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1.	Lozano, Rafael, et al. (author) Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 2018 In: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
2.	Klionsky, Daniel J, et al. (author) Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition). 2016 In: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 12:1, s. 1-222 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
3.	Fullman, Nancy, et al. (author) Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 2018 In: The Lancet. - : Lancet Publishing Group. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 391:10136, s. 2236-2271 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
4.	Jena, Manoj Kumar, et al. (author) Molecular complexity of mammary glands development : a review of lactogenic differentiation in epithelial cells 2023 In: Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine and Biotechnology. - 2169-1401. ; 51:1, s. 491-508 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The mammary gland is a dynamic organ with various physiological processes like cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis during the pregnancy-lactation-involution cycle. It is essential to understand the molecular changes during the lactogenic differentiation of mammary epithelial cells (MECs, the milk-synthesizing cells). The MECs are organized as luminal milk-secreting cells and basal myoepithelial cells (responsible for milk ejection by contraction) that form the alveoli. The branching morphogenesis and lactogenic differentiation of the MECs prepare the gland for lactation. This process is governed by many molecular mediators including hormones, growth factors, cytokines, miRNAs, regulatory proteins, etc. Interestingly, various signalling pathways guide lactation and understanding these molecular transitions from pregnancy to lactation will help researchers design further research. Manipulation of genes responsible for milk synthesis and secretion will promote augmentation of milk yield in dairy animals. Identifying protein signatures of lactation will help develop strategies for persistent lactation and shortening the dry period in farm animals. The present review article discusses in details the physiological and molecular changes occurring during lactogenic differentiation of MECs and the associated hormones, regulatory proteins, miRNAs, and signalling pathways. An in-depth knowledge of the molecular events will aid in developing engineered cellular models for studies related to mammary gland diseases of humans and animals.
5.	Kim, Min Seo, et al. (author) Global burden of peripheral artery disease and its risk factors, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 2023 In: The Lancet Global Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-109X. ; 11:10, s. E1553-E1565 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Peripheral artery disease is a growing public health problem. We aimed to estimate the global disease burden of peripheral artery disease, its risk factors, and temporospatial trends to inform policy and public measures.Methods: Data on peripheral artery disease were modelled using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 database. Prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality estimates of peripheral artery disease were extracted from GBD 2019. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rate of peripheral artery disease attributed to modifiable risk factors were also assessed.Findings: In 2019, the number of people aged 40 years and older with peripheral artery disease was 113 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 99 center dot 2-128 center dot 4), with a global prevalence of 1 center dot 52% (95% UI 1 center dot 33-1 center dot 72), of which 42 center dot 6% was in countries with low to middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI). The global prevalence of peripheral artery disease was higher in older people, (14 center dot 91% [12 center dot 41-17 center dot 87] in those aged 80-84 years), and was generally higher in females than in males. Globally, the total number of DALYs attributable to modifiable risk factors in 2019 accounted for 69 center dot 4% (64 center dot 2-74 center dot 3) of total peripheral artery disease DALYs. The prevalence of peripheral artery disease was highest in countries with high SDI and lowest in countries with low SDI, whereas DALY and mortality rates showed U-shaped curves, with the highest burden in the high and low SDI quintiles.Interpretation: The total number of people with peripheral artery disease has increased globally from 1990 to 2019. Despite the lower prevalence of peripheral artery disease in males and low-income countries, these groups showed similar DALY rates to females and higher-income countries, highlighting disproportionate burden in these groups. Modifiable risk factors were responsible for around 70% of the global peripheral artery disease burden. Public measures could mitigate the burden of peripheral artery disease by modifying risk factors.
6.	Klionsky, Daniel J., et al. (author) Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy 2012 In: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
7.	Kumar, Manoj, et al. (author) Arsenic distribution and mobilization : A case study of three districts of uttar pradesh and bihar (india) 2015 In: Safe and Sustainable Use of Arsenic-Contaminated Aquifers in the Gangetic Plain. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783319161242 - 9783319161235 ; , s. 111-123 Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract Tectonic evolution of Himalayas is related to high erosional potential and substantial sediment transport. Fluvial deposition of clastic material in the Middle Gangetic plain (MGP) is mainly governed by crustal deformation and climatic condition of Himalayas (Singh M, Singh IB, Müller G, Geomorphology 86:144-175, 2007). Seven large Asian rivers-Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra, Yangtze, Huang He or Yellow River, Salween and Mekong-are fed by Himalayan glaciers which are supplying ~30 % of the global sediments to the ocean (Milliman JD, Meade RH, J Geol 9:1-19, 1983; Singh VB, Ramanathan AL, Pottakkal JG, Kumar M, J Asian Earth Sci 79:224-234, 2014, 2005). High flux of sediment transported from different terrain of Himalayas is product of geologically young rock formation (Singh VB, Ramanathan AL, Pottakkal JG, Kumar M, J Asian Earth Sci 79:224-234, 2014). It provides an opportunity to study the fluvial system and post-depositional changes in sediment water interaction depending on the degree of mobility of element under the altered environmental conditions. Arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater is a global problem. Understanding of As mobilization from sediments to As-contaminated aquifers is important for water quality management in areas of MGP of India.
8.	Awasthi, Mukesh Kumar, et al. (author) Advanced approaches for resource recovery from wastewater and activated sludge: A review 2023 In: Bioresource Technology. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 384 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract Due to resource scarcity, current industrial systems are switching from waste treatment, such as wastewater treatment and biomass, to resource recovery (RR). Biofuels, manure, pesticides, organic acids, and other bioproducts with a great market value can be produced from wastewater and activated sludge (AS). This will not only help in the transition from a linear economy to a circular economy, but also contribute to sustainable development. However, the cost of recovering resources from wastewater and AS to produce value-added products is quite high as compared to conventional treatment methods. In addition, most antioxidant technologies remain at the laboratory scale that have not yet reached the level at industrial scale. In order to promote the innovation of resource recovery technology, the various methods of treating wastewater and AS to produce biofuels, nutrients and energy are reviewed, including biochemistry, thermochemistry and chemical stabilization. The limitations of wastewater and AS treatment methods are prospected from biochemical characteristics, economic and environmental factors. The biofuels derived from third generation feedstocks, such as wastewater are more sustainable. Microalgal biomass are being used to produce biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen, biogas, biooils, bioplastics, biofertilizers, biochar and biopesticides. New technologies and policies can promote a circular economy based on biological materials.
9.	Li, Yue, et al. (author) Sustainable Conversion of Biowaste to Energy to Tackle the Emerging Pollutants: A Review 2023 In: Current Pollution Reports. - : Springer. - 2198-6592. Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract Biowaste is a major source of organic material that can be converted into energy through various processes such as anaerobic digestion, composting, and pyrolysis. However, emerging pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, herbicides, and personal and household products, are a growing concern in wastewater treatment that can be effectively removed by biowaste-to-energy processes. While these contaminants pose significant challenges, the development and implementation of effective monitoring programs and risk assessment tools help to mitigate their impact on human health and the environment. Likewise, monitoring programs, challenges, legislations, and risk assessment tools are essential for understanding and managing the risks associated with emerging pollutants. Biowaste recycling is an important aspect of a biocircular economy perspective as it involves the conversion of organic waste into valuable resources that can be reused sustainably. The review discusses the modern approaches that offer several advantages, including reducing the waste disposal and generating renewable energy while addressing emerging wastewater treatment pollutants. To achieve the goal of a circular economy, modern biotechnological approaches including anaerobic digestion, composting, bioleaching, bioremediation, and microbial fuel cells offer a sustainable and effective way to convert waste into valuable products. These bioproducts alongside energy generation using waste-to-energy technologies can provide economic benefits through revenue generation, reduced waste disposal costs, and improved resource efficiency. To achieve a biocircular economy for biowaste valorization, several stakeholders, including waste collectors, waste management companies, policymakers, and consumers need to be involved. The sustainable conversion of biowaste to energy is an essential and instrumental technology in environmental sustainability.
