| 1. |
- Lozano, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Kar, Rohan, et al.
(författare)
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The FBXW7-NOTCH interactome : A ubiquitin proteasomal system-induced crosstalk modulating oncogenic transformation in human tissues
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancer Reports. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2573-8348. ; 4:4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Ubiquitin ligases or E3 ligases are well programmed to regulate molecular interactions that operate at a post-translational level. Skp, Cullin, F-box containing complex (or SCF complex) is a multidomain E3 ligase known to mediate the degradation of a wide range of proteins through the proteasomal pathway. The three-dimensional domain architecture of SCF family proteins suggests that it operates through a novel and adaptable "super-enzymatic" process that might respond to targeted therapeutic modalities in cancer. Recent findings Several F-box containing proteins have been characterized either as tumor suppressors (FBXW8, FBXL3, FBXW8, FBXL3, FBXO1, FBXO4, and FBXO18) or as oncogenes (FBXO5, FBXO9, and SKP2). Besides, F-box members like beta TrcP1 and beta TrcP2, the ones with context-dependent functionality, have also been studied and reported. FBXW7 is a well-studied F-box protein and is a tumor suppressor. FBXW7 regulates the activity of a range of substrates, such as c-Myc, cyclin E, mTOR, c-Jun, NOTCH, myeloid cell leukemia sequence-1 (MCL1), AURKA, NOTCH through the well-known ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)-mediated degradation pathway. NOTCH signaling is a primitive pathway that plays a crucial role in maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. FBXW7 regulates NOTCH protein activity by controlling its half-life, thereby maintaining optimum protein levels in tissue. However, aberrations in the FBXW7 or NOTCH expression levels can lead to poor prognosis and detrimental outcomes in patients. Therefore, the FBXW7-NOTCH axis has been a subject of intense study and research over the years, especially around the interactome's role in driving cancer development and progression. Several studies have reported the effect of FBXW7 and NOTCH mutations on normal tissue behavior. The current review attempts to critically analyze these mutations prognostic value in a wide range of tumors. Furthermore, the review summarizes the recent findings pertaining to the FBXW7 and NOTCH interactome and its involvement in phosphorylation-related events, cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. Conclusion The review concludes by positioning FBXW7 as an effective diagnostic marker in tumors and by listing out recent advancements made in cancer therapeutics in identifying protocols targeting the FBXW7-NOTCH aberrations in tumors.
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| 4. |
- Singh, Sachin Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Soil erosion control from trash residues at varying land slopes under simulated rainfall conditions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering. - : American Institute of Mathematical Sciences. - 1551-0018. ; 20:6, s. 11403-11428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trash mulches are remarkably effective in preventing soil erosion, reducing runoff-sediment transport-erosion, and increasing infiltration. The study was carried out to observe the sediment outflow from sugar cane leaf (trash) mulch treatments at selected land slopes under simulated rainfall conditions using a rainfall simulator of size 10 m × 1.2 m × 0.5 m with the locally available soil material collected from Pantnagar. In the present study, trash mulches with different quantities were selected to observe the effect of mulching on soil loss reduction. The number of mulches was taken as 6, 8 and 10 t/ha, three rainfall intensities viz. 11, 13 and 14.65 cm/h at 0, 2 and 4% land slopes were selected. The rainfall duration was fixed (10 minutes) for every mulch treatment. The total runoff volume varied with mulch rates for constant rainfall input and land slope. The average sediment concentration (SC) and sediment outflow rate (SOR) increased with the increasing land slope. However, SC and outflow decreased with the increasing mulch rate for a fixed land slope and rainfall intensity. The SOR for no mulch-treated land was higher than trash mulch-treated lands. Mathematical relationships were developed for relating SOR, SC, land slope, and rainfall intensity for a particular mulch treatment. It was observed that SOR and average SC values correlated with rainfall intensity and land slope for each mulch treatment. The developed models' correlation coefficients were more than 90%.
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| 5. |
- Allam, Venkata Sita Rama Raju, et al.
(författare)
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Nutraceuticals and mitochondrial oxidative stress : bridging the gap in the management of bronchial asthma
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Nature. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 29:42, s. 62733-62754
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily characterized by inflammation and reversible bronchoconstriction. It is currently one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Oxidative stress further complicates the pathology of the disease. The current treatment strategies for asthma mainly involve the use of anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators. However, long-term usage of such medications is associated with severe adverse effects and complications. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop newer, novel, and safe treatment modalities for the management of asthma. This has therefore prompted further investigations and detailed research to identify and develop novel therapeutic interventions from potent untapped resources. This review focuses on the significance of oxidative stressors that are primarily derived from both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial sources in initiating the clinical features of asthma. The review also discusses the biological scavenging system of the body and factors that may lead to its malfunction which could result in altered states. Furthermore, the review provides a detailed insight into the therapeutic role of nutraceuticals as an effective strategy to attenuate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress and may be used in the mitigation of the cardinal features of bronchial asthma.
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| 6. |
- Paudel, Keshav Raj, et al.
(författare)
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Recent Advances in Chronotherapy Targeting Respiratory Diseases
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pharmaceutics. - : MDPI. - 1999-4923. ; 13:12
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Respiratory diseases contribute to a significant percentage of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The circadian rhythm is a natural biological process where our bodily functions align with the 24 h oscillation (sleep-wake cycle) process and are controlled by the circadian clock protein/gene. Disruption of the circadian rhythm could alter normal lung function. Chronotherapy is a type of therapy provided at specific time intervals based on an individual's circadian rhythm. This would allow the drug to show optimum action, and thereby modulate its pharmacokinetics to lessen unwanted or unintended effects. In this review, we deliberated on the recent advances employed in chrono-targeted therapeutics for chronic respiratory diseases.
