SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Utökad sökning

Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Kumar Santosh) "

Sökning: WFRF:(Kumar Santosh)

  • Resultat 1-50 av 71
Sortera/gruppera träfflistan
   
NumreringReferensOmslagsbildHitta
1.
  • Lozano, Rafael, et al. (författare)
  • Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
  •  
2.
  •  
3.
  • Murray, Christopher J. L., et al. (författare)
  • Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1995-2051
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods: We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10–54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10–14 years and 50–54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15–19 years and 45–49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-component method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Findings: From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46·4–52·0). The TFR decreased from 4·7 livebirths (4·5–4·9) to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·5), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10–19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34–40) to 22 livebirths (19–24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83·8 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197·2% (193·3–200·8) since 1950, from 2·6 billion (2·5–2·6) to 7·6 billion (7·4–7·9) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2·0%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1·1% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2·5% in 1963 to 0·7% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2·7%. The global average age increased from 26·6 years in 1950 to 32·1 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15–64 years) increased from 59·9% to 65·3%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1·0 livebirths (95% UI 0·9–1·2) in Cyprus to a high of 7·1 livebirths (6·8–7·4) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0·08 livebirths (0·07–0·09) in South Korea to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·6) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (TFO30; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0·3 livebirths (0·3–0·4) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3·1 livebirths (3·0–3·2) in Niger. TFO30 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017. 33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2·0% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger. Interpretation: Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
  •  
4.
  • Abbafati, Cristiana, et al. (författare)
  • 2020
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
  •  
5.
  •  
6.
  • Stanaway, Jeffrey D., et al. (författare)
  • Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1923-1994
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.
  •  
7.
  • Beal, Jacob, et al. (författare)
  • Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
  •  
8.
  • Ghosh, Devashish Kumar, et al. (författare)
  • Investigating the drying characteristics of Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A. Rich ex Walp wood
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8440. ; 8:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A. Rich ex Walp is widely used as raw materials in particleboard and match in-dustries in Bangladesh. The current study aimed to identify the drying characteristics of A. Chinensis wood for succeeding industrial usages. A compartment kiln dryer (heat and vent dryer) was used in this study. The drying characteristics and drying quality of A. Chinensis wood were measured. The boards reached 6-10% moisture content in 13 days from their green condition. The total proportions of the check, twist, and collapse in boards were 22.5, 32.5, and 7.3%, respectively. The volumetric shrinkage was 21.67%. Based on this study, further study may help to develop a complete drying schedule of A. Chinensis wood with fewer drying defects for application at industrial level.
  •  
9.
  • Rai, Nilesh, et al. (författare)
  • Fungal Endophytes : an Accessible Source of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Anticancer Activity
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - : Springer. - 0273-2289 .- 1559-0291. ; 194, s. 3296-3319
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Endophytes either be bacteria, fungi, or actinomycetes colonize inside the tissue of host plants without showing any immediate negative effects on them. Among numerous natural alternative sources, fungal endophytes produce a wide range of structurally diverse bioactive metabolites including anticancer compounds. Considering the production of bioactive compounds in low quantity, genetic and physicochemical modification of the fungal endophytes is performed for the enhanced production of bioactive compounds. Presently, for the treatment of cancer, chemotherapy is majorly used, but the side effects of chemotherapy are of prime concern in clinical practices. Also, the drug-resistant properties of carcinoma cells, lack of cancer cells-specific medicine, and the side effects of drugs are the biggest obstacles in cancer treatment. The interminable requirement of potential drugs has encouraged researchers to seek alternatives to find novel bioactive compounds, and fungal endophytes seem to be a probable target for the discovery of anticancer drugs. The present review focuses a comprehensive literature on the major fungal endophyte-derived bioactive compounds which are presently been used for the management of cancer, biotic factors influencing the production of bioactive compounds and about the challenges in the field of fungal endophyte research.
  •  
10.
  • Sarkar, Santosh Kumar, et al. (författare)
  • Chilika lake
  • 2012. - 1
  • Ingår i: Encyclopedia of lakes and reservoirs. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 9781402056161 - 9781402044106 ; , s. 148-156
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
  •  
11.
  • Bentham, James, et al. (författare)
  • A century of trends in adult human height
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
  •  
12.
  • Bentham, James, et al. (författare)
  • A century of trends in adult human height
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
  •  
13.
  • De Neve, Jan-Walter, et al. (författare)
  • Relationship between adolescent anemia and school attendance observed during a nationally representative survey in India
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Communications medicine. - 2730-664X. ; 4:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Anemia has been suggested to be related with schooling outcomes in India. Less is known, however, about whether the observed relationship persists after accounting for all household-level factors which may confound the association between anemia and schooling.METHODS: Nationally representative data on adolescents aged 15-18 years with data on measured hemoglobin level and school attendance were extracted from India's National Family Health Surveys conducted between 2005 and 2021. We compared school attendance between adolescents living in the same household but with varying levels of hemoglobin concentration, while controlling for age and period effects. We assessed heterogeneity in the relationship between anemia and school attendance across anemia severity groups and socio-demographic characteristics.RESULTS: The proportion of adolescents with any anemia is 55.2% (95% CI: 55.0-55.5) among young women and 31.0% (95% CI: 30.6-31.5) among young men. In conventional (between-household) regression models, having any anemia is associated with a 2.5 percentage point reduction (95% CI: 2.1-2.8) in school attendance; however, in household fixed-effects models, anemia has qualitatively small and non-significant effects on school attendance. Our results are consistent using alternative model specifications as well as across anemia severity groups, genders, types of relationship to the household head, household wealth quintiles, and states and union territories in India.CONCLUSIONS: This within-household analysis finds little evidence that anemia is associated with school attendance among adolescents in India. Observational studies likely overstate the connection between anemia and school attendance due to household factors that have not been accounted for.
  •  
14.
  •  
15.
  • Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, et al. (författare)
  • Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 386:10010, s. 2287-2323
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.METHODS: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.FINDINGS: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.INTERPRETATION: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
  •  
16.