10.	Kumar R, Avinash, et al. (author) The hydraulic and thermal performances of rectangular and square microchannel with different hydraulic diameters cooled by graphene–platinum hybrid nanofluid 2022 In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 2041-2983 .- 0954-4062. ; 236:13, s. 7473-7483 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of hydraulic diameter and channel shape on the thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of a microchannel cooled by Graphene–Platinum/water hybrid nanofluid for electronic cooling applications. The study was performed numerically using mathematical software called Maple 19.0. Microchannels having square and rectangular cross-sections, and hydraulic diameters ranging from 200 µm to 1,000 µm were taken into consideration. Thermal resistance, heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, and friction factor were evaluated for different conditions and their corresponding graphs are presented and discussed. It was evident from the results that low thermal resistance and high heat transfer coefficient was achieved upon decreasing the hydraulic diameter, which is favorable for the cooling of electronic chips and devices. Based on the Reynolds number, the heat transfer coefficient increased by 2–4 times for both rectangular and square microchannels, on decreasing the hydraulic diameter from highest value (1,000 µm) to lowest value (200 µm). However, friction factor and pressure drop increased for channels with lower hydraulic diameters. In addition, rectangular microchannels exhibited better heat transfer performance, while square microchannels had lower friction factor and pressure drop. Rectangular microchannels presented a maximum enhancement of 30% in heat transfer coefficient and a reduction of 18% in thermal resistance, when compared to square microchannels. The results also suggested that the performance of microchannels with 500 µm hydraulic diameter is balanced, considering both heat transfer performance and pressure drop constraints.
11.	Mohan, Gowtham, et al. (author) Experimental investigation of a novel solar thermal polygeneration plant in United Arab Emirates 2016 In: Renewable energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 91, s. 361-373 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The demands for space air conditioning and clean drinking water are relatively high in Middle East North African (MENA) countries. A sustainable and innovative approach to meet these demands along with the production of domestic hot water is experimentally investigated in this paper. A novel solar thermal poly-generation (STP) pilot plant is designed and developed for production of chilled water for air conditioning using absorption chiller, clean drinking water with membrane distillation units and domestic hot water by heat recovery. The STP system is developed with a flexibility to operate in four different modes: (i) solar cooling mode (ii) cogeneration of drinking water and domestic hot water (iii) cogeneration of cooling and desalination (iv) trigeneration. Operational flexibility allows consumers to utilize the available energy based on seasonal requirements. Performance of STP system is analyzed during summer months in RAKRIC research facility. Energy flows in STP pilot plant during peak load operations are analyzed for all four modes. STP system with trigeneration mode utilizes 23% more useful energy compared to solar cooling mode, which improves overall efficiency of the plant. Economic benefits of STP with trigeneration mode are evaluated with fuel cost inflation rate of 10%. STP plant has potential payback period of 9.08 years and net cumulative savings of $454,000 based on economic evaluation.
12.	Pandey, Kavita, et al. (author) Improving electron transport in the hybrid perovskite solar cells using CaMnO3-based buffer layer 2018 In: Nano Energy. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 45, s. 287-297 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In the present article, the detailed analyses of interface properties and device performance of inorganic perovskite CaMnO3-based buffer layer hybrid perovskite solar cell have been undertaken. Analyses are based on ab initio simulations and macroscopic modelling. A thorough study of electronic and optical properties and interface charge dynamics revealed that CaMnO3 presents a better candidate for the electron transport material in thin film hole transporting material free hybrid perovskite solar cells with the planar architecture than the most common anatase TiO2. This result is founded on the more appropriate band gap and better band alignment with the hybrid perovskite, leading to the faster charge carrier mobility, improved charge transfer and reduced exciton recombination. The results from theoretical simulations are justified by the solar cell model, which explored the basic cell characteristics and parameters: open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor and efficiency, as the functions of cell performance factors, like defect density, diffusion length, absorber layer thickness and band offset. Our model suggests an unoptimized device with a photo-conversion efficiency of almost 10% for the low defect concentrations under 10(15). With efficiency in the upper range for HTM free perovskite solar cells, we propose that the CaMnO3-based solar cell poses as an improvement upon the up to now most frequently used ones and provides important step toward their commercialisation.
13.	Sundell, David, et al. (author) AspWood : High-Spatial-Resolution Transcriptome Profiles Reveal Uncharacterized Modularity of Wood Formation in Populus tremula 2017 In: The Plant Cell. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1040-4651 .- 1532-298X. ; 29:7, s. 1585-1604 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Trees represent the largest terrestrial carbon sink and a renewable source of ligno-cellulose. There is significant scope for yield and quality improvement in these largely undomesticated species, and efforts to engineer elite varieties will benefit from improved understanding of the transcriptional network underlying cambial growth and wood formation. We generated high-spatial-resolution RNA sequencing data spanning the secondary phloem, vascular cambium, and wood-forming tissues of Populus tremula. The transcriptome comprised 28,294 expressed, annotated genes, 78 novel protein-coding genes, and 567 putative long intergenic noncoding RNAs. Most paralogs originating from the Salicaceae whole-genome duplication had diverged expression, with the exception of those highly expressed during secondary cell wall deposition. Coexpression network analyses revealed that regulation of the transcriptome underlying cambial growth and wood formation comprises numerous modules forming a continuum of active processes across the tissues. A comparative analysis revealed that a majority of these modules are conserved in Picea abies. The high spatial resolution of our data enabled identification of novel roles for characterized genes involved in xylan and cellulose biosynthesis, regulators of xylem vessel and fiber differentiation and lignification. An associated web resource (AspWood, http://aspwood.popgenie.org) provides interactive tools for exploring the expression profiles and coexpression network.
14.	Sundell, David, et al. (author) High-spatial-resolution transcriptome profiling reveals uncharacterized regulatory complexity underlying cambial growth and wood formation in Populus tremula 2016 Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract Trees represent the largest terrestrial carbon sink and a renewable source of ligno-cellulose. There is significant scope for yield and quality improvement in these largely undomesticated species, however, efforts to engineer new, elite varieties are constrained by the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the transcriptional network underlying cambial growth and wood formation. We generated RNA Sequencing transcriptome data for four mature, wild-growing aspens (Populus tremula) from high-spatial-resolution tangential cryosection series spanning the secondary phloem, vascular cambium, expanding and secondary cell wall forming xylem cells, cell death zone and the previous years annual ring. The transcriptome comprised 28,294 expressed, previously annotated protein-coding genes, 78 novel protein-coding genes and 567 long intergenic non-coding RNAs. Most paralogs originating from the Salicaceae whole genome duplication had diverged expression, with the notable exception of those with high expression during secondary cell wall deposition. We performed co-expression network analysis to identify central transcriptional modules and associated several of these with known biological processes. This revealed previously uncharacterized complexity underlying the regulation of cambial growth and wood formation, with modules forming a continuum of activated processes across the tissues. The high spatial resolution suggested novel roles for known genes involved in xylan and cellulose biosynthesis, regulators of xylem vessel and fiber differentiation and components of lignification. The associated web resource (AspWood, http://aspwood.popgenie.org) integrates the data within a set of interactive tools for exploring the co-expression network of cambial growth and wood formation.
