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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 10. |
- Clark, Andrew G., et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 450:7167, s. 203-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
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| 13. |
- Tiegs, Scott D., et al.
(författare)
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Global patterns and drivers of ecosystem functioning in rivers and riparian zones
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - Washington : American Association of Advancement in Science. - 2375-2548. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth's biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented "next-generation biomonitoring" by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Lago, M., et al.
(författare)
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Introducing the H2020 AQUACROSS project : Knowledge, Assessment, and Management for AQUAtic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services aCROSS EU policies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 652, s. 320-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The AQUACROSS project was an unprecedented effort to unify policy concepts, knowledge, and management of freshwater, coastal, and marine ecosystems to support the cost-effective achievement of the targets set by the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020. AQUACROSS aimed to support EU efforts to enhance the resilience and stop the loss of biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems as well as to ensure the ongoing and future provision of aquatic ecosystem services. The project focused on advancing the knowledge base and application of Ecosystem-Based Management. Through elaboration of eight diverse case studies in freshwater and marine and estuarine aquatic ecosystem across Europe covering a range of environmental management problems including, eutrophication, sustainable fisheries as well as invasive alien species AQUACROSS demonstrated the application of a common framework to establish cost-effective measures and integrated Ecosystem-Based Management practices. AQUACROSS analysed the EU policy framework (i.e. goals, concepts, time frames) for aquatic ecosystems and built on knowledge stemming from different sources (i.e. WISE, BISE, Member State reporting within different policy processes, modelling) to develop innovative management tools, concepts, and business models (i.e. indicators, maps, ecosystem assessments, participatory approaches, mechanisms for promoting the delivery of ecosystem services) for aquatic ecosystems at various scales of space and time and relevant to different ecosystem types.
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| 19. |
- ODonnell, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Registered Replication Report: Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Perspectives on Psychological Science. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 1745-6916 .- 1745-6924. ; 13:2, s. 268-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998) reported that participants primed with a category associated with intelligence (professor) subsequently performed 13% better on a trivia test than participants primed with a category associated with a lack of intelligence (soccer hooligans). In two unpublished replications of this study designed to verify the appropriate testing procedures, Dijksterhuis, van Knippenberg, and Holland observed a smaller difference between conditions (2%-3%) as well as a gender difference: Men showed the effect (9.3% and 7.6%), but women did not (0.3% and -0.3%). The procedure used in those replications served as the basis for this multilab Registered Replication Report. A total of 40 laboratories collected data for this project, and 23 of these laboratories met all inclusion criteria. Here we report the meta-analytic results for those 23 direct replications (total N = 4,493), which tested whether performance on a 30-item general-knowledge trivia task differed between these two priming conditions (results of supplementary analyses of the data from all 40 labs, N = 6,454, are also reported). We observed no overall difference in trivia performance between participants primed with the professor category and those primed with the hooligan category (0.14%) and no moderation by gender.
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| 20. |
- Cabaleiro-Lago, Celia, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of IAPP and IAPP(20-29) fibrillation by polymeric nanoparticles
- 2010
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : The American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 26:5, s. 3453-3461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fibrillation process of the islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and its fragment (IAPP(20-29)) was studied by means of Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy in the absence and presence of N-isopropylacrylamide:N-tert-butylacrylamide (NiPAM:BAM) copolymeric nanoparticles. The process was found to be strongly affected by the presence of the nanoparticles, which retard protein fibrillation as a function of the chemical surface properties of the nanoparticles. The NiPAM:BAM ratio was varied from 50:50 to 100:0. The nanoparticles with higher fraction of NiPAM imposed the strongest retardation of IAPP and IAPP(20-29) fibrillation. These particles have the strongest hydrogen bonding capacity due to the less bulky N-isopropyl group and thus less steric hindrance of the hydrogen-bonding groups of the nanoparticle polymer backbone. Kinetic fibrillation data, as monitored by ThT fluorescence and supported by surface plasmon resonance experiments, suggest that the peptide is strongly absorbed onto the surface of the nanoparticles. This interaction reduces the concentration of peptide free in solution available to proceed to fibrillation which results in an increased lag time of fibrillation, observed as a delayed onset of ThT fluorescence increase, plus a reduction of the amount of fibrils formed as indicated by the equilibrium values at the end of the fibrillation reaction. For the fragment (IAPP(20-29)), the presence of nanoparticles changes the mechanism of association from monomers to fibrils, by interfering with early oligomeric species along the fibrillation pathway.