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| 7. |
- Alharbi, Khalid Saad, et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear factor-kappa B and its role in inflammatory lung disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Chemico-Biological Interactions. - : Elsevier. - 0009-2797 .- 1872-7786. ; 345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear factor-kappa B, involved in inflammation, host immune response, cell adhesion, growth signals, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis defense, is a dimeric transcription factor. Inflammation is a key component of many common respiratory disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Many basic transcription factors are found in NF-xB signaling, which is a member of the Rel protein family. Five members of this family c-REL, NF-xB2 (p100/ p52), RelA (p65), NF-xB1 (p105/p50), RelB, and RelA (p65) produce 5 transcriptionally active molecules. Proinflammatory cytokines, T lymphocyte, and B lymphocyte cell mitogens, lipopolysaccharides, bacteria, viral proteins, viruses, double-stranded RNA, oxidative stress, physical exertion, various chemotherapeutics are the stimulus responsible for NF-xB activation. NF-xB act as a principal component for several common respiratory illnesses, such as asthma, lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, COPD as well as infectious diseases like pneumonia, tuberculosis, COVID-19. Inflammatory lung disease, especially COVID-19, can make NF-xB a key target for drug production.
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| 8. |
- Chan, Yinghan, et al.
(författare)
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Nutraceuticals : unlocking newer paradigms in the mitigation of inflammatory lung diseases
- 2023
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Ingår i: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1040-8398 .- 1549-7852. ; 63:19, s. 3302-3332
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Persistent respiratory tract inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of various chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. These inflammatory respiratory diseases have been a major public health concern as they are the leading causes of worldwide mortality and morbidity, resulting in heavy burden on socioeconomic growth throughout these years. Although various therapeutic agents are currently available, the clinical applications of these agents are found to be futile due to their adverse effects, and most patients remained poorly controlled with a low quality of life. These drawbacks have necessitated the development of novel, alternative therapeutic agents that can effectively improve therapeutic outcomes. Recently, nutraceuticals such as probiotics, vitamins, and phytochemicals have gained increasing attention due to their nutritional properties and therapeutic potential in modulating the pathological mechanisms underlying inflammatory respiratory diseases, which could ultimately result in improved disease control and overall health outcomes. As such, nutraceuticals have been held in high regard as the possible alternatives to address the limitations of conventional therapeutics, where intensive research are being performed to identify novel nutraceuticals that can positively impact various inflammatory respiratory diseases. This review provides an insight into the utilization of nutraceuticals with respect to their molecular mechanisms targeting multiple signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory respiratory diseases.
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| 9. |
- Patel, Vyoma K., et al.
(författare)
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Tackling the cytokine storm using advanced drug delivery in allergic airway disease
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. - : Elsevier. - 1773-2247. ; 82
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asthma is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide presenting a huge socio-economic burden with rising morbidity and mortality rates. It is a chronic inflammatory airway disease that is eminent with multiple epidemiological and pathophysiological features such as over production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that triggers an uncontrolled aberrant inflammatory response known as 'cytokine storm'. This phenomenon interferes with the signalling and production of cytokines over time leading to the progression of disease and the development of complications that lead to fatal consequences in many individuals. Targeting this overproduction and signalling of cytokines may prove a promising approach to develop novel cytokine specific therapies in the treatment of asthma. This review discusses on the various pharmacological strategies, recent advancements in drug delivery systems and significant findings from clinical trials that may have a potential to outweigh the limitations of the current therapies in the treatment of asthma.
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| 10. |
- Allam, Venkata, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of chronic airway diseases using nutraceuticals : Mechanistic insight
- 2022
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Ingår i: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1040-8398 .- 1549-7852. ; 62:27, s. 7576-7590
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Respiratory diseases, both acute and chronic, are reported to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting millions of people globally, leading to high socio-economic burden for the society in the recent decades. Chronic inflammation and decline in lung function are the common symptoms of respiratory diseases. The current treatment strategies revolve around using appropriate anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators. A range of anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators are currently available in the market; however, the usage of such medications is limited due to the potential for various adverse effects. To cope with this issue, researchers have been exploring various novel, alternative therapeutic strategies that are safe and effective to treat respiratory diseases. Several studies have been reported on the possible links between food and food-derived products in combating various chronic inflammatory diseases. Nutraceuticals are examples of such food-derived products which are gaining much interest in terms of its usage for the well-being and better human health. As a consequence, intensive research is currently aimed at identifying novel nutraceuticals, and there is an emerging notion that nutraceuticals can have a positive impact in various respiratory diseases. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of nutraceuticals in altering the various cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in mitigating the symptoms of respiratory diseases.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Jaradat, Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
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A High-Rate Li–CO2 Battery Enabled by 2D Medium-Entropy Catalyst
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 33:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium-air batteries based on CO2 reactant (Li–CO2) have recently been of interest because it has been found that reversible Li/CO2 electrochemistry is feasible. In this study, a new medium-entropy cathode catalyst, (NbTa)0.5BiS3, that enables the reversible electrochemistry to operate at high rates is presented. This medium entropy cathode catalyst is combined with an ionic liquid-based electrolyte blend to give a Li–CO2 battery that operates at high current density of 5000 mA g−1 and capacity of 5000 mAh g−1 for up to 125 cycles, far exceeding reported values in the literature for this type of battery. The higher rate performance is believed to be due to the greater stability of the multi-element (NbTa)0.5BiS3 catalyst because of its higher entropy compared to previously used catalysts with a smaller number of elements with lower entropies. Evidence for this comes from computational studies giving very low surface energies (high surface stability) for (NbTa)0.5BiS3 and transmission electron microscopystudies showing the structure being retained after cycling. In addition, the calculations indicate that Nb-terminated surface promotes Li–CO2 electrochemistry resulting in Li2CO3 and carbon formation, consistent with the products found in the cell. These results open new direction to design and develop high-performance Li–CO2 batteries.
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| 13. |
- Kumar, Manish, et al.
