| 1. |
- Alsén, Margot, et al.
(författare)
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Medicine self-poisoning and the sources of the drugs in Lund, Sweden
- 1994
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0447 .- 0001-690X. ; 89:4, s. 255-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of toxic agents in attempted and completed suicides. The purpose was also to explore the sources of the drugs taken by suicide attempters. Verbal information on drug intake was collected from 280 suicide attempters during 1987-1990 in the Lund-Orup catchment area. Information on the sources of the drugs was collected from 143 of these attempters. The study also includes toxicological screening from 73 fatal poisonings in southern Sweden during 1989. According to verbal information, the most common drugs used by suicide attempters were benzodiazepines (51%), analgesics (29%) and antidepressants (20%). In suicide attempters, diazepam and levomepromazine were reported more than expected from prescription data. Toxicological screenings of fatal poisonings showed that benzodiazepines were most common (55%), followed by analgesics (38%), mainly propoxyphene (29%) and antidepressants (30%), mainly amitriptyline (22%). Amitriptyline and diazepam were more commonly detected in completed suicides than expected from prescription data. The most common sources of drugs to attempted suicides were physicians, and especially psychiatrists. We therefore conclude that continuous information to physicians on drug overdose is important, and it is also important to introduce alternative strategies to prevent suicidal behaviour.
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| 2. |
- Andrén, Oliver C. J., et al.
(författare)
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Antibiotic-Free Cationic Dendritic Hydrogels as Surgical-Site-Infection-Inhibiting Coatings
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advanced Healthcare Materials. - : Wiley. - 2192-2640 .- 2192-2659.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A non-toxic hydrolytically fast-degradable antibacterial hydrogel is herein presented to preemptively treat surgical site infections during the first crucial 24 h period without relying on conventional antibiotics. The approach capitalizes on a two-component system that form antibacterial hydrogels within 1 min and consist of i) an amine functional linear-dendritic hybrid based on linear poly(ethylene glycol) and dendritic 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, and ii) a di-N-hydroxysuccinimide functional poly(ethylene glycol) cross-linker. Broad spectrum antibacterial effect is achieved by multivalent representation of catatonically charged β-alanine on the dendritic periphery of the linear dendritic component. The hydrogels can be applied readily in an in vivo setting using a two-component syringe delivery system and the mechanical properties can accurately be tuned in the range equivalent to fat tissue and cartilage (G' = 0.5-8 kPa). The antibacterial effect is demonstrated both in vitro toward a range of relevant bacterial strains and in an in vivo mouse model of surgical site infection.
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| 3. |
- Andrén, Oliver, 1987-
(författare)
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Exploring bis-MPA Based Dendritic Structures in Biomedicine
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the last decades there has been significant advances in polymer chemistry. New coupling chemistries, polymerization techniques and accelerated approaches enable researches to push the limits of structural control. One outcome of such development is the field of linear dendritic (LD) and dendritic linear dendritic (DLD) hybrid materials, drawing benefit from both linear and dendritic material properties. LD-hybrids with their high density of functional groups and customizability offer much promise for use in biological applications. This thesis deals with the potential use of sophisticated LD-hybrid materials focusing on the field of biomedicine and biomedical applications. The linear component is manly poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) while the dendritic part consists of 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic (bis-MPA) building blocks.Initially a family of unsymmetrical LD amphiphiles was constructed and evaluated as carriers for drug delivery of chemotherapeutics. Through self-assembly driven by their amphiphilic nature nanocarriers (NC) were constructed with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic corona. NC were found to enhance the effect of conventional therapeutics by relocating the drug from just the nucleus to the mitochondria among other organelles. Their versatile nature allowed for dual loading of a combination of chemotherapeutics and circumvented the resistance mechanism of resistant cancer cells.Dendrimers containing a disulfide in the backbone were also constructed, these enabled the selective fragmentation of the dendrimer by reduction to small molecular thiols. The fragments were also envisioned to disrupt the delicate thiol-disulfide balance intracellularly causing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dendrimers were elaborated by conjugation to linear PEG creating LD-hybrids and evaluated in vitro and