| 1. |
- Siiner, Maarja, et al.
(författare)
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Situating language acquisition planning
- 2018
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Ingår i: Language Policy and Language Acquisition Planning. - 9783319759623 - 9783319759630 ; , s. 1-10
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Agebjörn, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Explicit and Implicit Knowledge of Article Semantics in Belarusian Learners of English: Implications for Teaching
- 2020
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Ingår i: Formal Linguistics and Language Education : New Empirical Perspectives - New Empirical Perspectives. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1572-0292 .- 2215-1656. - 9783030392567 - 9783030392574 ; 43, s. 179-201
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study investigates explicit and implicit knowledge of article semantics in 26 second language learners of English. Their first languages, Russian and Belarusian, lack articles. The research question is whether explicit knowledge, operationalised as an ability to explain what principle governs the choice between the definite and the indefinite article in a multiple-choice test, is associated with target-like use of articles in an oral, communicative task, assumed to tap mainly into implicit knowledge. No correlation between explicit and implicit knowledge, as measured with the two tasks, was found, suggesting that explicit knowledge is not necessary to acquire article semantics in this group of learners. The result is discussed within a modular, cognitive framework, and implications for teaching are considered.
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| 4. |
- Colonna Dahlman, Roberta, et al.
(författare)
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Attrition at the interfaces in bilectal acquisition (Italian/Gallipolino)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Theoretical Approaches to Linguistic Variation. - Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 0166-0829. - 9789027257178 - 9789027266316 ; 234, s. 295-316
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate whether native speakers of Gallipolino, bilectals who have acquired Gallipolino as L1 (together with standard Italian) in their childhood, who have left Gallipoli after puberty and currently use standard Italian as their primary language, display effects of attrition with respect to subordinate clauses embedded under the complementizers ku and ka. Our hypothesis is that complementizer selection in Gallipolino exhibits emergent optionality (that leads to ungrammaticality) due to influence of standard Italian. To test this hypothesis, a grammaticality judgment task has been designed and administered to 14 participants.
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| 7. |
- Einfeldt, Marieke, et al.
(författare)
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The production of geminates in Italian-dominant bilinguals and heritage speakers of Italian
- 2019
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Ingår i: LIA Language, Interaction and Acquisition. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1879-7865 .- 1879-7873. ; 10:2, s. 177-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in adult Italian-German bilinguals based on the production of gemination, a phenomenon that exists in Italian but not in German. We analyzed the spontaneous Italian speech of two groups of Italian-German bilinguals (heritage speakers of Italian and Italian-dominant bilinguals) and a monolingual Italian control group. The results show that the geminates produced by the speakers in both bilingual groups were longer than their singletons. From this it seems that gemination is not affected by CLI. Based on our results, we discuss whether CLI is determined by (1) markedness, (2) frequency of Italian input during acquisition, (3) language dominance or (4) relevance (e.g. phonemic status), concluding that the latter is most crucial.
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| 9. |
- Einfeldt, Marieke, et al.
(författare)
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THREE FIRST LANGUAGES (3L1) AT ONCE : A CASE STUDY OF TRILINGUAL CONSONANT DEVELOPMENT
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lingue e Linguaggio. - 1720-9331. ; 21:1, s. 73-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the development of the consonant inventories of a trilingual child acquiring Standard German, Swiss German and Italian simultaneously to find out whether and how mono- and trilingual acquisition differ. We examine our findings in the light of cross-linguistic interaction (CLI) and language separation in multilingual first language acquisition. To this end, longitudinal trilingual data as well as monolingual control data was analyzed for all three languages. We will discuss the role of language internal factors (markedness, frequency, complexity, typological proximity) for CLI as well as external ones (quantity and quality of input, dominance, metalinguistic awareness). Results speak for an independent development of the three sound systems with little CLI. Some sounds showed accelerated developments, arguably due to higher metalinguistic awareness resulting in advanced articulatory skills.
