| 1. |
- Shahbazi, Sasha, et al.
(författare)
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Material efficiency measurement : Swedish case studies
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 181, s. 17-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major factor in the continued deterioration of the global environment is unsustainable management of resources that includes the type and quantity of resources consumed and manufactured as well as the subsequent generation and treatment of wasted materials. Improved material efficiency (ME) in manufacturing is key to reducing resource consumption levels and improving waste management initiatives. However, ME must be measured, and related goals must be broken down into performance indicators for manufacturing companies. This paper aims to improve ME in manufacturing using a structured model for ME performance measurements. We present a set of ME key performance indicators (ME-KPIs) at the individual company and lower operational levels based on empirical studies and a structured literature review. Our empirical findings are based on data collected on the performance indicators and material and waste flows of nine manufacturing companies located in Sweden. The proposed model categorizes ME-KPIs into the following categories: productive input materials, auxiliary input materials, output products, and residual output materials. These categories must be measured equally to facilitate the measurement, assessment, improvement and reporting of material consumption and waste generation in a manufacturing context. Required qualities for ME-KPI suggested in literature are also discussed, and missing indicators are identified. Most of the identified ME-KPIs measure quality- and cost-related factors, while end-of-life scenarios, waste segregation and the environmental effects of waste generation and material consumption are not equally measured. Additionally, ME-KPIs must also be connected to pre-determined goals and that defining or revising ME-KPIs requires communication with various external and internal actors to increase employees’ awareness and engagement.
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| 2. |
- Zackrisson, Mats, 1958-
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of electric vehicle batteries and new technologies
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Electrification of vehicles has for decades been explored as a possible solution to the problem of climate change. Today, in 2021, the issue is no longer whether the electrification of vehicle fleets ought to happen but rather how it can be achieved with as little environmental impact as possible.The objective of this thesis is therefore to facilitate the use of life cycle assessment (LCA) for the evaluation and improvement of the environmental performance of electric vehicle traction batteries. The lack of LCA data on several traction battery chemistries and some associated LCA methodological difficulties have been identified as important research gaps. The broader purpose of this thesis is to contribute to sustainable industrial and societal change that involves new technologies.This thesis examines three research questions related to LCA in new technology introduction: (1) LCA data issues regarding present and future lithium traction battery chemistries. (2) LCA methodological issues regarding present and future lithium traction battery chemistries. (3) Use of LCA in product and production development to advance the introduction of sustainable consumption and production of any new technology. The results emphasise e.g. to always include the use phase in LCA traction battery studies and to improve battery energy density but not to the detriment of battery internal efficiency. Furthermore, it points to use two abiotic depletion measures to reflect scarce materials in both the short term and the long term. Additionally, it is recommended to calculate the results for all relevant functional units, because it facilitates comparisons and reflection, to choose environmental impact categories for traction batteries from a ranking list, as well as to use chemical risk assessment from a life cycle perspective to complement and develop within-LCA toxicity impact methods. To some extent, the above results are applicable for most development of new technology. A general recommendation for all technology development striving to include LCA is to use screening LCA, chemical risk assessment and idea generation in early phases to help build engagement, competence and data for a full LCA in later phases.
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| 3. |
- Birkie, Seyoum Eshetu, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic Green Design in Production Equipment Investments : Conceptual Development and Outlook
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advances in Production Management Systems. Production Management Systems for Responsible Manufacturing, Service, and Logistics Futures - IFIP WG 5.7 International Conference, APMS 2023, Proceedings. - : Springer Nature. - 9783031436871 - 9783031436888 ; 692 AICT, s. 174-188
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the concept of green design in the context of production, focusing on investment projects for production equipment design and acquisition by a manufacturing firm. Research towards making manufacturing and production related activities more sustainable is increasing. In the manufacturing sector, environmental sustainability tends to be more commonly approached from the operations perspective. However, the decisions taken in the design phase of the production equipment significantly impact the operations phase. Therefore, proactive design approaches for sustainability applied in product design settings could be transferred to the design of the production equipment to build in green aspects from the outset. This study explores the research questions of what green production equipment design entails and how the concept of green design has evolved in the context of production. Overall, this conceptual paper highlights the importance of incorporating green design principles from the outset of the production design. Transferable methodological issues are also explored for further detailed investigation in the production equipment design context. Strong collaboration between equipment suppliers and the buying manufacturer that aims to integrate sustainability as part of requirements is proposed as an enabler for the way forward. The paper also provides insights into the evolution of the concept in this context for possible future research.
