| 1. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Feigin, Valery L., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 20:10, s. 795-820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings In 2019, there were 12.2 million (95% UI 11.0-13.6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93.2-111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133-153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6.55 million (6.00-7.02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11.6% [10.8-12.2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5.7% [5.1-6.2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70.0% (67.0-73.0), prevalent strokes increased by 85.0% (83.0-88.0), deaths from stroke increased by 43.0% (31.0-55.0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32.0% (22.0-42.0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17.0% (15.0-18.0), mortality decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0), prevalence decreased by 6.0% (5.0-7.0), and DALYs decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22.0% (21.0-24.0) and incidence rates increased by 15.0% (12.0-18.0). In 2019, the age-standardised stroke-related mortality rate was 3.6 (3.5-3.8) times higher in the World Bank low-income group than in the World Bank high-income group, and the age-standardised stroke-related DALY rate was 3.7 (3.5-3.9) times higher in the low-income group than the high-income group. Ischaemic stroke constituted 62.4% of all incident strokes in 2019 (7.63 million [6.57-8.96]), while intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 27.9% (3.41 million [2.97-3.91]) and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 9.7% (1.18 million [1.01-1.39]). In 2019, the five leading risk factors for stroke were high systolic blood pressure (contributing to 79.6 million [67.7-90.8] DALYs or 55.5% [48.2-62.0] of total stroke DALYs), high body-mass index (34.9 million [22.3-48.6] DALYs or 24.3% [15.7-33.2]), high fasting plasma glucose (28.9 million [19.8-41.5] DALYs or 20.2% [13.8-29.1]), ambient particulate matter pollution (28.7 million [23.4-33.4] DALYs or 20.1% [16.6-23.0]), and smoking (25.3 million [22.6-28.2] DALYs or 17.6% [16.4-19.0]). Interpretation The annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates, particularly among people older than 70 years. The highest age-standardised stroke-related mortality and DALY rates were in the World Bank low-income group. The fastest-growing risk factor for stroke between 1990 and 2019 was high body-mass index. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in low-income countries.
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| 3. |
- Kim, Min Seo, et al.
(författare)
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Global burden of peripheral artery disease and its risk factors, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Lancet Global Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-109X. ; 11:10, s. E1553-E1565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Peripheral artery disease is a growing public health problem. We aimed to estimate the global disease burden of peripheral artery disease, its risk factors, and temporospatial trends to inform policy and public measures.Methods: Data on peripheral artery disease were modelled using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 database. Prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality estimates of peripheral artery disease were extracted from GBD 2019. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rate of peripheral artery disease attributed to modifiable risk factors were also assessed.Findings: In 2019, the number of people aged 40 years and older with peripheral artery disease was 113 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 99 center dot 2-128 center dot 4), with a global prevalence of 1 center dot 52% (95% UI 1 center dot 33-1 center dot 72), of which 42 center dot 6% was in countries with low to middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI). The global prevalence of peripheral artery disease was higher in older people, (14 center dot 91% [12 center dot 41-17 center dot 87] in those aged 80-84 years), and was generally higher in females than in males. Globally, the total number of DALYs attributable to modifiable risk factors in 2019 accounted for 69 center dot 4% (64 center dot 2-74 center dot 3) of total peripheral artery disease DALYs. The prevalence of peripheral artery disease was highest in countries with high SDI and lowest in countries with low SDI, whereas DALY and mortality rates showed U-shaped curves, with the highest burden in the high and low SDI quintiles.Interpretation: The total number of people with peripheral artery disease has increased globally from 1990 to 2019. Despite the lower prevalence of peripheral artery disease in males and low-income countries, these groups showed similar DALY rates to females and higher-income countries, highlighting disproportionate burden in these groups. Modifiable risk factors were responsible for around 70% of the global peripheral artery disease burden. Public measures could mitigate the burden of peripheral artery disease by modifying risk factors.
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| 4. |
- Ding, Zheli, et al.
(författare)
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A thermo-chemical and biotechnological approaches for bamboo waste recycling and conversion to value added product: Towards a zero-waste biorefinery and circular bioeconomy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fast growth of bamboo species make them a suitable candidate for eco-restoration, while its lignocellulosic substrate could be used for production of high-value green products such as biofuels, chemicals, and biomaterials. Within these frameworks, this review comprehensively explored the thermochemical and biological conversion of bamboo biomass to value-added fuels and chemicals. Additionally, this review stretches an in-depth understanding of bamboo biomass lignin extraction technologies and bioengineered methodologies, as well as their biorefinery conversion strategies. Additionally, bamboo biomass often utilized in biorefineries are mostly constituted of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, along with proteins, lipids, and a few micronutrients which are not utilized efficientely by current bioengineered techniques. The results indicates that the potential for producing high-value products from bamboo biomass has not been adequately explored. However, enormous potential is still available to make bamboo biorefinery technologies cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable, which are discussed in the current review comprehensively. Furthermore, processes such as pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation are essential to obtain final high-value bio-based products from bamboo biomass, therefore, this review critically designed to explore the current state of the art of these technologies. Overall, the current review establishes a zero-waste suastainable approachs for the reformation of bamboo biomass into chemicals, biofuels, and value-added products.
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| 5. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 6. |
- Micah, Angela E., et al.
(författare)
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Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19 : a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 398:10308, s. 1317-1343
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. Methods We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$ per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050. Findings In 2019, health spending globally reached $8. 8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8.7-8.8) or $1132 (1119-1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geographical regions. Of this total, $40.4 billion (0.5%, 95% UI 0.5-0.5) was development assistance for health provided to low-income and middle-income countries, which made up 24.6% (UI 24.0-25.1) of total spending in low-income countries. We estimate that $54.8 billion in development assistance for health was disbursed in 2020. Of this, $13.7 billion was targeted toward the COVID-19 health response. $12.3 billion was newly committed and $1.4 billion was repurposed from existing health projects. $3.1 billion (22.4%) of the funds focused on country-level coordination and $2.4 billion (17.9%) was for supply chain and logistics. Only $714.4 million (7.7%) of COVID-19 development assistance for health went to Latin America, despite this region reporting 34.3% of total recorded COVID-19 deaths in low-income or middle-income countries in 2020. Spending on health is expected to rise to $1519 (1448-1591) per person in 2050, although spending across countries is expected to remain varied. Interpretation Global health spending is expected to continue to grow, but remain unequally distributed between countries. We estimate that development organisations substantially increased the amount of development assistance for health provided in 2020. Continued efforts are needed to raise sufficient resources to mitigate the pandemic for the most vulnerable, and to help curtail the pandemic for all. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 7. |
- Kumar, Vinod, et al.