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| 10. |
- Ferin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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LexVEN: A quick vocabulary test for proficiency in Venetan
- 2023
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Ingår i: Isogloss. - 2385-4138. ; 9:1, s. 1-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While there is growing awareness that knowledge of regional minority languages must be protected, assessing the vitality of such varieties is challenging due to the lack of assessment materials. Our contribution documents the creation and validation of LexVEN, a bimodal yes/no vocabulary task, with the purpose of assessing the proficiency of users of Venetan with receptive and/or productive skills. The materials will be freely available. The vocabulary items were validated in a survey with 161 speakers of Italian, of which 136 came from the Veneto area. We have relied on Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) in validating test items, and we demonstrate correlations with self-reported measures of proficiency and language use. Given the absence of any other assessment tools of Venetan for cross-validation, we further collected speech samples from a subset of the Venetan participants with active proficiency whose proficiency was rated by native speakers of Venetan. We discuss the procedures within a validation framework, concluding that LexVEN is reliable as a proficiency assessment tool of Venetan.
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| 15. |
- Kupisch, Tanja, et al.
(författare)
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Article acquisition in English, German, Norwegian and Swedish
- 2009
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Ingår i: Little Words. - Washington : Georgetown University Press. - 9781589012547 ; , s. 223-235
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Article omission is a well-documented phenomenon in early child speech. Interestingly, children differ in terms of how extensively they omit articles depending on their age and what language(s) they are exposed to. Different accounts have been proposed to account for this cross-linguistic variation. One of the most widely discussed models is the Nominal Mapping Parameter (NMP), originally proposed in Chierchia (1998), which relates variation in child language to the syntactic and semantic properties of noun phrases across languages (e.g. Chierchia, Guasti and Gualmini 1999, Guasti and Gavarró 2003, Guasti et al. 2004). Other influential accounts of determiner omission have been formulated in prosody-oriented research (e.g. Gerken 1991, 1994, Lleó 1998, 2001, Lleó and Demuth 1999, Roark and Demuth 2000, Demuth et al., in press). So far, no common agreement has been reached.This paper presents a study on article acquisition in English, German, Norwegian and Swedish, where article use is subject to similar syntactic and semantic conditions. Hence, the NMP predicts similar acquisition patterns. In terms of their metrical structure, noun phrases in these languages differ considerably. Accordingly, different acquisition patterns are expected.
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| 16. |
- Kupisch, Tanja, et al.
(författare)
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Article acquisition in German, English, Norwegian and Swedish
- 2009
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Ingår i: Little Words: Their History, Phonology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics, and Acquisition. - 0072-1212. - 9781589015975 ; , s. 223-235
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 17. |
- Kupisch, Tanja, et al.
(författare)
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Determiner use in Italian Swedish and Italian German children: Do Swedish and German represent the same parameter setting?
- 2007
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this article we compare the acquisition of determiners in bilingual children acquiring Italian simultaneously with German or Swedish. We are concerned with cross-linguistic differences in the rate of acquisition and we discuss in particular the Nominal Mapping Parameter, a model according to which the syntax-semantics interface is crucial in acquisition and which predicts similar developmental patterns for children acquiring a Germanic language. We show that Swedish determiners are acquired more easily than German determiners, which implies that predictions for developmental patterns should not be based on syntactic factors alone, but must make reference to typological differences in morphology and phonology. Furthermore, we show that the acquisition of Italian determiners is affected positively by the simultaneous acquisition of Swedish but that no such effect arises when Italian is acquired simultaneously with German.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Kupisch, Tanja, et al.
