| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Pettersson, K, et al.
(författare)
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Free and complexed prostate-specific antigen (PSA) : in vitro stability, epitope map, and development of immunofluorometric assays for specific and sensitive detection of free PSA and PSA-alpha 1-antichymotrypsin complex
- 1995
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - 0009-9147. ; 41:10, s. 8-1480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Generation of 15 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) allowed construction of epitope maps and specific two-site immunofluorometric assays for free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PSA complexed with alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT). Close correlation of PSA concentrations obtained with the use of different assays of free PSA suggested extensive similarity in immunodetection of free PSA in serum. Assays of the PSA-ACT complex overestimated the concentration of PSA-ACT in serum because of nonspecific adsorbance of ACT or cathepsin G-complexed ACT to the solid phase. This interference was substantially decreased in the presence of heparin. In studying the stability of purified PSA and PSA-ACT complexes formed in vitro, we found that the free PSA was stable during storage for 4 weeks at 35 degrees C, whereas PSA-ACT complexes largely dissociated in these conditions. The instability of PSA-ACT complexes was counteracted by storage at low temperatures, by adjusting the pH of the storage buffer between 6.8 and 7.4, and through addition of 100-1000-fold molar excess of native ACT. The ease of calibration and the accuracy of free PSA assays in comparison with assays of the PSA-ACT complex suggest that measurements of free to total PSA most accurately reflect the inverse of the proportion of PSA complexed to ACT in serum.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Separated by a common language : Awareness of term usage differences between languages and disciplines in biopreparedness
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biosecurity and bioterrorism. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1538-7135 .- 1557-850X. ; 11:SUPPL. 1, s. S276-S285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preparedness for bioterrorism is based on communication between people in organizations who are educated and trained in several disciplines, including law enforcement, health, and science. Various backgrounds, cultures, and vocabularies generate difficulties in understanding and interpretating terms and concepts, which may impair communication. This is especially true in emergency situations, in which the need for clarity and consistency is vital. The EU project AniBioThreat initiated methods and made a rough estimate of the terms and concepts that are crucial for an incident, and a pilot database with key terms and definitions has been constructed. Analysis of collected terms and sources has shown that many of the participating organizations use various international standards in their area of expertise. The same term often represents different concepts in the standards from different sectors, or, alternatively, different terms were used to represent the same or similar concepts. The use of conflicting terminology can be problematic for decision makers and communicators in planning and prevention or when handling an incident. Since the CBRN area has roots in multiple disciplines, each with its own evolving terminology, it may not be realistic to achieve unequivocal communication through a standardized vocabulary and joint definitions for words from common language. We suggest that a communication strategy should include awareness of alternative definitions and ontologies and the ability to talk and write without relying on the implicit knowledge underlying specialized jargon. Consequently, cross-disciplinary communication skills should be part of training of personnel in the CBRN field. In addition, a searchable repository of terms and definitions from relevant organizations and authorities would be a valuable addition to existing glossaries for improving awareness concerning bioterrorism prevention planning. © 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Krause-Jensen, D, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic Blue Carbon Ecosystems: Status and Outlook
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vegetated coastal and marine habitats in the Nordic region include salt marshes, eelgrass meadows and, in particular, brown macroalgae (kelp forests and rockweed beds). Such habitats contribute to storage of organic carbon (Blue Carbon – BC) and support coastal protection, biodiversity and water quality. Protection and restoration of these habitats therefore have the potential to deliver climate change mitigation and co-benefits. Here we present the existing knowledge on Nordic BC habitats in terms of habitat area, C-stocks and sequestration rates, co-benefits, policies and management status to inspire a coherent Nordic BC roadmap. The area extent of BC habitats in the region is incompletely assessed, but available information sums up to 1,440 km2 salt marshes, 1,861 (potentially 2,735) km2 seagrass meadows, and 16,532 km2 (potentially 130,735 km2, including coarse Greenland estimates) brown macroalgae, yielding a total of 19,833 (potentially 134,910) km2. Saltmarshes and seagrass meadows have experienced major declines over the past century, while macroalgal trends are more diverse. Based on limited salt marsh data, sediment C-stocks average 3,311 g Corg m-2 (top 40-100 cm) and sequestration rates average 142 g Corg m-2 yr-1. Eelgrass C-stocks average 2,414 g Corg m-2 (top 25 cm) and initial data for sequestration rates range 5-33 g Corg m-2, quantified for one Greenland site and one short term restoration. For Nordic brown macroalgae, peer-reviewed estimates of sediment C-stock and sequestration are lacking. Overall, the review reveals substantial Nordic BC-stocks, but highlights that evidence is still insufficient to provide a robust estimate of all Nordic BC-stocks and sequestration rates. Needed are better quantification of habitat area, C-stocks and fluxes, particularly for macroalgae, as well as identification of target areas for BC management. The review also points to directives and regulations protecting Nordic marine vegetation, and local restoration initiatives with potential to increase C-sequestration but underlines that increased coordination at national and Nordic scales and across sectors is needed. We propose a Nordic BC roadmap for science and management to maximize the potential of BC habitats to mitigate climate change and support coastal protection, biodiversity and additional ecosystem functions.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Poschke, Isabel C., et al.
(författare)
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The Outcome of Ex Vivo TIL Expansion Is Highly Influenced by Spatial Heterogeneity of the Tumor T-Cell Repertoire and Differences in Intrinsic In Vitro Growth Capacity between T-Cell Clones
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Cancer Research. - : AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH. - 1078-0432 .- 1557-3265. ; 26:16, s. 4289-4301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: During our efforts to develop tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy to counter the devastating recurrence rate in patients with primary resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), we found that PDA TILs can readily be expanded in vitro and that the majority of resulting TIL cultures show reactivity against the autologous tumor. However, the fraction of tumor-reactive T cells is low. We investigated to which extent this was related to the in vitro expansion. Experimental Design: We compared the clonal composition of TIL preparations before and after in vitro expansion using T-cell receptor (TCR) deep sequencing. Our findings for PDA were benchmarked to experiments with melanoma TILs. Results: We found that the TIL TCR repertoire changes dramatically during in vitro expansion, leading to loss of tumor-dominant T-cell clones and overgrowth by newly emerging T-cell clones that are barely detectable in the tumor. These changes are primarily driven by differences in the intrinsic in vitro expansion capacity of T-cell clones. Single-cell experiments showed an association between poor proliferative capacity and expression of markers related to antigen experience and dysfunction. Furthermore, we found that spatial heterogeneity of the TIL repertoire resulted in TCR repertoires that are greatly divergent between TIL cultures derived from distant tumor samples of the same patient. Conclusions: Culture-induced changes in clonal composition are likely to affect tumor reactivity of TIL preparations. TCR deep sequencing provides important insights into the factors that govern the outcome of in vitro TIL expansion and thereby a path toward optimization of the production of TIL preparations with high therapeutic efficacy.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Dahlén, P, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitive detection of genes by sandwich hybridization and time-resolved fluorometry
- 1987
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Ingår i: Molecular and Cellular Probes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-8508 .- 1096-1194. ; 1:2, s. 159-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Europium has been used as a non-radioactive marker in immunoassays as this metal can be detected with high sensitivity by time-resolved fluorometry. In this work streptavidin labeled with europium was used to detect biotinylated probes in a sandwich nucleic-acid hybridization assay with microtitration strips as the solid phase. pBR 322 plasmids were detected with a sensitivity of 4 × 105 molecules. As the sample is added in solution in sandwich hybridization, fast and simple sample pre-treatment can be used without encountering background problems. The method was applied to test bacterial samples of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains for the presence of the β-lactamase gene.