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| 4. |
- Chavez, Zuhara, et al.
(författare)
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From Surviving to Thriving : Industry 5.0 at SMEs Enhancing Production Flexibility
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advances in Production Management Systems. - : Springer Nature. ; 689 AICT, s. 789-802
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores how human-centered digitalization can contribute to the flexibility and adaptability of small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) production processes, resulting in more resilient systems. This study explains the relationship between digital technologies and production system features through progressively more human-centric stages of a digitalized manufacturing system. The authors present a case study of an SME that implemented a human-centric strategy, placing people's needs and interests at the center of its processes, leading to more flexible and inclusive production processes and consistent with the goals of Industry 5.0. The results suggest that a digitalized working method that considers human capabilities and needs can enable a more diverse workforce and the rapid setup of new and additional production processes, thus helping SMEs respond to supply chain disruptions. The findings have implications for managers and practitioners interested in driving or supporting the transition of SMEs to human-centric, resilient, and sustainable businesses.
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| 5. |
- Chen, Xiaoxia, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling the twin transitions : Digital technologies support environmental sustainability through lean principles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-5509. ; 38, s. 13-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manufacturing companies seek innovative approaches to achieve successful Green and Digital transitions, where adopting lean production is one alternative. However, further investigation is required to formulate the strategy with practical inputs and identify what digital technologies could be applied with which lean principles for environmental benefits. Therefore, this study first conducted a case study in three companies to collect practice-based data. A complementary literature review was then carried out, investigating the existing frameworks and complementing practices of digitalized lean implementations and the resulting environmental impact. Consequently, the Internet of Things and related connection-level technologies were identified as the key facilitators in lean implementations, specifically in visualization, communication, and poka-yoke, leading to environmental benefits. Furthermore, a framework of DIgitalization Supports Environmental sustainability through Lean principles (DISEL) was proposed to help manufacturing companies identify the opportunities of digitalizing lean principles for Environmental sustainability, thus enabling the twin transitions and being resilient. © 2023 The Authors
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| 6. |
- Fogelberg, Emmie, et al.
(författare)
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Current and best practices in information presentation
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digitalization and automation in industry can have both positive and negative effects on social sustainability. On one hand it can be a basis for monotonous, uncreative, and even dangerous workplaces and in some cases might even result in people losing their work. On the other hand, it can be a base for ergonomically sound and inclusive work, engaging everyone in improvements. This project aims for moving the focus on positive effects for social sustainability while still staying cost efficient and effective in economic and ecologic sustainability for digitalization and automation of work instructions and training in manual operations like assembly, machine operation & setup, maintenance, and material handling. The Industry 4.0 paradigm offers radically increased opportunities for doing just that. For example, increased digitization can create efficiency improvements through shorter lead times and reduced disruptions to production. New generations of technology and software as well as information dissemination can be accelerated and the traceability of products and materials in the industrial systems can be greatly increased. Digitization also provides opportunities to increase industrial resilience to challenges coming from elsewhere, such as demographic change and climate threats. Advanced application of digitization is seen by industries and decision-makers as the most important enabler for achieving the strategic sustainability goals and Agenda2030. A crucial factor for competitiveness is the human contribution. Here too, digitalisation is radically changing the conditions. In the last 20 years, work instructions have been transformed from printed text on paper into an increasingly digital representation. As knowledge increases about how work instructions for the manufacturing industry should be designed, they are rarely designed according to user conditions. At best, this results in a missed opportunity for performance improvements and at worst, it could potentially result in quality deficiencies, efficiency deficiencies and a lower degree of inclusion of staff groups. Digitization and automation permeate both society and industry more and more and there are many different technologies on the market. These can contribute to both increased efficiency and flexibility for the industry. However, there are a lot of challenges to both implement, design, and use instructions. Studies conducted in industry 2014–2018 show that operators and assembly workers only use instructions in 20–25% of cases in the operational phase when they are perceived as inefficient (Fast-Berglund & Stahre, 2013; Mattsson et al., 2018). Of course, this also