(författare)
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Foreign accent in adult simultaneous bilinguals
- 2015
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Ingår i: Heritage Language Journal. - 1550-7076. ; 11:2, s. 123-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study reported in this paper examines foreign accent (FA) in adult simultaneous bilinguals (2L1ers). Specifically, we investigate how accent is affected if a first language is acquired as a minority (heritage) language as compared to a majority (dominant) language. We compare the perceived FA in both languages of 38 adult 2L1ers (German-French and German-Italian) to that of monolingual native speakers (L1ers) and late second language learners (L2ers). Naturalistic speech samples are judged by 84 native speakers of the respective languages. Results indicate that the majority language is always spoken without an FA, while results for the heritage language fall between those of L1 and L2 speakers. For the heritage language, we further show that a native accent correlates with length of residence in the heritage country during childhood but not during adulthood. Furthermore, raters have comparatively more difficulties when judging the accent of a heritage speaker. The results of this study add to our current understanding of what factors shape the phonology of a heritage language system in adulthood.
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| 27. |
- Kupisch, Tanja
(författare)
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Specific and generic subjects in the Italian of German-Italian simultaneous bilinguals and L2 learners
- 2012
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Ingår i: Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. - 1366-7289. ; 15:4, s. 736-756
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates definite articles in specific and generic subject nominals in Italian spoken by adult simultaneous bilinguals (2L1ers) and second language learners (L2ers). The study focuses on plural and mass DPs, in which German and Italian differ. The aims are to (i) compare acquisition outcomes between the weaker and the stronger language in 2L1 acquisition, (ii) see in a comparison with L2ers whether the phenomenon under investigation, which is typically acquired late (after age 6;0), lacks age of onset effects, and (iii) discuss predictions for the directionality of cross-linguistic influence. Twenty German-Italian 2L1ers and 15 advanced L2ers of Italian with German as their native language were tested in an acceptability judgment task and a truth value judgment task. The results show clear differences between Italian as the weaker and as the stronger language in 2L1 acquisition, and similarities between Italian as L2 and as the weaker language in 2L1 acquisition.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Lein, Tatjana, et al.
(författare)
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Voice onset time and global foreign accent in German-French simultaneous bilinguals during adulthood
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Bilingualism. - : SAGE Publications. - 1367-0069 .- 1756-6878. ; 20:6, s. 732-749
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives: In this study, we investigated crosslinguistic influence in the phonetic systems of simultaneous bilinguals (2L1s) during adulthood. Methodology: Specifically, we analyzed the voice onset time (VOT) of the voiceless stop /k/ in the spontaneous speech of 14 German–French bilinguals who grew up in France or Germany. We looked at both languages, first comparing the groups, second comparing their VOT to their global accent. Data and analysis: The material consisted of interviews, lasting for about half an hour. Findings/conclusions: Most 2L1s showed distinct VOT-ranges in their two languages, even if they were perceived to have a foreign accent in the minority language of their childhood environment. We conclude that the phonetic systems of 2L1s remain separate and stable throughout the lifespan. However, the 2L1s from France had significantly shorter VOTs in German than the 2L1s from Germany, and their speech was overall more accented. These findings are discussed with respect to the role of intra- and extra-linguistic factors. Originality: Our study adds a new perspective to existing VOT studies of bilinguals by using naturalistic speech data and by comparing two groups of 2L1s who have the same language combination but grew up in different countries, which allows us to evaluate the impact of their childhood environment on VOT development. Significance/implications: Language exposure during childhood seems to be beneficial for pronunciation during adulthood.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Lloyd-Smith, Anika, et al.
(författare)
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Heritage language proficiency does not predict syntactic CLI into L3 English
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1367-0050 .- 1747-7522. ; 24:3, s. 435-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in the acquisition of embedded wh-questions in L3 English in German-dominant heritage speakers (HSs) of Italian. Specifically, we investigate whether a higher proficiency in the heritage language Italian increases the potential for CLI from that language. To this end, 21 adult-aged Italian-German early bilinguals and 32 monolingual controls (L1 speakers of Italian, German, or English) completed an acceptability judgement task that tested the acquisition of embedded wh-questions in English (while also controlling for the acquisition of the relevant properties in German and Italian). Language dominance was assessed using a yes/no vocabulary test and a proficiency index based on various aspects of self-reported language use and proficiency. Our results suggest that syntactic CLI occurs from both languages and that this is unrelated to overall dominance in German or proficiency in Italian.