15.	Bandaru, Manoj Kumar, 1987-, et al. (author) Apoc2 mutant zebrafish: a model for hypertriglyceridemia and early-stage atherosclerosis Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract Zebrafish larvae in a hypertriglyceridemic background can be useful to identify and characterize causal genes for triglyceride metabolism. A previous, small-scale study suggested that apolipoprotein C-II (apoc2)-mutant zebrafish larvae can be used to model hypertriglyceridemia-induced atherosclerosis. We aimed to replicate these findings in a large-scale study and asses if APOC-II may represent a useful therapeutic target. We generated apoc2 mutant zebrafish using CRISPR-Cas9 and examined cardiometabolomic traits in their offspring (F1 generation). Systematic characterization of 384 larvae using our image and assay-based, high-throughput pipeline showed that compound heterozygous larvae for loss of function mutations in apoc2 (n=35) have higher whole-body levels of triglycerides (0.71±0.16 SD), HDL cholesterol (0.32±0.15 SD) and total cholesterol (0.37±0.18 SD), and a trend for lower whole-body glucose levels (0.23±0.14 SD) compared with larvae without mutations in apoc2 (n=174). Such larvae also tended to have more vascular lipid deposition, however this effect did not reach significance (P=0.12). Interestingly, the trends for lower whole-body glucose levels and more vascular lipid deposition in larvae with anticipated loss of functional apoc2 reached significance when larvae (n=3812) from other screens, in which apoc2 was not experimentally perturbed were included as additional wildtype controls. Thus, our large-scale study confirms the role of apoc2 in hypertriglyceridemia and early-stage atherosclerosis. While apoc2 mutant zebrafish model can be used as a genetic background to identify and characterize causal genes for triglyceride metabolism, independent and opposite effects on triglycerides and glucose suggest that APOC-II is likely not a suitable target for prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease.
16.	Bandaru, Manoj Kumar, 1987-, et al. (author) Image-based, in vivo characterization of cardiometabolic consequences of mutations in pcsk9 Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract Based on the association of loss-of-function mutations in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) with low plasma LDL cholesterol levels, inhibition of the PCSK9 protein using monoclonal antibodies have emerged as an effective treatment option to lower LDL cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of coronary artery disease. Despite these beneficial effects, PCSK9 inhibitors may increase the risk of diabetes. In this study, we mimicked the mechanistic action of PCSK9 inhibitors in humans by inducing mutations in pcsk9 in zebrafish and examining their effects on dyslipidemia, early-stage atherosclerosis and diabetes-related traits in data from nearly 5000 zebrafish larvae. At 10 days of age, larvae with mutations in pcsk9 were characterized by lower whole-body LDL cholesterol levels (beta±SE -0.056±0.025 SD units) and protection against early-stage atherosclerosis, with less vascular lipid deposition (-0.133±0.035 SD) and less co-localization of macrophages with lipids (-0.086±0.032 SD). Mutant larvae also had fewer pancreatic β-cells (-0.153±0.055 SD). Thus, our findings in pcsk9 mutant larvae are in line with results from people carrying loss-of-function PCSK9 mutations, and are also in line with the effects of PCSK9 inhibitors in humans. Further, our results suggest that mutations in pcsk9 may increase the risk of diabetes through a direct effect on pancreatic β-cells.
17.	Bandaru, Manoj Kumar, et al. (author) Zebrafish larvae as a model system for systematic characterization of drugs and genes in dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Hundreds of loci have been robustly associated with circulating lipids, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease; but for most loci the causal genes and mechanisms remain uncharacterized.Methods: We developed a semi-automated experimental pipeline for systematic, quantitative, large-scale characterization of mechanisms, drugs and genes associated with dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in a zebrafish model system. We validated our pipeline using a dietary (n>2000), drug treatment (n>1000), and genetic intervention (n=384).Results: Our results show that five days of overfeeding and cholesterol supplementation had independent pro-atherogenic effects, which could be diminished by concomitant treatment with atorvastatin and ezetimibe. CRISPR-Cas9-induced mutations in orthologues of proof-of-concept genes resulted in higher LDL cholesterol levels (apoea), and more early stage atherosclerosis (apobb.1).Conclusions: In summary, our pipeline facilitates systematic, in vivo characterization of drugs and candidate genes to increase our understanding of disease etiology, and can likely help identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
18.	Bandaru, Manoj Kumar, 1987- (author) Zebrafish models for large-scale genetic screens in dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis : Validation and application 2019 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Hundreds of loci have been robustly associated with circulating lipids, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease; but for most loci the causal genes and mechanisms remain uncharacterized. The overall aim of my thesis is to develop and validate novel in vivo model systems that are suitable for high-throughput, image-based genetic screens in coronary artery disease and related traits, and use these model systems to systematically characterize positional candidate genes.In Study I, I developed an experimental pipeline to validate the suitability of zebrafish larvae as a model system for systematic, large-scale characterization of drugs and genes associated with dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Using this pipeline, I showed that five days of overfeeding and cholesterol supplementation have independent pro-atherogenic effects in zebrafish larvae, which could be diminished by concomitant treatment with atorvastatin and ezetimibe. CRISPR-Cas9-induced mutations in orthologues of proof-of-concept genes resulted in higher LDL cholesterol levels (apoea), and more early stage atherosclerosis (apobb.1). Finally, the pipeline helped me to identify putative causal genes for circulating lipids and early-stage atherosclerosis (LPAR2 and GATAD2A).In Study II, I characterized cardiometabolic traits in apoc2 mutant zebrafish larvae and found that, similar to humans, larvae with two non-functional apoc2 alleles have higher whole-body levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol, and more vascular lipid deposition than larvae without mutations in apoc2. Interestingly, apoc2 mutant larvae also had lower glucose levels after adjusting for triglyceride levels, suggesting that therapeutic stimulation of apoc2 to prevent hypertriglyceridemia may result in hyperglycemia. Still, zebrafish larvae with mutations in apoc2 can be a useful model to identify and characterize additional causal genes for triglyceride metabolism.In Study III, I examined the effects of mutations in pcsk9 on atherosclerosis and diabetes-related traits in nearly 5,000 zebrafish larvae. Similar to the loss-of-function mutations in PCSK9 in humans, larvae with mutations in pcsk9 had lower LDLc levels and were protected from early-stage atherosclerosis. Interestingly, mutations in pcsk9 also resulted in fewer pancreatic β-cells in 10 days old larvae, which suggests the higher risk of diabetes in humans with mutations in PCSK9 may result from a direct effect on the beta cell.Based on these large-scale proof-of-concept studies, my thesis confirms that zebrafish larvae can be used for large-scale, systematic genetic screens in dyslipidemia and early-stage atherosclerosis.
19.	Basu, Bikramjit, et al. (author) Friction and Wear of Ceramics : Principles and Case Studies 2020 Book (other academic/artistic)abstract This book covers the area of tribology broadly, providing important introductory chapters to fundamentals, processing, and applications of tribology. The book is designed primarily for easy and cohesive understanding for students and practicing scientists pursuing the area of tribology with focus on materials. This book helps students and practicing scientists alike understand that a comprehensive knowledge about the friction and wear properties of advanced materials is essential to further design and development of new materials.The description of the wear micromechanisms of various materials will provide a strong background to the readers as how to design and develop new tribological materials. This book also places importance on the development of new ceramic composites in the context of tribological applications. The various sections of the book discuss fundamentals of nature and properties of materials, friction and wear of structural ceramics, bioceramics, biocomposites, and nanoceramics, as well as lightweight composites and friction and wear of ceramics in a cryogenic environment.Some of the key features of the book include: Fundamentals section highlights the salient issues of ceramic processing and mechanical properties of important oxide and non-oxide ceramic systems; State of the art research findings on important ceramic composites are included and an understanding on the behavior of silicon carbide (SiC) based ceramic composites in dry sliding wear conditions is presented as a case study; Erosion wear behavior of ceramics, in which case studies on high temperature erosion behavior of SiC based composites and zirconium diboride (ZrB2) based composites is also covered; Wear behavior of ceramic coatings is rarely discussed in any tribology related books therefore a case study explaining the abrasion wear behavior of WC-Co coating is provided. Finally an appendix chapter is included in which a collection of several types of questions including multiple choice, short answer and long answer ae provided.