increases the risks of, for example, assembly errors by not using instructions to the extent that they should be used. The corporate culture and standards are also an important part of how instructions are created and used. Depending on the structure and condition of the company and the production unit, for example, an assembly instruction at one company may include information about the product, process, and work environment, while an assembly instruction at another company includes completely different or only parts of this information. Of course, this is a natural consequence of sometimes far-inherited corporate cultures and traditions, but experience has also shown that it is to a very large extent the nature of work that defines the type of support system needed. In line with increased automation and increasing product variation as a result of increased customisation, operators’ tasks will require more creative work than before where the aim is to enable and handle the results of individual workers' creative thoughts about improvements in their own work situation, increasing cognitive load (Taylor et al., 2020). The development of digitalisation has created new opportunities for improved communication among employees in the manufacturing industry (Oesterreich & Teuteberg, 2016). Therefore, this technological development can and should support operators cognitively (Kaasinen et al., 2020; Mattsson et al., 2016). Although many new digital technologies are being developed and are available (Romero et al., 2016), it is still difficult to implement these so that people's cognitive work is supported. This is often due to the fact that the implementation does not take place in a way that people are comfortable with (Parasuraman & Riley, 1997). In many cases, humans are expected to adapt to technology and not the other way around (Thorvald et al., 2021). To implement better support for their operators, companies should focus on identifying the information needs that exist (Haghi et al., 2018) and then visualize it in a way that is useful to operators. The central aim for the project is to demonstrate how knowledge and systematic development of cognitive support and information design can increase quality and flexibility in future production and how this can be considered in the implementation of digital work instructions. In the industrial case studies, current state-of-practice in information presentation will be investigated and analysed together with state-of-the art knowledge and technology to map successful efforts in industry, identify what it is that makes them successful, or how a particularly challenging situation can be further improved through our knowledge of cognitive work in production.
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| 7. |
- Gonçalves Machado, Carla, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Maturity Framework Enabling Organizational Digital Readiness
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering at SPS2020. - Amsterdam : IOS Press BV. - 9781614994398 ; , s. 649-660, s. 649-660
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digitalization and the use of advanced technologies for more flexible and resource efficient production processes are changing the industrial competitive environment. However, new technologies are not seldom implemented without the whole organization being ready to fully utilize its benefits. This readiness can be expressed as organizational digital maturity. Previous studies identified that the level of digitalization is increasing, but, in many cases, due to lack of foundation, it is not aligned with the business strategy and/or supported by the organizational and technological infrastructures. There is a gap in existing models to provide practical starting-up steps to support the organizational digital readiness. A conceptual readiness framework for organizational digital readiness was tested through the analysis and reflection of four cases implemented by a Swedish manufacturing company. Findings point out that it is important to create a proper organizational foundation, a readiness, to ensure a company to evolve in digital maturity. That can be developed based on three main stages of change management practices. The tool can be used to identify the organizational readiness and thereby the gaps and thresholds necessary to overcome. This will enable companies to utilize the technology level necessary to increase cost and resource efficiency, and hence competitiveness. In addition, dimensions and a roadmap for organizational, digital, and smart readiness is presented. © 2020 The authors
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| 8. |
- Hedman, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Operator Contributions to Innovation : Supporting Innovative Production Development in a Digital Learning Environment
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. - Amsterdam : IOS Press BV. - 9781614994398 ; , s. 580-591, s. 580-591
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As all technologies come to pass, change by innovation is needed both ways, exploiting current knowledge to do better and exploring new knowledge to do differently. Due to years of continuous improvement (CI), exploitation of current knowledge in production development is rather well investigated, exploration is less. It could be argued that not utilizing the potential explorative operator contributions to production innovation is a lost opportunity to increase a company's innovation capability. Simultaneously, operators are facing great changes when manufacturing is adopting to digitalization and sustainability challenges enhancing the need for production innovation. This study focused on a team of operators through a workshop series of five sessions about explorative activities in a format using structured and semi-structured interviews. The study provided a basis for constructing a model for positioning operators' both digital and explorative maturity level. Through the empirical data and the model, the conclusion is illustrated as alternative pathways to reach a desired level of operator maturity. It was concluded that approaching digital and explorative maturity for operators should be done as a two-step process. Increasing both maturities simultaneously, as with the studied team, showed difficult due to the digital and explorative maturity being co-dependent. The suggested two-step process contributes to a better understanding of prerequisites and opportunities for operators to participate and contribute to production innovation in digitalized work environments, ultimately increasing the company's innovation capability. © 2022 The authors