(författare)
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Bread waste : A potential feedstock for sustainable circular biorefineries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 369
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The management of staggering volume of food waste generated (∼1.3 billion tons) is a serious challenge. The readily available untapped food waste can be promising feedstock for setting up biorefineries and one good example is bread waste (BW). The current review emphasis on capability of BW as feedstock for sustainable production of platform and commercially important chemicals. It describes the availability of BW (>100 million tons) to serve as a feedstock for sustainable biorefineries followed by examples of platform chemicals which have been produced using BW including ethanol, lactic acid, succinic acid and 2,3-butanediol through biological route. The BW-based production of these metabolites is compared against 1G and 2G (lignocellulosic biomass) feedstocks. The review also discusses logistic and supply chain challenges associated with use of BW as feedstock. Towards the end, it is concluded with a discussion on life cycle analysis of BW-based production and comparison with other feedstocks.
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| 8. |
- Mukesh Kumar, Awasthi, et al.
(författare)
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Agricultural waste biorefinery development towards circular bioeconomy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of biorefinery depends on the recuperation of higher-value chemicals with potential for a wide dissemination and an untapped marketability. To construct a clearer picture of rural waste treatment system, this work was conducted to critically review the foremost regularly utilized agricultural waste management technologies from their state of the art, challenges for setting up the biorefinery and system of circular economy with self-efficient business model. The drivers that can make the biorefinery concept appropriate to waste management and the conceivable outcomes for its improvement to full scale were examined. Technological, strategic and market imperatives influence the effective usage of these frameworks. This review discusses the state-of-the-art biorefinery opportunities beyond conventional strategies as an economically viable solution to overcome numerous current challenges such as waste minimization and the biosynthesis of different high-value bioproducts biorefinery strategies, integrated approach as well as economic and environmental impact were discussed.
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| 9. |
- Allam, Venkata, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of chronic airway diseases using nutraceuticals : Mechanistic insight
- 2022
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Ingår i: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1040-8398 .- 1549-7852. ; 62:27, s. 7576-7590
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Respiratory diseases, both acute and chronic, are reported to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting millions of people globally, leading to high socio-economic burden for the society in the recent decades. Chronic inflammation and decline in lung function are the common symptoms of respiratory diseases. The current treatment strategies revolve around using appropriate anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators. A range of anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators are currently available in the market; however, the usage of such medications is limited due to the potential for various adverse effects. To cope with this issue, researchers have been exploring various novel, alternative therapeutic strategies that are safe and effective to treat respiratory diseases. Several studies have been reported on the possible links between food and food-derived products in combating various chronic inflammatory diseases. Nutraceuticals are examples of such food-derived products which are gaining much interest in terms of its usage for the well-being and better human health. As a consequence, intensive research is currently aimed at identifying novel nutraceuticals, and there is an emerging notion that nutraceuticals can have a positive impact in various respiratory diseases. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of nutraceuticals in altering the various cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in mitigating the symptoms of respiratory diseases.
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| 10. |
- Arya, Pradyumn Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Development of high strength and lightweight Ti6Al4V5Cr alloy : Microstructure and mechanical characteristics
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Research and Technology. - : Elsevier Editora Ltda. - 2238-7854 .- 2214-0697. ; 28, s. 3526-3540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explains development of high strength and lightweight Ti6Al4V5Cr alloy by μ-plasma powder additive manufacturing (μ-PPAM) process for automotive, aerospace, military, dies and moulds, and other similar applications. Microstructure, formation of phases, porosity, microhardness, tensile properties, abrasion resistance, and fracture toughness of multi-layer deposition of Ti6Al4V5Cr alloy are studied and compared with Ti6Al4V alloy. Results reveal that the presence of chromium in Ti6Al4V5Cr alloy refined the grains of its β-Ti and α-Ti phases, increased volume % of β-Ti phase, and promoted formation of its equiaxed grains. It also increased tensile strength, microhardness, abrasion resistance, and fracture toughness of Ti6Al4V5Cr alloy. It enhanced solid solution strengthening and formed higher hardness imparting intermetallic Cr2Ti phase and changed fracture mode to mixed ductile and brittle mode with larger size dimples, cleavage facets, and micropores. But it decreased formation temperature of β-Ti phase and % elongation as compared to Ti6Al4V alloy. Chromium and vanadium content in β-Ti phase of Ti6Al4V5Cr alloy is 7 % and 2.1 % more than its α-Ti phase. This study demonstrates that inclusion of limited amount of chromium content to Ti6Al4V5Cr alloy by μ-PPAM process is very beneficial to enhance microstructure, mechanical properties, crack propagation resistance, and abrasive wear resistance of the Ti6Al4V5Cr alloy. It makes Ti6Al4V5Cr alloy very useful in many commercial applications that require higher strength than Ti6Al4V alloy along with lightweight requirement.
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| 11. |
- Kumar, A. Naresh, et al.
