| 1. |
- Donovan, Sharon M., et al.
(författare)
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Bovine Osteopontin Modifies the Intestinal Transcriptome of Formula-Fed Infant Rhesus Monkeys to Be More Similar to Those That Were Breastfed
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA : American Society for Nutrition. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 144:12, s. 1910-1919
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein found in human milk at high concentration.Objective: The impact of supplemental bovine OPN on growth, body composition, and the jejunal transcriptome was assessed.Methods: Newborn rhesus monkeys were randomly assigned to be breastfed (n = 4) or to receive formula [formula fed (FF), n = 6] or formula supplemented with 125 mg/L of bovine OPN (bOPN, n = 6) for 3 mo. Jejunal mRNA was extracted and subjected to microarray analysis.Results: Growth was similar among all the treatment groups, but breastfed monkeys were similar to 25% leaner at 3 mo. Pairwise comparisons demonstrated that 1017 genes were differentially expressed between breastfed and FF groups, 217 between breastfed and bOPN groups, and 119 between FF and bOPN groups. The data were also analyzed with the use of weighted gene coexpression network analysis, which revealed 6 modules of coexpressed genes that differed among the 3 treatments. Nearly 50% of genes were assigned to one module in which breastfed differed from FF and bOPN expression was intermediate. This module was enriched for genes related to cell adhesion and motility, cytoskeletal remodeling, wingless and integration site signaling, and neuronal development. Most of these canonical pathways centered on integrins, which are receptors for OPN.Conclusions: The intestinal transcriptome of breastfed and FF monkeys differs, but bovine OPN at levels similar to human milk shifts gene expression profiles to be more similar to breastfed monkeys.
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| 2. |
- Tinghäll Nilsson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Low-protein formulas with alpha-lactalbumin-enriched or glycomacropeptide-reduced whey : effects on growth, nutrient intake and protein metabolism during early infancy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 15:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein intake is higher in formula-fed than in breast-fed infants during infancy, which may lead to an increased risk of being overweight. Applying alpha-lactalbumin (α-lac)-enriched whey or casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP)-reduced whey to infant formula may enable further reduction of formula protein by improving the amino acid profile. Growth, nutrient intake, and protein metabolites were evaluated in a randomized, prospective, double-blinded intervention trial where term infants received standard formula (SF:2.2 g protein/100 kcal; n = 83) or low-protein formulas with α-lac-enriched whey (α-lac-EW;1.75 g protein/100 kcal; n = 82) or CGMP-reduced whey (CGMP-RW;1.76 g protein/100 kcal; n = 80) from 2 to 6 months. Breast-fed infants (BF; n = 83) served as reference. Except between 4 and 6 months, when weight gain did not differ between α-lac-EW and BF (p = 0.16), weight gain was higher in all formula groups compared to BF. Blood urea nitrogen did not differ between low-protein formula groups and BF during intervention, but was lower than in SF. Essential amino acids were similar or higher in α-lac-EW and CGMP-RW compared to BF. Conclusion: Low-protein formulas enriched with α-lac-enriched or CGMP-reduced whey supports adequate growth, with more similar weight gain in α-lac-enriched formula group and BF, and with metabolic profiles closer to that of BF infants.
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| 3. |
- Tinghäll Nilsson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Low-protein infant formula enriched with Alpha-lactalbumin during early infancy may reduce insulin resistance at 12 months : a follow-up of a randomized controlled trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 16:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High protein intake during infancy results in accelerated early weight gain and potentially later obesity. The aim of this follow-up study at 12 months was to evaluate if modified low-protein formulas fed during early infancy have long-term effects on growth and metabolism. In a double-blinded RCT, the ALFoNS study, 245 healthy-term infants received low-protein formulas with either alpha-lactalbumin-enriched whey (α-lac-EW; 1.75 g protein/100 kcal), casein glycomacropeptide-reduced whey (CGMP-RW; 1.76 g protein/100 kcal), or standard infant formula (SF; 2.2 g protein/100 kcal) between 2 and 6 months of age. Breastfed (BF) infants served as a reference. At 12 months, anthropometrics and dietary intake were assessed, and serum was analyzed for insulin, C-peptide, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Weight gain between 6 and 12 months and BMI at 12 months were higher in the SF than in the BF infants (p = 0.019; p < 0.001, respectively), but were not significantly different between the low-protein formula groups and the BF group. S-insulin and C-peptide were higher in the SF than in the BF group (p < 0.001; p = 0.003, respectively), but more alike in the low-protein formula groups and the BF group. Serum IGF-1 at 12 months was similar in all study groups. Conclusion: Feeding modified low-protein formula during early infancy seems to reduce insulin resistance, resulting in more similar growth, serum insulin, and C-peptide concentrations to BF infants at 6-months post intervention. Feeding modified low-protein formula during early infancy results in more similar growth, serum insulin, and C-peptide concentrations to BF infants 6-months post intervention, probably due to reduced insulin resistance in the low-protein groups.
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| 4. |
- West, Christina E., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of osteopontin-enriched formula on lymphocyte subsets in the first 6 months of life : a randomized controlled trial
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 82:1, s. 63-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Human milk is rich in osteopontin (OPN), which has immunomodulatory functions. METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial, standard formula (SF) and the same formula with 65 mg of OPN/L (F65) or 130 mg of OPN/L (F130), representing similar to 50 and 100% of the OPN concentration in human milk, were compared. We examined frequencies and composition of peripheral blood immune cells by four-color immunoflow cytometry of formula-fed infants at ages 1, 4, and 6 months, and compared them with a breastfed (BF) reference group. RESULTS: The F130 group had increased T-cell proportions compared with the SF (P = 0.036, average effect size 0.51) and F65 groups (P = 0.008, average effect size 0.65). Compared with the BF group, the monocyte proportions were increased in the F65 (P=0.001, average effect size 0.59) and F130 (P=0.006, average effect size 0.50) groups, but were comparable among the formula groups. CONCLUSION: OPN in an infant formula at a concentration close to that of human milk increased the proportion of circulating T cells compared with both SF and formula with added OPN at similar to 50% of the concentration in human milk. This suggests that OPN may favorably influence immune ontogeny in infancy and that the effects appear to be dose-dependent.
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