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| 21. |
- Carbajal, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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Pain Assessment in Ventilated and Non-Ventilated Neonates in NICUs across Europe : EUROpean Pain Audit in Neonates (EUROPAIN Survey)
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neonates undergo many painful procedures during their NICU stay. These may include tracheal intubation/ventilation, skin-breaking procedures, drainage/suctioning of body orifices or cavities. Inherent subjectivity and difficulties of neonatal pain assessment contribute to a wide variety of assessment tools and clinical practices. To date, these practices have been not studied at a large scale. OBJECTIVE: To determine current clinical practices for neonatal pain assessment in NICUs across Europe. DESIGN/METHODS: An epidemiological observational study on bedside pain assessment practices collected data for all neonates in participating NICUs until infants left the unit (discharge, death, transfer to another hospital) or for 28 days. Data collection occurred via an online database for 1 month at each NICU. All neonates up to a gestational age of 44 weeks were included. RESULTS: From October 2012 to June 2013, 243 NICUs from 18 European countries collected pain assessment data in 6680 neonates. Of these, 2142 received tracheal ventilation (ventilated) and 4538 had spontaneous breathing or non- invasive ventilation (non-ventilated). The median (IQR) gestational age of ventilated neonates [32.1 (28.1-37.4)] was less than non-ventilated neonates [36.6 (33.6-39.1), p<0.001]. Overall, 58.5% of ventilated neonates and 35.2%% of non-ventilated neonates received bedside pain assessments (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Over half (58.5%) of ventilated neonates and about one third (35.2%) of non-ventilated neonates had pain assessments performed in European NICUs. Wide variations in the methods used and rates of pain assessment exist among countries
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| 22. |
- Carbajal, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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Pain Assessment In Ventilated And Non-ventilated Neonates In Nicus Across Europe : European Pain Audit In Neonates (europain Survey)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Archives of Disease in Childhood. - London, United Kingdom : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-9888 .- 1468-2044. ; 99, s. A68-A68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neonates undergo many painful procedures during their NICU stay. These may include tracheal intubation/ventilation, skin-breaking procedures, drainage/suctioning of body orifices or cavities. Inherent subjectivity and difficulties of neonatal pain assessment contribute to a wide variety of assessment tools and clinical practices. To date, these practices have been not studied at a large scale.Objective: To determine current clinical practices for neonatal pain assessment in NICUs across Europe.Methods: An epidemiological observational study on bedside pain assessment practices collected data for all neonates in participating NICUs until infants left the unit (discharge, death, transfer to another hospital) or for 28 days. Data collection occurred via an online database for 1 month at each NICU. All neonates up to a gestational age of 44 weeks were included.Results: From October 2012 to June 2013, 243 NICUs from 18 European countries collected pain assessment data in 6680 neonates. Of these, 2142 received tracheal ventilation (TV), 1496 non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and 3042 only spontaneous ventilation (SV). The median (IQR) gestational age of TV, NIV and SV neonates were 32.1 (28.1–37.4), 33.6 (31.0–36.6) and 37.9 (35.0–39.9), respectively (p < 0.001). Overall, 58.5% of TV neonates, 45.0% of NIV neonates and 30.4% of SV neonates received bedside pain assessments (p < 0.001). Fig. shows pain assessments by country.Conclusions: Over half (58.5%) of TV neonates and less than half (45.0%) of NIV neonates had pain assessments performed in European NICUs. Wide variations in the rates of pain assessment exist among countries and an important improvement seems necessary.