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| 9. |
- Kurdve, Martin, Dr, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Availability and Need for Climate Footprint and Resilience Data from Suppliers in Automotive Supply Chains
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. - : IOS Press BV. - 2352-751X. ; 52, s. 589-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the challenges and opportunities of managing supply chain data for environmental sustainability and resilience in the automotive and vehicle manufacturing industry. It presents empirics from measuring and improving the climate footprint, based on data from interviews and workshops with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and suppliers, and compares concepts of resilience of supply chains. The paper focuses on the early phases of supply chain interaction, such as supplier selection and request for quota, when specific product data is often unavailable or estimated. It discusses the trade-offs and conflicts between the needs and availability of climate footprint and related supplier data, such as localization, energy supply, material supply and transportation. It also highlights the importance of data regarding recycled contents, materials, and energy in the supply chain. The paper is connected to projects funded by the EU and Vinnova that aim to enhance the competitive sustainability and resilience of the industry.
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| 10. |
- Kurdve, Martin, Dr, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Designing visual management in manufacturing from a user perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 886-891, s. 886-891
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many organisations use daily meetings, whiteboards and an information system for employee intra-communication. While Operation Management research is often management centred, Human Centred Design, instead, takes a user’s perspective. This research aims to reflect upon and describe a method, applied in practice in a double case study within manufacturing, on how to (re-)design meetings and visual management boards, and what type of information and key performance indicators are most relevant for the personnel. The paper proposes a lean Kata-improvement inspired design method, which takes the personnel’s perspective on design of daily visual management. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 11. |
- Kurdve, Martin, Dr, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Digitalt stöd och kultur för universell utformning av manuella arbeten
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents how universal design of manual assembly was supported through digital support in a project called Universal design of workplaces - manual assembly (UUAAMM). In the project we have followed a company Husmuttern AB and evaluated their approach to universal design. The aim of the project was to increase universal design in industry and show how other companies can use it and why. The approach focused on four areas: sustainable work, standard operational procedures, digital support and culture.
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| 12. |
- Kurdve, Martin, Dr, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Establishing SME–university collaboration through innovation support programmes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.. - 1741-038X .- 1758-7786. ; 31:8, s. 1583-1604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The research purpose is to analyse when and how innovation support programmes (ISPs) can affect collaboration between universities and established small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The paper specifically considers SME’s absorptive capacity. Design/methodology/approach: A Swedish research centre is studied in the context of innovation support and two of its SME-ISPs are examined with regards to industry–university collaboration and impact on firm innovation capabilities. Data collection and analysis are performed, using interviews, survey answers, document search and reflectional analysis to evaluate processes and effects of the centre and the programmes. Findings: A developed research centre, integrated into both academia and industry, can support translational collaboration and promote SME innovation absorptive capacity. The action learning elements and the organisational development approaches used when coaching in the ISPs contribute to the SMEs internal absorption capacity and collaborational skills. Organising collaboration into ISPs can provide a relational path to future collaboration with universities, which, for example start with student projects. Research limitations/implications: The study, though limited to one Swedish region, adds to empirical innovation research as it connects industry–university collaboration and absorptive capacity to organisational learning. Practical implications: The empirical results indicate possible long-term gains for industry and universities in building collaborative innovation into SME-ISPs. Originality/value: The contribution of this study pertains to the practice of innovation support for established SMEs with the inclusion of absorption capacity and collaborative innovation development.