20.	Bjurhager, Ingela, et al. (author) Ultrastructure and Mechanical Properties of Populus Wood with Reduced Lignin Content Caused by Transgenic Down-Regulation of Cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase 2010 In: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 11:9, s. 2359-2365 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Several key enzymes in lignin biosynthesis of Populus have been down-regulated by transgenie approaches to investigate their role in wood lignification and to explore their potential for lignin modification. Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase is an enzyme in the early phenylpropanoid pathway that has not yet been functionally analyzed in Populus. This study shows that down-regulation of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase reduced Klason lignin content by 30% with no significant change in syringyl to guaiacyl ratio. The lignin reduction resulted in ultrastructural differences of the wood and a 10% decrease in wood density. Mechanical properties investigated by tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis showed a decrease in stiffness, which could be explained by the lower density. The study demonstrates that a large modification in lignin content only has minor influences on tensile properties of wood in its axial direction and highlights the usefulness of wood modified beyond its natural variation by transgene technology in exploring the impact of wood biopolymer composition and ultrastructure on its material properties.
21.	Clark, David, et al. (author) Management and outcomes following emergency surgery for traumatic brain injury – A multi-centre, international, prospective cohort study (the Global Neurotrauma Outcomes Study) 2020 In: International Journal of Surgery Protocols. - : IJS Press. - 2468-3574. ; 20, s. 1-7 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for a significant amount of death and disability worldwide and the majority of this burden affects individuals in low-and-middle income countries. Despite this, considerable geographical differences have been reported in the care of TBI patients. On this background, we aim to provide a comprehensive international picture of the epidemiological characteristics, management and outcomes of patients undergoing emergency surgery for traumatic brain injury (TBI) worldwide. Methods and analysis: The Global Neurotrauma Outcomes Study (GNOS) is a multi-centre, international, prospective observational cohort study. Any unit performing emergency surgery for TBI worldwide will be eligible to participate. All TBI patients who receive emergency surgery in any given consecutive 30-day period beginning between 1st of November 2018 and 31st of December 2019 in a given participating unit will be included. Data will be collected via a secure online platform in anonymised form. The primary outcome measures for the study will be 14-day mortality (or survival to hospital discharge, whichever comes first). Final day of data collection for the primary outcome measure is February 13th. Secondary outcome measures include return to theatre and surgical site infection. Ethics and dissemination: This project will not affect clinical practice and has been classified as clinical audit following research ethics review. Access to source data will be made available to collaborators through national or international anonymised datasets on request and after review of the scientific validity of the proposed analysis by the central study team.
22.	Dixit, Rishibha, et al. (author) Effect of Various Growth Medium on the Physiology and De Novo Lipogenesis of a Freshwater Microalga Scenedesmus rotundus-MG910488 under Autotrophic Condition 2022 In: Clean Technologies. - : MDPI. - 2571-8797. ; 4:3, s. 733-751 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The microalga Scenedesmus rotundus, isolated from Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India was designated as Scenedesmus rotundus-MG910488 after morphological and molecular identification. In this study, the effects of various autotrophic growth media on the physiology and lipid accumulation of this microalga were investigated. The cell density, amount of photosynthetic pigments, the productivity of biomass and lipid content and the cell morphology of the microalga were shown to be significantly affected by the variation in growth media. The highest biomass of 754.56 +/- 14.80 mg L-1 with biomass productivity of 37.73 +/- 0.74 mg L(-1)day(-1) was achieved when this microalgae was cultivated in the Zarrouk's medium, whereas the highest lipid content of 33.30 +/- 1.21% was observed in the BG-11 medium. The results confirm that the BG-11 is a cost-effective and efficient growth medium for this microalga. It also shows that the ingredients of the growth medium and its concentration influence the growth and synthesis of biomolecules produced by microalga. The biodiesel produced from obtained lipids was qualitatively estimated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H-1, C-13 NMR) and Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), which indicate the presence of oleic acid methyl ester, linoleic acid methyl ester and palmitic acid methyl ester as the leading fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in the samples, which make this strain an ideal feedstock for biodiesel production.
23.	Gallardo, Rodrigo, et al. (author) De novo design of a biologically active amyloid 2016 In: Science. - : AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 354:6313, s. 720- Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Most human proteins possess amyloidogenic segments, but only about 30 are associated with amyloid-associated pathologies, and it remains unclear what determines amyloid toxicity. We designed vascin, a synthetic amyloid peptide, based on an amyloidogenic fragment of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), a protein that is not associated to amyloidosis. Vascin recapitulates key biophysical and biochemical characteristics of natural amyloids, penetrates cells, and seeds the aggregation of VEGFR2 through direct interaction. We found that amyloid toxicity is observed only in cells that both express VEGFR2 and are dependent on VEGFR2 activity for survival. Thus, amyloid toxicity here appears to be both protein-specific and conditional-determined by VEGFR2 loss of function in a biological context in which target protein function is essential.
24.	Garbom, Sara, et al. (author) Phenotypic characterization of a virulence associated protein, VagH, of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis reveals a tight link between VagH and the T3SS Other publication (other academic/artistic)
25.	Garbom, Sara, et al. (author) Phenotypic characterization of a virulence-associated protein, VagH, of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis reveals a tight link between VagH and the type III secretion system. 2007 In: Microbiology. - : Society for General Microbiology. - 1350-0872 .- 1465-2080. ; 153:Pt 5, s. 1464-73 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Recently, a number of attenuated mutants of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis have been identified using a bioinformatics approach. One of the target genes identified in that study was vagH, which the authors now characterized further. VagH shows homology to HemK of Escherichia coli, possessing methyltransferase activity similar to that of HemK, and targeting release factors 1 and 2. Microarray studies comparing the wild-type and the vagH mutant revealed that the mRNA levels of only a few genes were altered in the mutant. By proteome analysis, expression of the virulence determinant YopD was found to be increased, indicating a possible connection between VagH and the virulence plasmid-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS). Further analysis showed that Yop expression and secretion were repressed in a vagH mutant. This phenotype could be suppressed by trans-complementation with the wild-type vagH gene or by deletion of the negative regulator yopD. Also, in a similar manner to a T3SS-negative mutant, the avirulent vagH mutant was rapidly cleared from Peyer's patches and could not reach the spleen after oral infection of mice. In a manner analogous to that of T3SS mutants, the vagH mutant could not block phagocytosis by macrophages. However, a vagH mutant showed no defects in the T3SS-independent ability to proliferate intracellularly and replicated to levels similar to those of the wild-type in macrophages. In conclusion, the vagH mutant exhibits a virulence phenotype similar to that of a T3SS-negative mutant, indicating a tight link between VagH and type III secretion in Y. pseudotuberculosis.
26.	Gerber, Lorenz, et al. (author) Deficient sucrose synthase activity in developing wood does not specifically affect cellulose biosynthesis, but causes an overall decrease in cell wall polymers 2014 In: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 203, s. 1220-1230 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The biosynthesis of wood in aspen (Populus) depends on the metabolism of sucrose, which is the main transported form of carbon from source tissues. The largest fraction of the wood biomass is cellulose, which is synthesized from UDP-glucose. Sucrose synthase (SUS) has been proposed previously to interact directly with cellulose synthase complexes and specifically supply UDP-glucose for cellulose biosynthesis.To investigate the role of SUS in wood biosynthesis, we characterized transgenic lines of hybrid aspen with strongly reduced SUS activity in developing wood.No dramatic growth phenotypes in glasshouse-grown trees were observed, but chemical fingerprinting with pyrolysis-GC/MS, together with micromechanical analysis, showed notable changes in chemistry and ultrastructure of the wood in the transgenic lines. Wet chemical analysis showed that the dry weight percentage composition of wood polymers was not changed significantly. However, a decrease in wood density was observed and, consequently, the content of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose was decreased per wood volume. The decrease in density was explained by a looser structure of fibre cell walls as shown by increased wall shrinkage on drying.The results show that SUS is not essential for cellulose biosynthesis, but plays a role in defining the total carbon incorporation to wood cell walls.