  • Griswold, Max G., et al. (författare)
  • Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 392:10152, s. 1015-1035
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older.Methods: Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health.Findings: Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2.2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1.5-3.0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6.8% (5.8-8.0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3.8% (95% UI 3.2-4-3) of female deaths and 12.2% (10.8-13-6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2.3% (95% UI 2.0-2.6) and male attributable DALYs were 8.9% (7.8-9.9). The three leading causes of attributable deaths in this age group were tuberculosis (1.4% [95% UI 1. 0-1. 7] of total deaths), road injuries (1.2% [0.7-1.9]), and self-harm (1.1% [0.6-1.5]). For populations aged 50 years and older, cancers accounted for a large proportion of total alcohol-attributable deaths in 2016, constituting 27.1% (95% UI 21.2-33.3) of total alcohol-attributable female deaths and 18.9% (15.3-22.6) of male deaths. The level of alcohol consumption that minimised harm across health outcomes was zero (95% UI 0.0-0.8) standard drinks per week.Interpretation: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for global disease burden and causes substantial health loss. We found that the risk of all-cause mortality, and of cancers specifically, rises with increasing levels of consumption, and the level of consumption that minimises health loss is zero. These results suggest that alcohol control policies might need to be revised worldwide, refocusing on efforts to lower overall population-level consumption.
  •  
17.
  •  
18.
  • Naghavi, Mohsen, et al. (författare)
  • Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 385:9963, s. 117-171
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Up-to-date evidence on levels and trends for age-sex-specifi c all-cause and cause-specifi c mortality is essential for the formation of global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) we estimated yearly deaths for 188 countries between 1990, and 2013. We used the results to assess whether there is epidemiological convergence across countries. Methods We estimated age-sex-specifi c all-cause mortality using the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data. We generally estimated cause of death as in the GBD 2010. Key improvements included the addition of more recent vital registration data for 72 countries, an updated verbal autopsy literature review, two new and detailed data systems for China, and more detail for Mexico, UK, Turkey, and Russia. We improved statistical models for garbage code redistribution. We used six different modelling strategies across the 240 causes; cause of death ensemble modelling (CODEm) was the dominant strategy for causes with sufficient information. Trends for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias were informed by meta-regression of prevalence studies. For pathogen-specifi c causes of diarrhoea and lower respiratory infections we used a counterfactual approach. We computed two measures of convergence (inequality) across countries: the average relative difference across all pairs of countries (Gini coefficient) and the average absolute difference across countries. To summarise broad findings, we used multiple decrement life-tables to decompose probabilities of death from birth to exact age 15 years, from exact age 15 years to exact age 50 years, and from exact age 50 years to exact age 75 years, and life expectancy at birth into major causes. For all quantities reported, we computed 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We constrained cause-specific fractions within each age-sex-country-year group to sum to all-cause mortality based on draws from the uncertainty distributions. Findings Global life expectancy for both sexes increased from 65.3 years (UI 65.0-65.6) in 1990, to 71.5 years (UI 71.0-71.9) in 2013, while the number of deaths increased from 47.5 million (UI 46.8-48.2) to 54.9 million (UI 53.6-56.3) over the same interval. Global progress masked variation by age and sex: for children, average absolute diff erences between countries decreased but relative diff erences increased. For women aged 25-39 years and older than 75 years and for men aged 20-49 years and 65 years and older, both absolute and relative diff erences increased. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the prominent role of reductions in age-standardised death rates for cardiovascular diseases and cancers in high-income regions, and reductions in child deaths from diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and neonatal causes in low-income regions. HIV/AIDS reduced life expectancy in southern sub-Saharan Africa. For most communicable causes of death both numbers of deaths and age-standardised death rates fell whereas for most non-communicable causes, demographic shifts have increased numbers of deaths but decreased age-standardised death rates. Global deaths from injury increased by 10.7%, from 4.3 million deaths in 1990 to 4.8 million in 2013; but age-standardised rates declined over the same period by 21%. For some causes of more than 100 000 deaths per year in 2013, age-standardised death rates increased between 1990 and 2013, including HIV/AIDS, pancreatic cancer, atrial fibrillation and flutter, drug use disorders, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and sickle-cell anaemias. Diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, neonatal causes, and malaria are still in the top five causes of death in children younger than 5 years. The most important pathogens are rotavirus for diarrhoea and pneumococcus for lower respiratory infections. Country-specific probabilities of death over three phases of life were substantially varied between and within regions. Interpretation For most countries, the general pattern of reductions in age-sex specifi c mortality has been associated with a progressive shift towards a larger share of the remaining deaths caused by non-communicable disease and injuries. Assessing epidemiological convergence across countries depends on whether an absolute or relative measure of inequality is used. Nevertheless, age-standardised death rates for seven substantial causes are increasing, suggesting the potential for reversals in some countries. Important gaps exist in the empirical data for cause of death estimates for some countries; for example, no national data for India are available for the past decade.
  •  
19.
  • Singh, Ajit Kumar, et al. (författare)
  • Low-Loss Paper-Substrate Triple-Band-Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Antenna for Sub-7GHz Applications
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 23:21
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper, a low-cost resin-coated commercial-photo-paper substrate is used to design a printed reconfigurable multiband antenna. The two PIN diodes are used mainly to redistribute the surface current that provides reconfigurable properties to the proposed antenna. The antenna size of 40 mm x 40 mm x 0.44 mm with a partial ground, covers wireless and mobile bands ranging from 1.91 GHz to 6.75 GHz. The parametric analysis is performed to achieve optimized design parameters of the antenna. The U-shaped and C-shaped emitters are meant to function at 2.4 GHz and 5.9 GHz, respectively, while the primary emitter is designed to operate at 3.5 GHz. The proposed antenna achieved peak gain and radiation efficiency of 3.4 dBi and 90%, respectively. Simulated and measured results of the reflection coefficient, radiation pattern, gain, and efficiency show that the antenna design is in favorable agreement. Since the proposed antenna achieved wideband (1.91-6.75 GHz) using PIN diode configuration, using this technique the need for numerous electronic components to provide multiband frequency is avoided.
  •  
20.
  • Alamsetti, Santosh Kumar, et al. (författare)
  • Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination of Propargylic Carbamates and Carbamothioates
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Organic Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1523-7060 .- 1523-7052. ; 16:5, s. 1434-1437
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An efficient and simple methodology was developed for the synthesis of oxazolidinones, oxazolidinthiones, imidazolidinthiones, and imidazolidinones from the corresponding propargylic starting materials using Pd(OAc)(2) and n-Bu4NOAc as catalysts in DCE at room temperature.
  •  
21.
