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- Buchanan, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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The Psychological Science Accelerator's COVID-19 rapid-response dataset
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data.
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- Borisov, S, et al.
(författare)
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Surveillance of adverse events in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: first global report
- 2019
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 54:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that countries implement pharmacovigilance and collect information on active drug safety monitoring (aDSM) and management of adverse events.The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of adverse events to anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in a cohort of consecutive TB patients treated with new (i.e. bedaquiline, delamanid) and repurposed (i.e. clofazimine, linezolid) drugs, based on the WHO aDSM project. Adverse events were collected prospectively after attribution to a specific drug together with demographic, bacteriological, radiological and clinical information at diagnosis and during therapy. This interim analysis included patients who completed or were still on treatment at time of data collection.Globally, 45 centres from 26 countries/regions reported 658 patients (68.7% male, 4.4% HIV co-infected) treated as follows: 87.7% with bedaquiline, 18.4% with delamanid (6.1% with both), 81.5% with linezolid and 32.4% with clofazimine. Overall, 504 adverse event episodes were reported: 447 (88.7%) were classified as minor (grade 1–2) and 57 (11.3%) as serious (grade 3–5). The majority of the 57 serious adverse events reported by 55 patients (51 out of 57, 89.5%) ultimately resolved. Among patients reporting serious adverse events, some drugs held responsible were discontinued: bedaquiline in 0.35% (two out of 577), delamanid in 0.8% (one out of 121), linezolid in 1.9% (10 out of 536) and clofazimine in 1.4% (three out of 213) of patients. Serious adverse events were reported in 6.9% (nine out of 131) of patients treated with amikacin, 0.4% (one out of 221) with ethionamide/prothionamide, 2.8% (15 out of 536) with linezolid and 1.8% (eight out of 498) with cycloserine/terizidone.The aDSM study provided valuable information, but implementation needs scaling-up to support patient-centred care.
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- Gunther, G, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Europe: a TBNET study
- 2015
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Ingår i: The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. - : International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. - 1815-7920. ; 19:12, s. 1524-1527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- van den Elsen, SHJ, et al.
(författare)
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Prospective evaluation of improving fluoroquinolone exposure using centralised therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in patients with tuberculosis (PERFECT): a study protocol of a prospective multicentre cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 10:6, s. e035350-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment success rates remain suboptimal. Highly active WHO group A drugs moxifloxacin and levofloxacin show intraindividual and interindividual pharmacokinetic variability which can cause low drug exposure. Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of fluoroquinolones is recommended to personalise the drug dosage, aiming to prevent the development of drug resistance and optimise treatment. However, TDM is considered laborious and expensive, and the clinical benefit in MDR-TB has not been extensively studied. This observational multicentre study aims to determine the feasibility of centralised TDM and to investigate the impact of fluoroquinolone TDM on sputum conversion rates in patients with MDR-TB compared with historical controls.Methods and analysisPatients aged 18 years or older with sputum smear and culture-positive pulmonary MDR-TB will be eligible for inclusion. Patients receiving TDM using a limited sampling strategy (t=0 and t=5 hours) will be matched to historical controls without TDM in a 1:2 ratio. Sample analysis and dosing advice will be performed in a centralised laboratory. Centralised TDM will be considered feasible if >80% of the dosing recommendations are returned within 7 days after sampling and 100% within 14 days. The number of patients who are sputum smear and culture-negative after 2 months of treatment will be determined in the prospective TDM group and will be compared with the control group without TDM to determine the impact of TDM.Ethics and disseminationEthical clearance was obtained by the ethical review committees of the 10 participating hospitals according to local procedures or is pending (online supplementary file 1). Patients will be included after obtaining written informed consent. We aim to publish the study results in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03409315).
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| 19. |
- Alvarez, J. L., et al.
