- 1996
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Ingår i: Renewable energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 8:1-4, s. 97-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review recent work on sputter deposited W-oxide-based films. Improved electrochemical durability was obtained by electron bombardment during deposition, and enhanced coloration/bleaching dynamics was obtained by fluorination. Spectrally resolved scattering measurements indicated that haze levels ≪ 1 % could be reached. Oblique angle deposition could yield angular selectivity. New results are given for sputtered Ti-Ce oxide films, showing their capacity as counter electrodes in transparent electrochromic devices.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Halldestam, Ingvar, et al.
(författare)
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Development of symptoms and complications in individuals with asymptomatic gallstones
- 2004
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 91:6, s. 734-738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Gallbladder stones are common in the developed world. Complications of gallstones contribute substantially to healthcare costs and may be life threatening. The identification of individuals likely to develop complications would be of benefit in clinical practice as elective cholecystectomy could then be performed. Methods: Seven hundred and thirty-nine subjects aged 35-85 years from the general population were screened for gallbladder problems by ultrasonography and questionnaire assessment of putative risk factors and digestive symptoms. Gallstones, cholesterolosis or sludge in the gallbladder were diagnosed in 123 (16·3 per cent) of 739 subjects, 120 of whom were followed for a median of 87 (range 3-146) months to May 2003 or until treatment was required. Results: Fourteen patients were admitted to hospital and treated for gallstone-related complications or symptoms. The cumulative risk of being treated during the first 5 years after detection of asymptomatic gallstones was 7·6 per cent and there was no indication of this risk levelling off. There were no significant differences between treated and untreated subjects with regard to digestive symptoms or any of the risk factors monitored at the initial screening, although treated subjects were significantly younger than those who were not treated. Conclusion: Nearly one in ten individuals with asymptomatic gallbladder stones in the general population may be expected to develop symptoms or complications that require treatment within 5 years. Age may be inversely related to the incidence of complications.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Jern, Sverker, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Isradipine Study in Hypertension: evaluation of quality of life, safety, and efficacy. SWISH Group.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology. - 0160-2446. ; 18 Suppl 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This was a double-blind multicenter study to compare the efficacy, tolerability and effects on the quality of life with isradipine and atenolol in the treatment of essential hypertension. Of 588 patients entering the 6-week placebo run-in period, 549 were eligible for randomization to receive either isradipine or atenolol for 8 weeks. If, at the end of this period, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) remained greater than 90 mm Hg, then both agents were given in combination for a further 10 weeks. Tolerability and quality of life were assessed repeatedly during the placebo and active-treatment phases. A subgroup of 30 patients were followed by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and their results are now being analyzed. In another subgroup of 26 patients, maximum exercise capacity, as determined by ergometer bicycle-testing, was measured once during placebo and twice during active treatment. At the end of the 24-week study period, both isradipine and atenolol as monotherapy had produced significant decreases in blood pressure. There were no significant differences overall between the compounds in quality-of-life and side-effect profiles, although there was a relative absence of ankle edema and headache with isradipine. Furthermore, patients receiving isradipine had no change in performance on exercise testing whereas patients on atenolol had a significant decrease (p less than 0.01).
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Kharrazi, M, et al.
(författare)
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High-rate dual-target DC magnetron sputter deposition of "blue" electrochromic Mo oxide films
- 1998
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Ingår i: SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0927-0248. ; 53:3-4, s. 349-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mo oxide films were prepared by dual-target reactive DC magnetron sputtering under conditions leading to films that were blue in as-deposited state. The deposition rate for this "blue" Mo oxide was as high as 1.5 nm/s, to be compared to similar to 0.8
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| 22. |
- Kharrazi, M, et al.
(författare)
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High-rate dual-target dc magnetron sputter deposition of electrochromic MoO3 films
- 1997
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Ingår i: THIN SOLID FILMS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE. - 0040-6090. ; 295:1-2, s. 117-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mo oxide films with good electrochromic properties were produced by single-target and dual-target reactive d.c. magnetron sputtering. Dual-target deposition was shown capable of yielding optically functional films at a rate similar to 20 times higher
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| 23. |
- Kirwan, J.P., et al.
(författare)
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A Whole-Grain Diet Reduces Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1541-6100 .- 0022-3166. ; 146:11, s. 2244-2251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Increased dietary whole-grain intake may protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD).OBJECTIVE:The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of whole grains compared with refined grains on body composition, hypertension, and related mediators of CVD in overweight and obese adults.METHODS:We conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover trial in 40 overweight or obese men and women aged 3-fold greater in overweight and obese adults when they consumed a whole-grain compared with a refined-grain diet. Because diastolic blood pressure predicts mortality in adults aged
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Kullman, L, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased electrochromism in Li-intercalated Ti oxide films containing La, Ce, and Pr
- 1997
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0021-8979. ; 81:12, s. 8002-8010
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Films of Ti-La oxide, Ti-Ce oxide, and Ti-Pr oxide were produced by reactive de magnetron sputtering. Their composition was determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. X-ray diffractometry and infrared absorption spectroscopy indicated that
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Kullman, L., et al.