  •  
22.
  • Alay, Özgü, et al. (författare)
  • Monitoring and Analytics (Release B)
  • 2021
  • Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This document describes the design and implementation of the 5GENESIS Monitoring & Analytics (M&A) framework in its Release B, developed within Task T3.3 of the project work plan. M&A Release B leverages and extends M&A Release A, which has been documented in the previous Deliverable D3.5 [1]. In particular, we present new features and enhancements introduced in this new Release compared to the Release A. We also report some examples of usage of the M&A framework, in order to showcase its integrated in the 5GENESIS Reference Architecture. 
  •  
23.
  • Basumatary, Indra Bhusan, et al. (författare)
  • Chitosan-based active coating for pineapple preservation : Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy and shelf-life extension
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie. - : Elsevier BV. - 0023-6438 .- 1096-1127. ; 168, s. 113940-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pineapple is a tropical fruit that is the most economically significant member of the Bromeliaceae family that are rich in flavonoids, phenolic acids, and antioxidants, which protect human cells from free radicals known to cause chronic diseases. However, short postharvest shelf-life of the fruit limits its long-distance distribution and consumption. Chitosan is a positively charged polysaccharide consisting of N-acetyl D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine units that can be used as a promising sustainable biopolymer for active coating of the fruit. In this work, chitosan-based nanocomposite formulations were prepared with added eugenol (clove essential oil) and Aloe vera gel as antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal agents. The results showed that the incorporation of eugenol oil nanoemulsion and Aloe vera gel in the coatings enhanced their physico-chemical and functional properties including antimicrobial activities against four foodborne bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli, Alcaligenes faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis) and two fungal isolates. The developed coatings not only kept the pineapple fresh, but also preserved its quality and prolonged their shelf-life by up to three weeks during storage in ambient conditions.
  •  
24.
  • Brotons-Gisbert, Mauro, et al. (författare)
  • Coulomb blockade in an atomically thin quantum dot coupled to a tunable Fermi reservoir
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Nature Nanotechnology. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1748-3387 .- 1748-3395. ; 14:5, s. 442-446
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Gate-tunable quantum-mechanical tunnelling of particles between a quantum confined state and a nearby Fermi reservoir of delocalized states has underpinned many advances in spintronics and solid-state quantum optics. The prototypical example is a semiconductor quantum dot separated from a gated contact by a tunnel barrier. This enables Coulomb blockade, the phenomenon whereby electrons or holes can be loaded one-by-one into a quantum dot(1,2). Depending on the tunnel-coupling strength(3,4), this capability facilitates single spin quantum bits(1,2,5) or coherent many-body interactions between the confined spin and the Fermi reservoirs(6,7). Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, in which a wide range of unique atomic layers can easily be combined, offer novel prospects to engineer coherent quantum confined spins(8,9), tunnel barriers down to the atomic limit(10) or a Fermi reservoir beyond the conventional flat density of states(11). However, gate-control of vdW nanostructuresu(12-16) at the single particle level is needed to unlock their potential. Here we report Coulomb blockade in a vdW heterostructure consisting of a transition metal dichalcogenide quantum dot coupled to a graphene contact through an atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) tunnel barrier. Thanks to a tunable Fermi reservoir, we can deterministically load either a single electron or a single hole into the quantum dot. We observe hybrid excitons, composed of localized quantum dot states and delocalized continuum states, arising from ultra-strong spin-conserving tunnel coupling through the atomically thin tunnel barrier. Probing the charged excitons in applied magnetic fields, we observe large gyromagnetic ratios (similar to 8). Our results establish a foundation for engineering next-generation devices to investigate either novel regimes of Kondo physics or isolated quantum bits in a vdW heterostructure platform.
  •  
25.
  • Caso, Giuseppe, et al. (författare)
  • Monitoring and Analytics (Release A)
  • 2019
  • Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This document describes the design and implementation of the 5GENESIS Monitoring & Analytics (M&A) framework (Release A), developed within Task T3.3 of the Project work plan.
  •  
26.
  • Chattopadhyay, Tanmoy, et al. (författare)
  • Hard X-Ray Polarization Catalog for a Five-year Sample of Gamma-Ray Bursts Using AstroSat CZT Imager
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 936:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Cadmium Zinc Telluride Imager (CZTI) on board AstroSat has been regularly detecting gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) since its launch in 2015. Its sensitivity to polarization measurements at energies above 100 keV allows CZTI to attempt spectropolarimetric studies of GRBs. Here, we present the first catalog of GRB polarization measurements made by CZTI during its first five years of operation. This includes the time-integrated polarization measurements of the prompt emission of 20 GRBs in the energy range 100-600 keV. The sample includes the bright GRBs that were detected within an angle range of 0 degrees-60 degrees and 120 degrees-180 degrees where the instrument has useful polarization sensitivity and is less prone to systematics. We implement a few new modifications in the analysis to enhance the polarimetric sensitivity of the instrument. The majority of the GRBs in the sample are found to possess less/null polarization across the total bursts' duration in contrast to a small fraction of five GRBs that exhibit high polarization. The low polarization across the bursts might be due either to the burst being intrinsically weakly polarized or to a varying polarization angle within the burst even when it is highly polarized. In comparison to POLAR measurements, CZTI has detected a larger number of cases with high polarization. This may be a consequence of the higher energy window of CZTI observations, which results in the sampling of a shorter duration of burst emissions than POLAR, thereby probing emissions with less temporal variation in polarization properties.
  •  
27.
  • Chattopadhyay, Tanmoy, et al. (författare)
  • Sub-MeV spectroscopy with AstroSat-CZT imager for gamma ray bursts
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of astrophysics and astronomy. - : Springer Nature. - 0250-6335 .- 0973-7758. ; 42:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride Imager (CZTI) onboard AstroSat has been a prolific Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) monitor. While the 2-pixel Compton scattered events (100-300 keV) are used to extract sensitive spectroscopic information, the inclusion of the low-gain pixels (similar to 20% of the detector plane) after careful calibration extends the energy range of Compton energy spectra to 600 keV. The new feature also allows single-pixel spectroscopy of the GRBs to the sub-MeV range which is otherwise limited to 150 keV. We also introduced a new noise rejection algorithm in the analysis ('Compton noise'). These new additions not only enhances the spectroscopic sensitivity of CZTI, but the sub-MeV spectroscopy will also allow proper characterization of the GRBs not detected by Fermi. This article describes the methodology of single, Compton event and veto spectroscopy in 100-900 keV combined for the GRBs detected in the first year of operation. CZTI in last five years has detected similar to 20 bright GRBs. The new methodologies, when applied on the spectral analysis for this large sample of GRBs, has the potential to improve the results significantly and help in better understanding the prompt emission mechanism.