(författare)
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Upgrading the value of anaerobic fermentation via renewable chemicals production : A sustainable integration for circular bioeconomy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 806, part 1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The single bioprocess approach has certain limitations in terms of process efficiency, product synthesis, and effective resource utilization. Integrated or combined bioprocessing maximizes resource recovery and creates a novel platform to establish sustainable biorefineries. Anaerobic fermentation (AF) is a well-established process for the transformation of organic waste into biogas; conversely, biogas CO2 separation is a challenging and cost-effective process. Biological fixation of CO2 for succinic acid (SA) mitigates CO2 separation issues and produces commercially important renewable chemicals. Additionally, utilizing digestate rich in volatile fatty acid (VFA) to produce medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) creates a novel integrated platform by utilizing residual organic metabolites. The present review encapsulates the advantages and limitations of AF along with biogas CO2 fixation for SA and digestate rich in VFA utilization for MCFA in a closed-loop approach. Biomethane and biohydrogen process CO2 utilization for SA production is cohesively deliberated along with the role of biohydrogen as an alternative reducing agent to augment SA yields. Similarly, MCFA production using VFA as a substrate and function of electron donors namely ethanol, lactate, and hydrogen are comprehensively discussed. A road map to establish the fermentative biorefinery approach in the framework of AF integrated sustainable bioprocess development is deliberated along with limitations and factors influencing for techno-economic analysis. The discussed integrated approach significantly contributes to promote the circular bioeconomy by establishing carbon-neutral processes in accord with sustainable development goals.
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| 12. |
- Tuli, Hardeep Singh, et al.
(författare)
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Natural flavonoids exhibit potent anticancer activity by targeting microRNAs in cancer : A signature step hinting towards clinical perfection
- 2023
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Ingår i: Translational Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1936-5233. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer prevalence and its rate of incidence are constantly rising since the past few decades. Owing to the toxicity of present-day antineoplastic drugs, it is imperative to explore safer and more effective molecules to combat and/or prevent this dreaded disease. Flavonoids, a class of polyphenols, have exhibited multifaceted implications against several diseases including cancer, without showing significant toxicity towards the normal cells. Shredded pieces of evidence suggest that flavonoids can enhance drug sensitivity and suppress proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis of cancer cells by modulating several oncogenic or oncosuppressor microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs). They play pivotal roles in regulation of various biological and pathological processes, including various cancers. In the present review, the structure, chemistry and miR targeting efficacy of quercetin, luteolin, silibinin, genistein, epigallocatechin gallate, and cyanidin against several cancer types are comprehensively discussed. miRs are considered as next-generation medicine of recent times, and their targeting by naturally occurring flavonoids in cancer cells could be deemed as a signature step. We anticipate that our compilations related to miRNA-mediated regulation of cancer cells by flavonoids might catapult the clinical investigations and affirmation in the future.
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| 13. |
- Artomov, Mykyta, et al.
(författare)
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Rare variant, gene-based association study of hereditary melanoma using whole-exome sequencing
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 109:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Extraordinary progress has been made in our understanding of common variants in many diseases, including melanoma. Because the contribution of rare coding variants is not as well characterized, we performed an exome-wide, gene-based association study of familial cutaneous melanoma (CM) and ocular melanoma (OM). Methods: Using 11 990 jointly processed individual DNA samples, whole-exome sequencing was performed, followed by largescale joint variant calling using GATK (Genome Analysis ToolKit). PLINK/SEQ was used for statistical analysis of genetic variation. Fourmodels were used to estimate the association among different types of variants. In vitro functional validation was performed using three humanmelanoma cell lines in 2D and 3D proliferation assays. In vivo tumor growth was assessed using xenografts of humanmelanoma A375melanoma cells in nudemice (eightmice per group). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Strong signals were detected for CDKN2A (Pmin = 6.16×10-8) in the CM cohort (n=273) and BAP1 (Pmin = 3.83×10-6) in the OM (n=99) cohort. Eleven genes that exhibited borderline association (P < 10-4) were independently validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas melanoma cohort (379 CM, 47 OM) and a matched set of 3563 European controls with CDKN2A (P = .009), BAP1 (P = .03), and EBF3 (P = 4.75×10-4), a candidate risk locus, all showing evidence of replication. EBF3 was then evaluated using germline data from a set of 132 familial melanoma cases and 4769 controls of UK origin (joint P = 1.37×10-5). Somatically, loss of EBF3 expression correlated with progression, poorer outcome, and high MITF tumors. Functionally, induction of EBF3 in melanoma cells reduced cell growth in vitro, retarded tumor formation in vivo, and reduced MITF levels. Conclusions: The results of this large rare variant germline association study further define the mutational landscape of hereditary melanoma and implicate EBF3 as a possible CM predisposition gene.
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| 14. |
- Bolin, David, et al.
(författare)
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REGULARITY AND NUMERICAL APPROXIMATION OF FRACTIONAL ELLIPTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS ON COMPACT METRIC GRAPHS
- 2023
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Ingår i: Mathematics of Computation. - 1088-6842 .- 0025-5718. ; In Press
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fractional differential equation L(beta)u = f posed on a compact metric graph is considered, where beta > 0 and L = kappa(2) - del(a del ) is a second order elliptic operator equipped with certain vertex conditions and sufficiently smooth and positive coefficients kappa, a. We demonstrate the existence of a unique solution for a general class of vertex conditions and derive the regularity of the solution in the specific case of Kirchhoff vertex conditions. These results are extended to the stochastic setting when f is replaced by Gaussian white noise. For the deterministic and stochastic settings under generalized Kirchhoff vertex conditions, we propose a numerical solution based on a finite element approximation combined with a rational approximation of the fractional power L-beta. For the resulting approximation, the strong error is analyzed in the deterministic case, and the strong mean squared error as well as the L-2( Gamma x Gamma )error of the covariance function of the solution are analyzed in the stochastic setting. Explicit rates of convergences are derived for all cases. Numerical experiments for L = kappa(2) - del, kappa > 0 are performed to illustrate the results.