(författare)
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Elastic Light Scattering and Electrochemical Durability of Electrochromic Tungsten-oxide-based Films
- 1996
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 288:1-2, s. 330-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochromic W-oxide-based films were produced by reactive d.c. magnetron sputtering. Fluorination and substrate bias were used to modify the film properties. Spectral measurements of the total and diffuse light scattering showed that the diffuse component remained at much less than 1% in the visible, irrespective of electrochemical degradation, which is low enough for smart windows applications.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Kullman, L, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochromic devices incorporating Cr oxide and Ni oxide films: A comparison
- 2000
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Ingår i: SOLAR ENERGY. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0038-092X. ; 68:6, s. 517-522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transparent films of Cr oxide and Ni oxide were made by reactive DC magnetron sputtering in Ar + O-2 + H-2. They displayed anodic electrochromism with charge capacities similar to that of W oxide. Cr oxide was stable in acidic environments, while Ni oxide
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Kullman, L, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochromism and photochromism of reactively DC magnetron sputtered Mo-Ti oxide films
- 2000
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Ingår i: SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0927-0248. ; 61:2, s. 189-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mo-Ti oxide films with compositions ranging from Mo oxide to Ti oxide were prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering. Electrochromic properties were studied in situ during Li ion intercalation. Colored films have a neutral gray appearance. Their stabil
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Kullman, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Shrinking glaciers and ice patches disclose megafossil trees and provide a vision of the Late-glacial and Early post-glacial subalpine/alpine landscape in the Swedish Scandes : review and perspective
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Natural Sciences. - Madison : American Research Institute for Policy Development. - 2334-2943 .- 2334-2951. ; 8:2, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extensive glacier recession has prevailed for almost 100 years in the Scandes and other parts of the world. At the lower fringe and forefields of shrinking alpine glaciers and ice patches, a plethora of ancient tree remnants is recovered. This is presumably the first time of exposure since burialby ice thousands of years ago. These remains represent prior stands of virtually all boreal tree species, currently growing in northern Scandinavia. As a consequence, a previously unexpected and patchily treed high-mountain landscape emerges, in some cases 600-700 m higher than present-day treelines. This difference in treeline positions between then and now (corrected for land uplift) indicates that summer temperatures have declined by about 3 °C since the early Holocenetreeline maximum. Radiocarbon-dating reveals that the age of the tree remnants ranges between c. 16 800 and 2000 cal. yr BP. Initially,the high-mountainpeaks stood out asnunataks in a surrounding for long glaciated landscape at lower elevations. As the ice sheet gradually shrinked, glacier cirques and hollows became filled with tree groves, in a matrix of alpine tundra. In addition to Betulapubescens ssp. czerepanovii, Piceaabies and Pinussylvestris, these high-elevation enclaves contained tree species, previously unknown to such high positions and so early. These are Piceaabies and a species currently considered as exotic to Scandinavia, namely Larixsibirica. In response to gradual climate cooling since the middle Holocene, the tree stands declined and dead trees were eventually entombed by glacier ice, which is currently disintegrating.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Lindström, T., et al.
(författare)
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Electrochromic control of thin film light scattering
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 81:3, s. 1464-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Total and diffuse reflectance spectra were measured on Al surfaces covered with electrochromic W oxide films in colored and bleached states. Vector perturbation theory was used for analyzing the spectra. The diffuse reflectance appeared to originate from correlated (uncorrelated) interface roughness when the W oxide film was fully colored (bleached). Assuming partially correlated interfaces led to agreement between experimental and calculated spectra. The use of an electrochromic film appears a promising method to control the relative contributions of the interfaces to the resulting scattering.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Malin, Steven K, et al.
(författare)
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A Whole-Grain Diet Increases Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion Independent of Gut Hormones in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 63:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The effect of whole-grain (WG) versus refined-grain (RG) diets on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and β-cell function is unclear. Methods: In a double-blind crossover randomized controlled trial, 13 prediabetic adults (37.2 ± 1.8 y, BMI: 33.6 ± 1.4 kg m −2 , 2 h glucose: 146.9 ± 11.6 mg dL −1 ) are provided isocaloric-matched WG and RG diets for 8-weeks each, with an 8–10 week washout between diets. Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide are studied over 240 min following a 75 g OGTT. Incretins (GLP-1 and GIP), PYY, and total ghrelin are assessed at 0, 30, and 60 min. Mixed-meal diets for carbohydrate (54%), fat (28%), and protein (18%) contain either WG (50 g/1000 kcal) or equivalent RG. Results: Both diets induce fat loss (≈2 kg). While neither diet impacts early phase GSIS, the WG diet increases total GSIS (iAUC of C-peptide 0-240 /Glc 0-240 , p = 0.02) and β-cell function (disposition index; GSIS × insulin sensitivity, p = 0.02). GIP and PYY are unaltered by either diet, but GLP-1 is higher at 30 min following RG versus WG (p = 0.04). Ghrelin levels are higher at 60 min of the OGTT following both interventions (p = 0.01). Conclusion: A WG-rich diet increases β-cell function independent of gut hormones in adults with prediabetes.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Niklasson, GA, et al.
(författare)
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Surface roughness of pyrolytic tin dioxide films evaluated by different methods
- 2000
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Ingår i: THIN SOLID FILMS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0040-6090. ; 359:2, s. 203-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scaling of surface roughness in thin spray pyrolyzed fluorinated tin dioxide films of different thicknesses was obtained from atomic force microscopy. The data show that, within experimental uncertainties, the effective dimensionality of the surface i
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| 50. |
- Rönnow, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Spectroscopic Light Scattering from Electrochromic Tungsten-oxide-based Films
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 80:1, s. 423-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Films of W oxide and oxyfluoride were made by reactive sputtering, and electrochromic absorption modulation was obtained by subsequent electrochemical Li intercalation. Total and diffuse transmittance and reflectance were measured in the 0.4-1 μm wavelength range using a newly developed instrument. The ratio between diffuse and total optical response was <0.2% for the transmittance and <1% for the reflectance irrespective of the electrochromic absorption level. These magnitudes of the scattering are acceptable for practical smart windows applications and lend credence to a description of electrochromism in terms of localized absorption centers. Vector perturbation theory for light scattering by a film with rough interfaces could be reconciled with the data, assuming uncorrelated roughness.
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