(författare)
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Global co-occurrences of multi-(emerging)-contaminants in the hotspots of arsenic polluted groundwater : A pattern of menace
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-5844. ; 34
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advancements in analytical techniques have resulted in much progress in understanding co-occurrence of environmental con-taminants. We focused on investigating the global pattern of arsenic (As) co-occurrence with inorganic and emerging con-taminants and then explained the governing factors driving the situation. Major co-occurring inorganic contaminants were found in three sets: i) U, F, Fe, Mn, Pb, & Zn; ii) Al, Mo, Cd, Sb, Br, I, and Se; and iii) Ag, Au, Cr, Cu, Hg, Th, V, Ga, and Ba. Co-occurrences were majorly governed by weathering, redox conditions, recharge/pumping, and surface leaching. Several places around the world started to exhibit As presence with contaminants of emerging concerns like pesticides, per-and polyfluoroalkyl sub-stances (PFAS), endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and others, that needs to be explored further at fundamentally deeper levels. This is probably one of the first attempts to correlate As co -occurrences with contaminants of emerging concern.
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| 14. |
- Majidi, Leily, et al.
(författare)
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Nanostructured Conductive Metal Organic Frameworks for Sustainable Low Charge Overpotentials in Li-Air Batteries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Small. - : Wiley. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 18:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium–oxygen batteries are among the most attractive alternatives for future electrified transportation. However, their practical application is hindered by many obstacles. Due to the insulating nature of Li2O2 product and the slow kinetics of reactions, attaining sustainable low charge overpotentials at high rates becomes a challenge resulting in the battery's early failure and low round trip efficiency. Herein, outstanding characteristics are discovered of a conductive metal organic framework (c-MOF) that promotes the growth of nanocrystalline Li2O2 with amorphous regions. This provides a platform for the continuous growth of Li2O2 units away from framework, enabling a fast discharge at high current rates. Moreover, the Li2O2 structure works in synergy with the redox mediator (RM). The conductivity of the amorphous regions of the Li2O2 allows the RM to act directly on the Li2O2 surface instead of catalyst edges and then transport through the electrolyte to the Li2O2 surface. This direct charge transfer enables a small charge potential of <3.7 V under high current densities (1–2 A g−1) sustained for a long cycle life (100–300 cycles) for large capacities (1000–2000 mAh g−1). These results open a new direction for utilizing c-MOFs towards advanced energy storage systems.
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| 15. |
- Ravi, Vikash Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Origin of the Substitution Mechanism for the Binding of Organic Ligands on the Surface of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocubes
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 8:20, s. 4988-4994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optoelectronic properties of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocubes (NCs) depend strongly on the interaction of the organic passivating molecules with the inorganic crystal. To understand this interaction, we employed a combination of synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and first-principles density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations. Variable energy XPS elucidated the internal structure of the inorganic part in a layer-by-layer fashion, whereas NMR characterized the organic ligands. Our experimental results confirm that oleylammonium ions act as capping ligands by substituting Cs+ ions from the surface of CsPbBr3 NCs. DFT calculations shows that the substitution mechanism does not require much energy for surface reconstruction and, in contrast, stabilizes the nanocrystal by the formation of three hydrogen bonds between the -NH3(+) moiety of oleylammonium and surrounding Br- on the surface of NCs. This substitution mechanism and its origin are in stark contrast to the usual adsorption of organic ligands on the surface of typical NCs.
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| 16. |
- Bessa, Agustina, et al.
(författare)
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Unmet needs in sexual health in bladder cancer patients : a systematic review of the evidence
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Urology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2490. ; 20:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Bladder cancer (BC) treatment can have a detrimental effect on the sexual organs of patients and yet assessment of sexual health needs has been greatly overlooked for these patients compared to those who have undergone other cancer therapies.Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in July 2019. Studies were identified by conducting searches for Medline (using the PubMed interface), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Ovid Gateway (Embase and Ovid) using a list of defined search terms.Results: 15 out of 37 studies included men only, 10 studies women only and 11 both sexes. Most participants were aged 50 to 65 years. Most studies (n = 34) focused on muscle invasive BC and only three on non-muscle invasive BC. Measurements of sexual dysfunction, including erection, ejaculation, firmness and desire, were the most commonly used measurements to report sexual health in men. In women, lubrification/dryness, desire, orgasm and dyspareunia were the most commonly reported. Twenty-one studies evaluated sexual dysfunction based on validated questionnaires, two with a non-validated questionnaire and through interviewing participants.Conclusion: While recognition of the importance of the inclusion of psychometric measurements to assess sexual health is growing, there is a lack of consistent measures to assess sexual health in BC. With the focus on QoL arising in cancer survivorship, further studies are needed to develop, standardize and implement use of sexual health questionnaires with appropriate psychometrics and social measures to evaluate QoL in BC patients.
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| 17. |
- Chavhan, Suresh, et al.