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| 15. |
- Eilertsen, M.E, et al.
(författare)
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The Voices of Cancer-Bereaved Siblings : A Nation-Wide Long-Term Follow-up
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pediatric blood & cancer. - : Wiley. - 1545-5009. ; , s. 555-556
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objectives: Siblings face many challenges and the aim of this paper is to explore bereaved siblings’ memories and experiences of their brother's or sister's illness and death.Design/Methods: In this nationwide Swedish study 174 of 240 (73 %) bereaved siblings participated and 70 % responded to two open‐ended questions on siblings’ positive and negative memories and experiences of illness and death. The data were analyzed using systematic text condensation.Results: The bereaved siblings’ responses were categorized into four different themes: endurance vs. vulnerability; family cohesion vs. family conflicts; growth vs. stagnation; professional support vs. lack of professional support. Endurance was expressed as the influence that the ill siblings’ willpower, good mood and stamina had on the healthy siblings, whereas vulnerability was expressed as the feeling of emptiness and loneliness. Family cohesion was expressed as the bonds being strengthened between family members, whereas family conflicts often led siblings to feel invisible and unacknowledged. In the third theme, most siblings expressed feeling that they grew as individuals in the process of their brother's or sister's illness and death, whereas others experienced stagnation because of the physical and mental distress they bore throughout this time, often feeling forgotten. In the last theme, most siblings perceived support by physicians and staff at the hospital as being warm, kind and honest, while some siblings had negative experiences.Conclusions: Our study shows that bereaved siblings can have positive memories and experiences, even though the death of a sibling is a distressing situation. The significance of the positive buffering effect on the bereaved siblings’ own endurance, personal growth, family cohesion and social support should be noted. The knowledge acquired by listening to the voices of bereaved siblings can be valuable in showing healthcare professionals the importance of supporting siblings of children with cancer throughout the cancer trajectory and afterwards into bereavement.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Helgeby, Anja, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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The combined CTA1-DD/ISCOM adjuvant vector promotes priming of mucosal and systemic immunity to incorporated antigens by specific targeting of B cells.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). - 0022-1767. ; 176:6, s. 3697-706
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cholera toxin A1 (CTA1)-DD/QuilA-containing, immune-stimulating complex (ISCOM) vector is a rationally designed mucosal adjuvant that greatly potentiates humoral and cellular immune responses. It was developed to incorporate the distinctive properties of either adjuvant alone in a combination that exerted additive enhancing effects on mucosal immune responses. In this study we demonstrate that CTA1-DD and an unrelated Ag can be incorporated together into the ISCOM, resulting in greatly augmented immunogenicity of the Ag. To demonstrate its relevance for protection against infectious diseases, we tested the vector incorporating PR8 Ag from the influenza virus. After intranasal immunization we found that the immunogenicity of the PR8 proteins were significantly augmented by a mechanism that was enzyme dependent, because the presence of the enzymatically inactive CTA1R7K-DD mutant largely failed to enhance the response over that seen with ISCOMs alone. The combined vector was a highly effective enhancer of a broad range of immune responses, including specific serum Abs and balanced Th1 and Th2 CD4(+) T cell priming as well as a strong mucosal IgA response. Unlike unmodified ISCOMs, Ag incorporated into the combined vector could be presented by B cells in vitro and in vivo as well as by dendritic cells; it also accumulated in B cell follicles of draining lymph nodes when given s.c. and stimulated much enhanced germinal center reactions. Strikingly, the enhanced adjuvant activity of the combined vector was absent in B cell-deficient mice, supporting the idea that B cells are important for the adjuvant effects of the combined CTA1-DD/ISCOM vector.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Häggman-Henrikson, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Even mild catastrophic thinking is related to pain intensity in individuals with painful temporomandibular disorders
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 48:11, s. 1193-1200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are often associated with psychological comorbidities. One such comorbidity is pain catastrophising, that is, exaggeration of negative consequences of a painful event. The aim was to investigate catastrophising in individuals with painful TMD compared to controls and the association between catastrophising and pain intensity, number of pain sites and functional limitations.Methods: A community-based sample of 110 individuals (83 women; 20–69 yrs) with painful TMDs (myalgia/arthralgia as per Diagnostic Criteria for TMD) and 190 age- and gender-matched controls (119 women; 20–69 yrs) from the Public Dental services in Västerbotten, Sweden, participated. Associations between catastrophising and functional jaw limitations, respectively, and painful TMD were evaluated with ordinal regression adjusted for the effect of gender and age. Associations (Spearman's correlation) of the Pain catastrophising Scale (PCS) with Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS-20), pain site number (whole-body pain map), and characteristic pain intensity (CPI) and intergroup comparisons (Mann-Whitney U test) of these variables were also calculated.Results: Levels of catastrophising were associated with TMD pain (OR 1.6, 95%CI 1.1–2.6). Among individuals with painful TMD, catastrophising was correlated to pain intensity (r=0.458, p<0.01) and functional limitations (r=0.294–0.321, p≤0.002), but not to number of pain sites.Conclusion: Compared to controls, community-based individuals with painful TMD demonstrated higher levels of pain catastrophising, and this catastrophising was associated with increased pain intensity and jaw dysfunction. The relatively low scores of pain catastrophising suggest that even mild catastrophic thinking is associated with pain perception and jaw function, and should be considered in patient management.
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| 20. |
- Häggman-Henrikson, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing gender differences in the prevalence and chronification of orofacial pain in the population
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pain. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 161:8, s. 1768-1775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although a fluctuating pattern of orofacial pain across the life span has been proposed, data on its natural course is lacking. The longitudinal course of orofacial pain in the general population was evaluated using data from routine dental check-ups at all Public Dental Health services in Västerbotten, Sweden. In a large population sample, two screening questions were used to identify individuals with pain once a week or more in the orofacial area. Incidence and longitudinal course of orofacial pain were evaluated using annual data for 2010-2017. To evaluate predictors for orofacial pain remaining over time, individuals who reported pain on at least two consecutive dental check-ups were considered persistent. A generalized estimating equation model was used to analyze the prevalence, accounting for repeated observations on the same individuals. In total, 180,308 individuals (equal gender distribution) were examined in 525,707 dental check-ups. More women than men reported orofacial pain (OR 2.58, 95% CI 2.48-2.68), and there was a significant increase in the prevalence of reported pain from 2010 to 2017 in both women and men. Longitudinal data for 135,800 individuals were available for incidence analysis. Women were at higher risk of both developing orofacial pain (IRR 2.37; 95% CI 2.25-2.50) and reporting pain in consecutive check-ups (IRR 2.56, 95% CI 2.29-2.87). In the northern Swedish population studied, the prevalence of orofacial pain increases over time and more so in women, thus indicating increasing differences in gender for orofacial pain.
