| 1. |
- Lozano, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
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| 2. |
- Stanaway, Jeffrey D., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1923-1994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.
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| 3. |
- Agrawal, Tarun Kumar, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Blockchain-Based Secured Traceability System for Textile and Clothing Supply Chain
- 2018
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Ingår i: Artificial Intelligence for Fashion Industry in the Big Data Era. - Singapore : Springer Nature. - 9789811300790 - 9789811300806 ; , s. 197-208
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Blockchain has emerged as a prominent and reliable solution that can enable and ensure secure information sharing over wide area networks. In an era of digitalisation, blockchain technology is finding wide applications in multiple fields including implementing traceability in the supply chain. In this direction, this chapter explores its potential application in implementing a blockchain-based traceability system for textile and clothing (T&C) supply chain. It examines the necessity and concept of a traceability system, followed by enlisting advantages of blockchain technology for implementing traceability. Further, a case-based example has been used to explain blockchain application in implementing traceability in T&C supply chain. Finally, it mentions the challenges and limitations of such blockchain-based traceability system that can be addressed through further research.
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| 4. |
- Agrawal, Tarun Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Blockchain-based Framework for Supply Chain Traceability : A Case Example of Textile and Clothing Industry
- 2021
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Ingår i: Computers & industrial engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-8352 .- 1879-0550.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traceability has emerged as a prime requirement for a multi-tier and multi-site production. It enables visibility and caters to the consumer requirements of transparency and quality assurance. Textile and clothing industry is one such example that requires traceability implementation to address prevailing problems of information asymmetry and low visibility. Customers find it difficult to access product data that can facilitate ethical buying practices or assure product authenticity. Besides, it is challenging for stakeholders to share crucial information in an insecure environment with risk of data manipulations and fear of losing information advantage. In this context, this study investigates and proposes a blockchain-based traceability framework for traceability in multi-tier textile and clothing supply chain. It conceptualizes the interaction of supply chain partners, and related network architecture at the organizational level and smart contract and transaction validation rules at the operational level. To illustrate the application of the proposed framework, the study presents an example of organic cotton supply chain using blockchain with customized smart contract and transaction rules. It finally demonstrates the applicability of the developed blockchain by testing it under two parameters. The proposed system can build a technology-based trust among the supply chain partners, where the distributed ledger can be used to store and authenticate supply chain transactions. Further, the blockchain-based traceability system would provide a unique opportunity, flexibility, and authority to all partners to trace-back their supply network and create transparent and sustainable supply chain.
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| 5. |
- Agrawal, Tarun Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Blockchain-Based Framework for Traceability – A Case Example of Nonwoven Supply Chain
- 2019
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Ingår i: EDANA-Nonwovens Innovation Academy 2019.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Supply chain traceability has emerged as a prime requirement for multi-tier supply chains. It not only enables the supply chain visibility but also caters to the consumer requirements related to transparency, quality assurance, and production tracking. Nonwoven supply chain is one such example that particularly requires traceability implementation due to prevailing problems related to information asymmetry and complex supply chain networks. Conversely, it is challenging for supply chain partners to share all the competitive information in the unsecure environment. In this context, in line with Industry 4.0, this study investigates blockchain technology, which uses a shared and secured data infrastructure to keep track of information about assets and requires no central authority to function. It further proposes a blockchain-based traceability framework that explains supply chain partner interaction and network architecture at organizational level and smart contract and transaction validation rules at the operational level. In order to illustrate the application of the framework, the study presents an example of a nonwoven supply chain to track the nonwoven manufacturing and distribution processes. The proposed system can build a technology-based trust among the supply chain actors, where the distributed ledger would be used to store and authenticate of supply chain transactions.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kumar, Vijay, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution of traceability towards attaining sustainability in the textile sector
- 2017
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Ingår i: Textiles and Clothing Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2197-9936. ; 3:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability is a widely recognized concern and priority for healthy growth of the society and for preservation of the planet. Concerning this, textile sector has seen an unprecedented demand for sustainable products from the consumers, responding to which organizations have undertaken different initiatives. One of the major concerns in the textile sector is its complex supply chain networks and the involvement of numerous actors dealing with diverse raw materials and operations. The effective implementation of sustainability at the industrial scale would require the participation of all supply chain actors, along with an efficient traceability system to monitor and analyze different sustainability aspects. Furthermore, traceability is an integral part of the recycling process which contributes towards the sustainability. Therefore, the present article focuses on the contribution of traceable information towards attaining the sustainability in the textile sector. The three pillars of sustainability, namely, ecological, societal, and economic, are discussed for their relation and dependency on the traceability followed by an overview of the challenges in successful implementation of the traceability system, which is anticipated to shape the future research questions.