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| 23. |
- Carbajal, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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Sedation And Analgesia For Neonates In Nicus Across Europe : The Europain Survey
- 2014
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Ingår i: Archives of Disease in Childhood. - London, United Kingdom : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-9888 .- 1468-2044. ; 99, s. A64-A64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pain and stress induced by mechanical ventilation, invasive procedures, or painful diseases supports the use of sedation/analgesia (S/A) in newborns admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). To date, these practices have not been studied at a large scale.Objective: To determine current clinical practices regarding the use of S/A drugs in NICUs across Europe.Methods: This epidemiological observational study on bedside clinical practices regarding S/A collected data for all neonates in participating NICUs until the infant left the unit (discharge, death, transfer) or for up to 28 days. Data collection occurred via an online database for 1 month at each NICU. All neonates up to 44 weeks gestation were included.Results: From October 2012 to June 2013, 243 NICUs from 18 European countries collected data on 6680 eligible neonates. Of these, 2142 received tracheal ventilation (TV), 1496 non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and 3042 only spontaneous ventilation (SV). The median (IQR) gestational age of TV, NIV and SV neonates were 32.1 (28.1–37.4), 33.6 (31.0–36.6) and 37.9 (35.0–39.9), respectively (p < 0.001). Overall, more TV neonates [81.5% (n = 1746)] received S/A drugs than NIV neonates [17.8% (n = 266)] and SV neonates [9.3% (n = 282)]; p < 0.001. Fig. shows the rate of S/A use by country; table shows S/A drugs used.Conclusions: Most ventilated but few non-ventilated neonates (NIV and SV) receive S/A therapy in European NICUs. Wide variations in S/A use, drugs used, and mode of administration (continuous, bolus, or both) exist among countries.
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| 24. |
- Cuenca-Cambronero, M., et al.
(författare)
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Challenges and opportunities in the use of ponds and pondscapes as Nature-based Solutions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Hydrobiologia. - : Springer Nature. - 0018-8158 .- 1573-5117. ; 850:15, s. 3257-3271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ponds and "pondscapes" (networks of ponds) are crucial habitats for biodiversity and for delivering multiple benefits to humans, so-called "Nature's Contribution to People", such as climate mitigation and adaptation to climate change, creation, and maintenance of habitat for biodiversity, water purification, flood mitigation and cultural benefits (e.g., recreational possibilities). However, ponds are not often considered as Nature-based Solutions to provide all these benefits. In addition, there is insufficient knowledge on how to manage and restore ponds to maximise their role to increase the resilience of ecosystems and society to climate change. To facilitate improved implementation of ponds as Nature-based Solutions for the delivery of a wide range of Nature Contributions to People, it is important to generate and integrate biodiversity, ecosystems, societal, economic and policy knowledge. Hence, there is a need for evidence-based guidance to support the broader use of ponds. Here, we review the role of ponds and pondscapes in delivering Nature's Contributions to People and provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities for their broader implementation as Nature-based Solutions. Finally, we propose a conceptual framework that can help the implementation of pond Nature-based Solutions, and that outlines future research needs.
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| 25. |
- Lynch, Iseult, et al.
