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- Helmens, Karin F., et al.
(författare)
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Warm summers and rich biotic communities during N-Hemisphere deglaciation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Global and Planetary Change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-8181 .- 1872-6364. ; 167, s. 61-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detailed studies on fossil remains of plants or animals in glacial lake sediments are rare. As a result, environmental conditions right at the moment of deglaciation of the large N-Hemisphere ice-sheets remain largely unknown. Here we study three deglacial phases of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet as a unique, repeated element in a long sediment record preserved at Soldl in northern Finland. We summarize extensive multi-proxy data (diatoms, phytoliths, chironomids, pollen, spores, non-pollen palynomorphs, macrofossils, lithology, loss-on-ignition, C/N) obtained on glacial lake sediments dated to the early Holocene (ca. 10 kyr BP), early MIS 3 (ca. 50 kyr BP) and early MIS 5a (ca. 80 kyr BP). In contrast to the common view of an unproductive ice-marginal environment, our study reconstructs rich ecosystems both in the glacial lake and along the shores with forest on recently deglaciated land. Higher than present-day summer temperatures are reconstructed based on a large variety of aquatic taxa. Rich biota developed due to the insolation-induced postglacial warming and high nutrient levels, the latter resulting from erosion of fresh bedrock and sediment, leaching of surface soils, decay of plant material under shallow water conditions, and sudden decreases in lake volume. Aquatic communities responded quickly to deglaciation and warm summers and reflect boreal conditions, in contrast to the terrestrial ecosystem which responded with some delay probably due to time required for slow soil formation processes. Birch forest is reconstructed upon deglaciation of the large LGM ice-sheet and shrub tundra following the probably faster melting smaller MIS 4 and MIS 5b ice-sheets. Our study shows that glacial lake sediments can provide valuable palaeo-environmental data, that aquatic biota and terrestrial vegetation rapidly accommodated to new environmental conditions during deglaciation, and that glacial lake ecosystems, and the carbon stored in their sediments, should be included in earth system modeling.
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- Kuosmanen, L., et al.
(författare)
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Development process of artificial intelligence based chatbot to support and promote mental wellbeing in sparsely populated areas of five European countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 65:1, SI, s. 168-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionIn many countries, people face problems regarding access to care, 24/7 support and evidence-based support. Digital interventions and services, such as chatbots, can be one option to tackle these challenges. There is a lack knowledge regarding how mental health chatbots are developed and how to ensure that there is collaboration between mental health and digital technology experts and users.ObjectivesThis presentation describes the phases of the development for the ChatPal mental health and wellbeing chatbot.MethodsDevelopment process was conducted in five and with four different languages. First, using an electronic survey for mental health professionals (n =190) we screened how familiar they are with chatbots and how they evaluated their potential. Second, university students and staff, mental health professionals and service users (n=78) participated in workshops to design the chatbot content. Finally, the content and scripts of chatbot were written in multi-professional and multi-national collaboration.ResultsChatPal is based on the PERMAH model of positive psychology and on the idea that we all have mental health which needs boosting and support from time to time. ChatPal includes relevant mental health information, exercises, mood diaries and simple monitoring and self-care tools. Based on preliminary evaluations, the ChatPal chatbot offers an option to offer support in areas where other mental health services are lacking or are insufficient.ConclusionsChatPal is already freely available in application stores and first scientific trials are have started. Preliminary results of 4-week and subsequent 12-week in-the-wild trials will be in place at the time of EPA 2022 conference.
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| 4. |
- Potts, C., et al.
(författare)
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Chatbots to Support Mental Wellbeing of People Living in Rural Areas: Can User Groups Contribute to Co-design?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science. - : Springer. - 2366-5963. ; 6, s. 652-665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital technologies such as chatbots can be used in the field of mental health. In particular, chatbots can be used to support citizens living in sparsely populated areas who face problems such as poor access to mental health services, lack of 24/7 support, barriers to engagement, lack of age appropriate support and reductions in health budgets. The aim of this study was to establish if user groups can design content for a chatbot to support the mental wellbeing of individuals in rural areas. University students and staff, mental health professionals and mental health service users (N = 78 total) were recruited to workshops across Northern Ireland, Ireland, Scotland, Finland and Sweden. The findings revealed that participants wanted a positive chatbot that was able to listen, support, inform and build a rapport with users. Gamification could be used within the chatbot to increase user engagement and retention. Content within the chatbot could include validated mental health scales and appropriate response triggers, such as signposting to external resources should the user disclose potentially harmful information or suicidal intent. Overall, the workshop participants identified user needs which can be transformed into chatbot requirements. Responsible design of mental healthcare chatbots should consider what users want or need, but also what chatbot features artificial intelligence can competently facilitate and which features mental health professionals would endorse.