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| 8. |
- Pal, Rudrajeet, Biträdande Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Blockchain-based traceability for fashion apparel supply chains
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The fashion industry is often criticised for lack of traceability. This paper explores the implementation of traceability in the fashion supply chain using blockchain technology (BT). Using a demonstrative simulation we identify what are the sector-specific requirements, main procedures (i.e. smart-contract rules), and how to use them for BT-based traceability.
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| 9. |
- Harper, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling small-series supply network configuration and capabilities through a mixed-method structural analysis : Insights from high-cost textile/apparel contexts
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Services and Operations Management. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1744-2370 .- 1744-2389. ; 46:2, s. 232-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to understand supply network configuration for small-series production within high-cost contexts, and the context-specific decision logics associated. A total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) and MICMAC mixed-methods approach is used to determine and interpret interrelationships among SNC and capability-related aspects identified from the literature. Respondents come from EU textile/apparel companies, undertaking small-series production/sourcing in the region, with different roles in the value chain. The findings led to several propositions. They highlight the foundational nature of supply chain relationships and digital data sharing; interacting product/process flexibility and specialisation considerations, with associated enablers and barriers; the challenges related to location, which is the crucial supply chain driver; and the need to balance various interrelated capability drivers, such as quality, innovation, and sustainability. These findings can support practitioners for reconfiguration, and the approach can be used to address other contexts and thus enhance generalisability.
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| 10. |
- Harper, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Supply network configuration and capabilities for high-cost, small series textile/apparel: A TISM approach
- 2019
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Ingår i: EurOMA 2019 Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing emphasis on small series production in higher cost locations is particularly challenging in the textile/apparel industry due to global supply chain configurations. To support (re)configuration in this context, Total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) method is used to gain a deeper understanding of the inter-relationships among configuration/capability related aspects from the literature. TISM interviews were done with 24 industry practitioners producing/sourcing in the EU, or in the process of implementation. The findings validate extensive inter-relations, at the same time highlighting relational aspects, internal integration, and quality as significant drivers. Further in-depth research is required to understand these influences.
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| 11. |
- Harper, Sara
(författare)
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Supply network configuration for small-series apparel production in high-cost contexts : Opportunities and challenges from selected EU countries
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In high-cost textile and apparel industry contexts, local and small-series production models (demand-driven/on-demand) are increasingly relevant due to various pressures, including global risks, and demands to reduce overproduction for profitability and environmental sustainability. However, understanding how such reconfigurations impact supply chains more broadly, and what are the associated implementation challenges, is required. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to explore priorities and challenges impacting location decisions and supply network configuration, and related paradoxes, associated with small-series apparel production in high-cost contexts. This is addressed through mixed-methods and qualitative studies detailed in five appended papers, which focus on interrelated decisions, priorities, challenges, and tensions/paradoxes according to practitioners from diverse companies in several EU countries, with a variety of small-series production models and stages of implementation. The findings show that different supply network configurations for small-series apparel production share several interrelated design decisions, which are driven by multiple network capability-related priorities (performance goals like quality, delivery speed and reliability, flexibility, environmental sustainability, product/process innovation), and are impacted by similar challenges as manufacturing in high-cost contexts. However, the findings suggest product/process innovation and environmental sustainability are higher priorities, and cost challenges are reduced, with small-series product segments. While several priorities are found to be conflicting when juxtaposed, the findings suggest exposure to goal-related tensions is lessened with high levels of product customization. Although awareness of multiple interwoven tensions related to goals and processes is common among diverse companies in the context (i.e. sensing capabilities), capabilities for tension management and adaptability vary (i.e. seizing and reconfiguring). The lack of other tension types explicitly identified indicates limited awareness. The thesis contributes to theory by addressing the interrelated opportunities of customization and localization on the supply chain and network configuration level, through focus on the apparel industry context. In the process, the research highlights the utility of a combined supply network configuration and paradox theory-based perspective to unify and categorize insights from fragmented extant literature, which can be used to address other complex topics in supply chain and operations management. Future research should build upon preliminary insights regarding the different levels of exposure to interwoven tensions, and capabilities for paradoxical sensemaking and management. Such investigations should explicitly seek to identify latent tensions in supply networks; address whether identified and managed tensions remain paradoxical over time; and analyze outcomes of paradoxical sensemaking and management on performance goals (e.g. cost, flexibility, quality, product and process innovation, environmental and social sustainability, and resilience). The main contributions to practice are guidance for managers in high-cost textile and apparel-like industry contexts, with analysis of existing and future network configurations for small-series production implementation/scaling, and paradoxical sensemaking. The findings suggest managers should expand upon current levels of awareness to understand latent tensions, like the learning tensions that were revealed within several response strategies. Managers should be aware that local production is often a driver of tensions in high-cost contexts, rather than being included among multidimensional tension management strategies; whereas customization has the potential to reduce exposure to goal-related tensions. To respond to various tensions, managers can leverage/develop internal and external resources focused on both product and operations design. To respond to process tensions impacting customization, enhanced and reduced levels of product and process development can be balanced.