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| 15. |
- Chaudhary, Bhavesh, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring temperature-controlled friction stir powder additive manufacturing process for multi-layer deposition of aluminum alloys
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Research and Technology - JMR&T. - : Elsevier. - 2238-7854. ; 20, s. 260-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents preliminary study on multi-layer deposition of aerospace grade Al 6061 alloy by novel friction stir powder additive manufacturing process. Minimum temperature of deposition was in-situ maintained using close loop temperature-controlled system for minimizing thermal gradient in the build direction. Maximum temperature during the deposition was monitored in-situ using pyrometer and thermal imaging camera. Use of a tool with circumferential and radial grooves and continuous external heating facilitated smooth three-layer deposition of Al 6061 alloy with 60% deposition efficiency and 417 degrees C as maximum deposition temperature. Larger value of temperature at deposition zone improved material flowability and deposition quality. Microstructure of multi-layer deposition found to consist of fine sub-grains. Element analysis showed uniform distribution of major alloying elements in it. Phase analysis revealed Al along with Mg2Si hardening precipitates. Tensile strength and microhardness were close to the commercially available wrought AA6061-T4 alloy. It showed ductility with 16% elongation. The presented process is a viable alternative to fusion-based additive manufacturing processes for multi-layer depositions of aerospace grade and other lightweight alloys which are difficult-to-additively-manufacture.
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| 16. |
- Chaudhary, Bhavesh, et al.
(författare)
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Friction stir powder additive manufacturing of Al 6061 alloy : Enhancing microstructure and mechanical properties by reducing thermal gradient
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Research and Technology. - : Elsevier. - 2238-7854 .- 2214-0697. ; 26, s. 1168-1184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additive manufacturing of Al alloys by fusion-based processes often leads to higher thermal gradients along the build direction resulting in anisotropy, and solidification-related defects such as porosity, hot-cracking, and lack of inter and intra-layer fusion. Therefore, this paper focuses on solid state multi-layer manufacturing of Al 6061 alloy by friction stir powder additive manufacturing (FSPAM) process and enhancing its microstructure and mechanical properties through reduction of thermal gradient along the build direction by maintaining the substrate close to its artificial aging temperature using external heat source in a close-loop with it. The continuous dynamic recrystallization along with reduced thermal gradient led to homogenous microstructure, fine and equiaxed grains of Al 6061 alloy multi-layer deposition. The inherent compressive forces in FSPAM process promoted intimate contact among the powder particles presenting 0.19% porosity. Energy dispersive spectroscopy showed absence of agglomeration of alloying elements due to better mixing of feedstock material beneath the tool. Phase analysis revealed presence of Al and hardening phase Mg2Si with slight shifting of peaks towards higher angle indicating compressive residual stresses. Tensile properties and microhardness of Al 6061 alloy are closer to AA6061-T4 and better than AA6061-O alloy. Reduced thermal gradient contributed to minimal variations in microhardness (8.8%) along the build direction. Fracture morphology analysis exhibited a significant number of dimples indicating ductile nature of Al 6061 alloy with 16.7% elongation. The study presented a new approach for manufacturing Al alloys using their feedstock in powder form and with improved microstructure and mechanical properties.
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| 17. |
- Chaudhary, Bhavesh, et al.
(författare)
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Friction stir powder additive manufacturing of Al 6061/FeCoNi and Al 6061/Ni metal matrix composites : Reinforcement distribution, microstructure, residual stresses, and mechanical properties
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Processing Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0924-0136 .- 1873-4774. ; 319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fusion based additive manufacturing (FBAM) of second, sixth, and seventh series Al alloys and their metal matrix composites (MMC) is difficult due to their higher thermal conductivity and solidification related problems namely porosity, cracks, thermal distortion, and formation of undesired phases. This paper presents friction stir powder additive manufacturing (FSPAM) process as a promising alternative to overcome these problems in producing multi-layer depositions of Al 6061 based MMCs namely Al 6061/6wt%FeCoNi and Al 6061/6wt%Ni. Their microstructure, distribution and elemental mapping of reinforcement particles, phase analysis, residual stresses of the MMCs and their correlation with microhardness, tensile strength, and fretting wear characteristics are investigated. Material accumulation on their advancing side was minimized by changing tool rotation direction in consecutive layers which produced smoother surfaces on both sides of their deposition. FSPAM made multi-layer depositions of Al 6061/FeCoNi and Al 6061/Ni MMCs have uniform distribution of reinforcement particles, good bonding between layers without cracks and defects, refined and equiaxed grains facilitated by dynamic recrystallization and pinning effect of reinforcement particles, compressive residual stresses of 39 and 48 MPa, no formation of deleterious intermetallic compounds due to absence of melting of matrix and reinforcement, and bowl-shaped substrate-deposition interface. Microhardness and ultimate tensile strength of the MMCs improved by 11.3% and 22.3%, and 30.5% and 31.5% respectively than Al 6061 alloy depositions, their wear resistance enhanced significantly, but % elongation reduced. This study proves FSPAM to be a potential alternative to FBAM processes for better quality multi-layer deposition of Al alloy-based MMCs.
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| 18. |
- Chaudhary, Bhavesh, et al.
(författare)
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Progress in solid-state additive manufacturing of composites
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Solid State Additive Manufacturing. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 9781032616025 ; , s. 127-168
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aluminum-based metal matrix composites have a wide range of applications in the automotive and aerospace industries due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. They are difficult to manufacture using fusion-based additive manufacturing (FBAM) processes because of solidification problems such as thermal stresses, hot cracks and porosity. Moreover, the formation of undesired phases at high temperature creates anisotropy in the composites. To overcome these problems, promising solid-state additive manufacturing (SSAM) processes such as ultrasonic AM, cold-spray AM, friction stir AM, and additive friction stir deposition have been developed. These solid-state processes introduce a novel concept for AM where material is added layer by layer in the solid state by maintaining the maximum temperature below the melting point of feedstock material. These processes have demonstrated the uniform distribution of reinforcing particles, fine-grained microstructure along with good bonding of layers which can offer improved scope for Industry 4.0 applications. This chapter summarizes progress in the SSAM of composites with an emphasis on aluminum-based composites. In addition, various challenges and future work have been briefly discussed which would be helpful to the researchers and industrialist working in the field of SSAM of composites.
