| 1. |
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5-HT1A targeting PARCEST agent DO3AM-MPP with potential for receptor imaging : Synthesis, physico-chemical and MR studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bioorganic chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0045-2068. ; 106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contrast enhancement in MRI using magnetization or saturation transfer techniques promises better sensitivity, and faster acquisition compared to T-1 or T-2 contrast. This work reports the synthesis and evaluation of 5-HT1A targeted PARACEST MRI contrast agent using 1,4,7,10-tetraazacycloDOdecane-4,7,10-triacetAMide (DO3AM) as the bifunctional chelator, and 5-HT1A-antagonist methoxyphenyl piperazine (MPP) as a targeting unit. The multistep synthesis led to the MPP conjugated DO3AM with 60% yield. CEST-related physicochemical parameters were evaluated after loading DO3AM-MPP with paramagnetic MRI active lanthanides: Gadolinium (Gd-DO3AM-MPP) and Europium (Eu-DO3AM-MPP). Luminescence lifetime measurements with Eu-DO3AM-MPP and computational DFT studies using Gd-DO3AM-MPP revealed the coordination of one water molecule (q = 1.43) with metal-water distance (r(M)-H2O) of 2.7 angstrom and water residence time (tau(m)) of 0.23 ms. The dissociation constant of K-d 62 +/- 0.02 pM as evaluated from fluorescence quenching of 5-HT1A (protein) and docking score of -4.81 in theoretical evaluation reflect the binding potential of the complex Gd-DO3AM-MPP with the receptor 5-HT1A. Insights of the docked pose reflect the importance of NH2 (amide) and aromatic ring in Gd-DO3AM-MPP while interacting with Ser 374 and Phe 370 in the antagonist binding pocket of 5-HT1A. Gd-DO3AM-MPP shows longitudinal relaxivity 5.85 mM(-1)s(-1) with a water residence lifetime of 0.93 ms in hippocampal homogenate containing 5-HT1A. The potentiometric titration of DO3AM-MPP showed strong selectivity for Gd3+ over physiological metal ions such as Zn2+ and Cu2+. The in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the minimal cytotoxicity and presential binding of Gd-DO3AM-MPP with 5-HT1A receptor in the hippocampus region of the mice. Summarizing, the complex Gd-DO3AM-MPP can have a potential for CEST imaging of 5-HT1A receptors.
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| 2. |
- Alizadehsani, Roohallah, et al.
(författare)
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Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Drug Discovery and Development: A Comprehensive Survey
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 2169-3536. ; 12, s. 35796-35812
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of drug discovery has experienced a remarkable transformation with the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies. However, as these AI and ML models are becoming more complex, there is a growing need for transparency and interpretability of the models. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a novel approach that addresses this issue and provides a more interpretable understanding of the predictions made by machine learning models. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the application of XAI techniques to drug discovery. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in XAI for drug discovery, including various XAI methods, their application in drug discovery, and the challenges and limitations of XAI techniques in drug discovery. The article also covers the application of XAI in drug discovery, including target identification, compound design, and toxicity prediction. Furthermore, the article suggests potential future research directions for the application of XAI in drug discovery. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of XAI in drug discovery and its potential to transform the field.
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| 3. |
- Arul, A.J, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability analysis of safety grade decay heat removal system of Indian prototype fast breeder reactor
- 2006
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Ingår i: Annals of Nuclear Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4549. ; 33:2, s. 180-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 500MW Indian pool type Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR), is provided with two independent and diverse Decay Heat Removal (DHR) systems viz., Operating Grade Decay Heat Removal System (OGDHRS) and Safety Grade Decay Heat Removal System (SGDHRS). OGDHRS utilizes the secondary sodium loops and Steam–Water System with special decay heat removal condensers for DHR function. The unreliability of this system is of the order of 0.1–0.01. The safety requirements of the present generation of fast reactors are very high, and specifically for DHR function the failure frequency should be less than 1E-7/ry. Therefore, a passive SGDHR system using four completely independent thermo-siphon loops in natural convection mode is provided to ensure adequate core cooling for all Design Basis Events. The very high reliability requirement for DHR function is achieved mainly with the help of SGDHRS. This paper presents the reliability analysis of SGDHR system. Analysis is performed by Fault Tree method using "CRAFT" software developed at Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research. This software has special features for compact representation and CCF analysis of high redundancy safety systems encountered in nuclear reactors. Common Cause Failures (CCF) are evaluated by beta-factor method. The reliability target for SGDHRS arrived from DHR reliability requirement and the ultimate number of demands per year (7/y) on SGDHRS is that the failure frequency should be <=1.4E-8/de. Since it is found from the analysis that the unreliability of SGDHRS with identical loops is 5.2E-6/de and dominated by leak rates of components like AHX, DHX and sodium dump and isolation valves, options with diversity measures in important components were studied. The failure probability of SGDHRS for a design consisting of 2 types of diverse loops (Diverse AHX, DHX and sodium dump and isolation valves) is 2.1E-8/de, which practically meets the reliability requirement.