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| 21. |
- Ilgunas, Aurelija, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptualizing the clinical decision-making process in managing temporomandibular disorders : a qualitative study
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 129:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Management of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) appears to be more challenging than for other dental conditions. This study aimed to explore the decision-making process in TMD management, and thereby to conceptualize the decision-making process in dentistry. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted during 2018 and 2019 with a purposive sample of 22 general dental practitioners from the Public Dental Healthcare Services and private practices in the Region of Västerbotten, Northern Sweden. The interviews were analysed using the Grounded Theory approach of Charmaz. Data analysis resulted in the core category 'Combining own competence and others' expectations in the desire to do the right thing'. The dentists showed interest in and a desire to apply professional knowledge, but also reflected on challenges and complexity in the decision-making process forTMD. The challenges were primarily related to organisational factors and lack of self-confidence. This identifies a need for re-organisation of daily clinical management in dentistry, and a need for more postgraduate training to improve self-confidence. The complexity of the decision-making process for TMD makes the study findings applicable in other dental situations.
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| 22. |
- Ilgunas, Aurelia, 1987-
(författare)
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Exploring temporomandibular disorders : longitudinal and qualitative perspectives
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Ideally, all clinical decision-making should enable care provision on the best available scientific evidence, clinical experience, and evaluated risks and benefits. Even though there are validated and evaluated decision tools for identification, diagnostics and treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), patients with TMD still seem to go undetected, undiagnosed and undertreated in dentistry. Reasons for this discrepancy are unclear, but this clearly is a disadvantage for patients with TMD. Therefore, this project aimed to explore TMD in relation to the longitudinal course of the symptoms, dentists’ decision-making, and patients’ experiences.Methods: The project was conducted at the Public Dental Health Services in the Region of Västerbotten, Northern Sweden. Data in the longitudinal studies were based on the screening instrument for TMD, the 3Q/TMD, and included self-reported orofacial pain and jaw dysfunction, specifically jaw catching/locking, from 2010 to 2017 (n=180,308; age 5-104). Descriptive statistics, generalized estimating equation models, and Poisson regression were used for analyses. Data included in the qualitative studies were the transcribed individual interviews with dentists (n=22, age 25-64) and patients (n=16, age 20-65). Analyses were based on the Grounded Theory and the Qualitative Context Analysis.Results: The prevalence of orofacial pain increased over time (p<.01), but the prevalence of jaw catching/locking remained similar. The incidence, prevalence, and persistence of orofacial pain and jaw catching/locking were significantly higher in women than in men (p<.01). Women were at a higher risk for reporting both the first onset and the persistent orofacial pain (IRR 2.37; 95% CI, 2.25-2.50 and IRR 2.56; 95% CI, 2.28-2.87, respectively), and jaw catching/locking (IRR 2.29; 95% CI, 2.11-2.49 and IRR 2.32; 95% CI, 2.04-2.63, respectively) when compared to men. The onset of pain or jaw catching/locking was mostly independent and exclusive, i.e. without the other symptom (84.1%), and was higher for orofacial pain (64.9%) than for jaw catching/locking (19.2%). The decision-making process in the management of TMD was illustrated as an interplay between internal and external elements, where the dentists wished to apply professional knowledge but identified organizational obstacles and lack of self-confidence in their clinical decision-making for TMD. The patients expressed worry and social discomfort as a consequence of TMD. However, they strived to deal with the symptoms on their own as long as possible before seeking help. The challenges to access dental care and to receive suitable management were acknowledged. The right care at the right time was identified more like a wish than a current state of perceived TMD management.Conclusions: The observed longitudinal patterns of orofacial pain and jaw dysfunction indicate increasing prevalence of orofacial pain together with substantial gender differences in TMD. The finding of independent onset of jawcatching/locking and orofacial pain reinforces that these two differ in the pathophysiology. The challenges in decision-making for patients with TMD and perceived suboptimal management of TMD symptoms are partly related to the structural organization of the Public Dental Health Services. Thus, careful review of the current organization is warranted since the treatment-need related to orofacial pain will probably increase.
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| 23. |
- Ilgunas, Aurelia, et al.
(författare)
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Patients' experiences of temporomandibular disorders and related treatment
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Oral Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-6831. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common and therefore managed by dentists on a daily basis. However, patients with TMD consistently go undetected and therefore untreated in dentistry. The reasons for these shortcomings have not been fully explored, specifically with regard to patients’ perspectives. Therefore, this study aimed to explore patients’ experiences of TMD and related treatment, with special focus on the experiences of having TMD, factors related to seeking care, and perspectives on received treatment.Methods: Purposive sampling was used to recruit adult patients at the Public Dental Health services (PDHS) in the Region of Västerbotten, Sweden, during 2019. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed using Qualitative Content Analysis. Sixteen patients were interviewed (ten women and six men, 20–65 years). The interviews probed the patients’ perspectives of having TMD, seeking care, and receiving treatment. All participants were also examined according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) and qualified for at least one DC/TMD diagnosis.Results: The data analysis led to the main theme Seeking care when the situation becomes untenable, but dental care fails to meet all needs. The patients expressed worry and social discomfort because of the symptoms but still strived to have an as normal daily life as possible. However, severe symptoms and associated consequences compelled them to seek professional help. Experiences of distrust together with challenges to access the PDHS were identified and related to the patients’ unfulfilled expectations.Conclusions: Patients’ reported experiences indicate that receiving timely and appropriate care is more of an unfulfilled expectation than the current state of management of patients with TMD in dentistry.
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| 24. |
- Ilgunas, Aurelia, et al.