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| 12. |
- Jain, Sheenam, et al.
(författare)
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Garment Categorization Using Data Mining Techniques
- 2020
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Ingår i: Symmetry. - : MDPI. - 2073-8994. ; :6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The apparel industry houses a huge amount and variety of data. At every step of the supply chain, data is collected and stored by each supply chain actor. This data, when used intelligently, can help with solving a good deal of problems for the industry. In this regard, this article is devoted to the application of data mining on the industry’s product data, i.e., data related to a garment, such as fabric, trim, print, shape, and form. The purpose of this article is to use data mining and symmetry-based learning techniques on product data to create a classification model that consists of two subsystems: (1) for predicting the garment category and (2) for predicting the garment sub-category. Classification techniques, such as Decision Trees, Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, and Bayesian Forest were applied to the ‘Deep Fashion’ open-source database. The data contain three garment categories, 50 garment sub-categories, and 1000 garment attributes. The two subsystems were first trained individually and then integrated using soft classification. It was observed that the performance of the random forest classifier was comparatively better, with an accuracy of 86%, 73%, 82%, and 90%, respectively, for the garment category, and sub-categories of upper body garment, lower body garment, and whole-body garment.
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| 13. |
- Kumar, Vijay, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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A data-driven approach to incorporate multi-level input in Interpretive Structural Modelling with a case example of small-series supply chain network configuration
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) is widely employed in production research to study the complex interaction among various factors or elements which define a complex production or supply chain problem. It transforms the poorly articulated mental model of the problem into a visible well-defined relational model using an element-relationship-matrix. Building ISM involves primarily pairwise comparison of factors in rotation i.e. each factor is compared with all remaining factors as input. In general, these relations among the compared pairs are defined in binary levels i.e. the relations are defined in terms of “yes/no”; hence, the interactions are treated equally for all levels of interaction magnitude. Consequently, the interpretation of the results does not capture the intensity of interrelation, which limits the exploitation of the relational model for concrete production/supply chain decision-making. This paper introduces a data-driven algorithm to convert a multi-level pairwise comparison into bi-level groups i.e. groups with weak and strong relations, to incorporate and account for non-binary relations. The bi-level groups are created based on a threshold point in multi-level input that simultaneously maximizes the inter-group variance whereas minimizes the intra-group variance. The application of the proposed approach is demonstrated in context to small-series textile/apparel supply network configuration, in order to show its practical significance in strategic decision-making.