(författare)
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Educational inequalities in tuberculosis mortality in sixteen European populations
- 2011
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. - : International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. - 1027-3719 .- 1815-7920. ; 15:11, s. 1461-1467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe the magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities in tuberculosis (TB) mortality by level of education in male, female, urban and rural populations in several European countries. DESIGN: Data were obtained from the Eurothine Project, covering 16 populations between 1990 and 2003. Age- and sex-standardised mortality rates, the relative index of inequality and the slope index of inequality were used to assess educational inequalities. RESULTS: The number of TB deaths reported was 8530, with a death rate of 3 per 100000 per year, of which 73% were males. Educational inequalities in TB mortality were present in all European populations. Inequalities in TB mortality were greater than in total mortality. Relative and absolute inequalities were large in Eastern European and Baltic countries but relatively small in Southern European countries and in Norway, Finland and Sweden. Inequalities in mortality were observed among both men and women, and in both rural and urban populations. CONCLUSIONS: Socio-economic inequalities in TB mortality exist in all European countries. Firm political commitment is required to reduce inequalities in the social determinants of TB incidence. Targeted public health measures are called for to improve access to treatment of vulnerable groups and thereby reduce TB mortality.
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- Giskes, K, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in smoking behaviour between 1985 and 2000 in nine European countries by education
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 1470-2738 .- 0143-005X. ; 59:5, s. 395-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine whether trends in smoking behaviour in Western Europe between 1985 and 2000 differed by education group. Design: Data of smoking behaviour and education level were obtained from national cross sectional surveys conducted between 1985 and 2000 (a period characterised by intense tobacco control policies) and analysed for countries combined and each country separately. Annual trends in smoking prevalence and the quantity of cigarettes consumed by smokers were summarised for each education level. Education inequalities in smoking were examined at four time points. Setting: Data were obtained from nine European countries: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, and Spain. Participants: 451 386 non-institutionalised men and women 25-79 years old. Main outcome measures: Smoking status, daily quantity of cigarettes consumed by smokers. Results: Combined country analyses showed greater declines in smoking and tobacco consumption among tertiary educated men and women compared with their less educated counterparts. In country specific analyses, elementary educated British men and women, and elementary educated Italian men showed greater declines in smoking than their more educated counterparts. Among Swedish, Finnish, Danish, German, Italian, and Spanish women, greater declines were seen among more educated groups. Conclusions: Widening education inequalities in smoking related diseases may be seen in several European countries in the future. More insight into effective strategies specifically targeting the smoking behaviour of low educated groups may be gained from examining the tobacco control policies of the UK and Italy over this period.
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- Septiono, W., et al.
(författare)
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Changes in adolescent smoking with implementation of local smoke-free policies in Indonesia: Quasi-experimental repeat cross-sectional analysis of national surveys of 2007 and 2013
- 2020
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Banning smoking from public places may prevent adolescent smoking, but there is little evidence on impact of smoke-free policies (SFPs) from low and middle-income countries. This study assessed to what extent the adoption of local SPFs in Indonesia between 2007 and 2013 associated with adolescent smoking. Methods: Data on 239,170 adolescents (12-17 years old) were derived from the 2007 and 2013 national health surveys in 497 districts and 33 provinces. This study compared 2013 survey respondents living in districts/provinces that adopted SFPs between 2007 and 2013, with 2007 respondents and 2013 respondents in districts/provinces that did not adopt policies. Multilevel logistic regression analysis assessed whether SFP was associated with daily and non-daily smoking. We controlled for survey year, SFP in 2007, socio-demographics, and district characteristics. Results: Strong district SFPs was significantly associated with lower odds of daily smoking (OR:0.81, 95 %CI:0.69-0.97), but non-significantly with non-daily smoking (OR:0.89, 95 %CI:0.76-1.05). Strong provincial SFPs was not associated with daily smoking (OR:1.02, 95 %CI:0.84-1.25), but was associated with higher odds of non-daily smoking (OR:1.22, 95 %CI:0.99-1.51). Moderately strong SFPs did not consistently show associations in the same direction. For example, moderately strong provincial SFP was associated with higher odds of daily smoking (OR:1.27, 95 %CI:1.11-1.46) and lower odds of non-daily smoking (OR:0.82, 95 %CI:0.72-0.93). Conclusion: We did not detect a consistent short-term effect of district and province-level smoke-free policies on adolescent smoking in Indonesia. Weak implementation and poor compliance may compromise effectiveness, which would call for improvement of SFP implementation in Indonesia.
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| 28. |
- Septiono, Wahyu, et al.