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| 19. |
- Dakshinamurthi, Ashwin Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Site directed mutagenesis of human Interleukin-2 gene to increase the stability of the gene product : A Bioinformatics Approach
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Bioinformatics Research. - 0975-3087. ; 1:2, s. 4-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an immunoregulatory cytokine whose biological effects are mediated through interaction with specific receptors on the surface of target cells. Due to its presumed role in generating a normal immune response, IL-2 is being evaluated for the treatment of a variety of tumors, in addition to infectious diseases. Main drawback of human IL-2 is that the molecule is relatively unstable. Therefore, with the objective of increasing the stability of the molecule, site directed mutagenesis of human IL-2 gene was carried out. Early studies indicated that mutations at three Cysteine residues (58, 105, 125) which are in the active sites of human IL-2 resulted in the reduced stability as well as the biological activity of the molecule. Therefore, mutations were carried out at the positions of amino acid other than the receptor binding sites at 111Valine to Arginine, 117Lysine to Glutamine and 133 Threonine to Asparagine of the human sequence by comparing it with the bovine sequence which has higher stability than the human counterpart, using SWISS PDB tool. To understand the biological activity of the mutated IL-2, energy minimization studies were carried out using SWISS-PDB. Docking studies were performed to check the reliability of the results using HEX DOCK, ARGUS LAB and PATCH DOCK between the IL-2 receptor and its mutated Ligand. These docking results also confirmed that the reliability of these mutated IL-2 gene. Stability, half life and ADME characteristics of these mutants can be studied in a detailed manner in the in vivo studies.
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| 20. |
- Deswal, Renu, et al.
(författare)
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Plant proteomics in India and Nepal : Current status and challenges ahead
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0971-5894 .- 0974-0430. ; 19:4, s. 461-477
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant proteomics has made tremendous contributions in understanding the complex processes of plant biology. Here, its current status in India and Nepal is discussed. Gel-based proteomics is predominantly utilized on crops and non-crops to analyze majorly abiotic (49 %) and biotic (18 %) stress, development (11 %) and post-translational modifications (7 %). Rice is the most explored system (36 %) with major focus on abiotic mainly dehydration (36 %) stress. In spite of expensive proteomics setup and scarcity of trained workforce, output in form of publications is encouraging. To boost plant proteomics in India and Nepal, researchers have discussed ground level issues among themselves and with the International Plant Proteomics Organization (INPPO) to act in priority on concerns like food security. Active collaboration may help in translating this knowledge to fruitful applications.
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| 21. |
- Grüning, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Bioconda: A sustainable and comprehensive software distribution for the life sciences
- 2017
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present Bioconda (https://bioconda.github.io), a distribution of bioinformatics software for the lightweight, multi-platform and language-agnostic package manager Conda. Currently, Bioconda offers a collection of over 3000 software packages, which is continuously maintained, updated, and extended by a growing global community of more than 200 contributors. Bioconda improves analysis reproducibility by allowing users to define isolated environments with defined software versions, all of which are easily installed and managed without administrative privileges.
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| 22. |
- Gupta, Rajeev Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of 11 years of crop residue management on rice productivity under varied nitrogen levels in the rice-wheat cropping system
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Plant, Soil and Environment (Praha). - : Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences. - 1214-1178 .- 1805-9368. ; 69:7, s. 333-343
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study compares the six crop residue management techniques in main plots (since 2008) and three split nitrogen (N) levels, i.e., 75, 100 and 125 kg N/ha in subplots for rice crops for two years, i.e., 2019 and 2020, in sandy loam soil under field conditions. This experiment evaluated the long-term effect on rice productivity, soil organic carbon content and nutrient requirement in rice-wheat cropping system. The results revealed that different crop residue management practices and N levels significantly influenced rice growth, yield and yield attributes and improved nutrient uptake by grain and straw. Maximum grain yields of 20.8% and 17.8% higher over the conventional (no straw) treatment during 2019 and 2020, respectively, were recorded where the rice and wheat residue was re-tained or incorporated. The rice grain yield without residue responded significantly up to 125 kg N/ha. Whereas, with rice and wheat residue, rice grain yield did not respond to the application of N beyond 75 kg N/ha during both years.
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| 23. |
- Gupta, Rajeev Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Interactive effects of long-term management of crop residue and phosphorus fertilization on wheat productivity and soil health in the rice–wheat
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the context of degradation of soil health, environmental pollution, and yield stagnation in the rice–wheat system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia, an experiment was established in split plot design to assess the long-term effect of crop residue management on productivity and phosphorus requirement of wheat in rice–wheat system. The experiment comprised of six crop residue management practices as the main treatment factor with three levels (0, 30 and 60 kg P2O5 ha–1) of phosphorus fertilizer as sub-treatments. Significant improvement in soil aggregation, bulk density, and infiltration rate was observed under residue management (retention/incorporation) treatments compared to residue removal or residue burning. Soil organic carbon (SOC), available nutrient content (N, P, and K), microbial count, and enzyme activities were also significantly higher in conservation tillage and residue-treated plots than without residue/burning treatments. The residue derived from both crops when was either retained/incorporated improved the soil organic carbon (0.80%) and resulted in a significant increase in SOC (73.9%) in the topsoil layer as compared to the conventional practice. The mean effect studies revealed that crop residue management practices and phosphorus levels significantly influenced wheat yield attributes and productivity. The higher grain yield of wheat was recorded in two treatments, i.e. the basal application of 60 kg P2O5 ha–1 without residue incorporation and the other with half the P-fertilizer (30 kg P2O5 ha–1) with rice residue only. The grain yield of wheat where the rice and wheat residue were either retained/incorporated without phosphorus application was at par with 30 and 60 kg P2O5ha–1. Phosphorus levels also significantly affected wheat productivity and available P content in the soil. Therefore, results suggested that crop residue retention following the conservation tillage approach improved the yield of wheat cultivated in the rice–wheat cropping system.