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| 14. |
- Kumar, Vijay, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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A demonstrative framework for blockchain-based decentralized traceability in textile supply chain
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of this paper:Textile supply chains are complex due to their globally dispersed, multi-tiered structure, which contributes largely to the lack of sustainability and visibility (Garcia-Torres et al., 2021). In this context, traceability plays a major problem-solving role, but is difficult to implement uniformly across the entire supply chain by a single actor or a central authority (Kumar et al., 2017); however blockchain-based traceability system could be prospective (Agrawal et al., 2021). This paper aims at developing and testing a decentralized framework for blockchain-based traceability for the textile supply chain that requires no central authority, and the interaction is governed by smart contracts in a digital environment. Design/methodology/approach:A multistage approach is followed to develop a blockchain-based traceability framework. In the first stage, smart contracts – that govern the interactions of the supply chain actors while keeping the material traceability through mass balancing concept – for decentralized interactions were designed. The second stage implements the developed smart contracts on an Ethereum virtual environment where the interaction of the supply chain stakeholders and the supply chain transaction were recorded on a distributed register, or blockchain. Finally, the implemented system is tested using a discrete event simulation which demonstrates the implication of the framework for the textile supply chain. Findings:The blockchain system is managed by multiple actors (also known as nodes) which are incentivized for implementing or registering the transactions on the blockchain. In this work, the smart contracts that govern the interactions of the supply chain stakeholders were linked to the material flow and mass balancing on each transaction. However, keeping the lot or batch information on each production stage increased transaction data which has subsequently resulted in a higher cost for registering a transaction on the Ethereum blockchain. Furthermore, the analysis reveals the role of certification authority when mass balancing cannot be carried out. Value:The paper proposes a framework for implementing blockchain-based traceability and then testing by using discrete event simulation. Therefore, the study not only makes theoretical contributions by proposing a new traceability framework but also tests it in a computer-simulated environment to understand its practical implication. Research limitations/implications:The discrete event simulation considers the role of sellers and buyers while not accounting for the operations of intermediate stakeholders such as transporters. Therefore, the role of these stakeholders needs further to explore to establish the full impact of the proposed framework. Practical implications:The paper provides an insight into peer-to-peer interactions of supply chain actors in blockchain and cost analysis of registering transactions on a distributed ledger that create a pathway for decentralized traceability system in the textile industry. References: Agrawal, T. K., Kumar, V., Pal, R., Wang, L., & Chen, Y. (2021). Blockchain-based framework for supply chain traceability: A case example of textile and clothing industry. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 154, 107130.Garcia-Torres, S., Rey-Garcia, M., Sáenz, J., & Seuring-Stella, S. (2021). Traceability and transparency for sustainable fashion-apparel supply chains. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-07-2020-0125Kumar, V., Hallqvist, C., & Ekwall, D. (2017). Developing a framework for traceability implementation in the textile supply chain. Systems, 5(2), 33.
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| 15. |
- Kumar, Vijay, 1989-
(författare)
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A game-theoretic approach for textile manufacturer-buyer relation under quality inspection and traceability regime
- 2016
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Ingår i: Uncertainty Modelling in Knowledge Engineering and Decision Making: Proceedings of the 12th International FLINS Conference (FLINS 2016). - : WORLD SCIENTIFIC. - 9789813146983 ; , s. 785-793
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies the textile manufacturer–buyer relationship under quality inspection and traceability policy using non-cooperative Stackelberg game models. These models consider constant demand and price function, whereas the manufacturer and buyer regulate their profits by controlling product quality, transfer payment, quality inspection and traceability.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Kumar, Vijay, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Deep learning based system for garment visual degradation prediction for longevity
- 2023
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Ingår i: Computers in industry (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-3615 .- 1872-6194. ; 144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prolonging garment longevity is a well-recognized key strategy to reduce the overall environmental impact in the textile and clothing sector. In this context, change or degradation in esthetic or visual appeal of a garment with usage is an important factor that largely influence its longevity. Therefore, to engineer the garments for a required lifetime or prolong longevity, there is a need for predictive systems that can forecast the trajectory of visual degradation based on material/structural parameters or use conditions that can guide the practitioners for an optimal design. This paper develops a deep learning based predictive system for washing-induced visual change or degradation of selected garment areas. The study follows a systematic experimental design to generate and capture visual degradation in garment and equivalent fabric samples through 70 cycles in a controlled environment following guideline from relevant washing standards. Further, the generated data is utilized to train conditional Generative Adversarial Network-based deep learning model that learns the degradation pattern and links it to washing cycles and other seam properties. In addition, the predicted results are compared with experimental data using Frechet Inception Distance, to ascertain that the system prediction are visually similar to the experimental data and the prediction quality improves with training process.