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| 4. |
- Aslam, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Computation of multidimensional poverty index: A case study
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research. - : The World Academy of Research in Science and Engineering. - 2347-3983. ; 7, s. 262-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019, World Academy of Research in Science and Engineering. All rights reserved. Microfinance can play important role in alleviating poverty. Most marginal people have intention and capability to start small revenue generating activities. However, they are lack of finance to materialize their dreams. Microfinance may be one of the way for potential small entrepreneurs to acquire necessary inputs to start their activities. Government and international agencies are trying to eliminate poverty through microfinance programs, services and guidelines. This effort may be able to generate revenue and new jobs that can eradicate poverty. With this concept, Microfinance had been hosted primarily in Bangladesh and later replicated in other part of the world. Grameen Bank (GB) has been serving large number of people below poverty level in Bangladesh. However, both positive and negative impacts of microfinance on poverty have been visible in several studies that make microfinance still questionable. Therefore, this study intent to construct Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) measuring the incidence and intensity of the poverty among GB borrowers. It compares MPI of participant borrowers with non-participant borrowers of GB for observing the effect of microfinance. The results show that microfinance has positive impacts for participant borrowers as their index is relatively lower compared to non-participant borrowers. Hence, microfinance appears as an effective instrument for poverty alleviation.
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| 5. |
- Aslam, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of microfinance on poverty: Qualitative analysis for grameen bank borrowers
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Financial Research. - : Sciedu Press. - 1923-4023 .- 1923-4031. ; 11:1, s. 49-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019, Sciedu Press. Poverty is economic, social, political and even moral issue all over the world. Microfinance has been designed to eliminate poverty and may help marginal people to materialize their dreams. Microfinance has been formalized primarily in Bangladesh with this concept. Grameen Bank (GB) has been serving large number of people below poverty level here. Initially, microfinance institutions have been supported by the Government or Donor assuming its positive impact on borrowers. However, ambiguous impacts have been reported in several studies that make microfinance questionable. Therefore, this study intent to measure the impact of microfinance on GB borrowers through the process of qualitative changes in borrowers lives. The process has been measured by some case studies for participant and non-participant borrowers using Modified Household Economic Portfolio Model (M-HEPM). Our qualitative analysis shows that microfinance makes positive changes in the process of borrowers lives observed through financial and activity diaries of the borrowers.
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| 6. |
- Aslam, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting likelihood for loan default among bank borrowers
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Financial Research. - : Sciedu Press. - 1923-4023 .- 1923-4031. ; 11:1, s. 318-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019, Sciedu Press. Poverty is a threat to the world. In its extreme form at any part of the world, it will make endanger rest of the world. In fact, it is the source of crime and the worst form of violence. The poor people do not commit any crime but they get punishment out of being bom as a poor that is not controllable in then hand. Microfinance has been designed to eliminate poverty and help marginal and poor people through small income generating activities. The borrowers need capital to materialize their dream, may be in a small amount and microfinance can play important role in this scenario. Through microfinance. small entrepreneurs may acquire necessary inputs to start their business. Both local governments and international agencies are trying to eliminate poverty through microfinance programs, services and guidelines. With this concept. Microfinance has been hosted primarily in Bangladesh. Grameen Bank (GB) has been serving large number of people below poverty level in Bangladesh. However, impact of microfinance is still questionable in several studies. Microfinance used properly and returned back to the lender with stipulated amount and time shows its working effectively for poverty alleviation. Otherwise, there must be loan default and the whole system may be in question. We survey with questionnaire to find out factors contributing to loan default among GB borrowers using binomial logistic regression. The results showed that some factors were crucial for loan default and should be treated properly at the start of lending.
