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- Alt, Guido, 1990-
(författare)
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Varieties of Necessity in John Buridan : Logic and Natural Philosophy in the Late Middle Ages
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is a study of John Buridan's (c.1300-c.1361) conception of modalities. Modal concepts - concepts of necessity, possibility, impossibility, and contingency - describe the ways in which things could and could not be otherwise. These concepts became notoriously central for philosophical discourse in the late Middle Ages. In recent years, Buridan's philosophy and modal theory have received sophisticated scholarly attention. The main contribution of the dissertation is to show new ways in which Buridan's modal theory is embedded in its contextual practical aims, as providing methods for argumentation schemes and analysis used in his natural philosophy and metaphysics.The dissertation is divided into two parts. In Part I, I conduct a detailed analysis of Buridan's account of varieties of modality in logical contexts. In Chapter 2, I show that Buridan distinguishes between broad and restricted forms of necessity in his treatment of logical consequence. Moreover, I show how the distinction between these forms of necessity underpins his modal syllogistics. I argue in Chapter 3 that Buridan acknowledged a variety of modal concepts that are distinguished as a matter of degree. I identify the main modal concepts Buridan's theory reckons with, show how he motivates the distinctions among them, and clarify how they are logically related. Part II turns to applications of Buridan's modal analyses to natural philosophy. In Chapter 4, I address the relationship between necessity with sempiternal truth in Buridan's commentary on Aristotle's De Caelo and compare Buridan's treatment of a key passage in that commentary with the treatment by John of Jandun (c. 1285-1328), a near-contemporary master of arts at Paris. Chapter 5 focuses on Buridan's account of the relationship between power-based concepts of modality and his modal semantics. Chapter 6 describes Buridan's account of contingency in the Physics, and sets Buridan's account of the relationship between forms of contingency and chance against the background of a received debate between Avicenna's and Averroes' views on the subject. Finally, in Chapter 7, I analyse some important applications of Buridan's distinction between logical and metaphysical possibility in physical contexts. I conclude this section by showing how Buridan considered merely conceivable possibilities useful in natural philosophy, and draw further conclusions for investigating the connections between logic and natural philosophy in the later Middle Ages.
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| 2. |
- Çetinkaya, Ekrem, 1984-
(författare)
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Aristotle’s Realism About Perceptible Qualities
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is about the nature, and more specifically the ontological status of the objects of perception (that is, perceptible qualities) in Aristotle. It defends a realist interpretation. It contends that perceptible qualities are irreducible items in Aristotle’s ontology, and that he holds that they can entertain a perception-independent existence.The thesis offers a way to understand the observation that in the extant works Aristotle often speaks of qualities such as colours, sounds, odours, flavours and tangible qualities (like hotness, dryness, wetness) as features of material objects in our surroundings. It defends the idea that Aristotle speaks of them in this way because he is committed to the view that perceptible qualities are real features of the objects. It specifies the scope of his realism about them by examining their status from various angles. It argues that Aristotle develops a non-reductive approach towards perceptible qualities, on the basis that reductive, if not eliminative, approaches fail to preserve the differences observed by common people between these qualities and some other features that are considered to be ontologically basic. It also establishes Aristotle’s realism from another angle: for him, perceptible qualities can continue to exist in material objects even when they are not being perceived. In this sense, qualities are “affections” of material objects, being features the objects have come to possess after undergoing changes and being affected. Besides all this, the thesis tackles the question of perception-independent existence in the context of causal processes, where perceptible qualities are understood as dispositional properties residing in material objects. The thesis defends the view that perceptible qualities can actualise their potentialities not only when they affect sentient beings and make themselves perceived, but also in the absence of being perceived, namely, when they produce non-perceptual changes in bodies, sentient or insentient.