where found to cause high degree of ROS in cancerous cells.Thiol functional polymers were created, including linear polymers, dendrimers and DLD-hybrids. The DLD-hybrids were utilized as hydrogels through two efficient chemistries relying on the versatility of the thiol. By varying the generation of the LD-hybrid and the cross-linking chemistry the modulus could be tuned.Amine functional LD-hybrids were constructed utilizing the amino acid alanine. Scaffolds were utilized as antimicrobial hydrogels for prophylaxis during surgical intervention. LD-hybrids were initially evaluated in planktonic mode, and were found to have broad spectrum effect and were highly effective against resistant bacteria. Gelation was studied relying on N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters as cross-linkers, enabling instantaneous gelation under biological conditions. The gels moduli could be varied to match various tissues including stromal and muscle. The effect of the antimicrobial coatings was investigated with promising results both in vitro and in vivo.Finally, more industrially applicable hyperbranched LD-hybrids were constructed. The synthetic strategy relied on a convenient pseudo one-pot approach using Fisher esterification along with sequential monomer addition. Materials were found to have properties and characteristics similar to those of perfect dendritic LD-hybrids. And the scaffolds were evaluated in a range of applications such as hydrogels and isopourous films with promising results.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical prediction of suicide and undetermined death : A pseudo-prospective clinical and medico-legal study of substance abusers
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 14:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines aspects of prediction of suicide and death of undetermined intent. We investigated all consecutive, autopsied patients between 1993 and 1997 who had been in contact with the Addiction Centre in Malmö from 1968 onwards. The staff was asked, shortly after autopsy but before they knew of the manner of death, if they thought the patient had committed suicide. The case records were blindly evaluated, and toxicological autopsy findings for alcohol in blood samples investigated. The specificity of prediction was 83% and significantly more often correct than the sensitivity, which was only 45% for suicide and for suicide/death of undetermined intent (93% versus 39%). Suicidal communication was more often considered non-serious before death of undetermined intent than before suicide. The former could be predicted by ideation but not by suicide attempt reported in case records, unlike suicide, which was predicted by both. The undetermined group also showed higher levels of alcohol in the blood at autopsy. We concluded that more serious clinical investigation of suicidal feelings, which may be hidden and not taken seriously, and treatment of alcohol use disorders with active follow-up appear urgent in the efforts to prevent suicide.
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| 6. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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From Substance Use Disorders in Life to Autopsy Findings : A Combined Case-Record and Medico-Legal Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 16:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Several studies have shown mortality and suicide risk in substance use disorders, and autopsy findings with respect to the used substances. However, there seems to be a gap in the knowledge about substances misused in life and at death at the within-person level. Methods: All consecutive, autopsied patients during 1993 to 1997, who had been in contact with the Addiction Centre in Malmö from 1968, were investigated (365 subjects). Drug misuse in the long-term course noted in case records was related to autopsy findings. Self-inflicted death (suicide/undetermined suicide/accidental overdose) was compared with natural death. Results: Benzodiazepine misuse was associated with a high risk of autopsy findings of the substance in suicide and death of undetermined intent. It was also associated among non-misusers, but less so. An alcohol level above 1‰ was found more often in self-inflicted death. Prescription opioids at autopsy were mainly found in self-inflicted death among non-misusers. Heroin misuse was related to overdose. Central nervous system stimulants (CNS-S) and cannabis were rarely found in self-inflicted death among previous misusers. The overlap between depression in life and antidepressants at death was low. Conclusions: Benzodiazepines and alcohol seem to disinhibit suicidal tendencies. Suicide risk among users of cannabis and CNS-S may be related to other risk factors than acute use. Implications for suicide prevention are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Number of addictive substances used related to increased risk of unnatural death: a combined medico-legal and case-record study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - 1471-244X. ; 9:Aug 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Substance use disorders have repeatedly been found to lead to premature death, i.e. drug-related death by disease, fatal intoxications, or trauma (accidents, suicide, undetermined suicide, and