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| 7. |
- Aslam, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Social versus financial performance of microfinance: Bangladesh perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Research in World Economy. - : Sciedu Press. - 1923-3981 .- 1923-399X. ; 10:3, s. 263-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019, Sciedu Press. Microfinance is a tool designed for poverty alleviation by providing financial services more specifically small credit to the poor household for income generating activities. One of the better ways to help poor people for poverty alleviation is through giving them financial services that cannot be done in traditional banking system. However, there is a big question whether it is possible to provide those services for a financial institution without being sustainable financially. How far it can go with free lunch that is depending on donors' fluid. These two patterns place microfinance at the intersection. One may wonder whether the microfinance compromises a trade-offbetween serving the poor as social objective and attaining financial sustainability as financial objective. If microfinance institute wishes to get financial sustainability through profit maximization rather ignoring intended social objective of alleviating poverty, than it loses its momentum and becomes like other traditional financial institute. Fulfilling social objective with financial sustainability will be the optimum outcome of microfinance. Microfinance has been pioneered primarily in Bangladesh and later replicated in rest of the world. By this time, over 33 million of clients are being served (with various financial and non-financial services by over 700 registered microfinance institute in Bangladesh. This study intent to measure the social outreach versus financial sustainability of microfinance institute in Bangladesh through panel data analysis. To do this, we have analyzed the relationship between financial performance and depth of outreach of top 20 microfinance institutes of Bangladesh from 2015 to 2017. Our results show that the relationship is positive or neutral in some cases. Therefore, microfinance in Bangladesh has been attaining both social and financial objectives and there appears no mission drift.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Aydin, Juhanes, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and catalytic application of chiral 1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol- and biphenanthrol-based pincer complexes: selective allylation of sulfonimines with allyl stannane and allyl trifluoroborate.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-3263 .- 1520-6904. ; 72:13, s. 4689-4697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New easily accessible 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol- (BINOL-) and biphenanthrol-based chiral pincer complex catalysts were prepared for selective (up to 85% enantiomeric excess) allylation of sulfonimines. The chiral pincer complexes were prepared by a flexible modular approach allowing an efficient tuning of the selectivity of the catalysts. By employment of the different enantiomeric forms of the catalysts, both enantiomers of the homoallylic amines could be selectively obtained. Both allyl stannanes and allyl trifluoroborates can be employed as allyl sources in the reactions. The biphenanthrol-based complexes gave higher selectivity than the substituted BINOL-based analogues, probably because of the well-shaped chiral pocket generated by employment of the biphenanthrol complexes. The enantioselective allylation of sulfonimines presented in this study has important implications for the mechanism given for the pincer complex-catalyzed allylation reactions, confirming that this process takes place without involvement of palladium(0) species.
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| 11. |
- Chandran, Senthil Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient scheduling with adaptive fault tolerance in heterogeneous multiprocessor systems
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering (ICCEE). - Chengdu, China.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterogeneous multiprocessor systems are becoming more common and scheduling real-time tasks on them is an extremely challenging research problem. While the stringent functional and timing requirements are to be met, this problem becomes even more difficult in dynamic environments, for example, caused by processor failures. Furthermore, in safety critical applications having tasks with mixed criticality levels, guaranteeing adaptive fault tolerance to meet the reliability requirements adds another complex dimension. The key contribution of our research is a framework for task allocation and scheduling in the above context, which has a generic task model enabling task-level redundancy, a range of reconfiguration/task migration options during processor failures and definition of a set of performance metrics. We have addressed the issues of both timeliness and reliability under three different allocation strategies for a multiprocessor system with the feasibility check being performed using the well-known Rate Monotonic (RM) schedulability test. The algorithm presented in this paper, ensures that all required deadlines are met with efficient processor utilization under normal conditions and guarantees essential operations even during processor failures. In real-time multiprocessor systems used in safety critical applications, the proposed approach is expected to provide better utilization of resources and guarantees with respect to the system reliability. We demonstrate as well as evaluate the performance of our approach by simulation studies on task scheduling in heterogeneous multiprocessor environments.