(författare)
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The longitudinal relationship between jaw catching/locking and pain
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 102:4, s. 383-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Orofacial pain and joint-related dysfunction can negatively affect daily jaw function. A common cause for limitations in jaw movements is joint-related dysfunction such as various forms of catching and locking. However, knowledge is limited regarding the development and natural course of joint-related jaw dysfunction and its relationship to the onset and course of orofacial pain. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate the incidence, prevalence, and gender differences in jaw catching/locking over time and in relation to orofacial pain in the general population. Data from 3 validated screening questions on orofacial pain and jaw catching/locking were collected from all routine dental checkups in the Public Dental Health Services in Västerbotten, Sweden, from 2010 to 2017. Logistic generalized estimating equation was used to account for repeated observations and Poisson regression for incidence analysis. In total, 180,308 individuals (aged 5–104 y) were screened in 525,707 dental checkups. In 2010, based on 37,647 individuals, the prevalence of self-reported catching/locking was higher in women than in men (3.2% vs. 1.5%; odds ratio, 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.83–2.43), and this relationship and magnitude remained similar throughout the study period. The annual incidence rate was 1.1% in women and 0.5% in men. Women were at a higher risk than men for reporting both first onset (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.29; 95% CI, 2.11–2.49) and persistent (IRR, 2.31; 95% CI, 2.04–2.63) catching/locking. For the onset subcohort (n = 135,801), an independent onset of orofacial pain or jaw catching/locking exclusively was reported by 84.1%, whereas a concurrent onset was reported by 13.4%. Our findings of higher incidence, prevalence, and persistence in women than in men indicate that the gender differences seen for orofacial pain are evident also for jaw catching/locking. The findings also suggest independent onset of self-reported catching/locking and orofacial pain, which reinforces the pathophysiological differences between these conditions.
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| 25. |
- Jansson, Anette M, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Applying a fracture mechanics approach on FRC beams, material testing and structural analysis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Submitted to Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The presented work has been focused on strain-softening FRC and the interrelationship between material properties and structural behaviour. The main purpose of this work was to establish a procedure for structural analysis of flexural members with a combination of steel fibres and conventional reinforcement. A systematic approach for material testing and structural analysis, based on fracture mechanics, has been used and this covers: (1) material testing; (2) inverse analysis; (3) adjustment of the -w relationship for fibre efficiency; and (4) cross-sectional and structural analysis. The results suggest that the approach used for the material testing provides the necessary properties to perform analyses based on non-linear fracture mechanics. The structural behaviour could be predicted with good agreement with FEM using both bi-linear and multi-linear -w relationships. When comparing the peak loads obtained in the experiments with the results from the analyses, the agreement was good, with a high correlation. This demonstrates the strength of the fracture-mechanics approach for material testing and structural analysis.
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| 26. |
- Jansson, Anette M, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Applying a fracture mechanics approach to material testing and structural analysis of FRC beams
- 2007
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Ingår i: Conference proceedings for FRAMCOS-6, Catania, Italy June 2007. ; , s. 1491-1496
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presented work has been focused on strain-softening FRC and the interrelationship between material properties and structural behaviour. The main purpose of this work was to establish a procedure for structural analysis of flexural members with a combination of conventional reinforcement and steel fibres. A systematic approach for material testing and structural analysis, based on fracture mechanics has been used, this covers: (1) material testing; (2) inverse analysis; (3) adjustment of the -w relationship for fibre efficiency; and (4) cross-sectional and structural analysis. The results suggest that the approach used for the material testing provides the necessary properties to perform analyses based on non-linear fracture mechanics. The structural behaviour could be predicted with good agreement, using both FEM and an analytical model, and when comparing the peak loads obtained in the experiments with the results from the analyses, the agreement was good, with a high correlation. Hence, this demonstrates the strength of the fracture-mechanical approach for material testing and structural analysis.
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| 27. |
- Jansson, Anette M, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Bond between Reinforcement and Self-Compacting Steel-Fibre-Reinforced Concrete
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceeding of the Fourth International Conference on Bond in Concrete 2012: Bond, Anchorage, Detailing. ; 1, s. 323-329
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, pull-out tests of specimens with short embedment length and varying fibre content were carried out. The results showed no effect from the fibres on the bond-slip behaviour before peak load when normalized with respect to the compressive strength. After peak, the fibre reinforcement provided extra confinement, changing the failure mode from splitting to pull-out failure. The test results were used to calibrate a frictional bond model in non-linear finite element analyses. The model proved to yield results in good agreement with the experimental results regarding failure modes, load-slip relation and splitting strains on the surfaces of the pull-out specimens. The tests and analyses in combination confirmed that the fibre reinforcement neither disturbed nor improved the bond properties at the interface layer between reinforcement steel and concrete; i.e. the fibres only provided confinement to the surrounding structure.
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| 28. |
- Jansson, Anette M, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Bond of reinforcement in self-compacting steel-fibre-reinforced concrete
- 2012
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Ingår i: Magazine of Concrete Research. - : Thomas Telford Ltd.. - 0024-9831 .- 1751-763X. ; 64:7, s. 617-630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crack control, one of the main benefits of using fibre reinforcement, depends to a large extent on the concrete-rebar bond. Pull-out tests of specimens with short embedment length were carried out and the results showed no effect from the fibres on the normalised bond-slip behaviour before peak load. After this, the fibre reinforcement provided extra confinement, changing the failure mode from splitting to pull-out failure. The test results were used to calibrate a finite-element bond model that considers both tangential stresses and stresses in the radial direction from the rebar. Splitting cracks may be thus considered in the finite-element analyses. The model proved to yield results in good agreement with the experimental results regarding failure mode, load-slip relation and splitting strains on the surfaces of the pull-out specimens. The analyses revealed that two types of action were active in the cracking process. In addition, the confinement effect of the fibre reinforcement was compared with the confinement of conventional stirrups using the bond model in CEB-FIP model code 2010.
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| 29. |
- Jansson, Anette M, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Design methods of fibre reinforced concrete: a state-of-the-art review
- 2008
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Ingår i: Submitted to Nordic Concrete Research.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The increasing interest in the use of fibre reinforcement has created a need for established design and analysis methods. Fibre reinforcement is mainly used in applications such as industrial floors and sprayed concrete, although other application areas exist. Apart from increased load carrying capacity, one of the main benefits of adding fibres to concrete is the potential reduction in crack width, which depends on the amount of fibres added and positively affects the durability of the finished structure. By comparing ten design methods proposed by technical committees, this paper provides a basis for further research aimed at developing a common design basis. Evaluation is based on the way the fibre capacity is considered. In addition, a “good” design method should also consider all (or most) design situations. It was found that, for design, the Italian proposal provides comprehensiveness. However, some amendments are needed, e.g. a suggestion is that the proposed formula for calculating crack width/crack spacing be modified to also consider the residual tensile strength.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Jansson, Anette M, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental investigation of surface crack initiation, propagation and tension stiffening in self-compacting steel–fibre-reinforced concrete
- 2012
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Ingår i: Materials and Structures. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-5997 .- 1871-6873. ; 45:8, s. 1127-1143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate crack initiation and propagation in reinforced, self-compacting, steel–fibre-reinforced concrete (SCSFRC) members, tie elements were tested in tension. Strain and surface crack formation were monitored with an optical strain measurement system based on digital image correlation. In addition, to capture the softening behaviour (s–w) of the material, uni-axial tension testing was performed on SCSFRC cylinders. The results show that, with the optical strain measurement system, it was possible to detect different cracking modes and to follow the crack growth. It was especially of interest to recognize that high fibre amounts tend to change a sudden opening of a crack (as in non-fibrous concrete) into a more stable procedure. It was found that, for a given crack width, the SCSFRC specimens exhibited a noticeably higher tension stiffening than the specimens without fibres. Moreover, at a given load, the crack widths decreased by as much as 65% for the SCSFRC specimens with a nominal fibre content of 1%. For the uni-axial tension tests the results showed that with higher fibre content, for this type of fibre and concrete, both the peak stress and the residual tensile stress were increased. Additionally, it was noted for both specimen types that the scatter in fibre distribution decreased with increasing fibre content.