(författare)
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Edge-enabled Blockchain-based V2X Scheme for Secure Communication within the Smart City Development
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Internet of Things Journal. - Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2327-4662. ; 10:24, s. 21282-21293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the high mobility nature of the vehicles results in frequent leaving and joining the transportation network, real-time data must be collected and shared in a timely manner. In such a transportation network, malicious vehicles can disrupt services and create serious issues, such as deadlocks and accidents. The blockchain is a technology that ensures traceability, consistency, and security in transportation networks. In this study, we integrated edge computing and blockchain technology to improve the optimal utilization of resources, especially in terms of computing, communication, security, and storage. We propose a novel, edge-integrated, blockchain-based vehicle platoon security scheme. For the vehicle platoon, we developed the security architecture, implemented smart contracts for practical network scenarios in NS-3, and integrated them with the SUMO TraCI API. We exhaustively simulated all the scenarios and analyzed the communication performance metrics, such as throughput, delay, and jitter, and the security performance metrics, such as mean squared error, communication, and computational cost. The performance results demonstrate that the developed scheme can solve security-related issues more effectively and efficiently in smart cities. © IEEE
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| 18. |
- Das, Sumit Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of various isogeometric contact surface refinement strategies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering. - : Springer Nature. - 1678-5878 .- 1806-3691. ; 46:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since its inception, isogeometric analysis (IGA) has shown significant advantages over Lagrange polynomials-based finite element analysis (FEA), especially for contact problems. IGA often uses C1-continuous non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) as basis functions, providing a smooth description of kinematic variables across the contact interface. This leads to increased accuracy and stability in the numerical solutions. However, from the existing literature on isogeometric contact analysis, it is not yet clear what interpolation order and continuity of NURBS one should employ to accurately capture the distribution of contact forces across the contact interface. The present work aims to fill this gap and provides a comparative assessment of different NURBS-based standard (conventional) refinement strategies for contact problems within the IGA framework. A recently proposed refinement strategy, known as the varying-order (VO) based NURBS discretization, has demonstrated its capability to refine geometry through the implementation of order elevation in a controlled manner. However, a detailed investigation that directly compares the VO based NURBS discretization with the standard NURBS discretization has not yet been carried out. Therefore, a thorough study of the VO based discretization strategy is also conducted, evaluating its effectiveness in comparison with the standard discretization strategy for contact problems. For this, a few examples on contact problems are solved using an in-house MATLAB® code. The solution to these examples shows that quadratic order standard NURBS discretization is sufficient to achieve the desired level of solution accuracy just by increasing the mesh size. It is further demonstrated that VO based discretization can achieve much higher accuracy than standard discretization, even with a coarse mesh, by generating additional degrees of freedom in the contact boundary layer. In addition, VO based discretization makes considerable savings in analysis time to achieve the same accuracy level as standard discretization.
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| 19. |
- González-Gloria, Karla D., et al.
(författare)
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Biochemical and biorefinery platform for second-generation bioethanol : fermentative strategies and microorganisms
- 2024
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Ingår i: Fermentation. - : MDPI. - 2311-5637. ; 10:7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioethanol is the most commonly used biofuel. It is an alternative to replace fossil fuels in renewable energy; it can be produced from lignocellulosic feedstock using a biotechnological process. Their participation of microorganisms is crucial in the bioconversion process of fermentation for ethanol production and can involve bacteria, fungi, and yeasts. However, when working within bioethanol processes from lignocellulose feedstock, microorganisms face some challenges, such as high temperature, high solids content, and the ability to ferment sugars for high ethanol concentration. Such challenges will depend on operative strategies, such as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, separate hydrolysis and fermentation, semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and consolidated bioprocessing; these are the most common configurations. This review presents different trends of the microbial role, biochemical application, and fermentation operative strategies for bioethanol production of the second generation.
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| 20. |
- Gupta, Ashok Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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The microphysics of the warm-rain and ice crystal processes of precipitation in simulated continental convective storms
- 2023
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Ingår i: Communications Earth and Environment. - 2662-4435. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precipitation in clouds can form by either warm-rain or ice crystal processes, referred to as warm and cold formation pathways, respectively. Here, we investigate the warm and cold pathway contributions to surface precipitation in simulated continental convective storms. We analyze three contrasting convective storms that are cold-based, slightly warm-based and very warm-based. We apply tracer-tagging techniques in our aerosol-cloud model to determine simulated microphysical pathways that lead to precipitation. We find cold components of graupel and rain mass were higher than warm components in cold- and slightly warm-based clouds. By contrast, in very warm-based clouds nearly 80% of surface precipitation was formed via warm-rain processes. Lowering of cloud base altitude to levels about 10–20 K warmer switched surface precipitation to being mostly warm, due to enhanced moisture content in the planetary boundary layer and larger cloud droplets aloft intensifying raindrop freezing. Our simulations indicate that warm and cold processes co-exist in any storm and the balance between them is determined by cloud base temperature and solute aerosol conditions.
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| 21. |
- Hussain, Sadique, et al.
(författare)
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Non-coding RNA : A key regulator in the Glutathione-GPX4 pathway of ferroptosis
- 2024
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Ingår i: NON-CODING RNA RESEARCH. - : Elsevier. - 2468-2160 .- 2468-0540. ; 9:4, s. 1222-1234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death, has emerged as a crucial process in diverse pathophysiological states, encompassing cancer, neurodegenerative ailments, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. The glutathione (GSH)dependent lipid peroxidation pathway, chiefly governed by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), assumes an essential part in driving ferroptosis. GPX4, as the principal orchestrator of ferroptosis, has garnered significant attention across cancer, cardiovascular, and neuroscience domains over the past decade. Noteworthy investigations have elucidated the indispensable functions of ferroptosis in numerous diseases, including tumorigenesis, wherein robust ferroptosis within cells can impede tumor advancement. Recent research has underscored the complex regulatory role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating the GSH-GPX4 network, thus influencing cellular susceptibility to ferroptosis. This exhaustive review endeavors to probe into the multifaceted processes by which ncRNAs control the GSH-GPX4 network in ferroptosis. Specifically, we delve into the functions of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in regulating GPX4 expression and impacting cellular susceptibility to ferroptosis. Moreover, we discuss the clinical implications of dysregulated interactions between ncRNAs and GPX4 in several conditions, underscoring their capacity as viable targets for therapeutic intervention. Additionally, the review explores emerging strategies aimed at targeting ncRNAs to modulate the GSHGPX4 pathway and manipulate ferroptosis for therapeutic advantage. A comprehensive understanding of these intricate regulatory networks furnishes insights into innovative therapeutic avenues for diseases associated with perturbed ferroptosis, thereby laying the groundwork for therapeutic interventions targeting ncRNAs in ferroptosis-related pathological conditions.
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| 22. |
- Jacobsen, Sten Elling Tingstad, et al.