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| 18. |
- Kumar, Vijay, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Elastic Moduli of Electrospun Mats: Importance of Fiber Curvature and Specimen Dimensions
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1751-6161 .- 1878-0180. ; 72, s. 6-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Success of tissue engineering relies on the architecture and properties of porous scaffolds. Electrospun nonwoven scaffolds in the form of mats are unique materials due to large surface area to volume ratio, high porosity, versatility in surface functionalities and excellent mechanical properties. Maneuvering the mechanical behavior ofthe electrospun mat is a major challenge both from theoretical and experimental perspectives. Herein, we report a two-dimensional (2D) analytical model of normalized elastic moduli of electrospun mats by formulating a relationship with the governing fiber and structural parameters. The analytical model of normalized mat modulush as also accounted for fiber curvature in the form of sinusoidal curve along with the specimen dimensions considered during the uniaxial tensile test. A comparison has been made between the magnitudes of normalized matmodulus obtained through predictive modeling and the experimental results adapted from the literature. In general, a good agreement has been found between the theoretical and experimental results of normalized moduli ofthe electrospun mats. An interplay of some of the governing parameters has been analyzed through parametric analysis. Through theoretical modeling, the normalized amplitude of fiber crimp via fiber diameter along withthe aspect ratio of specimen dimensions are observed to be the dominant factors responsible for modulating thenormalized mat modulus.
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| 19. |
- Kumar, Vijay, 1989-
(författare)
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Exploring fully integrated textile tags and information systems for implementing traceability in textile supply chains
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Exploring fully integrated textile tags and information systems for implementing traceability in textile supply chainsTraceability, in general, refers to keeping track of information to a certain degree. The concept of traceability is considered important to verify the various aspects of products in different industries and their global supply chains. Textile industry is among those which are accused time‐to‐time for opaque supply chains and unsustainable practices. Particularly, the aftermath of a series of industrial catastrophes, customers and non‐government organizations have started to scrutinize the brands to bring transparency in their supply chains. In this direction, traceability has been identified as a tool for organizations to trace their supplies throughout the supply chains and collect relevant information to ensure transparency and claim validation. Traceability has been further acknowledged as a competitive element and often acts as a decisive factor in purchase process. Moreover, the textile products are one of the most counterfeit‐prone items around the world. As a result, the demand for traceability has been intensified for supply chain monitoring and security, and product authentication.The principal aim of this thesis was to address the implementation of traceability information systems in the textile supply chain. Further, it investigates the feasibility of yarn‐based integrated tracking tags as a means to impart traceability in textiles. It has been pursued through several independent studies in the domain of textile manufacturing, supply chain management and information systems. The appended papers in this thesis address various aspects of traceability implementation in the textile supply chain and how traceability information can be encoded into the textiles using yarn‐based coding.Traceability consists of two components namely information system and tagging. The latter component is used to uniquely identify the product in the supply chain which assists in recalling and/or storing the relevant traceability data from/in the information system. Different actors in the supply chain manage the traceability data in their information systems, therefore traceability tag acts as a linking agent for information exchange. In this direction, this thesis introduces the concept of yarn coding and yarn coding‐based integrated tags which can be potentially used in future for textile traceability applications. In addition, a framework is proposed for the implementation of traceability information system in the textile supply chain. The work highlights various elements which can play a significant role in promoting and/or implementing traceability. Regardless of perspective or viewpoint, traceability is interwoven between technical and managerial aspects; therefore traceability implementation requires a techno‐managementapproach to obtain an optimal solution.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Kumar, Vijay, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Macro-Scale Indicators Based Analysis of Textile Product Recalls in the EU
- 2016
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Ingår i: NOFOMA 2016 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 28TH ANNUAL NORDIC LOGISTICS RESEARCH NETWORK CONFERENCE, TURKU, FINLAND, 8-10 JUNE 2016. ; , s. 321-340
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT PurposeThe purpose of this article is to study the relationship between macro-scale indicators (social, economic and governance) with textile product recalls in the EU. Here the main focus is given to a systemic approach to understand the problem from a holistic perspective, focusing on the interactions among components rather than focusing only on causes.Design/methodology/approach The EU’s recalled textile product data and macroscale indicators used in the study were obtained from multiple sources, namely RAPEX, Transparency International, Eurostat, and The World Bank. The data have been used for the years 2008-2013. Multiple linear regression analysis and p-value statistics were used to scale the impact and statistical significance respectively, of the indicators on the textile product recalls.Findings Findings from the study suggest that the textile recall is influenced by governance and social aspects of the EU member states while the economic aspect has negligible statistical significance. Results further suggest that better governance and higher social inequality lead to lesser textile product recalls.Original/valueThis study is first to quantitatively identify of the role of social, governance and economic aspects of the EU member states on their textile-product recalls. The previous qualitative research works have been focused on a particular brand or recall which limit the generalization of their conclusions. Whereas, this paper uses a systemic approach to understand the problem from a holistic perspective, focusing on the interactions among components rather than focusing only on causes.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Kumar, Vijay, 1989-