homicide). The present study examined the relationship between multi-drug substance use and natural and unnatural death. METHODS: All consecutive, autopsied patients who had been in contact with the Addiction Centre in Malmö University Hospital from 1993 to 1997 inclusive were investigated. Drug abuse was investigated blindly in the case records and related to the cause of death in 387 subjects. RESULTS: Every substance apart from alcohol used previously in life added to the risk of unnatural death in a linear way. There were independent increased risks of fatal heroin overdoses or undetermined suicide. Death by suicide and violent death were unrelated to additional abuse. CONCLUSION: The number of drugs used was related to an increased risk of unnatural death by undetermined suicide (mainly fatal intoxications) and heroin overdose.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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ST-handledarna bör vara vetenskapligt kompetenta
- 2008
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm : Sveriges läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 105:24-25, s. 1817-1817
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Varför särbehandlas vetenskaplig kompetens negativt jämfört med övriga områden som handledarskap, pedagogik, kommunikation och etik? Frågan ställs i detta inlägg om Socialstyrelsens förslag till föreskrifter och allmänna råd om läkarnas specialiseringstjänstgöring. Författningstexten bör justeras så att handledaren är kompetent inom alla områden, uppmanar artikelförfattarna.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Håkansson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Romanfigurer ger liv åt tentans patientfall
- 2003
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 100:43, s. 7-3425
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Lund avslutas läkarutbildningens tionde termin med en MEQ-skrivning (Modified Essay Questions). Höstterminen 2002 hämtade vi bakgrundsmiljö och persongalleri till frågornas fallbeskrivningar från ett skönlitterärt verk. Initiativet föll väl ut hos studenterna – de tyckte att boken var bra och att upplägget var utmärkt. Också författaren var nöjd – efter vår »medikalisering« lärde han känna sina romanfigurer på ett nytt och annorlunda sätt.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Löwenhielm, Peter, 1973-
(författare)
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Branched aliphatic polycarbonates : synthesis and coating applications
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis is to describe the synthesisof branched aliphatic polycarbonates and show the potentialapplication of these polymers in the field of powder coatings.The characterization of the polycarbonates was facilitated bythe study of a series of bis-MPAdendrimers, which served asreference of perfectly branched polymers. In addition anε-caprolactone monomer with a bis-MPA pendant unit wassynthesized and polymerized in order to find an alternativesynthetic route hyperbranched polyesters. Cationic ring opening polymerization (CROP) of neopentylenecarbonate was utilized to synthesize a number of branchedpolymers. This monomer was chosen because the thermalproperties of poly(neopentylene carbonate) are promising forpowder coating applications. CROP enabled the synthesis ofbranched polymers, which are of great interest because of theirreduced melt viscosity and high functionality compared tolinear polymers. CROP of neopentylene carbonate, with a seriesof polyols including a hyper-branched polyester (Boltorn H30),in the presence of fumaric acid resulted in polymers withvaried degrees of branching and molecular weights ranging from2 000-100 000 g mol-1. Neopentylene carbonate was also used in the synthesispolycarbonate macromonomers possessing a polymerizablemethacrylate functional group at one of the chain ends. Inthjis case hydroxyethylmethacrylate was used as initiatopr inthe reaction catalyzed by methyl sulfonic acid. The MW of thismacromonomer was 2500 g mol-1and it was used to produce polymer brushes byfree radical and atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP). An ε-caprolactone bearing a pendant bis-MPA wassynthesized and polymerized by Sn(Oct)2. Copolymerization with ε-caprolactone wasperformed to introduce linear segm,ents between the branchingpoints. The molecular weights of the homopolymer and thecopolymer were 3000 and 8000 g mol-1respectively as determined by Size exclusionchromatography (SEC) calibrated with polystyrene. SEC was used to analyze a series of bis-MPA dendrimers, andthe results were used to characterize the branchedpolycarbonates. The Mark-Houwink plots of the dendrimers wereproduced and used as reference in the characterization of thepolycarbonates. The thermal and rheological characterization of thepolycarbonates showed that the polymers were semi-crystallinewith Tgbetween 20-30 °C and Tmbetween 90-120 °C. Rheology measurementsshowed that the architecture had a considerable impact on themelt viscosity. Coating films were produced by UV curing of a series oflinear polycarbonates were functionalized with methacrylicgroups. The storage stability was tested for one week at 45°C, no coagulation of the particles was observed at theend of the testing period. The cured films showed good chemicalresistance and flexibility.