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| 12. |
- Chandran, Senthil Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling uncertainties in the estimation of software reliability : A pragmatic approach
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2010 Fourth International Conference on Secure Software Integration and Reliability Improvement, SSIRI 2010. - : IEEE. ; , s. 227-236
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing usage of computer based systems for safety critical operations in applications such as nuclear, space, and automotive systems demands a systematic way of estimating software reliability. The high reliability requirements of safety critical software systems make this task imperative as well. Due to the specifics of software systems and the lack of any universally accepted models it is very difficult to predict the true reliability value of the system. Unfortunately none of the existing software reliability models neither acknowledge nor address this fact. There exist multiple uncertainty factors that influence reliability estimation of safety critical software systems. In this paper, we first define the scope of the important factors in the reliability models and describe a new approach to obtain a realistic estimate for system reliability. For this purpose, we consider different kinds of reliability models also taking into account the system architecture. The influence of uncertainty factors in the models is analyzed to obtain uncertainty bounds. They show an interval, where the true reliability should lie within it. This way system architects may use a so-called worst-case reliability estimation, given by the lower interval bound, for system analysis. We also demonstrate our proposed approach with real data taken from safety-critical applications.
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| 13. |
- Chandran, Senthil Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a reliable communication network for International Monitoring System
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Building a secure and reliable network system especially for safety critical applications is an extremely challenging task even when the scale of the application or physical boundaries of the system are small and well-defined. The complex issues in network communications, security and data quality apart from the high reliability requirements pose difficult scientific problems one has to tackle with. In the context of the international monitoring system, these challenges become much more daunting due to heterogeneous network topologies, mixing of private networks and internet as well as the enormity of geographical coverage. This paper attempts to provide an overview of the various approaches followed internationally in dealing with reliable network communications. One of methods highlighted in this paper for a secure communication for the International Monitoring System is the usage of Virtual Private Networks (VPN) in the identified sensor locations to communicate data to desired local access server locations through unsecured public networks. This setup could be for nearby local stations within a specified radius. The data is routed through a tunnel to local servers in the VPN using protocols such as IPSEC, PPTP etc. Multi-homed network that provides redundant links are cost effective and are proposed as means to ensure high reliability and end-to-end availability between the VPN servers to the centralized system located at Vienna. This paper also compares various communication technologies and dependability strategies available and recommends suitable combinations that overcomes the challenges such as malicious attacks, various failure modes, dynamic changing of the routing table to address dead links etc., to preserve data integrity and provide highly reliable information to the end users.
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| 14. |
- Das, Santanu, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative study of bioenzyme production using submerged fermentation on different agricultural wastes on ligninase producing from wood rot fungi isolated from Pushpagiri and Brahmagiri Hills of Karnataka
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems. - : Institute of Advanced Scientific Research. - 1943-023X. ; 12:7 Special Issue, s. 1562-1569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A total of 132 White rot fungus were isolated from the wood bark samples, collected from the different locations in the Western Ghats region of Karnataka and screened for Ligninolytic enzyme production. Ten strains exhibiting maximum activity numbered 30, 40, 41, 61, 76, 86, 104, 113, 123 and 124 were further screened under submerged fermentation using agricultural wastes for enzyme production activity. Among the four substrates used (Sawdust, Paddy straw, Pongamia leaf, Kitchen Vegetable waste), highest lignin peroxidase activity was seen in Pongamia with strain 75 (0.766 U/ml) and minimum was in Paddy straw with strain 124(0.003 U/ml). Highest Manganese Peroxide content was seen in sawdust with strain 40 (1.014 U/ml) and minimum was in vegetable waste strain 75 (0.150 U/ml). Highest laccase activity was in Pongamia leafwith strain 123 (0.375 U/ml) and lowest was in Paddy straw strain (75)(0.012 U/ml).Highest versatile peroxidase activity was observed in Pongamia strain 113(0.504 U/ml) and lowest in Paddy straw strain 61 (0.023 U/ml). Cellulase content was highest with Pongamia using strain 41 (0.032 U/ml)and lowest in Paddy straw with strains61, 104, 113, 124 (0.003 U/ml).Highest Protein content was present in Pongamia degradation with strain 104(0.246 U/ml) and lowest was in Paddy straw with strain 113 (0.059 U/ml).The maximum enzyme activity of laccase by wood rot fungal strains 30, 40, 41, 61, 76, 86, 104, 113, 123 and 124 strains were obtained on the 8th day of fermentation wherein Manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase showed the highest activity on the 10th day of fermentation.