(författare)
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The nanoparticle - protein complex as a biological entity; a complex fluids and surface science challenge for the 21st century
- 2007
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Ingår i: Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. - Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Chem & Chem Biol, Dublin, Ireland. Conway Inst Biomed & Biomol Res, Dublin, Ireland. Lund Univ, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. : ELSEVIER. - 0001-8686 .- 1873-3727. ; 134-35, s. 167-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major aim of our current work is to develop a deep understanding of biological effects of nanoparticles and how these effects are mediated by proteins that are adsorbed on the nanoparticles under different biological circumstances. Due to their small size, nanoparticles have distinct properties compared to the bulk form of the same materials, and these properties are rapidly revolutionizing many areas of medicine and technology. However, relatively little is known about the interaction of nanoscale objects with biological systems, as this requires quite different concepts from more established nanoscience. Thus, we have argued that in a biological fluid, proteins associate with nanoparticles, and it is the amount and presentation of the proteins on the surface rather than the particles themselves that are the cause of numerous biological responses. It is this outer layer of proteins that is seen by the biological cells, and leads to their responses. We are developing novel techniques to identify and quantify the proteins that are consistently associated with nanoparticles, as a function of the nanoparticle size, shape, and surface properties, and to correlate the adsorbed protein identities with their association and dissociation rates to and from the nanoparticles. We also seek to understand the degree of conformational change that they undergo upon adsorption to the nanoparticles. In essence, we wish to create "epitope maps" of the protein corona that surrounds nanoparticles in biological solutions, as it is the particle-protein complex that is the biologically active entity. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 26. |
- Marchenko, T., et al.
(författare)
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Potential Energy Surface Reconstruction and Lifetime Determination of Molecular Double-Core-Hole States in the Hard X-Ray Regime
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 119:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A combination of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering and resonant Auger spectroscopy provides complementary information on the dynamic response of resonantly excited molecules. This is exemplified for CH3I, for which we reconstruct the potential energy surface of the dissociative I 3d(-2) double-core-hole state and determine its lifetime. The proposed method holds a strong potential for monitoring the hard x-ray induced electron and nuclear dynamic response of core-excited molecules containing heavy elements, where ab initio calculations of potential energy surfaces and lifetimes remain challenging.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Assarsson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Kinetic and thermodynamic study of the interactions between human carbonic anhydrase variants and polystyrene nanoparticles of different size
- 2016
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 6:42, s. 35868-35874
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The activity and adsorption of three variants of human carbonic anhydrase (HCA) with similar topology but variation in charge and stability were studied in the presence of carboxyl-modified polystyrene nanoparticles of different sizes ranging from 25 nm to 114 nm. The balance of forces driving the adsorption of carbonic anhydrase variants is affected by the physicochemical properties of the protein and the nanoparticle size. All enzymes are totally inhibited upon adsorption due to the transition towards a molten globule like state that lacks enzymatic activity. The size of the particle affects the adsorption of human carbonic anhydrase I and N-terminal truncated human carbonic anhydrase II. Investigations on pH effects indicate that the size of the particle modulates the lateral interactions at the protein layer for these particular variants whose adsorption is mainly driven by electrostatic forces. A third variant, human carbonic anhydrase II, instead shows no strong influence of nanoparticle size which supports an adsorption process mainly driven by the hydrophobic effect.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Bowen, K. P., et al.
(författare)
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Partial-ion-yield studies of SOCl 2 following x-ray absorption around the S and Cl K edges
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 137:20, s. 204313-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a series of photoabsorption and partial-ion-yield experiments on thionyl chloride, SOCl2, at both the sulfur and chlorine K edges. The photoabsorption results exhibit better resolution than previously published data, leading to alternate spectral assignments for some of the features, particularly in the Rydberg-series region. Based on measured fragmentation patterns, we suggest the LUMO, of a' character, is delocalized over the entire molecular skeleton. Unusual behavior of the S2+ fragment hints at a relatively localized bond rupture (the S-O bond below the S K edge and the S-Cl bonds below the Cl K edge) following excitation to some of the higher lying intermediate states.
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| 31. |
- Cabaleiro-Lago, Celia, et al.