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| 13. |
- Löwenhielm, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Poly (neopentylene carbonate) hyperstars
- 2004
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Ingår i: Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. - : Wiley. - 1022-1352 .- 1521-3935. ; 205:11, s. 1489-1496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Branched aliphatic polycarbonates were synthesized by ring opening polymerization of 5,5-dimethyl-1,2-dioxane-2-one (NPC) initiated from polyfunctional alcohols and a commercial hyperbranched polyester (BOLTORN(R)). Polymerizations in the presence of fumaric acid under bulk conditions allowed high conversion (80%) without gelation. The synthesis of polymers with long chain branches was confirmed by size exclusion chromatography and universal calibration. The Mark-Houwink exponent decreased, indicating an increased density, while increasing the number of arms. The star polymers with up to four arms showed thermal properties T-g (20-30degreesC) and T-m (100-110degreesC) similar to linear PNPC.
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| 14. |
- Malkoch, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and characterization of 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid dendrimers with different cores and terminal groups
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Polymer Science Part A. - : Wiley. - 0887-624X .- 1099-0518. ; 42:7, s. 1758-1767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three sets of aliphatic polyester dendrimers based on 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid (bis-MPA) were synthesized. Two of the sets had benzylidene terminal groups and either a trimethylolpropane or triphenolic core moiety. The last set had acetonide terminal groups and a triphenolic core moiety. Benzylidene-[G#1]-anhydride and acetonide-[G#1] -anhydride were used as the reactive building blocks in the construction of all dendrimers. The large excess of building blocks used in the coupling reactions initially resulted in considerable material loss. This waste was eliminated through the development of a recycling method. H-1 and C-13 NMR and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis were used to verify the purity of all compounds. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used, as well as MALDI-TOF, for molecular weight determinations. The SEC measurements were conducted with a universal calibration method and an online right-angle laser light scattering detector. Measured dendrimer molecular weights were close to their theoretical molar masses. Observations were also made of the hydrodynamic radius and intrinsic viscosity for the different dendrimers.
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| 15. |
- Massoud, Al-Shimaà A A, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Bis 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one silver(I) nitrate: synthesis, X-ray structures, solution chemistry, hydrogel loading, DNA coupling and anti-bacterial screening
- 2011
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Ingår i: New Journal of Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1369-9261 .- 1144-0546. ; 35:3, s. 640-648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synthesis of bis-4,5-diazafluoren-9-one silver(I) nitrate I (dafone = 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one) and the low temperature X-ray single crystal structure of [Ag(4,5-diazafluoren-9-one)2NO3], crystal form 1, and a re-determination of [Ag(4,5-diazafluoren-9-one)2]NO3 . H2O, crystal form 2 are presented. Crystal form 1 has a distorted trigonal planar coordination geometry around Ag(I) with an N-Ag-N bond angle of 123.45(7)o. Crystal form 2 has a perfect linear coordination around Ag, with N-Ag-N 180.0o. Compound I was characterized by 1H-NMR, biological activity and ESI-MS in DMSO at room temperature. The biological activity was determined against 6 different resistant clinical isolates; two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) and four Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella sp.) in comparison with 15 known antibiotics used in the treatment of diabetic foot infections. Compound I showed broad spectrum activity against all the test organisms. P. mirabilis and S. aureus and K. pneumoniae were the most sensitive clinical isolates (MIC = 4, 6 and 4 μg ml-1, respectively). Three different hydrogels containing I or Ag2SO4 were prepared and the antimicrobial activity against Ps. aeruginosa (ATCC 15442) compared, showing more or less equal activity on a weight basis, but I seems to have a significant better performance per silver ion. The Ag(I) complex also binds more effectively to calf thymus DNA than the dafone ligand itself.