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| 32. |
- Jansson, Anette M, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Flexural Behaviour of members with a combination of steel fibres and conventional reinforcement
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nordic Concrete Research. - 0800-6377. ; 2/2010:42, s. 155-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the presented work was to investigate the flexural behaviour of members with a combination of steel fibres and conventional reinforcement. A systematic approach for material testing and structural analysis, based on fracture mechanics, was used and covers (1) material testing, (2) inverse analysis and (3) structural analysis based on FEM. In addition, the average crack spacing from the FE analyses was compared with experimental results and with two analytical approaches. The results suggest that the approach used for the material testing provides the properties necessary to perform analyses based on non-linear fracture mechanics. The structural behaviour could be predicted with good agreement with FEM using both bi-linear and multi-linear stress-crack opening (-w) relationships. When comparing peak loads obtained in the experiments with results from the analyses, the agreement was good. The crack spacing from the experiments was predicted with good agreement using both the analytical approach by Löfgren and the multi-linear FE approach.
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| 33. |
- Jansson, Anette M, 1963, et al.
(författare)
-
MATERIAL TESTING AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF FRC BEAMS - AFRACTURE MECHANICS APPROACH
- 2008
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Ingår i: Conference proceedings - Befib, Chennai India, Sept 2008.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractThe presented work has been focused on strain-softening FRC and the interrelationshipbetween material properties and structural behaviour. The main purpose of this work was toestablish a procedure for structural analysis of flexural members with a combination of steelfibres and conventional reinforcement. A systematic approach for material testing andstructural analysis, based on fracture mechanics, has been used and this covers: (1) materialtesting; (2) inverse analysis; (3) adjustment of the s-w relationship for fibre efficiency; and(4) cross-sectional and structural analysis. The results suggest that the approach used for thematerial testing provides the necessary properties to perform analyses based on non-linearfracture mechanics. The structural behaviour could be predicted with good agreement withFEM using both bi-linear and multi-linear s-w relationships. When comparing the peak loadsobtained in the experiments with the results from the analyses, the agreement was good, witha high correlation. This demonstrates the strength of the fracture-mechanics approach formaterial testing and structural analysis.
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| 34. |
- Jepsen, M. S., et al.
(författare)
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A fully general and adaptive inverse analysis method for cementitious materials
- 2016
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Ingår i: Materials and Structures/Materiaux et Constructions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-5997. ; 49:10, s. 4335-4348
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents an adaptive method for inverse determination of the tensile relationship, direct tensile strength and Young's modulus of cementitious materials. The method facilitates an inverse analysis with a multi-linear function. Usually, simple bi- or tri-linear functions are applied when modeling the fracture mechanisms in cementitious materials, but the vast development of pseudo-strain hardening, fiber reinforced cementitious materials require inverse methods, capable of treating multi-linear functions. The proposed method is fully general in the sense that it relies on least square fitting between test data obtained from various kinds of test setup, three-point bending or wedge splitting test, and simulated data obtained by either FEA or analytical models. In the current paper adaptive inverse analysis is conducted on test data obtained from three-point bending of notched specimens and simulated data from a nonlinear hinge model. The paper shows that the results obtained by means of the proposed method is independent on the initial shape of the function and the initial guess of the tensile strength. The method provides very accurate fits, and the increased number of variables describing the relationship constitutes the basis for obtaining detailed information of crack propagation in any cementitious material.
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| 35. |
- Jepsen, M. S., et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive inverse analysis (AIA) applied and verified on various fiber reinforced concrete composites
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Materials and Structures/Materiaux et Constructions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-5997. ; 51:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the past decades several inverse approaches have been developed to identify the stress-crack opening (σ−w) by means of indirect test methods, such as the notched three point bending-, wedge splitting-, and round panel testing. The aim is to establish reliable constitutive models for the tensile behavior of fiber reinforced concrete materials, suitable for structural design. Within this context, the adaptive inverse analysis (AIA) was recently developed to facilitate a fully general and automatized inverse analysis scheme, which is applicable in conjunction with analytical or finite element simulation of the experimental response. This paper presents a new formulation of the adaptive refinement criterion of the AIA method. The paper demonstrates that the refinement criterion of the nonlinear least square curve fitting process, is significantly improved by coupling the model error to the crack mouth opening and the crack opening displacement relationship. This enables an adaptive refinement of the σ−w model in the line segment with maximum model error, which entails significant improvement of the numerical efficiency of the AIA method without any loss of robustness. The improved method is applied on various fiber reinforced concrete composites and the results are benchmarked with the inverse analysis method suggested by the Japanese Concrete Institute (Method of test for fracture energy of concrete by use of notched beam, Japanese Concrete Institute Standard, Tokyo, 2003) and recently adopted in ISO 19044 (Test methods for fibre-reinforced cementitious composites—load-displacement curve using notched specimen, 2015). The benchmarking demonstrates that the AIA method, in contradiction to the JCI/ISO method, facilitates direct determination of the tensile strength and operational multi-linear σ−w models.
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| 36. |
- Klintman, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
The Prognostic Value of Mitotic Activity Index (MAI), Phosphohistone H3 (PPH3), Cyclin B1, Cyclin A, and Ki67, Alone and in Combinations, in Node-Negative Premenopausal Breast Cancer
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proliferation, either as the main common denominator in genetic profiles, or in the form of single factors such as Ki67, is recommended for clinical use especially in estrogen receptor-positive (ER) patients. However, due to high costs of genetic profiles and lack of reproducibility for Ki67, studies on other proliferation factors are warranted. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the proliferation factors mitotic activity index (MAI), phosphohistone H3 (PPH3), cyclin B1, cyclin A and Ki67, alone and in combinations. In 222 consecutive premenopausal node-negative breast cancer patients (87% without adjuvant medical treatment), MAI was assessed on whole tissue sections (predefined cut-off >= 10 mitoses), and PPH3, cyclin B1, cyclin A, and Ki67 on tissue microarray (predefined cut-offs 7th decile). In univariable analysis (high versus low) the strongest prognostic proliferation factor for 10-year distant disease-free survival was MAI (Hazard Ratio (HR)=3.3, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.8-6.1), followed by PPH3, cyclin A, Ki67, and cyclin B1. A combination variable, with patients with MAI and/or cyclin A high defined as high-risk, had even stronger prognostic value (HR=4.2, 95% CI: 2.2-7). When stratifying for ER-status, MAI was a significant prognostic factor in ER-positive patients only (HR=7.0, 95% CI: 3.1-16). Stratified for histological grade, MAI added prognostic value in grade 2 (HR=7.2, 95% CI: 3.1-38) and grade 1 patients. In multivariable analysis including HER2, age, adjuvant medical treatment, ER, and one proliferation factor at a time, only MAI (HR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.1-6.7), and cyclin A (HR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.2-6.0) remained independently prognostic. In conclusion this study confirms the strong prognostic value of all proliferation factors, especially MAI and cyclin A, in all patients, and more specifically in ER-positive patients, and patients with histological grade 2 and 1. Additionally, by combining two proliferation factors, an even stronger prognostic value may be found.