(författare)
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Dual Effect of Amino Modified Polystyrene Nanoparticles on Amyloid beta Protein Fibrillation
- 2010
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Ingår i: ACS Chemical Neuroscience. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7193. ; 1:4, s. 279-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fibrillation kinetics of the amyloid beta peptide is analyzed in presence of cationic polystyrene nanoparticles of different size. The results highlight the importance of the ratio between the peptide and particle concentration. Depending on the specific ratio, the kinetic effects vary from acceleration of the fibrillation process by reducing the lag phase at low particle surface area in solution to inhibition of the fibrillation process at high particle surface area. The kinetic behavior can be explained if we assume a balance between two different pathways: first fibrillation of free monomer in solution and second nucleation and fibrillation promoted at the particle surface. The overall rate of fibrillation will depend on the interplay between these two pathways, and the predominance of one mechanism over the other will be determined by the relative equilibrium and rate constants.
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| 32. |
- Cabaleiro-Lago, Celia, et al.
(författare)
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Dual effect of amino modified polystyrene nanoparticles on amyloid β protein fibrillation
- 2010
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Ingår i: ACS Chemical Neuroscience. - 1948-7193 .- 1948-7193. ; 1:4, s. 279-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fibrillation kinetics of the amyloid β peptide is analyzed in presence of cationic polystyrene nanoparticles of different size. The results highlight the importance of the ratio between the peptide and particle concentration. Depending on the specific ratio, the kinetic effects vary from acceleration of the fibrillation process by reducing the lag phase at low particle surface area in solution to inhibition of the fibrillation process at high particle surface area. The kinetic behavior can be explained if we assume a balance between two different pathways: first fibrillation of free monomer in solution and second nucleation and fibrillation promoted at the particle surface. The overall rate of fibrillation will depend on the interplay between these two pathways, and the predominance of one mechanism over the other will be determined by the relative equilibrium and rate constants.
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| 33. |
- Cabaleiro-Lago, Celia, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of Amyloid beta Protein Fibrillation by Polymeric Nanoparticles
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5126 .- 0002-7863. ; 130:46, s. 15437-15443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Copolymeric NiPAM:BAM nanoparticles of varying hydrophobicity were found to retard fibrillation of the Alzheimer's disease-associated amyloid beta protein (A beta). We found that these nanoparticles affect mainly the nucleation step of A beta fibrillation. The elongation step is largely unaffected by the particles, and once the M is nucleated, the fibrillation process occurs with the same rate as in the absence of nanoparticles. The extension of the lag phase for fibrillation of A beta is strongly dependent on both the amount and surface character of the nanoparticles. Surface plasmon resonance studies show that A beta binds to the nanoparticles and provide rate and equilibrium constants for the interaction. Numerical analysis of the kinetic data for fibrillation suggests that binding of monomeric A beta and prefibrillar oligomers to the nanoparticles prevents fibrillation. Moreover, we find that fibrillation of A beta initiated in the absence of nanoparticles can be reversed by addition of nanoparticles up to a particular time point before mature fibrils appear.
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| 34. |
- Cabaleiro-Lago, C., et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of IAPP and IAPP((20-29)) Fibrillation by Polymeric Nanoparticles
- 2010
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 26:5, s. 3453-3461
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fibrillation process of the islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and its fragment (IAPP((20-29))) was studied by means of Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy in the absence and presence of N-isopropylacrylamide:N-tert-butylacrylamide (NiPAM:BAM) copolymeric nanoparticles. The process was found to be strongly affected by the presence of the nanoparticles, which retard protein fibrillation its a function of the chemical surface properties of the nanoparticles. The NiPAM:BAM ratio was varied front 50:50 to 100:0, The nanoparticles with higher fraction of NiPAM imposed the strongest retardation of IAPP and IAPP((20-29)) fibrillation. These particles have the strongest hydrogen bonding capacity due to the less bulky N-isopropyl group and thus less steric hindrance of the hydrogen-bonding groups of the nanoparticle polymer backbone. Kinetic fibrillation data, as monitored by ThT fluorescence and supported by surface plasmon resonance experiments, suggest that the peptide is strongly absorbed onto the surface of the nanoparticles. This interaction reduces the concentration of peptide free in solution available to proceed to fibrillation which results in an increased lag time of fibrillation, observed its it delayed onset of ThT fluorescence increase, plus it reduction of the amount of fibrils formed its indicated by the equilibrium values at the end of the fibrillation reaction. For the fragment (IAPP((20-29))) the presence of nanoparticles changes the mechanism of association from monomers to fibrils, by interfering with early oligomeric species along the fibrillation pathway.