(författare)
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Predictive cruise control behind a stationary or slow moving object
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Proceedings. ; 2019-June, s. 2099-2105
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an energy-efficient velocity control technique for a truck driving behind a slow moving truck. An observer is designed to estimate the acceleration capability of the leading vehicle, which is then used to predict the velocity and time trajectory of the leading vehicle. This information, together with information of road topography, is used by the ego vehicle to optimally plan its velocity along a look-ahead horizon. The optimal planning is achieved by nonlinear model predictive control, where constraints are set to keep a safe distance to the leading vehicle and arrive at the destination within a given time. The designed controller is tested on various driving cycles. The proposed technique is also tested on a traffic light scenario, where information about the position of the traffic light and timing of its signals is considered to be known. The simulations results show that the proposed technique can save a significant amount of fuel.
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| 23. |
- Mei, Yanlan, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of manufacturer fairness concerns and carbon emission reduction investment on pricing decisions under countervailing power
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Government policies have focused on carbon emissions from the green supply chain (GSC). To discuss how price decision-making in GSC is affected by the manufacturer's fairness concerns, retailer's countervailing power, and carbon emissions reduction, the Stackelberg model assumes that consumers are environmentally sensitive. To explore this problem considering the type of manufacturer's behavior preferences, we built four models that pertain to the following two situations: the retailer has countervailing power, and the retailer has no countervailing power. The results show that (1) the manufacturer's disadvantageous fairness concerns reduce the overall supply chain profits and utility; influenced by countervailing power, the members witness a win-win situation; (2) moderate advantageous fairness concerns benefit GSC members; furthermore, under advantageous fairness concerns, the manufacturer can "give profits" to the retailer; (3) affected by the retailer's countervailing power, no bargaining agreement is made in the GSC under advantageous fairness concerns. Finally, the interplay between member decisions and consumer sensitivity is explored. This study can help manufacturers achieve emission reduction targets in response to consumer environmental awareness and government regulation.
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| 24. |
- Ojha, Narendra, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanisms and Pathways for Coordinated Control of Fine Particulate Matter and Ozone
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current Pollution Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2198-6592. ; 8:4, s. 594-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of Review Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground-level ozone (O3) pose a significant risk to human health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently revised healthy thresholds for both pollutants. The formation and evolution of PM2.5 and O3 are however governed by complex physical and multiphase chemical processes, and therefore, it is extremely challenging to mitigate both pollutants simultaneously. Here, we review mechanisms and discuss the science-informed pathways for effective and simultaneous mitigation of PM2.5 and O3.Recent Findings Global warming has led to a general increase in biogenic emissions, which can enhance the formation of O3 and secondary organic aerosols. Reductions in anthropogenic emissions during the COVID-19 lockdown reduced PM2.5; however, O3 was enhanced in several polluted regions. This was attributed to more intense sunlight due to low aerosol loading and non-linear response of O3 to NOx. Such contrasting physical and chemical interactions hinder the formulation of a clear roadmap for clean air over such regions.Summary Atmospheric chemistry including the role of biogenic emissions, aerosol-radiation interactions, boundary layer, and regional-scale transport are the key aspects that need to be carefully considered in the formulation of mitigation pathways. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the chemical effects of the emission reductions, changes in photolytic rates and boundary layer due to perturbation of solar radiation, and the effect of meteorological/seasonal changes are needed on a regional basis. Statistical emulators and machine learning approaches can aid the cumbersome process of multi-sector multi-species source attribution.
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| 25. |
- Ollerton, Jeff, et al.
(författare)
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Diversity of Diptera families that pollinate Ceropegia (Apocynaceae) trap flowers: An update in light of new data and phylogenetic analyses
- 2017
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Ingår i: Flora. - : Elsevier BV. - 0367-2530 .- 1618-0585. ; 234, s. 233-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pollination by flies (Diptera) has been important to the diversification and ecology of the flowering plants, but is poorly understood in contrast to pollination by other groups such as bees, butterflies and birds. Within the Apocynaceae the genera Ceropegia and Riocreuxia temporarily trap flies, releasing them after a fixed, species-specific period of time, during which pollination and/or pollen removal occurs. This "trap flower" pollination system shows convergent evolution with unrelated species in other families and fascinated Stefan Vogel for much of his career, leading to ground-breaking work on floral function in Ceropegia (Apocynaceae). In this new study we extend the work of the latest broad analysis published by some of the authors (Ollerton et al., 2009 − Annals of Botany). This incorporates previously unpublished data from India and Africa, as well as recently published information, on the diversity of pollinators exploited by Ceropegia. The analyses are based on a more accurate phylogenetic understanding of the relationships between the major groups, and significantly widens the biogeographic scope of our understanding of fly pollination within Ceropegia. Information about the pollinators of 69 taxa (species, subspecies and natural varieties) of Ceropegia is now available. Twenty five families of Diptera are known to visit the flowers of Ceropegia, of which sixteen are confirmed as pollinators. Most taxa are pollinated by species from a single family. Overall, there were no major biogeographic differences in the types of Diptera that were used in particular regions, though some subtle differences were apparent. Likewise there were no differences between the two major clades of Ceropegia, but clear differences when comparing the range of Diptera exploited by Ceropegia with that of the stapeliads. This clade, one of the largest in the Asclepiadoideae, is a fascinating example of a species radiation driven by an apparently relatively uniform set of pollinators.