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| 37. |
- Lilja, H, et al.
(författare)
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Prostate-specific antigen in serum occurs predominantly in complex with alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
- 1991
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 37:9, s. 25-1618
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunologic measurements of the serum concentration of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), an abundant prostatic-secreted serine proteinase, are frequently used to monitor patients with prostate cancer, though it has not been ascertained whether this immunoreactivity represents a PSA zymogen, the active proteinase, or PSA complexed to extracellular proteinase inhibitors. To characterize the PSA immunoreactivity in serum, we used monoclonal antibodies produced against PSA and a polyclonal rabbit IgG against alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in the design of three noncompetitive PSA assays: assay T, which detected PSA both when present as the active proteinase and when complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin; assay F, which recognized the active proteinase but most poorly detected PSA complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin; and assay C, which was specific for PSA complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. We used the three assays to measure PSA immunoreactivity in 64 patients' sera and in the effluent after gel chromatography of sera from four patients. This identified an 80- to 90-kDa complex between PSA and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin as the predominant fraction of the PSA immunoreactivity in blood plasma; an immunoreactive 25- to 40-kDa compound was the minor fraction.
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| 38. |
- Lövgren, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between screening for functional jaw disturbances and patient reported outcomes on jaw limitations and oral behaviors
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice. - : Elsevier. - 1532-3382 .- 1532-3390. ; 23:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is a collective term for pain and functional disturbances related to the jaw muscles and the temporomandibular joint. In contrast to screening for orofacial pain, knowledge is limited on the association between patient-reported outcomes and screening for joint-related functional jaw disturbances. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the association between a screening question for functional jaw disturbances, and disease-specific outcome measures for functional jaw limitations and oral behaviors.Methods: This study included 299 individuals (201 women; 20-69 years, median 37.0) in a general population sample from Västerbotten, Northern Sweden in 2014. A single screening question for functional jaw disturbances “Does your jaw lock or become stuck once a week or more?” was used to categorize individuals as cases or controls. Patient-reported outcomes on functional jaw disturbances were assessed with the 20-item jaw functional limitation scale (JFLS-20) and oral behaviors with the 21-item Oral Behaviors Checklist (OBC-21).Results: The strongest predictive probability to have a positive screening outcome was functional jaw limitations related to mobility (AUCboot=0.78, 95 CI:0.71-0.86, P <.001), followed by limitations related to communication (AUCboot = 0.74, 95 CI:0.63-0.80, P <.001) and mastication (AUCboot = 0.73, 95 CI:0.66-0.81, P <.001). The frequency of oral behaviors was not significantly associated with a positive screening outcome (AUCboot = 0.65, 95 CI:0.55-0.72, P =.223).Conclusions: Self-reported functional limitations, but not oral behaviors, are strongly associated with a single screening question for frequent functional jaw disturbances. This finding provides support for incorporating a question on jaw catching/locking once a week or more in screening instruments for TMDs.
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| 39. |
- Lövgren, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Temporomandibular pain and jaw dysfunction at different ages covering the lifespan - A population based study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : Wiley. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 20:4, s. 532-540
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundTemporomandibular pain and jaw dysfunction can have a negative effect on daily life, but these conditions are not well recognized in the health care systems. The general aim was to examine the cross-sectional prevalence of frequent temporomandibular pain and jaw dysfunction in men and women across the lifespan.MethodsThe analysis was based on data from 137,718 individuals (mean age 35years, SD 22.7) who answered three questions (3Q/TMD) included in the digital health declaration in the Public Dental Health care in the county of Vasterbotten, Sweden; Q1: Do you have pain in your temple, face, jaw or jaw joint once a week or more?'; Q2: Does it hurt once a week or more when you open your mouth or chew?'; and Q3: Does your jaw lock or become stuck once a week or more?'ResultsThe prevalence of frequent temporomandibular pain (Q1) was 5.2% among women and 1.8% among men (p<0.0001). The prevalence of frequent pain on jaw movement (Q2) was 2.5% among women and 0.9% among men (p<0.0001). The prevalence of frequent locking of the jaw (Q3) was 2.7% among women and 1.2% among men (p<0.0001).ConclusionsThe study shows that the cross-sectional prevalence of temporomandibular pain and jaw dysfunction varies during the lifespan. For men and women, respectively, symptoms increase during adolescence, peak in middle age and then gradually diminish. The prevalence of these symptoms is significantly higher among women except from the first and last decades of a 100-year lifespan.
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| 40. |
- Lövgren, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
The association between myofascial orofacial pain with and without referral and widespread pain
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 80:7, s. 481-486
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Pain referral on palpation has been suggested to be a clinical sign of central sensitization potentially associated with widespread pain conditions. Our aim was to evaluate if myofascial pain with referral is a better predictor for widespread pain when compared to no pain or local myofascial pain.Materials and methods: Individuals at the Public Dental services in Västerbotten, Sweden, were randomly invited based on their answers to three screening questions for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). In total, 300 individuals (202 women, 20–69 yrs) were recruited, and examined according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) after completion of a body pain drawing. Widespread pain was considered present when seven or more pain sites were reported on the widespread pain index. A binary logistic regression model, adjusted for the effect of age and gender were used to evaluate the association between myofascial orofacial pain and widespread pain.Results: Widespread pain was reported by 31.3% of the study sample. There was a 57.3% overlap with myofascial pain. Widespread pain was associated to myofascial orofacial pain with and myofascial orofacial pain (OR 4.83 95% CI 2.62–9.05 and OR 11.62 95% CI 5.18–27.88, respectively).Conclusion: These findings reinforce the existing knowledge on the overlap between painful TMD and other chronic pain conditions.
