| 1. |
- Larsson, Ingrid, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sleep interventions for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) : A systematic literature review
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Sleep Medicine. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1389-9457 .- 1878-5506. ; 102, s. 64-75
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective/background: Healthy sleep is particularly important for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as sleep disturbances might aggravate disease symptoms. This review aims to synthesize and report evidence on the effectiveness of sleep interventions in increasing sleep, quality of life (QoL), and ADHD symptoms among children with ADHD. Patients/methods: The systematic literature review follows the Cochrane Collaboration methodology recommendations for literature reviews. Four databases were used based on the population, intervention, control and outcome (PICO) framework. Controlled trials with minimum 20 children in each group, aged 6–18, and published from 2005 and onwards were included. Results from the studies were reported in forest plots and three of the seven review outcomes were synthesized in meta-analyses. Results: The search identified 7710 records; of which 4808 abstracts were screened. After fulltext-screening of 99 papers, eight papers from five studies were included. The studies included behavioral sleep interventions and pharmacological interventions using melatonin and eszopiclone. For six of the seven outcomes, the effect sizes were small to moderate and the certainty of the evidence was low. For one outcome, sleep disturbances, the effect size was a moderate −0.49 standardized mean differences (95% confidence interval −0.65;-0.33), with a moderate certainty of evidence for the behavioral interventions for children aged 5–13 years with ADHD. Conclusions: This review identified few and heterogeneous studies. A moderate certainty of evidence for a moderate effect size was only obtained for sleep disturbances from the behavioral interventions. A low certainty of the evidence for a moderate effect size was found for the total sleep time from the pharmacological intervention using melatonin and one behavioral intervention, which indicates that these sleep interventions impact sleep quantity and quality among children with ADHD. © 2022 The Authors
|
|
| 2. |
- Lönn, Maria, Doktorand, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Changed sleep according to weighted blanket adherence in a 16-week sleep intervention among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (JCSM). - Darien : The American Academy of Sleep Medicine. - 1550-9389 .- 1550-9397.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study objectives: To examine differences in sample characteristics and longitudinal sleep outcomes according to weighted blanket adherence.Methods: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n =94), mean age 9.0 (sd 2.2, range 6-14) participated in a 16-week sleep intervention with weighted blankets (WB). Children were classified as WB adherent (use of WB ≥ 4 nights/week) or non-adherent (use of WB ≤ 3 nights/week). Changes in objectively measured sleep by actigraphy, parent-reported sleep problems (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ)) and child-reported Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were evaluated according to adherence with mixed effect models. Gender, age, and ADHD subtype were examined as potential moderators.Results: Children adherent to WBs (48/94) showed an early response in sleep outcomes and an acceptance of the WB after four weeks of use as well as a decrease in parent- (CSHQ) (-5.73, P = .000) and child-reported sleep problems (ISI) (-4.29, P = .005) after 16 weeks. The improvement in sleep was larger among WB adherent vs. non-adherent (between-group difference: CSHQ: -2.09, P = .038; ISI: -2.58, P =.007). Total sleep time was stable for children adherent to WB but decreased for non-adherent (between-group difference: +16.90, P = .019).Conclusions: An early response in sleep and acceptance of the WB predicted later adherence to WBs. Improvements in sleep were more likely among WB adherents vs. non-adherents. Children with ADHD may thus benefit from using WBs to handle their sleep problems.© 2024 American Academy of Sleep Medicine
|
|
| 3. |
- Lönn, Maria, Doktorand, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiences of Using Weighted Blankets among Children with ADHD and Sleeping Difficulties
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - Oxford : John Wiley & Sons. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 2023, s. 1-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Sleeping difficulties are common in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A sleep intervention with weighted blankets was designed to increase current understanding of using weighted blankets to target children’s individual needs in connection with sleep and daytime functioning. Aim. To explore how children with ADHD and sleeping difficulties experience the use of weighted blankets. Methods. An explorative qualitative design in which 26 children with ADHD and sleeping difficulties, 6-15 years old, were interviewed about a sleep intervention with weighted blankets. Four categories emerged from qualitative content analysis. Results. Children’s experiences revealed that the use of weighted blankets 1) requires a commitment, by adjusting according to needs and preferences and adapting to the environment; 2) improves emotional regulation by feeling calm and feeling safe; 3) changes sleeping patterns by creating new routines for sleep and improving sleep quality; and 4) promotes everyday participation by promoting daily function and balancing activity and sleep. Conclusions. Using weighted blankets promoted children’s management of daily life with ADHD and sleeping difficulties. Occupational therapists can improve the assessment and delivery of weighted blankets tailored to individual needs based on increased knowledge from the children themselves. Copyright © 2023 Maria Lönn et al.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Lönn, Maria, Doktorand, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
The efficacy of weighted blankets for sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder—A randomized controlled crossover trial
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Research. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Weighted blankets are a non-pharmacological intervention for treating sleep and anxiety problems in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, research on the efficacy of weighted blankets is sparse. The aim of this randomized controlled trial with a crossover design (4 + 4 weeks) was to evaluate the efficacy of weighted blankets on sleep among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sleeping problems. Children diagnosed with uncomplicated Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with verified sleep problems were randomized to start with either a weighted blanket or a lighter control blanket. Data collection was performed at weeks 0, 4 and 8 using actigraphy, questionnaires and a daily sleep diary. T-tests were used to evaluate efficacy. The study included 94 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (mean age 9.0 [sd 2.2] years; 54 [57.4%] boys). Weighted blankets had a significant effect on total sleep time (mean diff. 7.72 min, p = 0.027, Cohen's d = 0.24), sleep efficiency (mean diff. 0.82%, p = 0.038, Cohen's d = 0.23) and wake after sleep onset (mean diff. −2.79 min, p = 0.015, Cohen's d = −0.27), but not on sleep-onset latency (p = 0.432). According to our exploratory subgroup analyses, weighted blankets may be especially beneficial for improving total sleep time in children aged 11–14 years (Cohen's d = 0.53, p = 0.009) and in children with the inattentive attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtype (Cohen's d = 0.58, p = 0.016). Our results suggest that weighted blankets may improve children's sleep and could be used as an alternative to pharmacological sleep interventions. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Sleep Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Sleep Research Society.