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| 4. |
- Engvall, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of persistent peripheral neuropathy on health-related quality of life among early-stage breast cancer survivors : a population-based cross-sectional study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Springer. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 195, s. 379-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background We explored the impact of persistent sensory and motor taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN) symptoms on health-related quality of life (HRQL) among early-stage breast cancer survivors (ESBCS). Methods A population-based cohort of 884 residual-free ESBCS received a postal questionnaire, including the EORTC chemotherapy-induced PN (CIPN20) and the EORTC QLQ-C30 instruments. Mean scores of QLQ-C30 scales among ESBCS with and without TIPN were calculated and adjusted for confounding factors (age, lifestyle factors, co-morbidities; linear regression analyses). Interpretation of QLQ-C30 results were based on guidelines. Results Response rate was 79%, and 646 survivors were included in the analysis. In median, 3.6 (1.5-7.3) years had elapsed post-taxane treatment. All TIPN symptoms had a significant impact on global QoL, which worsened with increased severity of TIPN. Between 29.5% and 93.3% of ESBCS with moderate-severe TIPN reported a clinical important impairment of functioning and personal finances, 64.3-85.7% reporting "difficulty walking because of foot drop," and 53.1-81.3% reporting "problems standing/walking because of difficulty feeling ground under feet" had impaired functioning/finances. The difference in mean scores between affected and non-affected survivors was highest for "numbness in toes/feet" and "difficulty walking because of foot drop." Moderate-severe "difficulty climbing stairs or getting out of chair because of weakness of legs" and "problems standing/walking because of difficulty feeling ground under feet" were associated with the largest clinically important differences on all scales. Conclusion Persistent sensory and motor TIPN is associated with clinically relevant impairment of global QoL, functioning, and personal finances among ESBCS, which increased with level of TIPN severity.
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| 5. |
- Green, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin as first-line monotherapy in elderly women with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer : Novel treatment predictive factors identified
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cancer Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3835 .- 1872-7980. ; 313:2, s. 145-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the efficacy and safety of single-agent pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) as first-line treatment for elderly women with advanced breast cancer and evaluated predictive markers for response and toxicity. Twenty-five women >= 65 years received 40 mg/m(2) PLD every 28 days. Time to treatment failure (TTF), response rate, time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) was calculated. The ABCB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), tumor MRN complex, and TOPOII alpha were analyzed. A mean of 7.4 cycles PLD were administered and TIT was 5.5 months and OS 20.6 months. ABCB1 SNPs were found to correlate to both efficacy and toxicity, while tumor expression of the MRN complex and TOPOII alpha correlated to TTP. PLD is a safe and effective treatment for elderly breast cancer patients. Also potential predictive markers were identified.
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| 10. |
- Lagerlund, Henrik, 1970-
(författare)
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Awareness and Unity of Conscious Experience : Buridan and the Common Sense
- 2017
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Ingår i: Questions on the soul by John Buridan and others. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319517636 ; , s. 149-156
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lagerlund’s chapter deals with the issue of the integration of sensations into conscious experience by the inner sense, the so-called common sense. The chapter focuses specifically on two of the most important functions ascribed to the common sense since the time of Aristotle: (i) its ability to make us aware of what we are sensing; and (ii) its ability to sort out what we are sensing and distinguish it from other things. After noting how these two functions are related to modern discussions about consciousness and binding, the chapter uses a type of argument that Kant called “the Achilles of rationalist psychology” to argue for Buridan’s dualism between the soul and the body, both in humans and in brute animals.
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| 11. |
- Lagerlund, Henrik, 1970-
(författare)
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Buridan’s Radical View of Final Causality and Its Influence
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly. - 1051-3558 .- 2153-8441. ; 97:2, s. 211-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In his commentary on Aristotle’s Physics, John Buridan (c. 1300–1361) presents his well-known rejection of final causality. The main problem he sees with it is that it requires the cause to exist before the effect. Despite this, he retains the terminology of ends. This has led to some difficulty interpreting Buridan’s view. In this article, I argue that one should not misunderstand Buridan’s terminology and think that he still retains some use or explanatory function for final causality in nature. To make this point, I look first at Buridan’s text, but then also at three thinkers who discuss Buridan’s view in detail: Albert of Saxony (d. 1390), Paul of Venice (d. 1429), and Luis Coronel (d. 1531). They all have a very clear idea of what Buridan’s view was and understand that it entails a rejection of final causality, but they also all preserve his distinctive terminology. Paul of Venice especially discusses and criticizes Buridan’s view in detail. Besides confirming my interpretation of the rejection of final causality, this study also shows that the view was extremely influential well into the sixteenth century and attributed to Buridan throughout two centuries.
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| 14. |
- Lagerlund, Henrik, 1970-
(författare)
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Divine Deception
- 2018
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Ingår i: Skepticism from Antiquity to the Present. - London : Bloomsbury Academic. - 9781472507716 ; , s. 222-231
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 18. |
- Lagerlund, Henrik
(författare)
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Food Ethics in the Middle Ages
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Oxford Handbook of Food Ethics. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780199372263 ; , s. 759-772
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter looks at what kind of foods medieval people ate and what impact on their habits religion had. It then looks closer at what they said about animals as food, but also looks at perhaps the most important aspect of medieval food ethics, namely, the moral aspect of eating itself. This is foremost governed by the virtue of fasting and the vice, or even deadly sin, of gluttony.