(författare)
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Product Recalls in European Textile and Clothing Sector—A Macro Analysis of Risks and Geographical Patterns
- 2022
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Ingår i: Stats. - : MDPI AG. - 2571-905X. ; 5:4, s. 1044-1061
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Textile and clothing (T&C) products contribute to a substantial proportion of the non-food product recalls in the European Union (EU) due to various levels of associated risks. Out of the listed 34 categories for product recalls in the EU’s Rapid Exchange of Information System (RAPEX), the category ’clothing, textiles, and fashion items’ was among the top 3 categories with the most recall cases during 2013–2019. Previous studies have attempted to highlight the issue of product recalls and their impacts from the perspective of a single company or selected companies, whereas limited attention is paid to understand the problem from a sector-specific perspective. However, considering the nature of product risks and the consistency in a higher number of recall cases, it is important to analyze the issue of product recalls in the T&C sector from a sector-specific perspective. In this context, the paper focuses on investigating the past recalls in the T&C sector reported RAPEX during 2005–2021 to understand the major trends in recall occurrence and associated hazards. Correspondence Analysis (CA) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) were applied to analyze the qualitative and quantitative recall data. The results reveal that there is a geographical pattern for the product risk that leads to the recalls. The countries in eastern part of Europe tend to have proportionately high recalls in strangulation and choking-related issues, whereas chemical-related recalls are proportionately high in countries located in western part of Europe. Further, text-mining results indicate that design-related recall issues are more prevalent in children’s clothing.
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| 24. |
- Kumar, Vijay, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Responding the market demand and improving product utilization using rent-and-sell strategy
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to analyse a business scenario, which combines the apparel rent-and-sell strategies to maximize apparel utilization while reducing the overall demand for new products. The developed game theory models hypothesize aspects including product quality, manufacturing cost, product use-cycles, and renting as alternate to buying to investigate their impact on the supply chain actors. Further, the developed supply chain scenarios have been numerically illustrated and compared against the sell-only business scenario to quantify the impact of product renting.
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| 25. |
- Rao, P. V. Kameswara, et al.
(författare)
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Compression-recovery model of absorptive glass mat (AGM) separator guided by X-ray micro-computed tomography analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 365, s. 389-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Absorptive glass mat (AGM) separators play a key role in enhancing the cycle life of the valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries by maintaining the elastic characteristics under a defined level of compression force with the plates of the electrodes. Inevitably, there are inherent challenges to maintain the required level of compression characteristics of AGM separators during the charge and discharge of the battery. Herein, we report a three-dimensional (3D) analytical model for predicting the compression-recovery behavior of AGM separators by formulating a direct relationship with the constituent fiber and structural parameters. The analytical model of compression-recovery behavior of AGM separators has successfully included the fiber slippage criterion and internal friction losses. The presented work uses, for the first time, 3D data of fiber orientation from X-ray micro-computed tomography, for predicting the compression-recovery behavior of AGM separators. A comparison has been made between the theoretical and experimental results of compression-recovery behavior of AGM samples with defined fiber orientation characteristics. In general, the theory agreed reasonably well with the experimental results of AGM samples in both dry and wet states. Through theoretical modeling, fiber volume fraction was established as one of the key structural parameters that modulates the compression hysteresis of an AGM separator.
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| 26. |
- Rawal, Amit, et al.
(författare)
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Modulating the Poisson’s ratio of articular cartilage via collagen fibril alignment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Materials letters (General ed.). - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-577X .- 1873-4979. ; 194, s. 45-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Articular cartilage possesses unique structure and composition giving rise to unusual mechanical behavior. Typically, it is a structurally graded material that displays variation in mechanical properties along the depth. In this communication, the geometrical probability approach has been used for predicting the in-plane Poisson’s ratio in the surface and middle zones of articular cartilage. The presented model has formulated a relationship between the Poisson’s ratio and collagen fibril alignment. A comparison has been made between the theoretical and experimental findings of Poisson’s ratio in the surface and middle zones of human patella cartilage, as obtained from the literature.
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| 27. |
- Rawal, Amit, et al.