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| 13. |
- Kurdve, Martin, Dr, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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FKG method for collecting data and calculation of climate footprint forcomponents supplied to the automotive industry
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Th is method is developed for the purpose of helping suppliers to the automotive industry present a potential climate footprint of their proposed products to their customers in a quotation stage. The supplier/producer company is responsible for making a complete inventory of all inputs and outputs of the proposed product in accordance with the D ata C o llection T emplate. The method is based on the modelling of a climate footprint for a fictive average product, that can be used to present an estimated potential climate footprint for future product offers. Th e method was developed as integral parts of a climate footprint project coordinated by FKG, representing Swedish automotive component suppliers. The project resulted in this method, including an inventory tool to be used by supplier s to collect data and an average product model and calculator to estimate a potential clim ate footprint of the suppliers products. The inventory data includes information on supplied materials (types and qualities), transportation ( volume , mode, and distance), and energy sources (types and suppliers) used in production during 2021 or 2022 . This data can be used in simulations for future products. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) consultants utilize the inventory to construct a simplified cradle to gate model in software tools like SimaPro, LCA for Experts (formerly GaBi )), or other LCA modelling software tool . This model, which employs a “simple cut off for recycled input materials and recyclable materials from production (“simple cut off” according to Ekvall et al. 2020 as recommended by EPD International see further chapter 2 and 3 for scope and modelling )), either utilizes certified climate data (e. EPDs) from sub suppliers or, more commonly, relies on general Ecoinvent data for materials and energy. A simplified LCA model for the average product from the previous year is documented and serves as the baseline for the calculation . Subsequently, a calculator is developed that can simulate a climate footprint for production of a new product in the factory based on the production volume and material mix from the previous year. In the calculator, the climate footprint of the 'core' for each main process and subprocess is treated as fixed factors proportional to the weight of the product. The upstream part treats the raw material mix (bill of materials) as a variable that can be adjusted for each product, where each raw material has specific materials) as a variable that can be adjusted for each product, where each raw material has specific climate footprint factorsclimate footprint factors.. Validation of the Validation of the method method toto developdevelop an an averageaverage--productproduct--model and the calculator is carried out by model and the calculator is carried out by a a validation bodyvalidation body.. In this first version of the methodIn this first version of the method, , the validation body is the validation body is RISE. The validation proRISE. The validation programgram builds on builds on review of review of assumed dataassumed data andand confirms the use of reasonabconfirms the use of reasonable and le and sufficient sufficient data for thedata for the simplifiedsimplified LCALCA modelmodel. The validation program. The validation program does not verify does not verify thatthat the bill of materials the bill of materials andand bill of bill of processes processes are sufficient are sufficient to produce to produce the the product/product/component butcomponent but validates the reasonableness of thvalidates the reasonableness of this is datadata..
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| 14. |
- Kurdve, Martin, Dr, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Green lean operationalisation of the circular economy concept on production shop floor level
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Addressing today's general requirements on sustainability, as captured by for example the UN sustainability goals, is a necessity within production operations. It means that production managers need to find and manage new working procedures and methods on the shop floor to increase resource efficiency and overall sustainability. Utilizing a green lean environmental improvement tool called Green Performance Map in manufacturing and pharma industry has proven successful results in engaging shop floor managers and operators in green kaizen and demonstrated the value of integrating the waste hierarchy model, hence operationalising the concept of circular economy. This paper presents results of eight industrial cases of pilot trials of the Green Performance Map, demonstrating how the waste hierarchy model was used as an operationalisation mechanism for increasing the circularity on the shop floor. This was made by prioritizing and executing environmental improvements identified by the shop floor team that implied moving up one or more steps in the waste hierarchy. By this action, resource efficiency was improved as well as the overall environmental behaviour. The research presented contributes to the green lean theory and its integration with circular economy in a production context. On managerial level, the research demonstrates a concrete way of how the circularity could be improved on the shop floor.