  •  
28.
  • Clark, Andrew G., et al. (författare)
  • Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 450:7167, s. 203-218
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
  •  
29.
  • Danaei, Goodarz, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331288 participants
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - 2213-8595 .- 2213-8587. ; 3:8, s. 624-637
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA(1c). We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions. Methods We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defining diabetes. Diabetes was defined using HbA(1c) (HbA(1c) >= 6 . 5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT definitions (FPG >= 7 . 0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT >= 11 . 1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using different definitions graphically and by regression analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specificity in each survey, and then pooled results using a random-effects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions for study characteristics selected a priori. Findings Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG- or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG alone (r= 0 . 98), but was higher by 2-6 percentage points at different prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA(1c) was lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42 . 8% of age-sex-survey groups and higher in another 41 . 6%; in the other 15 . 6%, the two definitions provided similar prevalence estimates. The variation across studies in the relation between glucose-based and HbA(1c)-based prevalences was partly related to participants' age, followed by natural logarithm of per person gross domestic product, the year of survey, mean BMI, and whether the survey population was national, subnational, or from specific communities. Diabetes defined as HbA(1c) 6 . 5% or more had a pooled sensitivity of 52 . 8% (95% CI 51 . 3-54 . 3%) and a pooled specificity of 99 . 74% (99 . 71-99 . 78%) compared with FPG 7 . 0 mmol/L or more for diagnosing previously undiagnosed participants; sensitivity compared with diabetes defined based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was 30 . 5% (28 . 7-32 . 3%). None of the preselected study-level characteristics explained the heterogeneity in the sensitivity of HbA(1c) versus FPG. Interpretation Different biomarkers and definitions for diabetes can provide different estimates of population prevalence of diabetes, and differentially identify people without previous diagnosis as having diabetes. Using an HbA(1c)-based definition alone in health surveys will not identify a substantial proportion of previously undiagnosed people who would be considered as having diabetes using a glucose-based test.
  •  
30.
  • Das, Bhaswati, et al. (författare)
  • Eugenol and Aloe vera blended natural wax-based coating for preserving postharvest quality of Kaji lemon (Citrus jambhiri)
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Food Chemistry: X. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-1575. ; 22
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Edible coatings on fruits and vegetables preserve postharvest quality by reducing water loss and lowering respiration, and metabolic activities. The primary objectives of this study were to develop composite coating formulations using natural waxes (carnauba and shellac wax), eugenol nanoemulsion, and Aloe vera gel, and assess the potential impacts of the coating formulations on the postharvest quality and shelf-life of the Kaji lemon. The results show that eugenol nanoemulsion and Aloe vera gel enhanced the physico-chemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the developed coating. Notably, the fruits coated with optimized nanocomposite of wax with eugenol and aloe vera gel inclusion (SW + CW/EuNE-20/AVG-2) showed the lowest weight loss (16.56%), while the coatings of wax with only aloe vera gel (SW + CW/AVG-2) exhibited the highest firmness (48 N), in contrast to the control fruit, which had 27.33% weight loss and 9.6 N firmness after 28 days of storage, respectively.
  •  
31.
  • De Adhikari, Amrita, et al. (författare)
  • Polyaniline-Stabilized Intertwined Network-like Ferrocene/Graphene Nanoarchitecture for Supercapacitor Application
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Chemistry - An Asian Journal. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1861-4728 .- 1861-471X. ; 12:8, s. 900-909
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The present work highlights the effective H-p interaction between metallocenes ( ferrocene; Fc) and graphene and their stabilization in the presence of polyaniline ( PANI) through pi-pi interactions. The PANI-stabilized Fc@ graphene nanocomposite ( FcGA) resembled an intertwined network-like morphology with high surface area and porosity, which could make it a potential candidate for energy-storage applications. The relative interactions between the components were assessed through theoretical ( DFT) calculations. The specific capacitance calculated from galvanostatic charging/discharging indicated that the PANI-stabilized ter-nary nanocomposite exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 960 Fg(-) at an energy density of 85 WhKg(-1) and a current density of 1 Ag-. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis confirmed the low internal resistance of the as-prepared nanocomposites, which showed improved charge-transfer properties of graphene after incorporation of Fc and stabilization with PANI. Additionally, all electrodes were found to be stable up to 5000 cycles with a specific capacitance retention of 86%, thus demonstrating the good reversibility and durability of the electrode material.
  •  
32.
  • Dvirnas, Albertas, et al. (författare)
  • Detection of structural variations in densely-labelled optical DNA barcodes: A hidden Markov model approach
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Large-scale genomic alterations play an important role in disease, gene expression, and chromosome evolution. Optical DNA mapping (ODM), commonly categorized into sparsely-labelled ODM and densely-labelled ODM, provides sequence-specific continuous intensity profiles (DNA barcodes) along single DNA molecules and is a technique well-suited for detecting such alterations. For sparsely-labelled barcodes, the possibility to detect large genomic alterations has been investigated extensively, while densely-labelled barcodes have not received as much attention. In this work, we introduce HMMSV, a hidden Markov model (HMM) based algorithm for detecting structural variations (SVs) directly in densely-labelled barcodes without access to sequence information. We evaluate our approach using simulated data-sets with 5 different types of SVs, and combinations thereof, and demonstrate that the method reaches a true positive rate greater than 80% for randomly generated barcodes with single variations of size 25 kilobases (kb). Increasing the length of the SV further leads to larger true positive rates. For a real data-set with experimental barcodes on bacterial plasmids, we successfully detect matching barcode pairs and SVs without any particular assumption of the types of SVs present. Instead, our method effectively goes through all possible combinations of SVs. Since ODM works on length scales typically not reachable with other techniques, our methodology is a promising tool for identifying arbitrary combinations of genomic alterations.
  •  
33.