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| 24. |
- Gupta, Surbhi, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli papG gene using CRISPR-dot nanocomplex reduced virulence of UPEC
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common infectious diseases in the world. It is becoming increasingly tough to treat because of emergence of antibiotic resistance. So, there is an exigency to develop novel anti-virulence therapeutics to combat multi-drug resistance pathogenic strains. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) discovery has revolutionized the gene editing technology for targeted approach. The greatest obstacle for CRISPR/Cas9 is cargo delivery systems and both viral and plasmid methods have disadvantages. Here, we report a highly efficient novel CRISPR based gene editing strategy, CRISPR-dots for targeting virulence factor Fimbrial Adhesion (papG gene), the bacterial adhesion molecule. Carbon quantum dots (CQD) were used as a delivery vehicle for Cas9 and gRNA into CFT073, a UPEC strain. CQDs were covalently conjugated to cas9 and papG-targeted guide RNA (gRNA) forming a nanocomplex CRISPR-dots (Cri-dots) as confirmed by DLS and transmission electron microscopy. Cri-dots-papG significantly targeted papG as demonstrated by decrease in the expression of papG.Further papG deficient UPEC had significantly reduced adherence ability and biofilm forming ability as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Also, papG deficient UPEC had reduced virulence as shown by significantly increased survival of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) worms compared to UPEC. Our findings suggest that targeting of papG gene using Cri-dots nanocomplexes significantly reduced the pathogenicity of UPEC. Thus, Cri-dots nanocomplex offer a novel anti-bacterial strategy against multi-drug resistant UPEC.
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| 25. |
- Jayne, David R W, et al.
(författare)
-
Glomerulonephritides.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2385. ; 29 Suppl 3, s. 27-29
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 26. |
- Kumar, Vivek, et al.
(författare)
-
VISU at WASSA 2023 Shared Task : Detecting Emotions in Reaction to News Stories Using Transformers and Stacked Embeddings
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment, & Social Media Analysis. - Stroudsburg, PA : Association for Computational Linguistics. - 9781959429876 ; , s. 581-586
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our system, VISU, participated in the WASSA 2023 Shared Task (3) of Emotion Classification from essays written in reaction to news articles. Emotion detection from complex dialogues is challenging and often requires context/domain understanding. Therefore in this research, we have focused on developing deep learning (DL) models using the combination of word embedding representations with tailored prepossessing strategies to capture the nuances of emotions expressed. Our experiments used static and contextual embeddings (individual and stacked) with Bidirectional Long short-term memory (BiLSTM) and Transformer based models. We occupied rank tenth in the emotion detection task by scoring a Macro F1-Score of 0.2717, validating the efficacy of our implemented approaches for small and imbalanced datasets with mixed categories of target emotions. © 2023 Association for Computational Linguistics.
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| 27. |
- Lebrette, Hugo, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Structure of a ribonucleotide reductase R2 protein radical
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 382:6666, s. 109-113
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aerobic ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) initiate synthesis of DNA building blocks by generating a free radical within the R2 subunit; the radical is subsequently shuttled to the catalytic R1 subunit through proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). We present a high-resolution room temperature structure of the class Ie R2 protein radical captured by x-ray free electron laser serial femtosecond crystallography. The structure reveals conformational reorganization to shield the radical and connect it to the translocation path, with structural changes propagating to the surface where the protein interacts with the catalytic R1 subunit. Restructuring of the hydrogen bond network, including a notably short O-O interaction of 2.41 angstroms, likely tunes and gates the radical during PCET. These structural results help explain radical handling and mobilization in RNR and have general implications for radical transfer in proteins.
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| 28. |
- Patel, Mahesh, et al.
(författare)
-
Enhancement of tensile and fatigue properties of hybrid aluminium matrix composite via multipass friction stir processing
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of materials research and technology. - : Elsevier. - 2238-7854. ; 21, s. 4811-4823
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In present work, friction stir processing (FSP) has been used to fabricate hybrid aluminium matrix composite (HAMC) using a mixture of 6% ZrO2 and 6% Ni as reinforcement particles. Four different passes (1, 2, 4, and 6) were used to study the influence of multipass FSP on tensile properties, residual stresses, and fatigue performance of HAMCs. Six pass FSP led to significantly improved tensile properties due to more uniform distribution of reinforced particles and refined grains, and enhanced compressive residual stresses to-106 +/- 6.8 MPa compared to-9 +/- 1.8 MPa in base material. The increment in fatigue life of HAMCs is 31% (two passes), 61% (four passes), and 69% (six passes) as compared to the base material (4.08 x 105 cycles) for the lowest maximum applied stress of 100 MPa. The fatigue fracture characteristics of HAMCs with more than one FSP pass were found to be ductile-brittle mixed mode. The study concluded better fatigue life of (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 29. |
- Quraishi, Marzuqa, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploiting microbes in the petroleum field : Analyzing the credibility of microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR)
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 14:15
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crude oil is a major energy source that is exploited globally to achieve economic growth. To meet the growing demands for oil, in an environment of stringent environmental regulations and economic and technical pressure, industries have been required to develop novel oil salvaging techniques. The remaining ~70% of the world’s conventional oil (one-third of the available total petroleum) is trapped in depleted and marginal reservoirs, and could thus be potentially recovered and used. The only means of extracting this oil is via microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). This tertiary oil recovery method employs indigenous microorganisms and their metabolic products to enhance oil mobilization. Although a significant amount of research has been undertaken on MEOR, the absence of convincing evidence has contributed to the petroleum industry’s low interest, as evidenced by the issuance of 400+ patents on MEOR that have not been accepted by this sector. The majority of the world’s MEOR field trials are briefly described in this review. However, the presented research fails to provide valid verification that the microbial system has the potential to address the identified constraints. Rather than promising certainty, MEOR will persist as an unverified concept unless further research and investigations are carried out.
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| 30. |
- Raman, Raghu, et al.