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| 26. |
- Patade, Sachin, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of multiple groups of biological ice nucleating particles on microphysical properties of mixed-phase clouds observed during MC3E
- 2022
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 22:18, s. 12055-12075
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new empirical parameterization (EP) for multiple groups of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) is implemented in the aerosol-cloud model (AC) to investigate their roles as ice nucleating particles (INPs). The EP describes the heterogeneous ice nucleation by (1) fungal spores, (2) bacteria, (3) pollen, (4) detritus of plants, animals, and viruses, and (5) algae. Each group includes fragments from the originally emitted particles. A high-resolution simulation of a midlatitude mesoscale squall line by AC is validated against airborne and ground observations. Sensitivity tests are carried out by varying the initial vertical profiles of the loadings of individual PBAP groups. The resulting changes in warm and ice cloud microphysical parameters are investigated. The changes in warm microphysical parameters, including liquid water content and cloud droplet number concentration, are minimal (<10 %). Overall, PBAPs have little effect on the ice number concentration (<6 %) in the convective region. In the stratiform region, increasing the initial PBAP loadings by a factor of 1000 resulted in less than 40 % change in ice number concentrations. The total ice concentration is mostly controlled by various mechanisms of secondary ice production (SIP). However, when SIP is intentionally shut down in sensitivity tests, increasing the PBAP loading by a factor of 100 has an effect of less than 3 % on the ice phase. Further sensitivity tests revealed that PBAPs have little effect on surface precipitation and on the shortwave and longwave flux (<4 %) for a 100-fold perturbation in PBAPs.
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| 27. |
- Paudel, Keshav Raj, et al.
(författare)
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In vitro anti-cancer activity of a polyherbal preparation, VEDICINALS®9, against A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells
- 2023
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Ingår i: Pathology, Research and Practice. - : Elsevier. - 0344-0338 .- 1618-0631. ; 250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the availability of several treatment options, the five-year survival rate of NSCLC is extremely low (<20%). This underlines the necessity of more effective therapeutic alternatives. In this context, plant-derived extracts and bioactive molecules extracted from plants, known collectively as phytoceuticals, represent an extremely variegated source of bioactive compounds with potent anticancer potential. In the present study, we tested the in vitro anticancer activity of a polyherbal preparation, VEDICINALS®9, containing nine different bioactive principles extracted by medicinal plants.MethodsThe anticancer activity of VEDICINALS®9 was investigated by measuring its impact on A549 human NSCLC cell proliferation (MTT assay and trypan blue staining), migration (wound healing assay and transwell chamber assay) and by measuring the impact on the expression of cancer-related proteins (Human XL Oncology Protein Array).ResultsWe show that VEDICINALS®9 at a concentration of 0.2% v/v has potent anticancer effect, significantly inhibiting A549 cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, this was achieved by downregulating the expression of proteins involved in cancer cell proliferation (Axl, FGF basic, enolase 2, progranulin, survivin) and migration (Dkk-1, cathepsins B and D, BCL-x, amphiregulin, CapG, u-plasminogen activator). Furthermore, treatment with VEDICINALS®9 resulted in increased expression of the oncosuppressor protein p53 and of the angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin.ConclusionsTaken together, our results provide proof of principle of the potent anticancer activity of the polyherbal preparation VEDICINALS®9, highlighting its enormous potential as an alternative or adjuvant therapy for lung cancer.
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| 28. |
- Paul, Alexandra, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Biomechanical Dependence of SARS-CoV-2 Infections
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Bio Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2576-6422. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Older people have been disproportionately vulnerable to the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with an increased risk of severe complications and death compared to other age groups. A mix of underlying factors has been speculated to give rise to this differential infection outcome including changes in lung physiology, weakened immunity, and severe immune response. Our study focuses on the impact of biomechanical changes in lungs that occur as individuals age, that is, the stiffening of the lung parenchyma and increased matrix fiber density. We used hydrogels with an elastic modulus of 0.2 and 50 kPa and conventional tissue culture surfaces to investigate how infection rate changes with parenchymal tissue stiffness in lung epithelial cells challenged with SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein pseudotyped lentiviruses. Further, we employed electrospun fiber matrices to isolate the effect of matrix density. Given the recent data highlighting the importance of alternative virulent strains, we included both the native strain identified in early 2020 and an early S protein variant (D614G) that was shown to increase the viral infectivity markedly. Our results show that cells on softer and sparser scaffolds, closer resembling younger lungs, exhibit higher infection rates by the WT and D614G variant. This suggests that natural changes in lung biomechanics do not increase the propensity for SARS-CoV-2 infection and that other factors, such as a weaker immune system, may contribute to increased disease burden in the elderly.
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| 29. |
- Paul, Alexandra, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of ambient temperature on respiratory tract cells exposed to SARS-CoV-2 viral mimicking nanospheres - An experimental study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biointerphases. - : American Vacuum Society. - 1559-4106 .- 1934-8630. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel coronavirus caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has reached more than 160 countries and has been declared a pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 infects host cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) surface receptor via the spike (S) receptor-binding protein (RBD) on the virus envelope. Global data on a similar infectious disease spread by SARS-CoV-1 in 2002 indicated improved stability of the virus at lower temperatures facilitating its high transmission in the community during colder months (December–February). Seasonal viral transmissions are strongly modulated by temperatures, which can impact viral trafficking into host cells; however, an experimental study of temperature-dependent activity of SARS-CoV-2 is still lacking. We mimicked SARS-CoV-2 with polymer beads coated with the SARS-CoV-2 S protein to study the effect of seasonal temperatures on the binding of virus-mimicking nanospheres to lung epithelia. The presence of the S protein RBD on nanosphere surfaces led to binding by Calu-3 airway epithelial cells via the ACE-2 receptor. Calu-3 and control fibroblast cells with S-RBD-coated nanospheres were incubated at 33 and 37 °C to mimic temperature fluctuations in the host respiratory tract, and we found no temperature dependence in contrast to nonspecific binding of bovine serum ablumin-coated nanospheres. Moreover, the ambient temperature changes from 4 to 40 °C had no effect on S-RBD-ACE-2 ligand-receptor binding and minimal effect on the S-RBD protein structure (up to 40 °C), though protein denaturing occurred at 51 °C. Our results suggest that ambient temperatures from 4 to 40 °C have little effect on the SARS-CoV-2-ACE-2 interaction in agreement with the infection data currently reported.