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| 41. |
- Lövgren, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
The outcome of a temporomandibular joint compression test for the diagnosis of arthralgia is confounded by concurrent myalgia
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 24, s. 97-102
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Pain in the orofacial region may originate from different structures, and one challenge for the clinician is to determine the primary origin of pain reported by the patient. In clinical practice, it is important to discriminate between a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain disorder and jaw muscle pain; therefore, tests that are proposed for such purposes warrant evaluation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcome of a TMJ compression test in relation to a Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) arthralgia diagnosis.Methods: A study population (n = 300), randomly selected from the adult population in Västerbotten, Sweden, was examined according to the DC/TMD criteria and with a TMJ compression test. This test is comprised of forceful unilateral biting for 20 s on a wooden spatula in the first molar region. Familiar pain on the contralateral side to the clenching side was considered a positive test outcome.Results: Positive contralateral outcome of the TMJ compression test was associated with an arthralgia diagnosis (B = 1.737; OR 5.7, 95% CI 3.3–9.9). This association was confounded by concurrent myalgia (B = 1.737 → B = 0.996, 42.7%).Conclusion: In a general population, a negative TMJ compression test was strongly associated with the absence of a contralateral TMJ arthralgia diagnosis according to DC/TMD. The association between a positive TMJ compression test and a DC/TMD arthralgia diagnosis was confounded by the presence of myalgia.Clinical relevance: Concurrent myalgia renders the usefulness of the TMJ compression test for predicting an arthralgia diagnosis questionable.
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| 42. |
- Lövgren, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Validity of three screening questions (3Q/TMD) in relation to the DC/TMD
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 43:10, s. 729-736
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common but seem to be largely undetected within general dental care. To improve dentists' awareness of these symptoms, three screening questions (3Q/TMD) have been introduced. Our aim was to validate 3Q/TMD in relation to the diagnostic criteria for TMD (DC/TMD), while taking into account the severity level of the symptoms. The study population consisted of 7831 individuals 20-69 years old, who had their routine dental check-up at the Public Dental Health Service in Västerbotten, Sweden. All patients answered a health declaration, including the 3Q/TMD regarding frequent temporomandibular pain, pain on movement and catching/locking of the jaw. All 3Q-positives (at least one affirmative) were invited for examination in randomised order. For each 3Q-positive, a matched 3Q-negative was invited. In total, 152 3Q-positives and 148 3Q-negatives participated. At examination, participants answered 3Q/TMD a second time, before they were examined and diagnosed according to DC/TMD. To determine symptom's severity, the Graded Chronic Pain Scale and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-20 (JFLS-20) were used. In total, 74% of 3Q-positives and 16% of 3Q-negatives met the criteria for DC/TMD pain or dysfunction (disc displacements with reduction and degenerative joint disorder were excluded). Fifty-five per cent of 3Q-positives had a TMD diagnosis and CPI score ≥3 or a JFLS-20 score ≥5, compared to 4% of 3Q-negatives. The results show that the 3Q/TMD is an applicable, cost-effective and valid tool for screening a general adult population to recognise patients in need of further TMD examination and management.
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| 43. |
- Lövgren, Janita, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of the zymogen form of prostate-specific antigen by human glandular kallikrein 2
- 1997
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Ingår i: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. ; 238:2, s. 55-549
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) are glandular kallikreins secreted by the prostate gland. Both enzymes are synthesized with a propeptide that is supposedly cleaved off in the prostate to yield the mature forms found in semen. We have purified and characterised recombinant PSA and hK2 produced in eucaryotic cells. Recombinant PSA was recovered as a zymogen and recombinant hK2 was recovered in mature form. The zymogen form of PSA had no or very low enzymatic activity. After incubation with hK2, proPSA was activated, as shown by the cleavage of the seminal gel proteins and a peptide substrate; the hK2-proPSA ratio used was similar to the enzyme-substrate ratio that prevails under phyciological conditions. Our results indicate that hK2 is responsible for the activation of proPSA, a finding that may be very important for understanding of the role of these two kallikreins in the reproductive system and in prostate cancer biology.
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| 44. |
- Lövgren, Janita, et al.
(författare)
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Production and activation of recombinant hK2 with propeptide mutations resulting in high expression levels
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Eur J Biochem. ; 266:3, s. 5-1050
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) is a serine protease expressed mainly by the prostate gland with 80% identity in primary structure to prostate specific antigen (PSA). hK2 has proven to be a useful marker of prostate cancer which can be used in combination with PSA to better discriminate between prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia. The studies on hK2 have been hampered by its very low phyciological levels (6 microgram.mL-1), its close similarity to PSA, and the low expression levels obtained using recombinant procedures to produce hK2 (0.7 mg.L-1). We have now generated propeptide mutations of hK2 which can be used to isolate stable, inactive prohK2 mutants. Compared with wild-type hK2, expression of the propeptide hK2 mutants increases the expression levels up to 15-40-fold giving 10-30 mg hK2.L-1. These results indicate that the low expression levels of wild-type hK2 are related to the activation or autoactivation of the wild-type enzyme and the instability of the active protease in cell culture and possibly also in tissue. The purified mutant hK2 may be activated by either enterokinase or factor Xa to generate an enzyme for use in functional studies with the characteristics of the original wild-type protein. Further, the stable inactive mutant hK2 protein may be used for immunizations to generate novel monoclonal antibodies, used as standard material for clinical assays or in crystallization studies where large quantities of protein are required.
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| 45. |
- Lövgren, Janita, et al.
(författare)
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Production of recombinant PSA and HK2 and analysis of their immunologic cross-reactivity
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. - : Elsevier BV. ; 213:3, s. 888-895
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum are widely used to monitor patients with prostate cancer, but the attenuation of the assay response by PSA complexed to protease inhibitors has been shown to affect the results in certain assay designs. Moreover, the human glandular kallikrein-2 (hK2), a kallikrein-like serine protease that is 80% similar to PSA, might interfere with the specific detection of PSA by immunological cross-reactivity. We have expressed hK2 and PSA in eucaryotic cells using the Semliki Forest Virus expression system and studied the reactivity of 18 monoclonal anti-PSA IgGs. Five of them cross-reacted with identical affinities to recombinant hK2 whereas 13 recognized PSA alone. The antibodies that recognized both PSA and hK2 bind to a region of the protein that is exposed when PSA is complexed to alpha-1-antichymotrypsin.