(författare)
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Progress of smoke-free policy adoption at district level in Indonesia: A policy diffusion study
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Drug Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-3959 .- 1873-4758. ; 71:September, s. 93-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Even though Indonesia has not ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), district and provincial stakeholders are increasingly adopting smoke-free policies (SFPs). This study aimed to 1) assess whether local SFP adoption in Indonesia followed a horizontal or vertical diffusion pattern and 2) identify district characteristics that are associated with the SFP adoption. Methods: Policy documents enacted during 2004–2015 were compiled from 33 provinces and 510 districts in Indonesia. First, we described the geographical distributions of the policy adoption. Second, we ran logistic regression to assess the associations of district SFP adoption with having adjacent districts that had adopted SFPs (i.e. horizontal diffusion) and being situated in a province that had adopted SFPs (i.e. vertical diffusion). Third, the associations between district characteristics (population density, GDP, tobacco production) and SFP adoption were assessed using logistic regression. Results: By 2015, a total of 17 provinces and 143 districts had adopted SFPs. Districts with SFPs were more concentrated in the western part of Indonesia. Adoption was more likely in districts of which adjacent districts had already adopted SFPs (OR: 2.02; 95%CI: 1.26–3.23), and less likely when the province had already adopted SFPs (OR: 0.19; 95%CI: 0.11 – 0.34). Adoption was more likely in districts with higher GDP (OR high vs low GDP: 3.28; 95%CI: 1.80–5.98) and higher population density (OR high vs low density: 6.57; 95%CI: 3.63–11.9). High tobacco production showed a strong inverse association with SPF adoption (OR high vs. no production: 0.36; 95%CI: 0.17–0.74). Conclusions: Smoke-free policy adoption in Indonesian districts followed a horizontal diffusion pattern, with poorer and rural districts lagging behind in their policy adoption. Our results indicate that local-level policy development is important for smoke-free policy adoption in countries with decentralised governments, but that effective advocacy is needed to counteract tobacco industry interference. © 2019
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| 29. |
- Septiono, W., et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported exposure of Indonesian adolescents to online and offline tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Tobacco Control. - : BMJ. - 0964-4563 .- 1468-3318. ; 31:1, s. 98-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To quantify tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS), self-reported exposure from online and offline platforms among adolescents in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional school-based survey was conducted in 2017. In total, 2820 students aged 13-18 years were recruited from 22 schools in seven cities. Respondents reported TAPS exposure on online (online news, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram), and offline platforms (broadcast media, tobacco industry sponsored events and outdoor advertising). For outdoor advertisements, respondents reported the locations where they were exposed. We used multilevel analysis to assess TAPS exposure by age, gender, smoking status and city. Results: Online TAPS exposure was high on Instagram (29.6%), and relatively low on Twitter (7.3%). Offline TAPS exposure was high via television (74.0%), billboards (54.4%) and live music events (46.2%), but low on radio (6.9%). In all cities, outdoor advertising was seen particularly on the streets and in minimarkets. Overall, TAPS exposure was higher among older than younger adolescents, boys than girls, and smokers than non-smokers. Conclusions: Overall TAPS exposure was high on both online and offline platforms. Banning online tobacco advertising, in addition to complete bans on outdoor and television advertising, is essential to adequately protect Indonesian adolescents from tobacco advertising. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
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| 30. |
- Septiono, W., et al.
(författare)
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The impact of local smoke-free policies on smoking behaviour among adults in Indonesia: a quasi-experimental national study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims To investigate to what extent the adoption of local smoke-free policies (SFPs) in Indonesia in 2007-13 was associated with changes in adult smoking behaviour. Design A quasi-experimental study. Setting Indonesia, 2007 and 2013. Participants A total of 1 052 611 > 25-year-old adults. Data were derived from the 2007 and 2013 Indonesian national health survey. Measurements For both years, provincial and district SFPs were identified from government documents in 497 districts in 33 provinces. Multi-level logistic regression analysis assessed the association of adoption of provincial and district SFPs between 2007 and 2013 with smoking continuation (among ever-smokers), current smoking and high smoking intensity (among current smokers). We controlled for survey year, SFP in 2007, socio-demographics and district characteristics. Findings Provincial SFP exposure was associated with lower odds of smoking continuation [strong SFP versus no SFP: odds ratio (OR) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.66-0.76] and smoking intensity (strong SFP: OR= 0.91, 95% CI = 0.86-0.97), but also with higher odds of current smoking (strong SFP versus no SFP: OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.04-1.12). District SFP exposure was associated with higher odds of smoking continuation (strong SFP versus no SFP: OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01-1.14) and current smoking (strong SFP versus no SFP: OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.05-1.14), but with lower odds of smoking intensity (moderately strong SFP versus no SFP: OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.91-0.99). Conclusions There may be an association between the adoption of local smoke-free policies in Indonesia and decreased adult smoking intensity. However, the evidence is inconsistent, which may reflect problems with policy implementation and enforcement
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| 31. |
- Septiono, W., et al.