  • Dvirnas, Albertas, et al. (författare)
  • Facilitated sequence assembly using densely labeled optical DNA barcodes: A combinatorial auction approach
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The output from whole genome sequencing is a set of contigs, i.e. short non-overlapping DNA sequences (sizes 1-100 kilobasepairs). Piecing the contigs together is an especially difficult task for previously unsequenced DNA, and may not be feasible due to factors such as the lack of sufficient coverage or larger repetitive regions which generate gaps in the final sequence. Here we propose a new method for scaffolding such contigs. The proposed method uses densely labeled optical DNA barcodes from competitive binding experiments as scaffolds. On these scaffolds we position theoretical barcodes which are calculated from the contig sequences. This allows us to construct longer DNA sequences from the contig sequences. This proof-of-principle study extends previous studies which use sparsely labeled DNA barcodes for scaffolding purposes. Our method applies a probabilistic approach that allows us to discard "foreign" contigs from mixed samples with contigs from different types of DNA. We satisfy the contig non-overlap constraint by formulating the contig placement challenge as a combinatorial auction problem. Our exact algorithm for solving this problem reduces computational costs compared to previous methods in the combinatorial auction field. We demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed scaffolding method both for synthetic contigs and for contigs obtained using Illumina sequencing for a mixed sample with plasmid and chromosomal DNA.
  •  
34.
  •  
35.
  • Ferreira, Catarina, et al. (författare)
  • Polyphasic characterization of carbapenemresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates suggests vertical transmission of the bla KPC-3 gene
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203 .- 1932-6203. ; 16:2 Febuary
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are a major global threat in healthcare facilities. The propagation of carbapenem resistance determinants can occur through vertical transmission, with genetic elements being transmitted by the host bacterium, or by horizontal transmission, with the same genetic elements being transferred among distinct bacterial hosts. This work aimed to track carbapenem resistance transmission by K. pneumoniae in a healthcare facility. The study involved a polyphasic approach based on conjugation assays, resistance phenotype and genotype analyses, whole genome sequencing, and plasmid characterization by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and optical DNA mapping. Out of 40 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates recovered over two years, five were carbapenem- and multidrug- resistant and belonged to multilocus sequence type ST147. These isolates harboured the carbapenemase encoding blaKPC-3 gene, integrated in conjugative plasmids of 140 kbp or 55 kbp, belonging to replicon types incFIA/incFIIK or incN/incFIIK, respectively. The two distinct plasmids encoding the blaKPC-3 gene were associated with distinct genetic lineages, as confirmed by optical DNA mapping and whole genome sequence analyses. These results suggested vertical (bacterial strain-based) transmission of the carbapenem-resistance genetic elements. Determination of the mode of transmission of antibiotic resistance in healthcare facilities, only possible based on polyphasic approaches as described here, is essential to control resistance propagation.
  •  
36.
  • Fred, Rikard G., et al. (författare)
  • Imatinib mesylate stimulates low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1-mediated ERK phosphorylation in insulin-producing cells
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Clinical Science. - 0143-5221 .- 1470-8736. ; 128:1, s. 17-28
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is an endocytic and multi-functional type I cell surface membrane protein, which is known to be phosphorylated by the activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib, which inhibits PDGFR and c-Abl, and which has previously been reported to counteract beta-cell death and diabetes, has been suggested to reduce atherosclerosis by inhibiting PDGFR-induced LRP1 phosphorylation. The aim of the present study was to study LRP1 function in beta-cells and to what extent imatinib modulates LRP1 activity. LRP1 and c-Abl gene knockdown was performed by RNAi using rat INS-1 832/13 and human EndoC1-beta H1 cells. LRP1 was also antagonized by treatment with the antagonist low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein associated protein 1 (LRPAP1). We have used PDGF-BB, a PDGFR agonist, and apolipoprotein E (ApoE), an LRP1 agonist, to stimulate the activities of PDGFR and LRP1 respectively. Knockdown or inhibition of LRP1 resulted in increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)(-) or cytokine-induced cell death, and glucose-induced insulin release was lowered in LRP1-silenced cells. These results indicate that LRP1 function is necessary for beta-cell function and that LRP1 is adversely affected by challenges to beta-cell health. PDGF-BB, or the combination of PDGF-BB+ApoE, induced phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Akt and LRP1. LRP1 silencing blocked this event. Imatinib blocked phosphorylation of LRP1 by PDGFR activation but induced phosphorylation of ERK. LRP1 silencing blocked imatinib-induced phosphorylation of ERK. Sunitinib also blocked LRP1 phosphorylation in response to PDGF-BB and induced phosphorylation of ERK, but this latter event was not affected by LRP1 knockdown. siRNA-mediated knockdown of the imatinib target c-Abl resulted in an increased ERK phosphorylation at basal conditions, with no further increase in response to imatinib. Imatinib-induced cell survival of tunicamycin-treated cells was partially mediated by ERK activation. We have concluded that imatinib promotes LRP1-dependent ERK activation, possibly via inhibition of c-Abl, and that this could contribute to the pro-survival effects of imatinib on beta-cells.
  •  
37.
  • Khan, Sajid, et al. (författare)
  • A symmetric D flip-flop based PUF with improved uniqueness
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Microelectronics and reliability. - : Elsevier. - 0026-2714 .- 1872-941X. ; 106
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Physically unclonable functions (PUF) emerged as security primitives that generate high entropy, temper resilient bits for security applications. However, the implementation area budget limits their use in lightweight applications such as IoT, RFID, and biomedical applications. In the form of SRAM or D flip-flop, intrinsic PUFs are abundantly available in almost all of the designs. Being an integral part of the design, they can be used with compromised performance. In this work, to address the usage of intrinsic PUF, a D flip-flop based lightweight PUF is proposed. The proposed architecture is implemented on 40 nm CMOS technology. The simulation results show that it offers a uniqueness of 0.502 and the worst-case reliability of 95.89% at high temperature 125 °C and 97.89% at a supply voltage of 1.2 V. To evaluate the performance of various PUF architectures, A novel term, the uniqueness-to-reliability ratio, is proposed. When compared to the conventional D flip-flop, it offers 4.491 times more uniqueness and 127.74 times more uniqueness-to-reliability ratio with the same layout area. Since it uses the symmetrical structure, unlike other architectures, the proposed architecture does not require any post-processing schemes for bias removal, which further saves the silicon area. To verify the functional correctness of the simulation results, an FPGA implementation of the conventional and proposed D Flip-flop is also presented.