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| 15. |
- Kurdve, Martin, Dr, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Lead-Time Effect Comparison of Additive Manufacturing with Conventional Alternatives
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering at SPS2020. - : IOS Press BV. - 9781614994398 ; 13, s. 672-679
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This single case study used value stream mapping as input data to analyse alternatives for production of quenching tools in an on-site tool department of an automotive manufacturer. The existing manufacturing organised as a functional workshop was compared to the alternatives, adding an additive manufacturing cell or a conventional automated cell, with regards to lead-Time and needed process changes. The results indicate that lead-Time savings should not be the only reason for considering additive manufacturing. When it is beneficial for design and product functionality improvements, however, lead time improvements may give a contribution to the business case. © 2020 The authors
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| 16. |
- Kurdve, Martin, Dr, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Skyddsutrustning vid Covid 19 – Metodik för säker produktframtagning vid egen beredskapsproduktion
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During spring 2020 the covid 19 virus spread all over the world. A supply shortage of personnel protective equipment (PPE) was apparent due to an increase of global need for PPE and worsened due to breakage of supply chains, closed factories, and boarders. It was difficult to rely on the ordinary global market for supply of PPE during the strained situation caused by the pandemic. Employers, who are responsible for ensuring security for their staff and not exposed to dangerous infections, tried to obtain personal protective equipment by various means. The result describes different methods to meet the need of PPE, such as emergency stockpile, acute purchase, gifts, voluntary- or own production in collaboration with local industry. There are apparent problems with having a sufficiently extensive contingency stock of PPE pending a possible pandemic or rely on being able to make acute purchases or receive gifts from the surrounding community. Voluntary production alone seldom reaches necessary volumes and it is difficult to ensure all aspects of sufficient quality. However, a temporary emergency production of PPE can quickly be started together with local domestic industry. The result describes the core components in such process. The requirements and standards regulating PPE mainly sets material requirements. We recommend getting an understanding of these requirement when sourcing raw materials or components. It is also important to have standardized operation procedures with easy to learn instructions in place and a quality assurance system preferably with fault proof process design (poka yoke). Through these steps and design, production can start quickly even with unexperienced staff and still be able to provide sufficient volumes of approved quality. Finally, the documentation, labelling and instructions for use of PPE are necessary to have in place and sent together with the product to the end user. The recommendation to authorities is to simplify the description of PPE requirements and procedures for permits.
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| 17. |
- Lindahl, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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How could a SME supplier's value chain be evaluated by circular production principles?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 648-653
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased demands for circularity in manufacturing industry put pressure on transformation in order to meet the Sustainable Development Goals. Small-and-medium-sized-enterprises (SME)'s have an important role, supplying value chains with material and components for larger companies and original-equipment-manufacturers (OEMs). SME suppliers' net environmental footprint contributes to the OEM's overall footprint, however, SME suppliers are characterized by limited resources and competence to perform circularity activities. SME net environmental footprint consists of both production related targets combined with product related targets. Circular product performance evaluation have raised a demand for easy-to-use, self-assisting tools as a complement or substitute for standardised life-cycle-assessment (LCA) methods, often considered as costly with advanced calculations, and highlights the need for the development of accessible tools and guides that support the SMEs' circularity work. An established industrial tool based on previous research called the Green Performance Map (GPM), has successfully been used to assist circularity performance in production operations. This paper sets out to test the GPM tool in a new setting, addressing circularity in an extended value chain context, including three main areas; production and sourcing, product use and product end-of-life. The research presented is based on an in-depth case study with an interactive research approach and aims to explore how to reach a full value chain perspective on circularity in production. The result indicates that a joint and inclusive collaboration centred on the adapted GPM-tool, identifies and structures circular production principles as well as product use and end-of-life performance as a basis for evaluation. Findings from research study show that a comprehensive input-output tool could be used with limited competence and time, achieve increased employee awareness of circularity in the product value chain. This single case study brings a small empirical contribution to existing literature on SME circular production transformation, however it clearly shows on the urgency to evaluate circularity along the value chain in order to support a full industrial circular production transformation.