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| 16. |
- Mongkhontreerat, Surinthra, et al.
(författare)
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UV initiated thiol-ene chemistry : A facile and modular synthetic methodology for the construction of functional 3D networks with tunable properties
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 1:44, s. 13732-13737
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A facile methodology for the fabrication of functional crosslinked three dimensional (3D) networks has herein been explored via the benign and UV initiated thiol-ene coupling (TEC) chemistry. The careful selection of monomers or polymers and their feed ratio resulted in straightforward design of organic, inorganic and hydrogel networks with readily available alkenes or thiol functional groups. All crosslinked networks were fabricated within 1 second of UV exposure at wavelengths of 320-390 nm and generally exhibited excellent gel fractions around 90%. By introducing off-stoichiometric thiol and ene (OSTE) monomer feed ratios the window of mechanical properties could be manipulated. For the organic triazine system, the Young's modulus was altered from 780 MPa at an equimolar monomer ratio to soft 106 kPa for 2.5 equiv. with excess of thiol compared to enes. Postfunctionalizations with hydrophilic polyethylene glycols or acrylic acid and hydrophobic heneicosafluorododecyl acrylate were explored for the manipulation of functional networks. In this case, the rigid networks with excess of thiols were used as model substrates of which the initial contact angle (CA) of 60°was decreased to 43°by the introduction of acrylic acid and increased to 140°by successful attachment of fluorinated molecules. Finally, amalgamating micropatterning strategy with simple postfunctionalizations of hydrophobic groups resulted in superhydrophobic rigid surfaces with a CA of 173°.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- von Vogelsang, A. -C, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of mobile laminar airflow units on airborne bacterial contamination during neurosurgical procedures
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Hospital Infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6701 .- 1532-2939. ; 99:3, s. 271-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) after neurosurgery are potentially life-threatening and entail great costs. SSIs may occur from airborne bacteria in the operating room, and ultraclean air is desired during infection-prone cleaning procedures. Door openings and the number of persons present in the operating room affect the air quality. Mobile laminar airflow (MLAF) units, with horizontal laminar airflow, have previously been shown to reduce airborne bacterial contamination. Aim: To assess the effect of MLAF units on airborne bacterial contamination during neurosurgical procedures. Methods: In a quasi-experimental design, bacteria-carrying particles (colony-forming units: cfu) during neurosurgical procedures were measured with active air-sampling in operating rooms with conventional turbulent ventilation, and with additional MLAF units. The MLAF units were shifted between operating rooms monthly. Colony-forming unit count and bacterial species detection were conducted after incubation. Data was collected for a period of 18 months. Findings: A total of 233 samples were collected during 45 neurosurgical procedures. The use of MLAF units significantly reduced the numbers of cfu in the surgical site area (P < 0.001) and above the instrument table (P < 0.001). Logistic regression showed that the only significant predictor affecting cfu count was the use of MLAF units (odds ratio: 41.6; 95% confidence interval: 11.3–152.8; P < 0.001). The most frequently detected bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci. Conclusion: MLAF successfully reduces cfu during neurosurgery to ultraclean air levels. MLAF units are valuable when the main operating room ventilation system is unable to produce ultraclean air in infection-prone clean neurosurgery.
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| 20. |
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