  •  
38.
  • Khan, Sajid, et al. (författare)
  • An ultra-low power, reconfigurable, aging resilient RO PUF for IoT applications
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Microelectronics Journal. - : Elsevier. - 0959-8324 .- 0026-2692. ; 92
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Physically Unclonable Functions (PUF) have emerged as security primitives which can generate high entropy, temper resilient bits for security applications. However, the power budget of the ring oscillator (RO) PUF limits the use of RO PUF in IoT applications, in this concern a low power variant of RO PUF is much needed. In this paper, we have presented an ultra-low power, lightweight, configurable RO PUF based on the 4T XOR architecture. The proposed architecture is aging resilient; hence it produces a stable PUF output over the years. Also, it has a large number of challenge-response-pair (CRP) compared to the other architectures, which makes it suitable for chip identification as well as cryptographic key generation. The proposed PUF is implemented on 40 nm CMOS technology, and for the validation of design, we have also implemented on FPGA. The simulation results show that it has a uniqueness of 0.489 and worst-case reliability of 96.43% and 93.15% at 125 °C and 1.2 V, respectively. Compared to the conventional RO PUF it consumes 98.06% and 95.47% less dynamic and leakage power, respectively.
  •  
39.
  • Khan, Sajid, et al. (författare)
  • D flip-flop based TRNG with zero hardware cost for IoT security applications
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Microelectronics and reliability. - : Elsevier. - 0026-2714 .- 1872-941X. ; 120
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • System-on-chips (SoCs) for the Internet of things (IoT) applications require hardware-based integrated random number generators for the secure transmission of information. However, they have limited hardware and power budget, which limits the use of on-chip dedicated True Random Number Generator (TRNG). In this work, a symmetric D flip-flop with integrated TRNG is proposed. The proposed architecture is implemented using a standard 40 nm CMOS technology. The post-layout simulation results show that it offers good randomness with low energy-per-bit. In addition, the circuit has passed all the tests of NIST without any post-processing. When compared with the conventional D flip-flop, it has almost negligible area overhead that is only 0.14%. An FPGA implementation is also presented as a proof of concept that confirms the simulation results. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) key expansion algorithm is also implemented to demonstrate the dual usage of the proposed D flip-flop.
  •  
40.
  • Khan, Sajid, et al. (författare)
  • Dual-Edge Triggered Lightweight Implementation of AES for IoT Security
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: VLSI Design and Test. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789813297661 ; , s. 298-307
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Internet of Things (IoT) is now a growing part of our life. More than 10 billion devices are already connected, and more are expected to be deployed in the next coming years. To provide a practical solution for security, privacy and trust is the main concern for deploying IoT in such a large scale. For security and privacy in IoT, cryptography is the required solutions. AES algorithm is a well known, highly secure and symmetric key algorithm, but the area and power budget of AES makes it unsuitable for IoT Security. In this paper, we have presented a lightweight implementation of AES, with dual-edge triggered S-box. The proposed architecture has been implemented on FPGA as well as in ASIC on 180 nm technology. The proposed architecture uses a 32-bit data path to encrypt 128-bit plain-text with 128-bit cipher-key. ASIC implementation of the proposed architecture results in low-power (122.7 μ" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-table; line-height: normal; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">μμW at 1 V) consumption with a reduction in the hardware overhead by 30% and a throughput of 23 Mbps at 10 MHz clock frequency.
  •  
41.
  • Khan, Sajid, et al. (författare)
  • Utilizing manufacturing variations to design a tri-state flip-flop PUF for IoT security applications
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing. - : Springer. - 0925-1030 .- 1573-1979. ; 103:3, s. 477-492
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Physically unclonable functions (PUF) are digital fingerprints which generate high entropy, temper-resilient keys and/or chip-identifiers for security applications. When considering the miniaturized hardware development for the Internet of Things (IoT), security is of high importance. In this case, PUF designing using SRAM or D flip-flops are quite common but with compromised uniqueness due to the limited silicon area. In this work, a symmetric tri-state D flip-flop based lightweight PUF is proposed with increased uniqueness. The proposed architecture is implemented using a standard 40 nm CMOS technology. The post-layout simulation results show that it offers a uniqueness of 0.4994, which is the highest among all the considered architectures. Compared to the Arbiter PUF the proposed architecture has 0.267 , 0.064 , and 0.043 less, power, silicon area, and energy per bit, respectively. Similarly, when compared with the Ring Oscillator PUF, the proposed architecture has 0.017 , 0.031 , and 0.0005 less, power, silicon area, and energy per bit, respectively. Also, unlike other flip-flop based PUF, the proposed one does not require any post-processing block to remove the bias, thus contributes to saving the total implementation area and power of the system. An FPGA implementation is also presented as a proof-of-concept to verify functional correctness. For a better performance comparison among the considered architectures, a novel figure of merit (FOM) considering power, reliability, delay, silicon area, and uniqueness has been proposed, and it is observed that the proposed architecture offers the highest FOM among considered PUF architectures.
  •  
42.
  • Krog, Jens, et al. (författare)
  • Stochastic unfolding of nanoconfined DNA: Experiments, model and Bayesian analysis
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 149:21
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Nanochannels provide a means for detailed experiments on the effect of confinement on biomacro-molecules, such as DNA. Here we introduce a model for the complete unfolding of DNA from the circular to linear configuration. Two main ingredients are the entropic unfolding force and the friction coefficient for the unfolding process, and we describe the associated dynamics by a non-linear Langevin equation. By analyzing experimental data where DNA molecules are photo-cut and unfolded inside a nanochannel, our model allows us to extract values for the unfolding force as well as the friction coefficient for the first time. In order to extract numerical values for these physical quantities, we employ a recently introduced Bayesian inference framework. We find that the determined unfolding force is in agreement with estimates from a simple Flory-type argument. The estimated friction coefficient is in agreement with theoretical estimates for motion of a cylinder in a channel. We further validate the estimated friction constant by extracting this parameter from DNA's center-of -mass motion before and after unfolding, yielding decent agreement. We provide publically available software for performing the required image and Bayesian analysis. Published by AIP Publishing.
  •  
43.