|
|
| 6. |
- Lönn, Maria, Doktorand, 1981-
(författare)
-
Weighted blankets as a sleep intervention for children with ADHD
- 2024
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BAKGRUND: Healthy sleep practices for children should be promoted as an essential part of a healthy lifestyle, with important implications for the entire family. Unhealthy sleep patterns and sleep-related problems disrupt everyday life and functioning. Sleep problems are common among children, especially those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Weighted blankets are one type of non-pharmacological intervention that has been used in health-care settings, such as occupational therapy practice. However, evidence is scarce and knowledge is lacking concerning the effects of weighted blankets on sleep and their potential benefits. Given the challenges children with ADHD face in sleep problems and emotional and behavioural regulation, weighted blankets could be a particular relevant intervention. The SLEEP project was thus designed to increase current evidence and knowledge about the use of weighted blankets as a sleep intervention for children with ADHD. AIM: The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the impact of weighted blankets on the sleep health of children with ADHD and sleep problems.METHODS: A crossover randomised controlled trial (Study I) was conducted that included 94 children with ADHD, 6-14 years old. Children were randomly assigned to four weeks of a weighted blanket or four weeks of a lighter control blanket, followed by the other intervention. Data was collected with actigraphy (primary outcome), child- and parent-questionnaires and a daily sleep diary. The efficacy of weighted blankets was analysed with a paired t-test. An experimental longitudinal study (Study II) was carried out that involved the same 94 children, who were followed for 16 weeks. Weighted blanket-adherent vs non-adherent children were compared based on sample characteristics and changed sleep outcomes. The data collected at baseline, at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and at 16-week follow-up were analysed with mixed effect models. Weighted blanket-adherent children were further examined longitudinally (Study III) and compared from baseline to the 16-week follow-up. Parents’ ratings of children’s sleep problems were analysed using paired t-test and McNemar’s test. Furthermore, a qualitative study (Study IV) was performed in which a purposive sample of 26 children participated in individual interviews. A qualitative content analysis was performed to analyse the data.RESULTS: In Study I, weighted blankets were found to be more efficacious than the lighter control blankets, according to objectively measured sleep (increased total sleep time, increased sleep efficiency and decreased wake after sleep onset). Older children, 11-14 years old, and children with an inattentive ADHD subtype slept longer and more effectively with the weighted blanket. In Study II, weighted blanket-adherent children showed improvement, with fewer sleep problems, compared to non-adherent children. Weighted blanket-adherent children also showed a stable total sleep time compared to non-adherent children, who displayed a decrease in their total sleep time during the 16-week sleep intervention. This association was shown for the older children aged 11-14, but not for the younger children aged 6-10. Furthermore, in Study III, the parents of the Weighted blanket-adherent children reported fewer episodes of night wakings, sleep onset delay, sleep duration difficulties and daytime sleepiness. Bedtime resistance and daytime sleepiness were considered the most problematic domains at baseline, and these also showed the greatest change, according to parents’ experiences of children’s problematic sleep. In Study IV, children described that using WBs requires a commitment, improves emotional regulation, changes sleeping patterns and promotes everyday participation.CONCLUSION: The overall results of this thesis indicate that children with ADHD and sleep problems benefit from using weighted blankets. Weighted blankets could thus be an efficient sleep intervention and an important complement to standard treatment for children with ADHD and sleep problems. More research is needed to establish the effectiveness of weighted blankets in different subgroups and settings.
|
|