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| 15. |
- Das, Santanu, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of biofuel production by molecular characterization of ligninase enzyme isolated from wood rot fungi in Pushpagiri and Brahmagiri Hills in Karnataka by using RAPD molecular markers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of green engineering. - : Alpha Publishers. - 1904-4720 .- 2245-4586. ; 10:6, s. 2560-2597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood rot fungi are one of the major degraders in the biosphere that help in degrading most of the plant origin polymers like cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignin is the second most abundant aromatic compound found in plant cell that holds up cellulose and hemicellulose. There is a lot of emphasis that is being put on the fungal degradation of lignin using wood and other lignocellulosic as a renewable source in the production of chemicals, paper products, feeds and fuels and the use of fungi as one of the most potent sources of degrading organisms. In the present study, screening for lignin degrading enzymes were done with 132 isolates and the maximum enzyme producing strains of 10 wood rot fungi samples were taken for molecular characterization using RAPD molecular markers.Isolation of genomic DNA of the 10 wood rot fungi samples was done using phenolchloroform method and quantified on agarose gel. The obtained genomic DNA was further subjected tocharacterization using RAPD-PCR method with 06 random primers OPA2, OPA5, OPA7, OPA8, OPD3 and OPC2. The amplified PCR products were analyzed by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis and were observed under UV Transilluminator. Analysis of the base pairs of the bands was done by Bio-Rad Gel Doc system.A total of 172 fragments were generated in the 10 isolates with 6 primers. Dendrogram analyses of the gels were done which gave a close relation of each DNA samples. The results indicate that some strains were genetically more similar and few diverse. The current study shows samples 30, 40, 41, 113 and 124 are genetically closely related.
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| 16. |
- Dimov, Aleksandar, et al.
(författare)
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How do we collect data for software reliability estimation?
- 2010
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Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series Volume 471, 2010. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450302432 ; , s. 155-160
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Together with increase of the influence of software systems in all aspects of everyday life there is also a need to focus on their non-functional characteristics. Reliability is one important software quality characteristic, which is defined as continuity of correct service. Reasoning and modeling are necessary in order to achieve desired levels of reliability both during design and usage of software systems. There exist different techniques for gathering of data for software reliability estimation and the aim of this paper is to make a good overview of them. As software testing is the biggest and most widely applied technique we also make a study of current state of the art in application of different testing methods for collection of data to be used for reliability estimation.
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| 17. |
- Dimov, Aleksandar, et al.
(författare)
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Mutation testing framework for software reliability model analysis and reliability estimation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Central and Eastern European Software Engineering Conference (CEE-SECR). - 9781457706066 ; , s. 163-169
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- After several years of research, even today estimation of software reliability is extremely challenging. The undeterministic nature of the factors that contribute to the reliability estimation has led to the development of numerous statistical models for this purpose. One of the important factors that contribute to software reliability is testing. The aim of this paper is to use mutation testing for estimating the „true” reliability of a system and provide a framework for estimation of uncertainty bounds associated with testing and a measure for factors such as test coverage, time between failures and code coverage that contribute to the estimation of reliability and use mutation testing as a tool to create a software failure dataset. The approach is experimented with an open source search tool.
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| 18. |
- Durairaj, Santhosh, et al.