27.	Gerber, Lorenz, et al. (author) High-throughput microanalysis of large lignocellulosic sample sets by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry 2016 In: Physiologia Plantarum. - : Wiley. - 0031-9317 .- 1399-3054. ; 156, s. 127-138 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract High-throughput analytical techniques to assess the chemistry of lignocellulosic plant material are crucial to plant cell-wall research. We have established an analytical platform for this purpose and demonstrated its usefulness with two applications. The system is based on analytical pyrolysis, coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry - a technique particularly suited for analysis of lignocellulose. Automated multivariate-based data-processing methods are used to obtain results within a few hours after analysis, with an experimental batch of 500 analyzed samples. The usefulness of multivariate sample discrimination methods and hierarchical clustering of samples is demonstrated. We have analyzed an Arabidopsis mutant collection consisting of 300 samples representing 31 genotypes. The mutant collection is presented through cluster analysis, based on chemotypic difference, with respect to wild type. Further, we have analyzed 500 thin sections from five biological replicate trees to create a spatial highly resolved profile of the proportions of syringyl-, guaiacyl- and p-hydroxyphenyl lignin across phloem, developing and mature wood in aspen. The combination of biologically easy to interpret information, the low demand of sample amount and the flexibility in sample types amenable to analysis makes this technique a valuable extension to the range of established high-throughput biomaterial analytical platforms.
28.	Ghosalya, Manoj Kumar, et al. (author) Solar light driven atomic and electronic transformations in a plasmonic Ni@NiO/NiCO3 photocatalyst revealed by ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 2024 In: Catalysis Science and Technology. - 2044-4753. ; 14:11, s. 3029-3040 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This work employs ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) to delve into the atomic and electronic transformations of a core-shell Ni@NiO/NiCO3 photocatalyst - a model system for visible light active plasmonic photocatalysts used in water splitting for hydrogen production. This catalyst exhibits reversible structural and electronic changes in response to water vapor and solar simulator light. In this study, APXPS spectra were obtained under a 1 millibar water vapor pressure, employing a solar simulator with an AM 1.5 filter to measure spectral data under visible light illumination. The in situ APXPS spectra indicate that the metallic Ni core absorbs the light, exciting plasmons, and creates hot electrons that are subsequently utilized through hot electron injection in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by NiCO3. Additionally, the data show that NiO undergoes reversible oxidation to NiOOH in the presence of water vapor and light. The present work also investigates the contribution of carbonate and its involvement in the photocatalytic reaction mechanism, shedding light on this seldom-explored aspect of photocatalysis. The APXPS results highlight the photochemical reduction of carbonates into -COOH, contributing to the deactivation of the photocatalyst. This work demonstrates the APXPS efficacy in examining photochemical reactions, charge transfer dynamics and intermediates in potential photocatalysts under near realistic conditions.
29.	Haldar, Soumyajyoti, et al. (author) Systematic study of structural, electronic, and optical properties of atomic-scale defects in the two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M=Mo, W; X=S, Se, Te) 2015 In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 92:23 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
30.	Hedegård, Lars, 1979-, et al. (author) Contradictions In Reuse-based Fashion Retail - the ReTuna Mall Case 2016 In: GLOBAL FASHION CONFERENCE 2016 STOCKHOLM – SWEDEN. - 9789892070537 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse the management of a novel commercial fashion retail concept – a shopping mall based on reuse and a local circular fashion supply chain – with the aim of identifying potential strategic issues with the concept.Design/methodology/approachThis is an explorative case study, based on observations and interviews with shop managers, employees and the mall management.FindingsThe reuse concept strongly influences the mall's strategy, and the sourcing process is a key factor. The local reuse-based fashion supply chain follows the typical reuse process, but this study shows that the business logic that underpins the commercial strategy is not in line with the reuse and social enterprise ethoses that the mall ostensibly follows.Research limitations/implicationsThis study illustrates the difficulties inherent in organising a reuse-based mall due to the need to combine a commercial strategy, a local and circular fashion supply chain, and a social enterprise ethic.Practical implicationsThe findings highlight the mall management's responsibility for the sourcing of goods, the need for a closer cooperation between mall management and tenants in a reuse-based mall, and the need for competence in terms of reuse, fashion, and retail in order for the concept to be developed further.Originality/valueReTuna represents a new fashion retail phenomenon – the reuse-based shopping mall – that has not been studied yet.KeywordsFashion retail, textile reuse, clothing reuse, mall management, fashion supply chain, recycling, sustainability, circular supply chain.Article classificationResearch paper
31.	Hedegård, Lars, 1979-, et al. (author) Eu regulations and their impact on the Indian textile & apparel industry 2023 In: Textile Times. - New Delhi : Confederation of Indian Textile Industry (CITI). ; XVIII:09, s. 26-31 Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract The article describes how the European Union is committed to transforming European production and consumption and achieving a circular economy. The transformation is supported by policy work, and especially crucial for the fashion and textile industry are the European green deal, the Circular economy action plan, the EU waste policy, the strategy for sustainable and circular textiles, and the digital product passport project. The article ends with reflections on how the European transformation influences the production of fashion and textiles in India.
32.	Hedegård, Lars, 1979-, et al. (author) Management of sustainable fashion retail based on reuse : A struggle with multiple logics 2019 In: The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3969 .- 1466-4402. Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In scholarly conversations, reuse is one of the common suggested strategies to render fashion retail sustainable. Previous research has stressed the complexity of fashion reuse and the importance of a well-organized system. The complexity stems from processes that involve many actors as well as products hard to evaluate. Consequently, it is challenging to organize reuse-based fashion retail, and studies are needed to further develop knowledge regarding how to manage such systems. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the complexity in the management of such an initiative, by identifying and explaining obstacles as well as implications. With institutional logics as a framework, three local logics (shopping mall, reuse, and work integration) are used to analyze the management of a reuse-based mall. Despite the mall’s success in getting sufficient donations and creating publicity, it has struggled to establish itself as viable reuse-based fashion retail. The findings illustrate the complexity created by the interplay of different logics and how the complexity influences both the daily and strategic management of the mall. Further, the outcome of this interplay depends largely on which rationality is enacted by involved actors. The study also extends literature on institutional logics, showing that differences in individual actors’ attention, knowledge, skills, coordination, and material conditions influence how logics are enacted and managed. We suggest that there are inherent managerial contradictions in the sustainable practices in fashion retail. Thus, in scholarly conversations, it is important to discuss what different divergent sustainability dimensions imply when seeking solutions for sustainable retail. In practice, there is a need to acknowledge and balance the presence of multiple logics, making it crucial to have competence in all logics. Also, managers of reuse-based fashion retail must consciously and continuously scrutinize their own strategies and actions to avoid an imbalance between the logics.
33.	Hedegård, Lars, 1979-, et al. (author) MANAGEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE FASHION RETAIL BASED ON REUSE – A STRUGGLE WITH MULTIPLE LOGICS 2019 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Reuse is a strategy to render fashion retail sustainable and an example is the take-back schemes established by international retailers. Managerial aspects are important in a reuse system, but management issues have seldom been studied. Accordingly, empirical investigations of the management of reuse systems are needed. Hence, the purpose of this study is to show the complexity in the management of fashion-retail based on reuse by identifying and explaining obstacles in the process. This is achieved by an analyze of ReTuna, a shopping mall based on reuse, from the perspective of institutional logics. ReTuna opened in 2015 and consists of approximately fourteen stores. The shops at ReTuna sell reused products, but this unconventional sourcing of goods aside, ReTuna aims to be a traditional mall. Most shops are staffed by the owner(s) and in some cases an employee. Garments and textiles that are sold origins from donations that are collected by the mall. The case illustrates the complexity, as it failed in establishing reuse-based fashion retail, despite its success in achieving enough donations and creating publicity. The analysis shows that the goal of re-circulating fashion is hindered by actors not being able to equally integrate the divergent sustainability dimensions in the mall owner’s goals. The obstacles are a result of the actors prioritizing the logics differently at the same time as not being able to fulfill the demands of the logics due to a lack of knowledge, experience and skills, and coordination.