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| 37. |
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| 40. |
- Lloyd-Smith, Anika, et al.
(författare)
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Transfer into L3 English : Global accent in German-dominant heritage speakers of Turkish
- 2017
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Ingår i: Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1879-9264 .- 1879-9272. ; 7:2, s. 131-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is concerned with L3 acquisition in heritage speakers (HSs). The goals are to incorporate HSs into L3 acquisition research and investigate the role of language dominance for predicting L3 transfer. We analyze global accent in German-Turkish early bilinguals, HSs of Turkish, who acquired English as their L3. Twenty native-speaker judges determined accent strength and accent source in the speech of 18 bilinguals as well as 15 controls (L1 English, L1 German, L1 Turkish) when speaking English. Results show, firstly, that bilinguals are perceived as less accented than L1 Turkish speakers and similar to L1 German speakers. Secondly, unlike L1 controls, there is no uniform accent source for HSs when speaking their L3. Our results question the role of age of acquisition, while being generally consistent with the TPM. However, HSs seem to benefit from bilingual experience and structure-based transfer can be overpowered by high proficiency.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Lloyd-Smith, Anika, et al.
(författare)
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Why Language Matters : Inequality Perceptions among the Sámi in Sweden and Norway
- 2023
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Ingår i: 'The Politics of Inequality' Policy Papers. - : University of Konstanz. ; :11, s. 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Every two weeks, one of the world’s estimated 7,000 languages dies. Yet what are the consequences of having to give up one’s native language? Speakers of minority languages worldwide face barriers to using their languages outside their homes, often with negative consequences for educational and economic success. A new survey of the Indigenous Sámi in Sweden and Norway suggests that language policies are key to perceptions of inequality. Speakers of the Sámi languages have lower perceptions of their societal standing than Sámi who have given up the language. Combined with insights from an in-depth study on Sámi language education, our findings suggest that policies should facilitate language maintenance in linguistic minorities. Supporting these languages may help to reduce feelings of discrimination
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| 47. |
- White, Lydia, et al.
(författare)
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Restrictions on definiteness in L2 English
- 2009
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Ingår i: BUCLD 33: Proceedings of the 33rd annual Boston University Conference on Language Development. - 9781574730944 ; , s. 622-633
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 48. |
- White, Lydia, et al.
(författare)
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Restrictions on definiteness in second language acquisition : affirmative and negative existentials in the L2 English of Turkish and Russian speakers
- 2012
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Ingår i: Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1879-9264 .- 1879-9272. ; 2:1, s. 54-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedIn this paper we investigate whether learners of L2 English show knowledge of the Definiteness Effect (Milsark, 1977), which restricts definite expressions from appearing in the existential there-insertion construction. There are cross-linguistic differences in how restrictions on definiteness play out. In English, definite expressions may not occur in either affirmative or negative existentials (e.g. There is a/*the mouse in my soup; There isn’t a/*the mouse in my soup). In Turkish and Russian, affirmative existentials observe a restriction similar to English, whereas negative existentials do not. We report on a series of experiments conducted with learners of English whose L1s are Turkish and Russian, of intermediate and advanced proficiency. Native speakers also took the test in English, Turkish, and Russian. The task involved acceptability judgments. Subjects were presented with short contexts, each followed by a sentence to be judged as natural/unnatural. Test items included affirmative and negative existentials, as well as items testing apparent exceptions to definiteness restrictions. Results show that both intermediate and advanced L2ers respond like English native speakers, crucially rejecting definites in negative existentials. A comparison with the groups taking the test in Russian and Turkish confirms that judgments in the L2 are quite different from the L1, suggesting that transfer cannot provide the explanation for learner success.
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| 49. |
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