  • Kumar Bikarolla, Santosh, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Optical DNA Mapping Combined with Cas9-Targeted Resistance Gene Identification for Rapid Tracking of Resistance Plasmids in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Outbreak
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: mBio. - : AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY. - 2161-2129 .- 2150-7511. ; 10:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The global spread of antibiotic resistance among Enterobacteriaceae is largely due to multidrug resistance plasmids that can transfer between different bacterial strains and species. Horizontal gene transfer of resistance plasmids can complicate hospital outbreaks and cause problems in epidemiological tracing, since tracing is usually based on bacterial clonality. We have developed a method, based on optical DNA mapping combined with Cas9-assisted identification of resistance genes, which is used here to characterize plasmids during an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae outbreak at a Swedish neonatal intensive care unit. The outbreak included 17 neonates initially colonized with ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP), some of which were found to carry additional ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) in follow-up samples. We demonstrate that all ESBL-KP isolates contained two plasmids with the blaCTX-M-15 gene located on the smaller one (~80 kbp). The same ESBL-KP clone was present in follow-up samples for up to 2 years in some patients, and the plasmid carrying the blaCTX-M-15 gene was stable throughout this time period. However, extensive genetic rearrangements within the second plasmid were observed in the optical DNA maps for several of the ESBL-KP isolates. Optical mapping also demonstrated that even though other bacterial clones and species carrying blaCTX-M group 1 genes were found in some neonates, no transfer of resistance plasmids had occurred. The data instead pointed toward unrelated acquisition of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (EPE). In addition to revealing important information about the specific outbreak, the method presented is a promising tool for surveillance and infection control in clinical settings.IMPORTANCE This study presents how a novel method, based on visualizing single plasmids using sequence-specific fluorescent labeling, could be used to analyze the genetic dynamics of an outbreak of resistant bacteria in a neonatal intensive care unit at a Swedish hospital. Plasmids are a central reason for the rapid global spread of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In a single experimental procedure, this method replaces many traditional plasmid analysis techniques that together provide limited details and are slow to perform. The method is much faster than long-read whole-genome sequencing and offers direct genetic comparison of patient samples. We could conclude that no transfer of resistance plasmids had occurred between different bacteria during the outbreak and that secondary cases of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae carriage were instead likely due to influx of new strains. We believe that the method offers potential in improving surveillance and infection control of resistant bacteria in hospitals.
  •  
44.
  • Kumar, Rajesh Sai Santosh, et al. (författare)
  • A continuum damage model for linear viscoelastic composite materials
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Mechanics of materials. - 0167-6636 .- 1872-7743. ; 35:3-6, s. 463-480
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents a constitutive model for linear viscoelastic orthotropic solids containing a fixed level of distributed cracks. The model is formulated in a continuum damage mechanics framework using internal variables taken as second rank tensors. Use is made of the correspondence principle for linear viscoelastic solids to define a pseudo strain energy function in the Laplace domain. This function is then expressed as a polynomial in transformed strain and tensorial damage variables using the integrity bases restricted by the initial orthotropic symmetry of the material. The constitutive relationships derived in the Laplace domain are then converted to the time domain by using the inverse Laplace transform. The model is applied to the specific case of cross-ply laminates with transverse matrix cracks. The material coefficient functions appearing in the model are determined by a numerical (finite element) method for one cross-ply laminate configuration at one damage level. Predictions of the viscoelastic response are then made for the same laminate at other damage levels and for other cross-ply laminate configurations at different damage levels. These predictions agree well with independently determined time variations of properties by an analytic method (Kumar and Talreja, 2001, Linear viscoelastic behavior of matrix cracked cross-ply laminates. Mechanics of Materials 33 (3), 139-154) as well as with the numerically calculated values. Extension of the model to incorporate effects of transient temperature, physical aging and moisture is outlined
  •  
45.
  • Kumar, Rajesh Sai Santosh, et al. (författare)
  • Linear viscoelastic behavior of matrix cracked cross-ply laminates
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Mechanics of materials. - 0167-6636 .- 1872-7743. ; 33:3, s. 139-154
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The linear viscoelastic behavior of matrix cracked symmetric cross-ply laminates is studied. A lower bound solution and an approximate 3D solution to the properties are obtained by using the elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle. The accuracy of Schapery's approximate Laplace inversion technique in the solution procedure is discussed
  •  
46.
  • Kumar, Santosh, et al. (författare)
  • An overview of natural biopolymers in food packaging
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Biopolymer-Based Food Packaging. - : Wiley. ; , s. 1-28
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of various biopolymers and their properties and applications in food packaging and preservation. Biopolymers can be grouped into two broad categories depending on the process of obtaining them: polymers derived from biomass and polymers synthesized from monomers (obtained from biomass). Biomass-derived polymers include polysaccharide, protein, lipid, peptide, polyhydroxyalkanoate, and gum that are directly obtained from plants, animals, and microorganisms either by fermentation or by chemical method. Biopolymers and their composites have emerged as alternatives to conventional synthetic plastics for fabrication of films and coatings for food packaging applications. Contemporary and future researches have been and continue to be devoted to large-scale manufacturing and commercialization of biopolymer-based food packaging systems in order to reduce the burden of synthetic plastics on our environment.
  •  
47.
  • Kumar, Santosh, et al. (författare)
  • Biodegradable Hybrid Nanocomposite of Chitosan/Gelatin and Green Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Food Packaging
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Foods. - : MDPI. - 2304-8158. ; 9:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the context of emerging global concerns with synthetic plastic packaging, alternative natural biodegradable packaging materials are gaining increasing attention for food packaging applications. In this study, chitosan and gelatin nanocomposite hybrid films containing green synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were developed and microstructural properties were studied. Antimicrobial activity of the developed films was evaluated using both Gram negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Green synthesis protocol was used for the precipitation of ZnO NPs using fruit extract of Cassia fistula. The as-synthesized polyhedral ZnO NPs were in the range of 20-40 nm (average size approximate to 29 nm). Reinforcement with ZnO NPs in the hybrid films lead to improved thermal stability, elongation-at-break (EAB), and compactness properties. The developed films with 2% and 4% ZnO NPs showed a smooth, compact, and heterogeneous surface morphology compared to the control (chitosan-gelatin hybrid) films. Disc diffusion assays showed that the nanocomposite film had significant antimicrobial activity against E. coli. The developed hybrid nanocomposite films have potential to be developed as biodegradable alternative for postharvest packaging of fresh fruits and vegetables.