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| 30. |
- Paul, Alexandra, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative Mapping of Triacylglycerol Chain Length and Saturation Using Broadband CARS Microscopy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biophysical Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 116:12, s. 2346-2355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipid droplets (LDs), present in many cell types, are highly dynamic organelles that store neutral lipids, primarily triacylglycerols (TAGs). With the discovery of new LD functions (e.g., in immune response, protein clearage, and occurrence with disease), new methods to study LD chemical composition in situ are necessary. We present an approach for in situ, quantitative TAG analysis using label-free, coherent Raman microscopy that allows deciphering LD TAG composition in different biochemically complex samples with submicrometer spatial resolution. Employing a set of standard TAGs, we generate a spectral training matrix capturing the variation caused in Raman-like spectra by TAG backbone, chain length, and number of double bonds per chain, as well as the presence of proteins or other diluting molecules. Comparing our fitting approach to gas chromatography measurements for mixtures of standard TAGs and food oils, we find the root mean-square error for the prediction of TAG chemistry to be 0.69 CH2 and 0.15 #C=C. When progressing to more complex samples such as oil emulsions and LDs in various eukaryotic cells, we find good agreement with bulk gas chromatography measurements. For differentiated adipocytes, we find a significant increase in the number of double bonds in small LDs (below 2 μm in diameter) compared to large LDs (above 2 μm in diameter). Coupled with a relatively limited sample preparation requirement, this approach should enable rapid and accurate TAG LD analysis for a variety of cell biology and technological applications.
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| 31. |
- Rani, Sita, et al.
(författare)
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Federated learning for secure IoMT-applications in smart healthcare systems : A comprehensive review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Knowledge-Based Systems. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0950-7051 .- 1872-7409. ; 274
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent developments in the Internet of Things (IoT) and various communication technologies have reshaped numerous application areas. Nowadays, IoT is assimilated into various medical devices and equipment, leading to the progression of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). Therefore, various IoMT-based healthcare applications are deployed and used in the day-to-day scenario. Traditionally, machine learning (ML) models use centralized data compilation and learning that is impractical in pragmatic healthcare frameworks due to rising privacy and data security issues. Federated Learning (FL) has been observed as a developing distributed collective paradigm, the most appropriate for modern healthcare framework, that manages various stakeholders (e.g., patients, hospitals, laboratories, etc.) to carry out training of the models without the actual exchange of sensitive medical data. Consequently, in this work, the authors present an exhaustive survey on the security of FL-based IoMT applications in smart healthcare frameworks. First, the authors introduced IoMT devices, their types, applications, datasets, and the IoMT security framework in detail. Subsequently, the concept of FL, its application domains, and various tools used to develop FL applications are discussed. The significant contribution of FL in deploying secure IoMT systems is presented by focusing on FL-based IoMT applications, patents, real-world FL-based healthcare projects, and datasets. A comparison of FL-based security techniques with other schemes in the smart healthcare ecosystem is also presented. Finally, the authors discussed the challenges faced and potential future research recommendations to deploy secure FL-based IoMT applications in smart healthcare frameworks. © 2023 The Author(s)
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| 32. |
- Russell, Beth, et al.
(författare)
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A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Delay in Radical Cystectomy and the Effect on Survival in Bladder Cancer Patients
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Urology Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2588-9311. ; 3:2, s. 239-249
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: The complexity of bladder cancer diagnosis and staging results in delays in definitive treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer by radical cystectomy. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analyses aim to assess the impact of delays in radical cystectomy. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic review was conducted by searching Medline and Ovid Gateway using protocol-driven search terms in August 2019, with no time limit on the studies included. The identified studies were assessed according to strict criteria and using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist and Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Meta-analyses were conducted based on the type of delay. Random-effect models were used whereby the presence of a delay was the exposure variable and overall survival was the outcome of interest, for which pooled hazard ratios were calculated. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Nineteen studies were eligible for inclusion (17 532 patients), of which 10 were included in the meta-analyses. A longer delay between bladder cancer diagnosis and radical cystectomy resulted in a pooled hazard ratio of 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-1.53) for overall death. For a delay between transurethral resection and cystectomy, we found a pooled hazard ratio of 1.18 (95% CI: 0.99-1.41) for overall death. A pooled hazard ratio of 1.04 (95% CI: 0.93-1.16) was calculated for a longer delay between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy. CONCLUSIONS: A delay in radical cystectomy after diagnosis was found to have a significantly detrimental effect on overall survival for bladder cancer patients. However, there was huge heterogeneity in how a delay was defined. PATIENT SUMMARY: In this review, we investigated the effect of a delay in radical treatment on survival. This review highlights the importance of scheduling radical cystectomies in a timely manner whilst monitoring factors such as comorbidities and scheduling, in order to treat patients requiring radical cystectomy without delay.
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| 33. |
- Waman, Deepak, et al.
(författare)
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Dependencies of Four Mechanisms of Secondary Ice Production on Cloud-Top Temperature in a Continental Convective Storm
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. - 1520-0469. ; 79:12, s. 3375-3404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various mechanisms of secondary ice production (SIP) cause multiplication of numbers of ice particle, after the onset of primary ice. A measure of SIP is the ice enhancement ratio (“IE ratio”) defined here as the ratio between number concentrations of total ice (excluding homogeneously nucleated ice) and active ice-nucleating particles (INPs). A convective line observed on 11 May 2011 over the Southern Great Plains in the Mesoscale Continental Convective Cloud Experiment (MC3E) campaign was simulated with the “Aerosol–Cloud” (AC) model. AC is validated against coincident MC3E observations by aircraft, ground-based instruments, and satellite. Four SIP mechanisms are represented in AC: the Hallett–Mossop (HM) process of rime splintering, and fragmentation during ice–ice collisions, raindrop freezing, and sublimation. The vertical profile of the IE ratio, averaged over the entire simulation, is almost uniform (102 to 103) because fragmentation in ice–ice collisions dominates at long time scales, driving the ice concentration toward a theoretical maximum. The IE ratio increases with both the updraft (HM process, fragmentation during raindrop freezing, and ice–ice collisions) and downdraft speed (fragmentation during ice–ice collisions and sublimation). As reported historically in aircraft sampling, IE ratios were predicted to peak near 103 for cloud-top temperatures close to the −12°C level, mostly due to the HM process in typically young clouds with their age less than 15 min. At higher altitudes with temperatures of −20° to −30°C, the predicted IE ratios were smaller, ranging from 10 to 102, and mainly resulted from fragmentation in ice–ice collisions.