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| 18. |
- Machado, Carla G., et al.
(författare)
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Digital organisational readiness : experiences from manufacturing companies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. - : Emerald Group Holdings Ltd.. - 1741-038X .- 1758-7786. ; 32:9, s. 167-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This research aims to identify and organise the conditions of organisational readiness for digital transformation. Design/methodology/approach: This qualitative study comprises three case studies within manufacturing companies from different sizes and industries located in Sweden. Plant visits and in-depth interviews bring to light companies' experiences with initial steps towards digital transformation. A set of conditions for digital organisational readiness was translated into a questionnaire and tested with one of the studied companies. Findings: This paper organises and tests digital organisational readiness conditions to support companies' initial steps on digital transformation. The results are put in perspective of established change management theory and previous studies about digital transformation. The findings will conclude in a questionnaire to support dialogue and digital organisational readiness assessments. Research limitations/implications: Additional conditions for the initial phase of digital transformation could possibly be found if more cases had been included in the study. Practical implications: The article identifies a set of conditions translated into a questionnaire that should be used as a dialogue tool to create strategic alignment and support companies in their initial discussions. If this process can be faster and more efficient, the company can achieve a competitive advantage against competitors. Originality/value: This research's relevance relies on the fact that companies are advancing in adopting digital technologies without being ready from an organisational perspective. This gap creates barriers for companies' digital maturing processes, stopping them from having full access to digital technologies' benefits. © 2021, Carla Gonçalves Machado, Mats Winroth, Peter Almström, Anna Ericson Öberg, Martin Kurdve and Sultan AlMashalah.
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| 19. |
- Mattsson, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of Universal Workplace Design in Assembly-A Case Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. - : IOS Press BV. - 9781614994398 ; 21, s. 184-196
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To form an inclusive and sustainable society, workplace design that can be used by different individuals, regardless of sex, language, background, and body function variations is needed. Such workplaces can also give economic benefits to companies if they provide a more accessible, safer, more productive and error proofed working environment. This aim of this paper is to evaluate a universal design concept developed at a company aiming at providing an 'easy job'-workplace design for manual industrial operations. The study investigated key factors from 8 interviews and compared it to theoretical constructs such as WHO's ICIDH-2. A synthesis was formed that included the following factors: personal factors, environmental factors and outcomes of universal work. The study has resulted in new insights regarding universal workplace design and the vision is that the synthesis can be used by other production companies that want to increase the universal design in assembly work. © 2022 The authors
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| 20. |
- Sjögren, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Opportunity discovery in initiated and emergent change requests
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this research, we analyze practitioner practices and praxes associated with discovering and exploiting opportunities in project-based change requests. Change requests are the aggregation of engineering changes and are considered in a redesign process. Raising a change request initiates the formation of an ad hoc team to manage it. A single case study design was employed using change request records and practitioner interviews from an engineering project. Additionally, the collected data was used to analyze discovered and exploited opportunities from a projects-as-practice perspective. Prior research on change requests has shown that practitioners often view changes in a risk-averse manner. However, a risk-averse mindset does not encompass opportunities. Our findings emphasize the importance of the informal structure of ad hoc teams, as opposed to formal structures, to aid in opportunity discovery. The informal structure enables cross-hierarchal discussions among team members and draws on the proven experience of the team members. Finally, the dynamic, dual structure of ad hoc teams (engineering and on-site teams) is an essential part of opportunity discovery. Adding to the existing knowledge in the field of engineering change management, we present a framework that supports practitioners in identifying how to turn engineering changes into successful opportunities.