(författare)
-
Understanding the Bibliometric Patterns of Publications in IEEE Access
- 2022
-
Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2169-3536. ; 10, s. 35561-35577
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IEEE Access journal started in 2013, and in a short period, it has attained recognition for being a preferred multidisciplinary journal, with characteristics of rapid and continuous publishing. It is now ranked among the top journals in Engineering and Computer Science (General) by Scopus. Recognizing the distinctive nature of the journal and its contributions in the broader area of Engineering and Computer Science, this article attempts to present a detailed bibliometric analysis of the journal to identify publishing patterns, authorship and collaboration structure, citation impact, funding patterns of the published research, and the thematic structure of the publication. The gender distribution is also computed to identify papers published by male and female authors. The social media visibility of the articles and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) connections of articles were also identified. The results indicate that the IA journal can attract novel, high-quality multidisciplinary research, which aligns with the relevant and the most pressing SDGs. Furthermore, the journal has experienced increased multi-authored multidisciplinary research, and it is publishing a more significant percentage of articles with female first authors.
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| 31. |
- Sharma, Daulat Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Recent Developments in Hybrid Surface Metal Matrix Composites Produced by Friction Stir Processing : A Review
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of tribology. - : ASME International. - 0742-4787 .- 1528-8897. ; 143:5, s. 050801-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The metal matrix composites combine the metallic properties of a tough and ductile matrix with properties of reinforcement particles, simultaneously develop the functional properties by proper selection of reinforcements for projected applications. However, hard ceramics reinforcements decrease toughness and ductility of soft matrix and restrict their wide applications. The surface metal matrix composites (SMMCs) preserve the matrix properties with added advanced surface properties by reinforcing particles only in the surface layer. The hybrid surface metal matrix composites (HSMMCs) with more than one reinforcement gained attention in material processing due to their noble tribological behavior and surface properties, which cannot be attained in mono composites. Conventional liquid-phase processing techniques to fabricate hybrid surface composites result in the formation of undesirable brittle compounds, detrimental to desirable properties of composites. Friction stir processing (FSP), a solid-state processing technique, has been used by many investigators using different reinforcements to fabricate mono as well as hybrid surface composites. Friction stir processed (FSPed) hybrid surface composites have not been extensively reviewed. The current review provides a comprehensive understanding of the latest developments of FSP in hybrid surface composites manufacturing. This paper review different reinforcement strategies in the fabrication of FSPed hybrid surface composites and also the effects of single-pass, multipass, and change in pass direction on microstructure and resultant properties. Finally, future directions and challenges to FSPed hybrid surface composites are summarized. This review article containing important information on hybrid surface composites fabrication by FSP will be useful to academicians and investigators in the field.
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| 32. |
- Srivastava, Manu, et al.
(författare)
-
A review of various materials for additive manufacturing : Recent trends and processing issues
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of materials research and technology. - : Elsevier. - 2238-7854. ; 21, s. 2612-2641
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tremendous growth has been witnessed in the field of additive manufacturing (AM) technology over the last few decades. It offers a plethora of applications and is already being utilized in almost every sphere of life. Owing to inherent differences between each AM technique, newer fields of research consistently emerge and demand attention. Also, the innovative applications of AM open up newer challenges and thus avenues for focused attention. One such avenue is AM materials. Raw material plays an important role in determining the properties of fabricated part. The type and form of raw material largely depend on the type of AM fabricators. There is a restriction on material compatibility with most of the established AM techniques. This review aims to provide an overview of various aspects of AM materials highlighting the progress made especially over the past two decades.
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| 33. |
- Sundriyal, Vivek Kumar, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamics of founding team diversity and venture outcomes : A simulation approach
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal. - Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons. - 1932-4391 .- 1932-443X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research summary: Entrepreneurship research overlooks the dynamics of changing diversity in founding teams. Our simulations calibrated from existing studies suggest that founding teams that change diversity exhibit greater discounted performance for their ventures due to being less diverse and thus their ventures surviving longer, compared to teams that maintain their diversity. Moreover, discounted performance is higher for teams changing diversity due to other teams' performance than due to their own poor performance. Simulating without membership changes the interdependence between team diversity, venture performance, and team disruption, we find that while team diversity is overall performance-enhancing, this association differs across contexts and its impact varies as ventures mature. Founding team diversity should thus be seen as a continuum where moderate diversity can best serve teams in turbulent environments. Managerial summary: We simulated the behavior of founding teams over time to show that compared to teams that do not change their diversity, those who do experience greater discounted performance for their business ventures. This improvement stems from the increased longevity, and thus greater accumulated performance, for teams that switch since they are more rather than less homogeneous. Our investigation also indicates that ventures led by teams that change diversity because they aspire to outperform other teams, tend to exhibit greater discounted performance than those that change diversity to outperform themselves. When we investigate the interconnectedness of teams' diversity, ventures' performance, and disruption, albeit without allowing for any changes in team diversity, we find that while diversity usually helps, teams moderately diversified tend to perform best in turbulent times. © 2024 The Author(s). Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Strategic Management Society.
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| 34. |
- Sundriyal, Vivek Kumar, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamics of founding team diversity and venture outcomes: A simulation approach
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal. - : WILEY. - 1932-4391 .- 1932-443X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research summaryEntrepreneurship research overlooks the dynamics of changing diversity in founding teams. Our simulations calibrated from existing studies suggest that founding teams that change diversity exhibit greater discounted performance for their ventures due to being less diverse and thus their ventures surviving longer, compared to teams that maintain their diversity. Moreover, discounted performance is higher for teams changing diversity due to other teams' performance than due to their own poor performance. Simulating without membership changes the interdependence between team diversity, venture performance, and team disruption, we find that while team diversity is overall performance-enhancing, this association differs across contexts and its impact varies as ventures mature. Founding team diversity should thus be seen as a continuum where moderate diversity can best serve teams in turbulent environments.Managerial summaryWe simulated the behavior of founding teams over time to show that compared to teams that do not change their diversity, those who do experience greater discounted performance for their business ventures. This improvement stems from the increased longevity, and thus greater accumulated performance, for teams that switch since they are more rather than less homogeneous. Our investigation also indicates that ventures led by teams that change diversity because they aspire to outperform other teams, tend to exhibit greater discounted performance than those that change diversity to outperform themselves. When we investigate the interconnectedness of teams' diversity, ventures' performance, and disruption, albeit without allowing for any changes in team diversity, we find that while diversity usually helps, teams moderately diversified tend to perform best in turbulent times.