34.	Islam, Jamil, et al. (author) Graphene as thinnest coating on copper electrodes in microbial methanol fuel cells 2023 In: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:1, s. 137-145 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Dehydrogenation of methanol (CH3OH) into direct current (DC) in fuel cells can be a potential energy conversion technology. However, their development is currently hampered by the high cost of electrocatalysts based on platinum and palladium, slow kinetics, the formation of carbon monoxide intermediates, and the requirement for high temperatures. Here, we report the use of graphene layers (GL) for generating DC electricity from microbially driven methanol dehydrogenation on underlying copper (Cu) surfaces. Genetically tractable Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 (Rsp), a nonarchetypical methylotroph, was used for dehydrogenating methanol at the GL-Cu surfaces. We use electrochemical methods, microscopy, and spectroscopy methods to assess the effects of GL on methanol dehydrogenation by Rsp cells. The GL-Cu offers a 5-fold higher power density and 4-fold higher current density compared to bare Cu. The GL lowers charge transfer resistance to methanol dehydrogenation by 4 orders of magnitude by mitigating issues related to pitting corrosion of underlying Cu surfaces. The presented approach for catalyst-free methanol dehydrogenation on copper electrodes can improve the overall sustainability of fuel cell technologies.
35.	Johri, Atul K., et al. (author) Fungal association and utilization of phosphate by plants : success, limitations, and future prospects 2015 In: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 6 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract Phosphorus (P) is a major macronutrient for plant health and development. The available form of P is generally low in the rhizosphere even in fertile soils. A major proportion of applied phosphate (Pi) fertilizers in the soil become fixed into insoluble, unavailable forms, which restricts crop production throughout the world. Roots possess two distinct modes of P uptake from the soil, direct and indirect uptake. The direct uptake of P is facilitated by the plant's own Pi transporters while indirect uptake occurs via mycorrhizal symbiosis, where the host plant obtains P primarily from the fungal partner, while the fungus benefits from plant-derived reduced carbon. So far, only one Pi transporter has been characterized from the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus versiforme. As arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi cannot be cultured axenically, their Pi transporter network is difficult to exploite for large scale sustainable agriculture. Alternatively, the root-colonizing endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica can grow axenically and provides strong growth-promoting activity during its symbiosis with a broad spectrum of plants. P indica contains a high affinity Pi transporter (PiPT) involved in improving Pi nutrition levels in the host plant under P limiting conditions. As P indica can be manipulated genetically, it opens new vistas to be used in P deficient fields.
36.	Kabir, Zarina Nahar, et al. (author) mHealth based intervention by social care professionals to support family caregivers to persons with dementia living at home in Sweden (Caregiver Connect) : A randomized controlled trial 2024 In: BMC Geriatrics. - 1471-2318. ; 24 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: The majority of persons with dementia in Sweden reside in their own homes with support from family members. Approximately, 12% of persons with dementia have immigrant background. Within the next 20 years, the number of persons with dementia who are non-ethnic Swedes is said to double. Family caregivers with immigrant backgrounds are noted to receive less support in the community than ethnic Swedes and rate their health status lower than ethnic Swedish peers. The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare have highlighted the importance of follow-up support for family caregivers with immigrant backgrounds as there is a recognized gap in research and available information tailored to meet the needs of this group.PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of the study is to test effectiveness of an mHealth based intervention through which community social workers can improve caregiving competence of non-European immigrant family caregivers of people with dementia living at home in Sweden. The overarching aim is to reduce caregiver burden and depressive symptoms, and improve quality of life.METHODS: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) including wait list control group will be performed consisting of an intervention group (A, n = 44) and a wait list control group (B, n = 44), totaling a sample size of 88. On completion of the 10-weeks long intervention in the intervention group, the intervention will be delivered to group B. Effect of the intervention will be analyzed between and within groups over time. The content of the educational component of the intervention is inspired by the iSupport manual developed by the World Health Organization. The contents, in the form of a booklet, aims to equip the family caregivers with structured information on understanding dementia as a condition and its management at home, including self-care guidance designed specifically for family caregivers themselves.DISCUSSION: Similar telephone-delivered intervention studies targeted for family caregivers to persons with dementia are ongoing in Malaysia and will start in India using the same booklet adapted to the local context. These studies will provide evidence on the effectiveness of using digital technologies to deliver support to those who may not be reached or adequately served by the traditional healthcare system.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN registry, Registration number ISRCTN64235563.
37.	Kachirayil, Antony J., et al. (author) Enhancing Compression Set Resistance of Nitrile Rubber Composites Through a Hybrid Mixture of Sustainable Filler Lignin and Carbon Black 2024 In: Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering, Volume 1. - : Springer Nature. ; , s. 545-559 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
38.	Krebs, Alice, et al. (author) The EU-ToxRisk method documentation, data processing and chemical testing pipeline for the regulatory use of new approach methods 2020 In: Archives of Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5761 .- 1432-0738. ; 94:7, s. 2435-2461 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Hazard assessment, based on new approach methods (NAM), requires the use of batteries of assays, where individual tests may be contributed by different laboratories. A unified strategy for such collaborative testing is presented. It details all procedures required to allow test information to be usable for integrated hazard assessment, strategic project decisions and/or for regulatory purposes. The EU-ToxRisk project developed a strategy to provide regulatorily valid data, and exemplified this using a panel of > 20 assays (with > 50 individual endpoints), each exposed to 19 well-known test compounds (e.g. rotenone, colchicine, mercury, paracetamol, rifampicine, paraquat, taxol). Examples of strategy implementation are provided for all aspects required to ensure data validity: (i) documentation of test methods in a publicly accessible database; (ii) deposition of standard operating procedures (SOP) at the European Union DB-ALM repository; (iii) test readiness scoring accoding to defined criteria; (iv) disclosure of the pipeline for data processing; (v) link of uncertainty measures and metadata to the data; (vi) definition of test chemicals, their handling and their behavior in test media; (vii) specification of the test purpose and overall evaluation plans. Moreover, data generation was exemplified by providing results from 25 reporter assays. A complete evaluation of the entire test battery will be described elsewhere. A major learning from the retrospective analysis of this large testing project was the need for thorough definitions of the above strategy aspects, ideally in form of a study pre-registration, to allow adequate interpretation of the data and to ensure overall scientific/toxicological validity.
39.	Kumar, Manoj, et al. (author) An update on the nomenclature for the cellulose synthase genes in Populus 2009 In: Trends in Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1360-1385 .- 1878-4372. ; 14:5, s. 248-254 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract Cellulose synthase (CesA) is a central catalyst in the generation of the plant cell wall biomass and is, therefore, the focus of intense research. Characterization of individual CesA genes from Populus species has led to the publication of several different naming conventions for CesA gene family members in this model tree. To help reduce the resulting confusion, we propose here a new phylogeny-based CesA nomenclature that aligns the Populus CesA gene family with the established Arabidopsis thaliana CesA family structure.
40.	Kumar, Manoj (author) Juvenile-mature wood transition in pine: correlation between wood properties and candidate gene expression profiles 2009 In: Euphytica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0014-2336 .- 1573-5060. ; 166, s. 341-355 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract There is a strong desire to exploit transcriptomics data from model species for the genetic improvement of non-model crops. Here, we use gene expression profiles from the commercial model Pinus taeda to identify candidate genes implicated in juvenile-mature wood transition in the non-model relative, P. sylvestris. Re-analysis of 'public domain' SAGE data from xylem tissues of P. taeda revealed 283 mature-abundant and 396 juvenile-abundant tags (P < 0.01), of which 70 and 137, respectively matched to genes with known function. Based on sequence similarity, we then isolated 16 putative homologues of genes that in P. taeda exhibited widest divergence in expression between juvenile and mature samples. Candidate expression levels in P. sylvestris were almost invariably differential between juvenile and mature woody tissue samples among two cohorts of five trees collected from the same seed source and selected for genetic uniformity by genetic distance analysis. However, the direction of differential expression was not always consistent with that described in the original P. taeda SAGE data. Correlation was observed between gene expression and juvenile-mature wood anatomical characteristics by OPLS analysis. Four candidates (alpha-tubulin, porin MIP1, lipid transfer protein and aquaporin like protein) apparently had greatest influence on the wood traits measured. Speculative function of these genes in relation to juvenile-mature wood transition is briefly explored. Thus, we demonstrate the feasibility of exploiting SAGE data from a model species to identify consistently differentially expressed candidates in a related non-model species.