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| 21. |
- Sjögren, Peter
(författare)
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Towards a Learning Process for Ad hoc Engineering Change Teams
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Engineering changes disrupt plans, can affect technical solutions negatively, and put project organisations under strain. However, engineering changes are a crucial part of the design process and a prerequisite in adapting to a dynamic project environment.Prior research has suggested the efficacy of the pre-emptive actions of reducing the number of, and front-loading, changes. However, pre-emptive measures to stop engineering changes from materialising are difficult to achieve if there are shortcomings in the project processes. Even with formal processes in place, they often fall by the wayside when changes occur, replaced by ad hoc practices. In such cases, when a change is raised, an ad hoc team of practitioners is formed to manage it. In the informal handling of the change that follows, practitioners tend to focus on risk aversion rather than weighing risks against the opportunities.To improve the performance of ad hoc teams in managing engineering changes, an organisational-learning approach has been developed. This research is based on the fields of both project- and engineering-change management and applies a multiple case study design with cases from product development and engineering-type projects. Research results are based on data from over 40 interviews with project managers and engineers as well as over 100 change requests, the contents of which were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The research methodologies both of soft systems and projects-as-practice were used to analyse results from qualitative data.This research further develops the concept of ad hoc teams in the context of engineering design, thus contributing to the field of strategic guidelines and organisational issues regarding engineering-change management. The strength of the suggested process lies in its capture both of the specific and the practical. It is specific in the sense that it focuses on issues related to emergent changes and its sibling initiated changes to raise awareness of their differences and how they relate to possible opportunities within changes. It is practical in that it acknowledges the importance of an active line-management organisation that supports project planning, execution, and development to sustain a culture of learning as it relates to the engineering-change management process, pre-, in- and post-change. Through a systems view, the process also incorporates change types and the concept of change carriers. Finally, the suggested process includes practical management guidelines for emergent changes and initiated changes. To that end, this research specifies a workshop structure to heighten practitioners’ awareness of their practices and praxis in handling engineering changes.
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| 22. |
- Söderlund, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Visuell Management, smart kommunikation och design : Tavlor för visuell styrning, planering, uppföljning och i förbättringsarbetet
- 2020
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Boken du håller i är ett delresultat från projekt Vis’man som handlar om designforskning inom visuell och spatial kommunikation och management från användarens perspektiv. I projektet har vi studerat visualiseringens roll och funktion inom visuell management och de tavlor som används vid visuell ledning, planering och uppföljning och i förbättringsarbetet. Det kan vara målstyrningstavlor, Lean-tavlor, teamtavlor, styrtavlor med flera. Ett mål har varit att undersöka och utveckla tavlorna och deras omgivning tillsammans med projektdeltagarna. Dessutom har metoder för användarmedverkan tagits fram, för att olika aktörer ska tillsammans kunna undersöka, utveckla och utvärdera informationsdesign inom visuell management. Projektet har finansierats av KK-stiftelsen genom programmet HÖG. Vi som deltagit är forskare i forskargruppen Informationsdesign vid Mälardalens högskola och industriforskare från Rise i Mölndal. Projektet har utförts tillsammans med svensk tillverkningsindustri, Volvo Construction Equipment i Eskilstuna, Union Electrics Åkers, Falks Metall AB och Gårö Plåtprodukter AB. Studier har även skett tillsammans med Vård och omsorgsförvaltningen vid Eskilstuna kommun. Den här boken presenterar teorier och metoder som relaterar till visuell management, samt erfarenheter från praktiken. Boken vänder sig till dig som har viss yrkeserfarenhet av visuell management och till studenter som studerar informationsdesign, servicedesign, gränssnittsdesign, produkt- och processutveckling, ledning och styrning eller liknande områden.
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