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| 35. |
- Sundriyal, Vivek Kumar
(författare)
-
Entrepreneurship as a Career : An investigation into the pre-entrepreneurship antecedents and post-entrepreneurship outcomes among the Science and Technology Labor Force (STLF) in Sweden
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation provides a career perspective on entrepreneurship based on the research question: “How do organizational bureaucracy and relative income affect the career choice of entrepreneurship among employees from the science and technology labor force (STLF); and what are the career outcomes in terms of returns during, and post entrepreneurship on re-entry into paid employment?” More specifically, the dissertation investigates (1) how mobility into entrepreneurship versus switching jobs is influenced by the level of bureaucracy in the organization and individual’s relative income compared to similar individuals and (2) how labor market returns after a period in entrepreneurship are influenced by the duration and number of prior spells in entrepreneurship, as well as the level of bureaucracy in the employer organization prior to and after entrepreneurship. Based on a matched employer-employee dataset (1990-2008) provided by Statistics Sweden, the results suggest that organizational bureaucracy and income inequality markedly influence an employee’s career choice of entrepreneurship versus a job switch, as well the initial income and entry size in entrepreneurship. Additionally, the results indicate that the returns from entrepreneurship on re-entry into paid employment differ based on the number of years in entrepreneurship, number of spells in entrepreneurship, the employer bureaucracy prior to entry into entrepreneurship, and employer bureaucracy on re-entry into paid employment. The dissertation contributes to the research on entrepreneurial careers, entrepreneurial entry, and the returns from entrepreneurship.
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| 36. |
- Sundriyal, Vivek Kumar
(författare)
-
Organizational Managers and their Returns from Entrepreneurship on Re-Entry into Paid Employment: Evidence from the Science & Technology Labor Force (STLF) in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Academy of Management Proceedings.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Do entrepreneurs benefit post their entrepreneurial careers on re-entry into paid employment? An answer to this question provides a career value of engaging in an entrepreneurial career. Results have so far been inconclusive suggesting that we still do not know whether entrepreneurship pays or not. Using job matching as the main theoretical foundation, this study investigates how the returns from entrepreneurship are likely to be contingent on the re-entry organizational rank (managers versus non-managers) of the entrepreneur re-entering paid employment post a career in entrepreneurship. Additionally, the study investigates how the returns from entrepreneurship are likely to be contingent on the combination of pre-entrepreneurial entry organizational rank and re-entry organizational rank. Matching managers and non-managers from a sample of STLF in Sweden between 1990 and 2008, relative to wage employees with similar observational characteristics, results indicate that upon re-entry into paid employment, entrepreneurs seem to benefit more in managerial ranks suggesting skills from entrepreneurship are likely to provide higher returns in managerial positions.
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| 37. |
- Sundriyal, Vivek Kumar, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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The employment consequences of founding an incorporated business among STEM founders : Evidence from Swedish microdata
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Technovation. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0166-4972 .- 1879-2383. ; 133
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To what extent do STEM founders benefit from having founded an incorporated business upon returning to employment? Addressing this question would indicate the career value of engaging in entrepreneurship for STEM founders—but an answer remains elusive in the current literature. Drawing on human capital theory, we investigate the earnings consequences for STEM founders who return to employment post-founding a business and whether the earnings are contingent on their rank (managerial versus non-managerial) in the returning organization. Comparing founders to employees with similar characteristics in the STEM labor force in Sweden between 1990 and 2015, we find that founders, on average, earn marginally more (about 1.5%) on returning to employment. However, the earnings are likely to vary significantly depending on rank in the returning organization, as well as other factors such as founders’ age, previous earnings in wage employment, and the size of their employer on return. We discuss the implications for research and practice. © 2024 The Authors
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| 38. |
- Tiwari, Jitendar Kumar, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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Engineered microstructure evolution in inconel 718 via laser powder bed fusion through a novel element-based approach
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Vacuum. - 0042-207X. ; 222
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engineered microstructure enables localised control in mechanical properties within a single material. In this research, a novel element-based approach is proposed to engineer the microstructure by varying the laser power and scan speed in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. A sample containing 25 elements were printed at different laser power and scan speed values and the resultant microstructure exhibited that the textured grains increase with laser energy density (LED). Subsequently, the measured hardness of the element printed at highest LED was approximately 14 % higher than the element printed at lowest LED. Current research is a proof of concept for the element-based approach to engineer the microstructure through L-PBF technique which can be extended to the component level by correlating the microstructure with element position and laser parameters.
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| 39. |
- Verma, Vivek, et al.
(författare)
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α-Hemolysin of uropathogenic E. coli regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in THP-1 macrophages
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hemolysin expressing UPEC strains have been associated with severe advanced kidney pathologies, such as cystitis and pyelonephritis, which are associated with an inflammatory response. Macrophages play an important role in regulating an inflammatory response during a urinary tract infection. We have studied the role of purified recombinant α-hemolysin in inducing inflammatory responses and cell death in macrophages. Acylation at lysine residues through HlyC is known to activate proHlyA into a fully functional pore-forming toxin, HlyA. It was observed that active α-hemolysin (HlyA) induced cleavage of caspase-1 leading to the maturation of IL-1β, while inactive α-hemolysin (proHlyA) failed to do so in THP-1 derived macrophages. HlyA also promotes deubiquitination, oligomerization, and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which was found to be dependent on potassium efflux. We have also observed the co-localization of NLRP3 within mitochondria during HlyA stimulations. Moreover, blocking of potassium efflux improved the mitochondrial health in addition to a decreased inflammatory response. Our study demonstrates that HlyA stimulation caused perturbance in potassium homeostasis, which led to the mitochondrial dysfunction followed by an acute inflammatory response, resulting in cell death. However, the repletion of intracellular potassium stores could avoid HlyA induced macrophage cell death. The findings of this study will help to understand the mechanism of α-hemolysin induced inflammatory response and cell death.
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