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- Santoro, Aurelia, et al.
(författare)
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Combating inflammaging through a Mediterranean whole diet approach : The NU-AGE project's conceptual framework and design
- 2014
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Ingår i: Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. - Clare, Ireland : Elsevier BV. - 0047-6374 .- 1872-6216. ; 136-137, s. 3-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of a chronic, low grade, inflammatory status named "inflammaging" is a major characteristic of ageing, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. Inflammaging is both local and systemic, and a variety of organs and systems contribute inflammatory stimuli that accumulate lifelong. The NU-AGE rationale is that a one year Mediterranean whole diet (considered by UNESCO a heritage of humanity), newly designed to meet the nutritional needs of the elderly, will reduce inflammaging in fully characterized subjects aged 65-79 years of age, and will have systemic beneficial effects on health status (physical and cognitive). Before and after the dietary intervention a comprehensive set of analyses, including omics (transcriptomics, epigenetics, metabolomics and metagenomics) will be performed to identify the underpinning molecular mechanisms. NU-AGE will set up a comprehensive database as a tool for a systems biology approach to inflammaging and nutrition. NU-AGE is highly interdisciplinary, includes leading research centres in Europe on nutrition and ageing, and is complemented by EU multinational food industries and SMEs, interested in the production of functional and enriched/advanced traditional food tailored for the elderly market, and European Federations targeting policy makers and major stakeholders, from consumers to EU Food & Drink Industries.
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- Nieminen, H., et al.
(författare)
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Coproducing multilingual conversational scripts for a mental wellbeing chatbot - where healthcare domain experts become chatbot designers
- 2022
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 65:1, SI, s. 293-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionDigital mental health interventions, such as chatbots that promote mental health and wellbeing are a promising way to deliver low-threshold support 24/7 for those in need. According to current knowledge about the topic, health care professionals should participate in the design and development processes for digital interventions.ObjectivesThe aim of this presentation is to describe the interdisciplinary content development process of the ChatPal chatbot.MethodsThe content development process started in co-operation with mental health professionals and potential users to identify requirements. Content was created, evaluated and tested in international, multi-disciplinary group workshops, and online tools were used to allow the collaboration. Initial conversational scripts were drafted in English, and translated into Finnish, Swedish and Scottish Gaelic.ResultsA multilingual chatbot was developed and the conversation scripts were structured and stored using a spreadsheet. The conversation scripts will be made freely available online in due course using this structured approach to formatting chatbot dialogue content. It will allow repurposing the content as well as facilitating studies that wish to assess the design of conversation scripts for mental health chatbots. Conversation design process also highlighted some challenges in turning empathetic and supportive conversations to short utterances suitable for a chatbot.ConclusionsThe ChatPal chatbot is now available in four languages. As literature about the topic is still scarce, it is important to describe and document the content development processes of mental health chatbots. Future work will develop a conversational UX toolkit that would allow health professionals to design chatbot scripts using design guidelines.
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| 11. |
- Potts, Courtney, et al.
(författare)
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Insights and lessons learned from trialling a mental health chatbot in the wild
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC). - : IEEE. ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reports on the development and ‘in the wild’ trialling of a chatbot (ChatPal) which promotes good mental wellbeing. A stakeholder-centered approach for design was adopted where end users, mental health professionals and service users were involved in the design which was centered around positive psychology. In the wild usage of the chatbot was investigated from Jul-20-Mar-21. Exploratory analyses of usage metrics were carried out using the event log data. User tenure, unique usage days, total chatbot interactions and average daily interactions were used in K-means clustering to identify user archetypes. The chatbot was used by a variety of age groups (18-65+) and genders, mainly those living in Ireland. K-means clustering identified three clusters: sporadic users (n=4), frequent transient users (n=38) and abandoning users (n=169) each with distinct usage characteristics. This study highlights the importance of event log data analysis for making improvements to the mental health chatbot.
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