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| 46. |
- Lövgren, M. L., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of impacted maxillary canines-an epidemiological study in a region with systematically implemented interceptive treatment
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2210 .- 0141-5387. ; 41:5, s. 454-459
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In dentistry, epidemiological studies are important for establishing high-quality care for the individual patient as well as for socio-economic reasons. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this epidemiological study was to evaluate the prevalence of impacted maxillary canines in a geographical region in which interceptive treatment is implemented systematically. Furthermore, the aim was to study the age and gender of the patients, and the location and surgical technique used for the impacted maxillary canine. METHOD: The study was based on 54 716 adolescents in the Region Västra Götaland, Sweden who were born in the period 1996-98. All patients in the three cohorts who had impacted maxillary canines treated with surgical exposure or surgical removal were identified in the dental record system used in the region. RESULTS: The prevalence of impacted maxillary canines when interceptive treatment was systematically implemented was 1.1% (N = 601). Overall, the cohorts of patients with impacted canines comprised 65% girls and 35% boys. Most of the canines were palatally impacted and the most common surgical technique was closed exposure. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of impacted maxillary canines in a geographical area in which interceptive treatment is systematically implemented is lower than that reported previously. The distributions of impacted canines with respect to gender and location are in accordance with those reported previously in similar studies. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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| 47. |
- Lövgren, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Sweden and Finland need to improve the support provided for the siblings of children with cancer.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:2, s. 369-370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence favours sibling support as a standard of care in paediatric oncology (1). Guidelines published in 1999 by the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (2) recommended involving siblings in the ill child's care and supporting siblings during and after the illness. Studies have shown that this is something that siblings want and need (3) and lack of support has increased the risk of long-term psychological distress (4). Sibling support varies between countries. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 48. |
- Melin-Johansson, Christina, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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End of life conversations from a life cycle perspective
- 2019
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Palliative care is provided over a long period of time in parallel with curative interventions but sooner or later a breakpoint occurs when curative treatment no longer has an effect. A new state enters and the patients need a palliative breakpoint conversation (PBC). This requires a medical assessment and should be documented in the patients record. PBC are often conducted as a response to patient´s unexpected deterioration or not at all. According to the Swedish Register of Palliative Care (SRPC) about 27 000 patients in hospitals (year 2014-2017) did not receive PBC and 50 % of all patients (N=500 000) PBC were not documented.Aim: To explore the proportion of patients in all clinical units in Sweden that did not receive PBC documented in the medical records.Methods: All clinical units N=6000 in the SRPC that collects data from hospitals, hospices, nursing homes and home care, with an end-of-life questionnaire about palliative care content focusing on the last week of life will be included. We will explore what units documented PBC (answered yes in the questionnaire) or not documented PBC (answered no in the questionnaire). Data analysis is under progress with statistical analysis, and preliminary results will be presented at the conference.Outcomes: Patients that do not receive PBC may suffer in a greater extent, in comparison with those who get PBC, from pain and other symptoms and have less frequent access to drugs for pain, anxiety and nausea. They die with parenteral nutritional treatment and with pressure ulcers. Patients don't die where they prefer and they die alone. Their relatives don't receive information and are not offered bereavement support.Discussion: Insufficient documentation about PBC may bring about unnecessary unclarity on how to care for the patient, this uncertainty can be perceived as confusing for both patient and family. A PBC late in the disease can also impair the patients ability to participate in decision-making.
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| 49. |
- Narbe, Ulrik, et al.
(författare)
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The estrogen receptor coactivator AIB1 is a new putative prognostic biomarker in ER-positive/HER2-negative invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast
- 2019
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 175:2, s. 305-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: According to the 2017 St Gallen surrogate definitions of the intrinsic subtypes, Ki67, progesterone receptor (PR) and Nottingham histological grade (NHG) are used for prognostic classification of estrogen receptor (ER) positive/HER2-negative breast cancer into luminal A- or luminal B-like. The aim of the present study was to investigate if additional biomarkers, related to endocrine signaling pathways, e.g., amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1), androgen receptor (AR), and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), can provide complementary prognostic information in a subset of ER-positive/HER-negative invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Methods: Biomarkers from 224 patients were analyzed immunohistochemically on tissue microarray. The primary endpoint was breast cancer mortality (BCM), analyzed with 10- and 25-year follow-up (FU). In addition, the prognostic value of gene expression data for these biomarkers was analyzed in three publicly available ILC datasets. Results: AIB1 (high vs. low) was associated to BCM in multivariable analysis (adjusted for age, tumor size, nodal status, NHG, Ki67, luminal-like classification, and adjuvant systemic therapy) with 10-year FU (HR 6.8, 95% CI 2.3–20, P = 0.001) and 25-year FU (HR 3.0, 95% CI 1.1–7.8, P = 0.03). The evidence of a prognostic effect of AIB1 could be confirmed by linking gene expression data to outcome in independent publicly available ILC datasets. AR and GPER were neither associated to BCM with 10-year nor with 25-year FU (P > 0.33). Furthermore, Ki67 and NHG were prognostic for BCM at both 10-year and 25-year FU, whereas PR was not. Conclusions: AIB1 is a new putative prognostic biomarker in ER-positive/HER2-negative ILC.
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- Nelson, Hanna, 1976-
(författare)
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Modelling precipitation and surface complexation reactions in systems with Goethite, Cu(II) and Oxyanions Containing As(V) or P(V)
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aqueous solubility of oxyanion (e.g. phosphates and arsenates), and thereby their mobility, bioavailability (phosphates) and toxicity (arsenates), in soils and sediments is dependent upon their chemical speciation. In complex, multicomponent systems, equilibrium modelling can be a useful tool to predict chemical speciation. When establishing a model, it is essential to understand the interactions between all the components not only in solution but also on mineral surfaces at a molecular level. By applying surface complexation models processes at mineral surfaces can be accounted for. This thesis is a summary of four papers and focuses on surface complexation of the oxyanions arsenate, phosphate and monomethyl phosphate adsorbed onto the surface of goethite (α-FeOOH). Furthermore, adsorption and precipitation of copper(II) arsenates from aqueous solutions has been studied. Solid copper(II) arsenates obtained in precipitation experiments were characterised and five different solid phases with different Cu(II) to As(V) ratio, as well as proton and Na +content, were identified; Cu5Na(HAsO4)(AsO4)3(s), Cu5Na2(AsO4)4(s), Cu3(AsO4)2(s), Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3(s) and Cu2(AsO4)(OH)(s). The adsorption of arsenate and copper(II) to the goethite surface, could not be predicted by only applying the combined model from the two binary systems, arsenate-goethite and copper(II)-goethite. Instead, two ternary copper-arsenate-goethite surface complexes were added. In one of the surface complexes arsenate is bound to goethite surface via a copper(II) ion coordinating to surface hydroxyl groups and in the other surface complex, copper(II) is coordinating arsenate bound to the goethite surface. Surface complexation models, in agreement with macroscopic data and detailed spectroscopic results, were designed for monomethyl phosphate, phosphate and arsenate adsorbed to goethite. The models contain monodentate inner sphere surface complexes stabilized by hydrogen bonding to neighbouring surface sites. The charge distribution of the complexes was assigned according to Pauling’s valence bond theory. The monomethyl phosphate model consists of three singly protonated surface isomers, only differentiated by the location of the proton . In the case of phosphate and arsenate, six surface complexes, including two pair-wise surface isomers, are suggested to form; ≡FeOAsO 32.5-; (≡FeOAsO3; ≡Fe3OH)2-;(≡FeOAsO3H; ≡Fe3O)2-; (≡FeOAsO3H; ≡Fe3OH)1-; (≡FeOAsO3H2; ≡Fe3O)1- and ≡FeOAsO3H20.5-. A combination of structural information from spectroscopic measurements and quantitative data from spectroscopy, potentiometry and adsorption experiments provides a better understanding of the complexity of the coordination chemistry of particle surfaces and forms the basis for equilibrium models with high physical/chemical relevance.
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