  •  
48.
  •  
49.
  • Kumar, Santosh, et al. (författare)
  • Biopolymer-Based Food Packaging : Innovations and Technology Applications
  • 2022
  • Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Biopolymer-Based Food Packaging Explore the latest developments and advancements in biopolymer-based food packaging In Biopolymer-Based Food Packaging: Innovations and Technology Applications, a team of accomplished researchers delivers a complete, systematic, and sequential account of the contemporary developments in the application of biopolymers for sustainable food packaging. This book introduces the fabrication, characterization as well as benefits arising from the enhanced functionalities of biopolymer-based food packaging materials. The authors introduce various polysaccharide, protein, and microbial polymer-based food packaging films and coatings, as well as biopolymer-based blends and nanocomposites. Importance of these materials as active and intelligent food packaging systems is also introduced. Finally, the book explores biopolymer-based edible food packaging, and its efficacy in extending the shelf-life of perishable food items using sustainable materials and processes suitable for the future of circular economies around the world. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to the incorporation of nanomaterials as fillers to improve the physico-chemical, mechanical, thermal, barrier, optical, and antimicrobial properties of food packaging nanocomposites Comprehensive discussions of the use of plant-based bioactive compounds, including essential oils, in biopolymer-based food packaging Practical examinations of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles in food packaging In-depth treatments of polylactic acid-based composites for food packaging applications Biopolymer-Based Food Packaging: Innovations and Technology Applications is an invaluable resource for academic researchers and professionals in food packaging and related industries, as well as research scholars, graduate students, and entrepreneurs working and studying in the field of food preservation, environmental safety, and human health with a focus on the sustainable future.
  •  
50.
  • Kumar, Santosh, et al. (författare)
  • Chitosan based nanocomposite films and coatings : Emerging antimicrobial food packaging alternatives
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Trends in Food Science & Technology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON. - 0924-2244 .- 1879-3053. ; 97, s. 196-209
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Demand for healthy and safe food with minimal use of synthetic inputs (including synthetic preservatives) is increasing rapidly. Plastic polymers being hazardous to the environment, significant efforts have been devoted to evaluate various bio-based polymers as alternatives to synthetic plastic packaging. Chitin and its deacetylated derivative, chitosan, is primarily a by-product of crustacean, fish and seafood processing and handling. Chitosan possesses antimicrobial activities and film forming property, making them attractive bio-polymers for food packaging and food preservation applications applied through spraying, dipping, coating, or wrapping by films. Scope and approach: This comprehensive review of contemporary research focuses on applications of chitosan and chitosan based nanocomposites in the area of food packaging and preservation. It includes different properties and functionalities of chitosan, various blends and nanocomposites of chitosan, their fabrication techniques, and applications in shelf life extension of fruits, vegetables, meat and fish products. Key findings and conclusions: Chitosan is an attractive alternative to synthetic plastics polymers due to its bio-degradability, antimicrobial activity, and film forming properties. Incorporation of nanomaterials into chitosan based food-packaging systems can prevent the growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, improve food quality and safety, and extend shelf-life of food. It has been reported that applications of chitosan-based films or coatings or treatments have resulted in shelf life extension of fresh produce, meat products, bread, and dairy products such as cheese which has been highlighted.
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Resultat 1-50 av 71
Typ av publikation
tidskriftsartikel (58)
konferensbidrag (4)
forskningsöversikt (3)
bokkapitel (3)
rapport (2)
bok (1)
visa fler...
visa färre...
Typ av innehåll
refereegranskat (68)
övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt (3)
Författare/redaktör
Dutta, Joydeep, Prof ... (13)
Farzadfar, Farshad (12)
Geleijnse, Johanna M ... (12)
Jonas, Jost B. (12)
Khang, Young-Ho (12)
Shiri, Rahman (12)
visa fler...
Brenner, Hermann (11)
Khader, Yousef Saleh (11)
Lotufo, Paulo A. (11)
McKee, Martin (10)
Cooper, Cyrus (10)
Kasaeian, Amir (10)
Malekzadeh, Reza (10)
Qorbani, Mostafa (10)
Sepanlou, Sadaf G. (10)
Alkerwi, Ala'a (10)
Chouhan, Shailesh Si ... (9)
Nagel, Gabriele (9)
Esteghamati, Alireza (8)
Mendoza, Walter (8)
Werdecker, Andrea (8)
Xu, Gelin (8)
Bennett, Derrick A. (8)
Kim, Daniel (8)
Topor-Madry, Roman (8)
Yano, Yuichiro (8)
Hay, Simon I. (7)
Badawi, Alaa (7)
Bensenor, Isabela M. (7)
Bernabe, Eduardo (7)
Feigin, Valery L. (7)
Kimokoti, Ruth W. (7)
Miller, Ted R. (7)
Mokdad, Ali H. (7)
Naghavi, Mohsen (7)
Pereira, David M. (7)
Rivera, Juan A. (7)
Vollset, Stein Emil (7)
Vos, Theo (7)
Yonemoto, Naohiro (7)
Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (7)
Kosen, Soewarta (7)
Mensah, George A. (7)
Rafay, Anwar (7)
Salomon, Joshua A. (7)
Santos, Itamar S. (7)
Sawhney, Monika (7)
Tonelli, Marcello (7)
Westerman, Ronny (7)
Allebeck, Peter (7)
visa färre...
Lärosäte
Uppsala universitet (20)
Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (18)
Luleå tekniska universitet (17)
Lunds universitet (15)
Umeå universitet (13)
Karolinska Institutet (13)
visa fler...
Chalmers tekniska högskola (12)
Göteborgs universitet (10)
Högskolan Dalarna (9)
Stockholms universitet (4)
Mittuniversitetet (2)
Södertörns högskola (2)
Karlstads universitet (2)
Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet (2)
Linköpings universitet (1)
Jönköping University (1)
RISE (1)
visa färre...
Språk
Engelska (71)
Forskningsämne (UKÄ/SCB)
Naturvetenskap (28)
Teknik (26)
Medicin och hälsovetenskap (22)
Samhällsvetenskap (3)
Lantbruksvetenskap (1)
Humaniora (1)

År

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Stäng

Kopiera och spara länken för att återkomma till aktuell vy