(författare)
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Textile architecture for composite materials: back to basics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Oxford Open Materials Science. - 2633-6979. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last several decades, textile-reinforced composites have emerged as a unique class of materials offering intricate features, reduced fabrication costs, introduced multiaxial reinforcement, and enhanced damaged tolerance. Despite these benefits, textile-reinforced composites face challenges as predicting their performance often relies on heuristics and past experiences without gaining insights into the underlying structure of the textile material and its constituents. This tutorial-based mini-review aims to delve into the fundamentals of textile architecture in the context of textile-reinforced composites and provide an overview of their significant physical and structural features that influence the performance characteristics of textile-reinforced composites.
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| 28. |
- Rawal, Amit, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasonic fortification of interfiber autohesive contacts in meltblown nonwoven materials
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Joining Processes. - 2666-3309. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autohesion is a unique class of adhesion that enables the bonding of two identical surfaces by establishing intimate contact at interfaces. Creating intimacy between two identical surfaces poses a challenging task, often constrained by the presence of surface roughness and chemical heterogeneity. To surmount this challenge, we document a variety of autohesive traits in polypropylene-based meltblown nonwovens, accomplished through a facile, scalable, energy-efficient, and cost-effective ultrasonic bonding process. The mean work of autohesion for a single polypropylene bond, serving as a figure of merit, has been computed by extending the classical Johnson−Kendall−Roberts (JKR) theory by factoring in peel strength along with key fiber and structural parameters of nonwoven materials. Achieving a high figure of merit in ultrasonically bonded nonwovens hinges on the synergistic interplay of key process parameters, including static force, power, and welding speed, with the fiber and structural properties acting in concert. In this regard, peel-off force analysis has also been conducted on a series of twenty-seven ultrasonically bonded meltblown nonwovens prepared using a 33 full factorial design by systematically varying process parameters (static force, power, and welding speed) across three levels and extension rate. X-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) analysis has been performed on select ultrasonically bonded nonwoven samples to discern their bulk characteristics. A broad spectrum of mean work of autohesion for a single polypropylene bond, ranging from 1.88 to 9.93 J/m², has been ascertained by modulating key process parameters.
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| 29. |
- Sharma, Sumit, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Droplet navigation on metastable hydrophobic and superhydrophobic nonwoven materials
- 2024
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces A. - 0927-7757 .- 1873-4359. ; 683
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rendering any surface non-wettable requires it to be clean and dry after the droplet is deposited or impacted. Leveraging and quantifying the non-periodic or random topology non-wettable is intricate as the Cassie-Baxter state competes with the Wenzel or impaled state, which becomes further challenging for irregular and heterogeneous nonwoven materials. Herein, we report the fundamental insights of the impalement dynamics of droplets on metastable nonwovens and self-similar nonwoven-titanate nanostructured materials (SS-Ti-NMs) using laser scanning confocal microscopy in three dimensions. Our results represent the first example of liquid imbibition in metastable nonwovens and SS-Ti-NMs involving a complex interplay between a triumvirate of factors – the number of fibres in the defined cross-sectional area (volume), pore features, and intrinsic wetting properties of the constituent entities. Predictive models of the apparent contact angle and breakthrough pressure for nonwovens and their SS-Ti-NMs have been proposed based on micro- and nano-scale structural parameters. Enabled by X-ray microcomputed tomography analysis, a key set of three-dimensional fibre and structural parameters of nonwovens has been unveiled, which played a vital role in validating the predictive models of apparent contact angles.
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| 30. |
- Siddharth, Shukla, et al.
(författare)
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Probing the three-dimensional porous and tortuous nature of absorptive glass mat (AGM) separators
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Energy Storage. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-152X .- 2352-1538. ; 2017:101003
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery is a predominant electrochemical storage system that stores energy in a cheap, reliable and recyclable manner for innumerable applications. The absorptive glass mat (AGM) separator is a key component, which is pivotal for the successful functioning of the VRLA battery. Herein, the intricate three-dimensional (3D) porous structure of AGM separators has been unveiled using X-ray micro-computed tomography (microCT) analysis. X-ray microCT has quantified a variety of fiber and structural parameters including fiber orientation, porosity, tortuosity, pore size distribution, pore interconnectivity and pore volume distribution. A predictive model of hydraulic tortuosity has been developed based upon some of these fiber and structural parameters. Moreover, the pore size distribution extracted via X-ray microCT analysis has served as a benchmark for making a comparison with the existing analytical model of the pore size distribution of AGM separators. Pore size distributions obtained via the existing analytical model and through X-ray microCT analysis are in close agreement.
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