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| 19. |
- Lagerlund, Henrik, 1970-
(författare)
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Francisco Suarez
- 2018
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Ingår i: Great Christian Jurists in Spanish History. - New York : Cambridge University Press. - 9781108428071
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 25. |
- Lagerlund, Henrik, 1970-
(författare)
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Logic in the Latin Thirteenth Century
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Logic. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9781107656673 ; , s. 119-141
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Lagerlund, Henrik, 1970-
(författare)
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Medieval Scepticism
- 2022
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Ingår i: Theoria. - : Wiley. - 0040-5825 .- 1755-2567. ; 88:1, s. 8-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
- Lagerlund, Henrik, 1970-
(författare)
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Medieval Theories of the Syllogism
- 2016
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Ingår i: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. - 1095-5054.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 29. |
- Lagerlund, Henrik
(författare)
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Medieval Theories of the Syllogism
- 2004
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Ingår i: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ; Spring
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Forskningsöversikt (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 33. |
- Lagerlund, Henrik
(författare)
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Modal syllogistics in the Middle Ages
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis presents the first systematic study of the development of the theory of modal syllogistic during the Middle Ages. It traces the theory from the first commentators, after the rediscovery of Aristotle's Prior Analytics in the twelfth century, to the end of the Middle Ages in the fifteenth century.In Chapter 2, I examine Robert Kilwardby's and Albert the Great's commentaries. I argue that Kilwardby's interpretation is very influential in the thirteenth and early fourteenth century, and, furthermore, that Kilwardby's interpretation is influenced by the Arabic commentator Averroes (Ibn Rushd). The largely forgotten early fourteenth-century philosopher Richard of Campsall is studied in Chapter 3. He is the first to use the distinction between composite and divided modal propositions in the modal syllogistic. Influenced by Campsall, William of Ockham develops a more systematic account of the Aristotelian theory. In Chapter 4, I draw attention to numerous problems in Ockham's theory, particularly in his theory of the divided modal syllogistic. I also discuss whether the nominalist Ockham accepts the notion of merely possible beings.Chapter 5 contains a study of John Buridan's systematisation of the modal syllogistic. By simplifying Ockham's analysis of divided modal propositions, Buridan is able to give a systematic account of the modal syllogistic. The theory developed by Buridan is dominant throughout the entire Middle Ages.In Chapter 6, Pseudo-Scotus' contribution is discussed and largely re-evaluated. Chapter 7 treats Buridan's two students Albert of Saxony and Marsilius of Inghen. The last chapter is devoted to the study of Martin Luther's teacher, Jodocus Trutfetter.
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| 40. |
- Lagerlund, Henrik, 1970-
(författare)
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Skepticism
- 2022
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 44. |
- Lagerlund, Henrik, 1970-
(författare)
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The Systematization of the Passions in the Thirteenth Century
- 2017
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Ingår i: Philosophy of Mind in the Early and High Middle Ages. - New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: The history of the philosophy of mind ; Volume 2 : Routledge. - 9781138243934 ; , s. 157-177
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Lagerlund, Henrik
(författare)
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Willing Evil : Two Sixteenth-Century Views of Free Will and Their Background
- 2020
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Ingår i: American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly. - : Philosophy Documentation Center. - 1051-3558 .- 2153-8441. ; 94:2, s. 305-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, I present two virtually unknown sixteenth-century views of human freedom, that is, the views of Bartolomaeus de Usingen (1465–1532) and Jodocus Trutfetter (1460–1519) on the one hand and John Mair (1470–1550) on the other. Their views serve as a natural context and partial background to the more famous debate on human freedom between Martin Luther (1483–1556) and Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466–1536) from 1524–1526. Usingen and Trutfetter were Luther’s philosophy teachers in Erfurt. In a passage from Book III of John Mair’s commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics from 1530, he seems to defend a view of human freedom by which we can will evil for the sake of evil. Very few thinkers in the history of philosophy have defended such a view. The most famous medieval thinker to do so is William Ockham (1288–1347). To illustrate how radical this view is, I place him in the historical context of such thinkers as Plato, Augustine, Buridan, and Descartes.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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Reconsidering Causal Powers : Historical and Conceptual Perspectives
- 2021
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Causal powers are returning to the forefront of realist philosophy of science to fill explanatory gaps seen to be left by reductivist and eliminativist accounts of previous generations. This volume revisits the fortunes of causal powers as scientific explanatory principles across history to foster deeper discussions about their metaphysical natures.
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