(författare)
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Oxygen-Driven Growth Regulation and Defect Passivation in Chemical Vapor Deposited MoS 2 Monolayers
- 2021
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Ingår i: Crystal Growth & Design. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1528-7505 .- 1528-7483. ; 21:12, s. 6793-6801
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the lowest formation energies, sulfur vacancies are inevitable in the vapor-phase chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of MoS2, which act as deep donors and induce midgap defect states, making the material intrinsically n-type. The postgrowth oxygen passivation of such defects has been the subject of a large number of recent studies because passivation of defects augments the photoluminescence quantum yield by several orders. In this study, by introducing an SiO2/Si wafer in close proximity to the growth substrate, we were able to supply trace oxygen in situ during the growth while simultaneously enabling chemisorption of oxygen at defect sites on the basal plane of large-area MoS2 monolayers. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy allowed us to distinguish clearly the nature of oxygen bonding in defective MoS2 grown with and without the trace oxygen. Chemisorption of oxygen enabled elimination of defect-related bound exciton emission at the near band edge transition of MoS2, leading to about 300% enhancement in the photoluminescence. We observed unusual splitting of the first-order A1g Raman mode in monolayer MoS2 films when the sulfur vacancies are not compensated by oxygen. The present study provides new experimental evidence to better distinguish between chemisorption and physisorption of oxygen and may serve as an effective way to tune the optical properties of van der Waals crystals during the large-area CVD process.
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| 19. |
- Garcia-Pueyo, Lluís, et al.
(författare)
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Integrity 2024: Integrity in Social Networks and Media
- 2024
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Ingår i: WSDM 2024 - Proceedings of the 17th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. - : Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. ; , s. 1212-1213
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integrity 2024 is the fifth edition of the Workshop on Integrity in Social Networks and Media, held in conjunction with the ACM Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM) since the 2020 edition [1-4]. The goal of the workshop is to bring together academic and industry researchers working on integrity, fairness, trust and safety in social networks to discuss the most pressing risks and cutting-edge technologies to reliably measure and mitigate them. The event consists of invited talks from academic experts and industry leaders as well as peer-reviewed papers and posters through an open call-for-papers.
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| 20. |
- Keable, Stephen M., et al.
(författare)
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Room temperature XFEL crystallography reveals asymmetry in the vicinity of the two phylloquinones in photosystem I
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photosystem I (PS I) has a symmetric structure with two highly similar branches of pigments at the center that are involved in electron transfer, but shows very different efficiency along the two branches. We have determined the structure of cyanobacterial PS I at room temperature (RT) using femtosecond X-ray pulses from an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) that shows a clear expansion of the entire protein complex in the direction of the membrane plane, when compared to previous cryogenic structures. This trend was observed by complementary datasets taken at multiple XFEL beamlines. In the RT structure of PS I, we also observe conformational differences between the two branches in the reaction center around the secondary electron acceptors A1A and A1B. The π-stacked Phe residues are rotated with a more parallel orientation in the A-branch and an almost perpendicular confirmation in the B-branch, and the symmetry breaking PsaB-Trp673 is tilted and further away from A1A. These changes increase the asymmetry between the branches and may provide insights into the preferential directionality of electron transfer.
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| 21. |
- Kumar, Raj Senthil, et al.
(författare)
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Cohesive finite element based modeling of damage in composite materials
- 2002
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Ingår i: Applied mechanics and biomedical technology - 2002. - New York : American Society of Mechanical Engineers. - 791836274 ; , s. 11-19
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Damage in composite laminates affects its overall viscoelastic response. Constitutive equations have been developed for composite laminates considering a fixed damage state. A complete description, however, requires suitable damage evolution laws. This paper is focused on studying damage evolution in viscoelastic laminates using a cohesive finite element approach. A two dimensional, four nodded finite element is developed incorporating a rate-independent traction-displacement cohesive law. This element is used in conjunction with plane strain bulk elements behaving in a linear viscoelastic manner to simulate crack evolution between two existing transverse cracks in symmetric cross-ply laminates. The effects of loading strain-rate, ply constraint and initial crack density are studied. This study shows expected trends in the behavior and indicates the suitability of cohesive zone modeling to study damage evolution in viscoelastic composite materials.
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| 22. |
- Kumar, Raj Senthil, et al.
(författare)
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Micromechanics-based modeling of damage evolution in viscoelastic composites
- 2005
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Damage in composite laminates affects their overall viscoelastic response. Previous research has been focused on developing constitutive equations for these materials considering a fixed state of damage. A complete description, however, requires suitable damage evolution laws. This paper is focused on studying damage evolution in viscoelastic laminates using a computational micromechanics approach. We use cohesive finite elements to study nucleation and subsequent growth of a transverse crack between two existing cracks in the 90° layer of a linear viscoelastic cross-ply laminate. The effect of loading rate, thickness of 90° ply and initial crack density on the evolution of a new crack is investigated.
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| 23. |
- Kumar, Senthil, et al.
(författare)
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Abuse of peer review process by sham authors
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Science Editing. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 0258-3127 .- 2518-3354. ; 46
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a short letter on how the peer review process of many journals is being abused by some sham authors. While it would be difficult for the journals to identify and eliminate manuscripts that are not submitted with a sincere intention to publish, the universities and learning institutions should develop code of ethics to prevent their staff from abusing the journal review process. Imposing submission fee would also act as a deterrent against unscrupulous submissions.
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| 24. |
- Mathews, T.S, et al.
(författare)
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Functional reliability analysis of Safety Grade Decay Heat Removal System of Indian 500 MWe PFBR
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nuclear Engineering and Design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0029-5493 .- 1872-759X. ; 238:9, s. 2369-2376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Passive systems are increasingly deployed in nuclear industry with an objective of increasing reliability and safety of operations with reduced cost. Methods for assessing the reliability of thermal-hydraulic passive systems, that is systems with moving working fluid, address the issues in natural buoyancy-driven flow that could result in a failure to meet the design safety limits under accident scenarios. This is referred as design functional reliability. This paper presents the results of functional reliability analysis carried out for the passive Safety Grade Decay Heat Removal System (SGDHRS) of IndianPrototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR). The analysis is carried out based on the overall approach reported in the Reliability Methods for Passive System (RMPS, European Commission) project. Functionalfailure probability is calculated using Monte-Carlo method and also with method of moments.
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| 25. |
- Pillay, Radhamani, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing Resources in Real-time Scheduling for Fault Tolerant Processors
- 2010
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Ingår i: 2010 1st International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing, PDGC - 2010. - 9781424476725 ; , s. 101-106
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The safety critical systems used in avionics, nuclear power plants and emergency medical equipments have to meet stringent reliability and temporal demands. Such demands are met with fault tolerant mechanisms, such as hardware and software redundancy. In this paper, we consider a safety critical application, the dual redundant onboard computer(OBC) system of the Indian Satellite Launch Vehicle and propose a scheme to optimize the onboard computing resources without detracting from the system reliability requirements. The redundancy is dealt with at the task allocation level and the slack generated, is used for allocation of more computational tasks, making the scheme very attractive in terms of efficient management of resources. The scheme of task allocation combined with real-time scheduling using Rate Monotonic(RM) and Earliest Deadline First(EDF) provide more programming flexibility and efficiently utilize the system resources. The scheme when implemented gives an efficient offline task allocation for fault-free conditions and flexible fault tolerance strategy during processor failure. The proposed scheme is compared with a traditional dual scheme. The implementation is experimented with a simulation and evaluated using performance metrics to illustrate the enhanced performance capability of the approach. This scheme, extended to multiprocessors with generic features can lead to tremendous throughput in terms of performance and costs. The contributions of this work are a system level algorithm for the implementation of real-time task allocation and scheduling.
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| 26. |
- Ramakrishnan, M., et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of station blackout frequency for Indian fast breeder test reactor
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annals of Nuclear Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4549. ; 35:12, s. 2332-2337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the comparison of station blackout (SBO) frequency computed with approximate time averaged expressions for diesel generator unavailability and time dependent cutset evaluation method. It is found that the frequency of SBO is under predicted by a factor of 2 by approximate time averaged expressions for SBO durations of 8 h and 16 h. The time dependent cutset evaluation method is applied for offsite power feeder outage management by treating the change in SBO frequency when one of the feeders is taken out for maintenance for ‘n’ days, as the risk measure.
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| 27. |
- Sang, Yutao, et al.
(författare)
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Temperature Dependence of Charge and Spin Transfer in Azurin
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 125:18, s. 9875-9883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The steady-state charge and spin transfer yields were measured for three different Ru-modified azurin derivatives in protein films on silver electrodes. While the charge-transfer yields exhibit weak temperature dependences, consistent with operation of a near activation-less mechanism, the spin selectivity of the electron transfer improves as temperature increases. This enhancement of spin selectivity with temperature is explained by a vibrationally induced spin exchange interaction between the Cu(II) and its chiral ligands. These results indicate that distinct mechanisms control charge and spin transfer within proteins. As with electron charge transfer, proteins deliver polarized electron spins with a yield that depends on the protein's structure. This finding suggests a new role for protein structure in biochemical redox processes.
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| 28. |
- Saravanan, Vijayalekshmi, et al.
(författare)
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A study on factors influencing power consumption in multithreaded and multicore CPU's
- 2011
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Ingår i: WSEAS Transactions on Computers. - 1109-2750. ; 10:3, s. 93-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ever-growing demand for computational power and high performance has led to a rapid growth in the semiconductor industry. This evolution has seen a continuous increase in CPU performance and the number of transistors on a chip has roughly doubled every two years proving Moore's law. An inevitable consequence when achieving this is that more functional units, deeper pipelining and larger cache sizes have had to be implemented on the CPU chip. The result is a significant increase in the power consumption. Achieving high performance with low power consumption has been the traditional goal in high-end processors. In order to accomplish high performance, multithreaded and multicore CPUs have become the recent trend in semi-conductor technology. The purpose of this paper is to statistically analyze the various factors that affect power, to study their relationship to quantify their influence on power consumption in multithreaded and multicore CPUs. This paper explores the on-chip power modeling simulation techniques with the existing processors and compares the performance and power trade-off between multicore and multithreaded CPUs. In this paper, we also present review/tutorial of recent advancements in power savings through the implementation of power-limiting micro-architectural features (e.g. out-of-order execution, branch prediction, caching and prefetching) in contemporary multi-core processors, such as Intel Nehalem and AMD's Istanbul processors. The results show that the statistical findings on power consumption are encouraging and useful for low power application and power-aware processor designers.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Thu Thao, Bui T., et al.
(författare)
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Enhancement of selective monoaromatic hydrocarbon and syngas products from fast pyrolysis of cassava stalks over Co, Mo promoted Ni catalysts
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of the Energy Institute. - 1743-9671. ; 115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Catalytic fast pyrolysis of cassava stalks has been intriguing as a promising, feasible chemical refinery method in terms of waste-to-energy conversion from cassava cultivation. This study aims to determine the synergetic influence of Mo and Co on Ni catalysts (Ni, Ni–Mo, and Ni–Co) prepared via ultrasonic-assisted incipient wetness impregnation method for catalytic pyrolysis vapor upgrading. The results indicated that Co and Mo enhance the reducibility of NiO and promote weak-to-medium acidity, thereby enhancing Ni's performance. Mono-Ni favors cracking deoxygenation, whereas oxophilicity promoters particularly enhance the oxygen absorbability efficiency to selective deoxygenated production. A fine Ni dispersion on CoNi/SiO2 catalyst was observed to positively affect the production of monoaromatic hydrocarbons (46.10 %), in contrast to those without promoters (21.63 %). This is attributed to an optimal Ni-metallic distribution with a small crystal size of 7.01 nm and a high surface area of 342.6 m2 g−1, highlighting the effectiveness of the promoter-assisted Ni catalyst. Additionally, a high yield of H2 (66.9 %) in non-condensable gas was recorded at 550 °C. The study suggests that a simplified approach to developing Ni-based catalysts could enhance the eco-friendliness of commercial catalysts, thereby facilitating the scale-up of biomass pyrolysis applications.
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| 32. |
- Zanuso, Giovanni, PhD Student, et al.
(författare)
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Interturn Fault Detection in Induction Machines Based on High-Frequency Injection
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0278-0046 .- 1557-9948. ; , s. 10639-10647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An interturn short-circuit in the stator windings can lead to the breakdown of electrical machines. In the case of induction machines, several fault detection methods and faulted models have been developed in the recent decades. These models differ mainly in how the leakage inductances of the faulted winding are modeled. This work provides a generalized model for interturn short-circuit faults, using different assumptions for the leakage inductances. The model is validated with experimental results for an exhaustive set of fault parameters, and the leakage inductances influence is analyzed. Moreover, the model is used to analyze the drawbacks of the negative-sequence fundamental current as a traditional fault signature. A high-frequency injection method for converter-fed machines is presented to overcome these limits. The proposed fault signature is the negative-sequence current at the injection frequency and it is evaluated experimentally at different operating conditions. The fault severity and its location are proved to be related to the proposed fault signature.
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