41.	Kumar Paras, Manoj, et al. (author) ReTuna Recycling Mall : Reuse based Circular Fashion Supply Chain Management 2016 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract The shopping mall concept has emerged to provide unique mall profiles to satisfy consumers who search for the ultimate shopping experience. Under one roof different sellers are assembled together with food outlets and entertainment to full fill the requirements of consumers.Gradually an awareness of over consumption has raised together with calls for reuse activities that reduce the consumption of new products. As an answer to this problem a shopping mall for sustainable practice and reuse: ReTuna, has been developed in Eskilstuna, Sweden.This study has been undertaken to understand the practice of ReTuna and the local based circular fashion supply chain that it incorporates. Still in its beginning ReTuna is indeed a revolutionary concept to enhance the practice of reuse.
42.	Lundberg-Felten, Judith, et al. (author) Ethylene signaling via Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs) modifies wood development in hybrid aspen. 2011 In: BMC Proceedings. - 1753-6561. ; 5 Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
43.	Mahboubi, Miramirhossein, et al. (author) Aspen SUCROSE TRANSPORTER3 Allocates Carbon into Wood Fibers 2013 In: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 163, s. 1729-1740 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Wood formation in trees requires carbon import from the photosynthetic tissues. In several tree species, including Populus species, the majority of this carbon is derived from sucrose (Suc) transported in the phloem. The mechanism of radial Suc transport from phloem to developing wood is not well understood. We investigated the role of active Suc transport during secondary cell wall formation in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides). We show that RNA interference-mediated reduction of PttSUT3 (for Suc/H+ symporter) during secondary cell wall formation in developing wood caused thinner wood fiber walls accompanied by a reduction in cellulose and an increase in lignin. Suc content in the phloem and developing wood was not significantly changed. However, after (CO2)-C-13 assimilation, the SUT3RNAi lines contained more C-13 than the wild type in the Suc-containing extract of developing wood. Hence, Suc was transported into developing wood, but the Suc-derived carbon was not efficiently incorporated to wood fiber walls. A yellow fluorescent protein: PttSUT3 fusion localized to plasma membrane, suggesting that reduced Suc import into developing wood fibers was the cause of the observed cell wall phenotype. The results show the importance of active Suc transport for wood formation in a symplasmically phloem-loading tree species and identify PttSUT3 as a principal transporter for carbon delivery into secondary cell wall-forming wood fibers.
44.	Mittal, Nitesh, et al. (author) Numerical simulation of mixed convection in a porous medium filled with water/Al2 O3 nanofluid 2013 In: Heat Transfer-Asian Research. - : Wiley Periodicals. - 1099-2871 .- 1523-1496. ; 42:1, s. 46-59 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The present work encloses the application of a Brinkman-extended Darcy model in a problem concerning mixed convection ina lid-driven porous cavity using nanofluids. The transport equations are solved numerically by the finite volume method on a co-located grid arrangement using the Quadratic Upstream Interpolation for Convective Kinematics (QUICK) scheme. The effects of governing parameters, namely, Grashof number (Gr), Darcy number (Da), and solid volume fraction $(\chi)$, on the streamlines and the isotherms are studied. The present results are validated by favorable comparisons with previously published results and are in good agreement with them. The present numerical results show that the addition of nanoparticles to a base fluid has produced an augmentation of the heat transfer coefficient and it is found to increase significantly with an increase of the particle volume concentration. It is observed from the results that at the higher value of the Grashof number (Gr = 104), the average Nusselt number increases with an increase in the Darcy number for a constant solid volume fraction. The detailed results are reported by means of streamlines, isotherms, and Nusselt numbers
45.	Pal, Rudrajeet, Full Professor, et al. (author) Circular used clothing valorization: Executive Brief 2023 Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract This Executive Brief compiles the key results obtained from some ongoing research and innovation studies conducted with the scope of two ongoing projects: (i) CLOSeD (Circular clothing dichotomies in global-local supply chain dispersion) funded by Ikea Family Research Foundation; ongoing since January 2021, and (ii) Circular Logistics (Exploring the role of logistics in the circular textile ecosystem) funded by Formas (Swedish research council for sustainable development); ongoing since May 2022. [More about the 2 projects here: CLOSeD↗ Circular Logistics↗]This Executive Brief is one-of-its-kind, given that it synthesizes the results of multiple ongoing studies, and draws connection among them by presenting an overarching purpose of creating science-based logical reasoning and understanding of how circular clothing supply chains and ecosystems, and the organizations embedded within, can maximise their valorisation potential amid the changing landscape led by, for example, the European Union (EU)-wide planning and adoption of “EU Strategy for textiles”. A common thread of our argument, as put forward in this Executive Brief is while the textile circular economy is largely influenced in practice by recent technological advancements, related to circular material development, innovative products and processes, or digitalization of circular business models and operations, the motivation in driving them forward has been largely from an efficiency-gain perspective, both in terms of economics and ecology, that is address whether and how circular economy would minimise costs, enhance profitability, and render economies of scale. A novelty-centred perspective has been largely implicit in this regard; however critical to generate a top-line on how circular supply chains and ecosystems should generate sustainable value, beyond cost/profit dimensions.To address this our Executive Brief presents the 5 distinct studies’ results. Each study is enriched by empirically-driven dataset, analytical framing and scientific methodology, while at the same time are aligned by a common objective: to explore and provide explanation of the main challenges to value generation in circular clothing supply chains and ecosystems, and what concrete strategic solutions are/can be devised. Ø STUDY 1 explores the values currently uncaptured, new opportunities and strategies to capture them, from a multi-dimensional and multi-stakeholder perspective, in context to European used clothing circular supply chain from multiple countries.Ø STUDY 2 checks the triple-bottom line sustainability credential of distributed Global North-South used clothing circular supply chain, by weighing the pros and cons against each other and finally proposing what needs further attention for future valorization.Ø STUDY 3 highlights the underlying supply chain capabilities prerequisite to design textile-to-textile recycling value chain for handling post-consumer waste in Global North.Ø STUDY 4 presents the case of a multi-national Swedish fashion retailer to pen down what capabilities are essential of an ecosystem leader or captain in orchestrating circular supply chains of post-consumer used clothes.Ø STUDY 5 initiates a mapping of multi-tiered textile recycling value chain in Global South by presenting the case of Panipat in India - world’s largest mechanical recycling hub.