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| 35. |
- Carbajal, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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Pain Assessment in Ventilated and Non-Ventilated Neonates in NICUS across Europe : Results from the EUROPAIN Study
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim of Investigation: Pain from invasive or noninvasive procedures, mechanical ventilation, or painful medical and surgical conditions is commonplace in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). While prevention and treatment of neonatal pain seem essential, an adequate analgesic approach cannot be implemented without relevant and timely pain assessments. Data on neonatal pain assessment practices are scarce, with undefined best practices or clinical benefits. We aimed to describe pain assessment practices in 243 NICUs from 18 European countries and to examine the NICU and patient characteristics influencing pain assessments at the bedside.Methods: Demographic data, modes of respiration, use of sedation, analgesia, or neuromuscular blockers, frequency and types of pain assessments were recorded for all newborns during the first 28 days of NICU admission. Multivariable models tested the associations between the performance of pain assessments and center and neonatal factors.Results: Among 6648 neonates enrolled, highest level of ventilation during the study period classified patients into tracheal ventilation (TV, n=2138 [32%]), non-invasive ventilation (NIV, n=1493 [23%]), and spontaneous ventilation groups (SV, n=3017 [45%]). Pain assessments were performed in 1250 (58%), 672 (45%), and 916 (30%) of these groups respectively (p<0.001). Using data from 78,742 patient-days, we found that 2,838 (43%) neonates received 4.3 (5.2) pain assessments per neonate and per day (median (IQR): 2.4 (1-5)), whereas 3810 (57%) neonates did not receive any pain assessments. Pain assessments occurred on every day of the NICU stay in 461/2138 (22%) TV patients, 236/1493 (16%) NIV patients, and 393/3016 (13%) SV patients (p<0.001).Many different pain assessment methods were used; the EDIN scale was used most frequently (42.3% among those who had at least one pain assessment). We analysed 33,625 patient-days in the TV group to test for associations between pain assessment and the use of opioids, sedatives-hypnotics, or general anaesthetics (O-SH-GA). The rates of pain assessments on patient-days with and without O-SH-GA use were, respectively, 57% vs. 43% while receiving mechanical ventilation, and 60% vs. 34% while not receiving mechanical ventilation (both p<0.001). Multivariable analyses showed that NICU-based guidelines, nursing leadership, and increased surgical admissions promoted the use of routine pain assessments (p<0.001). More pain assessments were performed in newborns below 32-weeks gestational age, those with decreased severity of illness, those already intubated at admission, those requiring mechanical or non-invasive ventilation, or surgery, or use of O-SH-GA.Conclusion: Even though pain is considered the 5th vital sign, only 43% of NICU neonates received bedside pain assessments. Clinical practice variability and low rates of pain assessments in NICUS may reflect weaknesses in the current paradigm used for neonatal pain assessments, their subjectivity, lack of inter-rater reliability, and other long-standing concerns. Results suggest that training to improve the rate of pain assessment in NICUs will enhance pain management in NICUs.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT01694745
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| 36. |
- Cardoso, F., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of male breast cancer : Results of the EORTC 10085/TBCRC/BIG/NABCG International Male Breast Cancer Program
- 2018
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-8041 .- 0923-7534. ; 29:2, s. 405-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Male breast cancer (BC) is rare, managed by extrapolation from female BC. The International Male BC Program aims to better characterize and manage this disease. We report the results of part I, a retrospective joint analysis of cases diagnosed during a 20-year period. Methods: Patients with follow-up and tumor samples, treated between 1990 and 2010, in 93 centers/9 countries. