| 1. |
- Borah, Jintu, et al.
(författare)
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AiCareBreath : IoT Enabled Location Invariant Novel Unified Model for Predicting Air Pollutants to Avoid Related Respiratory Disease
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Internet of Things Journal. - : IEEE. - 2327-4662. ; 11:8, s. 14625-14633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a location-invariant air pollution prediction model with good geographic generalizability. The model uses a Light GBR as part of a machine-learning framework to capture the spatial identification of air contaminants. Given the dynamic nature of air pollution, the model also uses a Random Forest to capture temporal dependencies in the data. Our model uses a transfer learning strategy to deal with location variability. The algorithm can learn concentration patterns because it has been trained on a vast dataset of air quality measurements from various locations. The trained model is then improved using information from a particular target site, customizing it to the features of the target area. Experiments are carried out on a comprehensive dataset containing air pollution measurements from various places to assess the efficacy of the proposed model. The recommended method performs better than standard models at forecasting air pollution levels, proving its dependability in various geographical settings. An interpretability analysis is also performed to learn about the variables affecting air pollution levels. We identify the geographical patterns associated with high pollutant concentrations by visualizing the learned representations within the model, giving important information for environmental planning and mitigation methods. The observations show that the model outperforms state-of-the-art forecasting based on RNNs and transformer-based models. The suggested methodology for forecasting air contaminants has the potential to improve air quality management and aid in decision-making across numerous regions. This helps safeguard the environment and public health by creating more precise and dependable air pollution forecast systems.
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| 2. |
- Mandal, Prithwijit, et al.
(författare)
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Orthorhombic distortion drives orbital ordering in the antiferromagnetic 3d1 Mott insulator PrTiO3
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 108:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The orbital, which represents the shape of the electron cloud, very often strongly influences the manifestation of various exotic phenomena, e.g., magnetism, metal-insulator transition, colossal magnetoresistance, unconventional superconductivity, etc. in solid-state systems. The observation of the antiferromagnetism in RETiO3 (RE = rare-earth) series has been puzzling since the celebrated Kugel-Khomskii model of spin-orbital superexchange predicts ferromagnetism in an orbitally degenerate d1 system. Further, the existence of the orbitally ordered vs. orbital liquid phase in both antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic phase have been unsettled issues thus far. To address these longstanding questions, we investigate single crystalline film of PrTiO3. Our synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements confirm the retention of bulklike orthorhombic (D2h) symmetry in the thin film geometry. We observe similar x-ray linear dichroism signal in both paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic phase, which can be accounted by ferro-orbital ordering (FOO). While the presence of D2h crystal field does not guarantee lifting of orbital degeneracy always, we find it to be strong enough in these rare-earth titanates, leading to the FOO state. Thus, our work demonstrates the orthorhombic distortion is the driving force for the orbital ordering of antiferromagnetic RETiO3.
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| 3. |
- Pal, Shashank, et al.
(författare)
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Recent Advances in Catalytic Pyrolysis of Municipal Plastic Waste for the Production of Hydrocarbon Fuels
- 2022
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Ingår i: Processes. - : MDPI. - 2227-9717. ; 10:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently, the resources of fossil fuels, such as crude oil, natural gas, and coal, are depleting day by day due to increasing energy demands. Nowadays, plastic items have witnessed a substantial surge in manufacturing due to their wide range of applications and low cost. Therefore, the amount of plastic waste is increasing rapidly. Hence, the proper management of plastic wastes for sustainable technologies is the need of the hour. Chemical recycling technologies based on pyrolysis are emerging as the best waste management approaches due to their robustness and better economics. However, research on converting plastic waste into fuels and other value-added goods has yet to be undertaken, and more R&D is required to make waste-plastic-based fuels economically viable. In this review article, the current status of the plastic waste pyrolysis process is discussed in detail. Processcontrolling parameters such as temperature, pressure, residence time, reactor type, and catalyst dose are also investigated in this review paper. In addition, the application of reaction products is also described in brief. For example, plasto-oil obtained by catalytic pyrolysis may be utilized in various sectors, e.g., transportation, industrial boilers, and power generation. On the other hand, byproducts, such as solid residue (plasto-char), could be used as a road construction material or to make activated carbon or graphenes, while the non-condensable gases have a good potential to be utilized as heating/energy source.
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| 4. |
- Gahlot, Sweta, et al.
(författare)
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Molecules versus Nanoparticles : Identifying a Reactive Molecular Intermediate in the Synthesis of Ternary Coinage Metal Chalcogenides
- 2020
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 59:11, s. 7727-7738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The identification of reactive intermediates during molecule-to-nanoparticle (NP) transformation has great significance in comprehending the mechanism of NP formation and, therefore, optimizing the synthetic conditions and properties of the formed products. We report here the room temperature (RT) synthesis of AgCuSe NPs from the reaction of di-tert-butyl selenide with trifluoroacetates (TFA) of silver(I) and copper(II). The isolation and characterization of a molecular species during the course of this reaction, [Ag2Cu(TFA)(4)((Bu2Se)-Bu-t)(4)] (1), which shows extraordinary reactivity and interesting thermochromic behavior (blue at 0 degrees C and green at RT), confirmed that ternary metal selenide NPs are formed via this intermediate species. Similar reactions with related dialkyl chalcogenide R2E resulted in the isolation of molecular species of similar composition, [Ag2Cu(TFA)(4)(R2E)(4)] [R = Bu-t, E = S (2); R = Me, E = Se (3); R = Me, E = S (4)], which are stable at RT but can be converted to ternary metal chalcogenides at elevated temperature. Density functional theory calculations confirm the kinetic instability of 1 and throw light on its thermochromic properties.
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| 5. |
- Kumar, Akash, et al.
(författare)
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Interfacial Origin of Unconventional Spin-Orbit Torque in Py/r-IrMn3
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Quantum Technologies. - 2511-9044. ; 6:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angle-resolved spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements are carried out in heterostructures consisting of Py (Ni81Fe19) and a noncollinear antiferromagnetic quantum material r-IrMn3. The structural characterization reveals that r-IrMn3 is polycrystalline in nature. A large exchange bias of 158 Oe is found in Py/r-IrMn3 at room temperature, while r-IrMn3/Py and Py/Cu/r-IrMn3 exhibit no exchange bias. Regardless of the exchange bias and stacking sequence, a substantial unconventional out-of-plane anti-damping torque is observed when r-IrMn3 is in direct contact with Py. The magnitude of the out-of-plane spin-orbit torque efficiency is found to be twice as large as the in-plane spin-orbit torque efficiency. The unconventional spin-orbit torque vanishes when a Cu spacer is introduced between Py and r-IrMn3, indicating that the unconventional spin-orbit torque in this system originates at the interface. These findings are important for realizing efficient antiferromagnet-based spintronic devices via interfacial engineering.
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| 6. |
- Marto, João Pedro, et al.
(författare)
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Safety and Outcome of Revascularization Treatment in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and COVID-19: The Global COVID-19 Stroke Registry.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 100:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COVID-19-related inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulopathy may increase the bleeding risk and lower the efficacy of revascularization treatments in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aimed to evaluate the safety and outcomes of revascularization treatments in patients with AIS and COVID-19.This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients with AIS receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular treatment (EVT) between March 2020 and June 2021 tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. With a doubly robust model combining propensity score weighting and multivariate regression, we studied the association of COVID-19 with intracranial bleeding complications and clinical outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed according to treatment groups (IVT-only and EVT).Of a total of 15,128 included patients from 105 centers, 853 (5.6%) were diagnosed with COVID-19; of those, 5,848 (38.7%) patients received IVT-only and 9,280 (61.3%) EVT (with or without IVT). Patients with COVID-19 had a higher rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) (adjusted OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.16-2.01), symptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SSAH) (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.20-2.69), SICH and/or SSAH combined (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.23-1.99), 24-hour mortality (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.58-3.86), and 3-month mortality (OR 1.88; 95% CI 1.52-2.33). Patients with COVID-19 also had an unfavorable shift in the distribution of the modified Rankin score at 3 months (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.26-1.60).Patients with AIS and COVID-19 showed higher rates of intracranial bleeding complications and worse clinical outcomes after revascularization treatments than contemporaneous non-COVID-19 patients receiving treatment. Current available data do not allow direct conclusions to be drawn on the effectiveness of revascularization treatments in patients with COVID-19 or to establish different treatment recommendations in this subgroup of patients with ischemic stroke. Our findings can be taken into consideration for treatment decisions, patient monitoring, and establishing prognosis.The study was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04895462.
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| 7. |
- Mishra, Abhishek, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable chemical preventive models in COVID-19 : Understanding, innovation, adaptations, and impact
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the Indian Chemical Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-4522. ; 98:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COVID-19 is considered as a major public health problem caused by the SARS CoV-2. This Viral infection is known to induce worldwide pandemic in short period of time. Emerging evidence suggested that the transmission control and drug therapy may influence the preventive measures extensively as the host surrounding environment and pathogenic mechanism may contribute to the pandemic condition earlier in COVID-19 disease. Although, several animals identified as reservoir to date, however human-to-human transmission is well documented. Human beings are sustaining the virus in the communities and act as an amplifier of the virus. Human activities i.e., living with the patient, touching patient waste etc. in the surrounding of active patients or asymptomatic persons cause significant risk factors for transmission. On the other hand, drug target and mechanism to destroy the virus or virus inhibition depends on diversified approaches of drugs and different target for virus life cycle. This article describes the sustainable chemical preventive models understanding, requirements, technology adaptation and the implementation strategies in these pandemic-like situations. As the outbreak progresses, healthcare models focused on transmission control through disinfections and sanitization based on risk calculations. Identification of the most suitable target of drugs and regional control model of transmission are of high priority. In the early stages of an outbreak, availability of epidemiological information is important to encourage preventive measures efforts by public health authorities and provide robust evidence to guide interventions. Here, we have discussed the level of adaptations in technology that research professionals display toward their public health preventive models. We should compile a representative data set of adaptations that humans can consider for transmission control and adopt for viruses and their hosts. Overall, there are many aspects of the chemical science and technology in virus preventive measures. Herein, the most recent advances in this context are discussed, and the possible reasons behind the sustainable preventive model are presented. This kind of sustainable preventive model having adaptation and implementation with green chemistry system will reduce the shedding of the virus into the community by eco-friendly methods, and thus the risk of transmission and infection progression can be mitigated.
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