46.	Pal, Rudrajeet, et al. (author) Creating value through reverse logistics in a multi-echelon used clothing chain 2016 In: Sustainable Transport and Supply Chain Innovation. - Kaohsiung, Taiwan. ; , s. 419-429 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Purpose of this paper:Reverse logistics (RL) in retail value chains is an increasingly emerging phenomenon yet under-explored in research (Bernon et al., 2011). The literature becomes shallower while discussing the “process” of value creation in such context. Given the inherent complexity and differentiated value creation in many RL networks (Schenkel et al., 2015), e.g. in used clothing, such values are constituted by different actors by prioritizing and committing their strategic resources for developing distinct rent-earning competencies.In this context, the purpose of this paper is to explore how differential value is created by firms embedded in a multi-echelon reverse value chain for used clothing, by successfully exploiting multi-level (intra- and inter- firm) resources, via various underlying rent-earning mechanisms. Design/methodology/approach:An explorative case study approach is adopted in reverse clothing value chain context to investigate the take-back scheme that includes multiple actor types and also spans globally. An abductive research process is adopted along two stages; Stage 1 (proposes a new theoretical framework on “how” value is created in reverse value chains based on resource-based (RB) and relational rent-earning views to exploit various RL attributes or capabilities) and Stage 2 (seeks real-life case observations to explore the empirical reality), and finally systematically combining these knowledge.Data is collected through semi-structured interviews, observation and documented notes and reports, conducted with various actors, viz. retailers, social enterprises (charities and non-profit retailers), commercial brokers/sorters, and specialized sorting firms from India. Findings:Differentiated values are created by the actors involved with multi-echelon take-back network. The RB and relational theories underpin the rent-earning mechanisms further highlighting several key ways to sustain this value.The VRIO model in the RB theory (Barney and Clark, 2007) shows how value is created within firm boundaries. The relational view highlights four rent-earning mechanisms: relational asset specificity and information sharing for the success of cost-neutral take-back agreement, along with resource and capability complementarities and trust in the relationship. Together they provide understanding of the entire “process” of rent generation. Value:This research contribute to exploring the “process” of rent-earning generated by critical intra- and inter- organizational enablers of value creation in complex RL networks. Practical implications:The paper improves the understanding of the key mechanism for value creation for actors working within the used clothing chain. References:Barney, J., & Clark, D. (2007). Resource-Based Theory: Creating and Sustaining Competitive Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Bernon, M., Rossi, S., & Cullen, J. (2011). Retail reverse logistics: a call and grounding framework for research. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 41(5), 484-510.Schenkel, M., Caniëls, M., Krikke, H., & van der Laanc, E. (2015). Understanding value creation in closed loop supply chains – Past findings and future directions. Journal of Manufacturing Systems. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2015.04.009
47.	Pal, Rudrajeet, Biträdande Professor, et al. (author) Multidimensional value creation through different reverse supply chain relationships in used clothing sector 2019 In: Supply chain management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1359-8546 .- 1758-6852. ; 24:6, s. 729-747 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract PurposeThis paper aims to purport deeper understanding of, and instigate theoretical elaboration to, multidimensional value created through different reverse supply chain (RSC) relationships.Design/methodology/approachBy capturing the relationships (and their differences) constituted and embedded in three “extreme” case studies from global used clothing supply chain, the sources of multidimensional values are explored in line with Dyer and Singh’s (1998) relational theory.FindingsIn the RSC, when downstream relationships are typically more opportunistic, value is created using inter-personal ways of knowledge sharing and through use of informal safeguards. In contrast, the upstream RSC relationships are more symbiotic, and value is created through more seamless (and routinized) knowledge sharing practices, and additional use of more formal transaction-specific controls or financial incentives as safeguarding instruments.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of consolidated case studies may affect the consistency in the findings presented. Another limitation relates to deriving propositions per each source presented in relational theory.Practical implicationsPractitioners particularly from industries whose global RSCs include different natures of relationships and multiple value incentives can be benefited through this study.Originality/valueThe paper extends the original sources of value creation prescribed in relational theory by contextualizing them in RSCs. It depicts how multidimensional values are created relationally by dyadic partners as the nature of relationship differs between upstream and downstream.
48.	Pal, Souvik, et al. (author) A miniaturized nanobiosensor for choline analysis 2014 In: Biosensors & bioelectronics. - : Elsevier. - 0956-5663 .- 1873-4235. ; 54, s. 558-564 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A novel reusable chemiluminescence choline nanobiosensor has been developed using aligned zinc oxide nanorod-films (ZnONR). The chemically fashioned ZnONR were synthesized by hybrid wet chemical route onto glass substrates and used to fabricate a stable chemiluminescent choline biosensor. The biosensor was constructed by co-immobilization of the enzymes choline oxidase and peroxidase. The covalent immobilization of the enzymes on the ZnONR was achieved using 16-phosphonohexadecanoic acid as a cross-linker. The phosphonation of the ZnONR imparted significant stability to the immobilized enzyme as against physisorbed enzyme. A lower value of Michaelis-Menten constant (K-m), of 0.062 mM for the covalently coupled enzyme over the physisorbed enzymes facilitated enhanced stability of ZnONR nanobiosensor. The ZnONR-choline biosensor has been investigated over a wide range of choline from 0.0005 mM to 2 mM. Importantly, the recovery of choline in milk samples was close to 99%. Using the developed biosensor, choline was measurable even after 30 days with 60 repeated measurements proving the stability of the sensor (Intraday RSD%=2.83 and Interday RSD%=3.51).
49.	Paras, Manoj Kumar, et al. (author) A Romanian case study of clothes and accessories upcycling 2019 In: Industria textila. ; 70:3, s. 285-290 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The present paper aims to investigate the practice of upcycling and redesign. The study draws on the multiple organizations involved in the redesigning activities. The organizations selected for the study are located in the northern part of Romania. Semi-structured interviews along with direct observations were used to collect information. The paper provides practical insights to upcycling process.Various kinds of redesigned products are made out of consumer and industrial wastes such as redesigned clothes, accessories for ladies, handbags, ladies purses and office stationery. Upcycling is generally considered as economically non-feasible. However, this study has found contradictory results. The demand-based redesign activities can help an organization to earn a profit. Two out of three selected organizations are able to self-sustain. One of the organizations is newly entered into the Romanian used clothing markets and ables to compete with existing players. This study could be seen as one of the early attempts to empirically explore the practice of textile and accessories upcycling practice in Eastern Europe. The findings from the current case study can provide several useful insights for other similar companies to make redesign activities profitable.
50.	Paras, Manoj Kumar, et al. (author) A state-of-the-art Literature Review of Upcycling: A Clothing Industry Perspective 2016 In: CORTEP 2016 - Book of Abstracts. - Bucharest : Editura Acreditata de Cncsis Bucuresti. - 9786066854641 ; , s. 121- Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Aim: The purpose of this study is to review and appreciate the developments in the literature of upcycling domain; (i) To comprehend the concept of upcycling and subsequently, understanding the difference among the prominent terminologies used in the literature (ii) To identify application of upcycling across various industries; (iii) To propose a framework of upcycling practices for clothing industries based on the insights. Methodology: A scientific literature review procedure proposed by Mayring (2002) was adopted to select and screen the paper which comprised of four steps; (i) Material collection: The collection of material is well defined and delimited based on the profiling approach. Each paper is defined as unit of analysis; (ii) Descriptive analysis: Different criteria are set to analyze collected materials. These are publication year, journal, methodology and author affiliations; (iii) Category selection: To do analysis different categories have been identified. Further those categories were divided into sub-categories; (iv) Material evaluation: According to above mentioned categorization, research papers are analyzed and interpreted to form a conceptual framework. Result: The paper has identified terminologies and definitions used in the literature. Recycling may be considered as the use of the material properties (e.g. as a fire retardant non-woven material in a mattress spring cover) (Morley, Bartlett et al. 2009). Down-cycling may be conceptualized as making an inferior product or broken down into raw material. However, several scholars proposed various definitions of upcycling. The prominent may include: (i) Value/quality of product is improved by making superior product. (Dervojeda, Verzijl et al. 2014); (ii) Giving new value to materials that are either discarded, or are not being used anymore" (Fletcher and Grose 2012); (iii) repurposing lower-value items such as a neck scarf to construct a higher-value end use item, such as a wrap skirt or halter top (Janigo and Wu 2015). The results indicated that designing may be considered as one of the important steps in upcycling process. The process of redesigning consists of ideation, reconstruction and fitting. The limitation of redesigning is variability in size and pattern. This can be overcome by; craftsmanship, time, innovation, provenance, desire, narrative. Conclusion: The extant literature revealed that no study so far has attempted to summarize the literature in upcylcing area. Thus, this could be seen as a significant and unique contribution to the literature. Further, the bibliography and insights provided in the study may be used by future scholars as a ready reference for their research.

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