(författare)
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The Mediating Role of Parental Factors in the Social Patterning of Smoking among Adolescents in Urban Indonesia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. - : Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention. - 1513-7368. ; 22:10, s. 3127-3135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Parental factors may explain part of the social patterning of smoking among adolescents. This study aims at assessing the association between adolescent smoking and family characteristics (parental education, family wealth, and religion) and the mediating role of parental factors (smoking, control, and permissiveness towards smoking). Methods: In 2017, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in eight Indonesian cities among 2,393 students aged 13–18 years. Multilevel logistic regression analysis estimated the associations between family characteristics and adolescent smoking. Generalized Structural Equation Models (GSEM) quantified mediation of these associations by parental factors. Analyses were stratified by gender. Results: Smoking prevalence was 35.8% among boys and 2.6% among girls. Odds of smoking were higher among those with lower parental education among boys (low vs. high: OR:1.57, 95%CI:1.01-2.43), but not girls (OR:0.91, 95%CI:0.24-3.43). The association among boys was partially mediated by father’s smoking status, parental control, and parental permissiveness towards smoking. High family wealth was associated with higher odds of smoking among girls (poorer vs. wealthier: OR:0.39, 95%CI:0.15-0.99), but not boys (OR:0.76, 95%CI:0.52-1.10). This association among girls was not clearly mediated by parental factors. Religion was not associated with smoking among boys or girls. Conclusions: In Indonesia’s urban settings, inequalities in boys’ smoking by educational background may be addressed by measures aimed at supporting lower educated parents to improve parental control and to reduce permissiveness towards smoking. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
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- van Boeckel, Petra G. A., et al.
(författare)
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No association between educational level and pancreatic cancer incidence in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-7821 .- 1877-783X. ; 34:6, s. 696-701
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Until now, studies examining the relationship between socioeconomic status and pancreatic cancer incidence have been inconclusive. Aim: To prospectively investigate to what extent pancreatic cancer incidence varies according to educational level within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Methods: In the EPIC study, socioeconomic status at baseline was measured using the highest level of education attained. Hazard ratios by educational level and a summary index, the relative indices of inequality (Rh), were estimated using Cox regression models stratified by age, gender, and center and adjusted for known risk factors. In addition, we conducted separate analyses by age, gender and geographical region. Results: Within the source population of 407, 944 individuals at baseline, 490 first incident primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases were identified in 9 European countries. The crude difference in risk of pancreatic cancer according to level of education was small and not statistically significant (RII = 1.14, 95% CI 0.80-1.62). Adjustment for known risk factors reduced the inequality estimates to only a small extent. In addition, no statistically significant associations were observed for age groups (adjusted RII <= (60) (years) = 0.85, 95% CI 0.44-1.64, adjusted RII> 60 years = 1.18, 95% CI 0.73-1.90), gender (adjusted RIImale = 1.20, 95% CI 0.68-2.10, adjusted RIIfemale = 0.96, 95% CI 0.56-1.62) or geographical region (adjusted RIINorthern Europe = 1.14, 95% CI 0.81-1.61, adjusted RIIMiddle (Europe) = 1.72, 95% CI 0.93-3.19, adjusted RIISouthern Europe = 0.75, 95% CI 0.32-1.80). Conclusion: Despite large educational inequalities in many risk factors within the EPIC study, we found no evidence for an association between educational level and the risk of developing pancreatic cancer in this European cohort. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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