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| 34. |
- Wang, Wenke, et al.
(författare)
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Risk management of green supply chains for agricultural products based on social network evaluation framework
- 2024
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Ingår i: Business Strategy and the Environment. - : WILEY. - 0964-4733 .- 1099-0836.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The green supply chain of agricultural products (GSCAP) is a key link for rural revitalization and sustainable development in China. However, it faces various risks from internal and external environments that threaten its performance and stability. This paper proposes a novel framework and system for identifying and evaluating the main risks in the GSCAP from the perspective of agricultural enterprises. The framework combines social network analysis (SNA) and an improved technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. SNA is used to analyze the correlations and influences among different types of risks, while the improved TOPSIS method is used to rank the risks of different GSCAPs and identify the key risks in each supply chain. The framework and system are verified by a case study of CDYBIT, a leading platform of food safety big data service in China. The results show that the supermarket supply chain has the highest risk, followed by the group catering supply chain, and the five-star hotel supply chain has the lowest risk. The main risk factors for each supply chain are also discussed, and some suggestions for risk management are provided. This paper contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive and systematic risk assessment framework and system for the GSCAP, which can help agricultural enterprises improve their risk awareness and response capabilities.
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| 35. |
- Yadav, Gunjan, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a lean manufacturing framework to enhance its adoption within manufacturing companies in developing economies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The urgent need to reduce negative corporate environmental impacts while enhancing their financial strength and positive societal benefits is attracting company leaders to implement various quality improvement systems such as lean manufacturing, six sigma, sustainable manufacturing, and circular economy concepts, approaches and technologies. All of these approaches are valuable, with Lean Manufacturing (LM) among the leading systems, if implemented within an appropriate framework. In that context, the objective of the authors was to document the drivers for improving implementation of LM within manufacturing companies. Implementation of LM practices is already providing competitive advantages such as improvements in product quality, productivity, worker health and safety and customer satisfaction in developed countries but has not been widely implemented in companies in developing countries. To help to enhance implementation of LM in developing countries, the authors developed a framework for enhancing the adoption of lean manufacturing processes in such companies. The hybrid Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP)- Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) tools were used as the framework to identify and to quantify the interrelationships among the drivers for implementation of LM. This hybrid approach facilitated documentation of the relative importance and priority of the thirty-one lean manufacturing drivers. The results revealed that improved shop-floor management, quality management, and manufacturing strategy drivers were among the most critical drivers, which enhance LM adoption. These findings are beneficial for company leaders and researchers working to improve environmental, economic and societal health, especially within companies in developing countries. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 36. |
- Zhang, Chengji, et al.
(författare)
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Lithium superoxide-based high rate Li-Air batteries enabled by Di-iridium sulfur bridge active sites
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energy Storage Materials. - 2405-8289 .- 2405-8297. ; 60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Li-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries can potentially provide much higher energy density than Li-ion batteries; however, the practical application of these batteries is hindered due to several drawbacks such as low current rates and high overpotential for the charging process. In this paper, we report a novel Li-Air battery system that operates under high current rates (up to 1mAcm 2) with LiO2 as the primary discharge product instead of the commonly reported Li2O2. This LiO2 based battery at high rates is through a combination of an as-synthesized new onedimensional (1D) transition metal trichalcogenide mid-entropy alloy of SnIrS3.6 as a cathode catalyst and an electrolyte blend with a SnI2 bi-functional additive. It is revealed that SnIrS3.6 has a microporous structure composed of six- and five-coordinated metal atoms, forming octahedral and triangular bipyramids which has not been observed in other layered chalcogeide materials. DFT calculations reveal that the SnIrS3.6 structure can result in LiO2 formation through di-iridium sulfur bridge active sites that results in strong binding of O2 and LiO2 preventing disproportionation to Li2O2 and enabling high rates. This finding will open a new perspective in designing advanced LiO2-based Li-O2 batteries for real practices.
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| 37. |
- Zhou, Jincheng, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative analysis of metaheuristic load balancing algorithms for efficient load balancing in cloud computing
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Cloud Computing. - : Springer. - 2192-113X. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Load balancing is a serious problem in cloud computing that makes it challenging to ensure the proper functioning of services contiguous to the Quality of Service, performance assessment, and compliance to the service contract as demanded from cloud service providers (CSP) to organizations. The primary objective of load balancing is to map workloads to use computing resources that significantly improve performance. Load balancing in cloud computing falls under the class of concerns defined as "NP-hard" issues due to vast solution space. Therefore it requires more time to predict the best possible solution. Few techniques can perhaps generate an ideal solution under a polynomial period to fix these issues. In previous research, Metaheuristic based strategies have been confirmed to accomplish accurate solutions under a decent period for those kinds of issues. This paper provides a comparative analysis of various metaheuristic load balancing algorithms for cloud computing based on performance factors i.e., Makespan time, degree of imbalance, response time, data center processing time, flow time, and resource utilization. The simulation results show the performance of various Meta-heuristic Load balancing methods, based on performance factors. The Particle swarm optimization method performs better in improving makespan, flow time, throughput time, response time, and degree of imbalance.
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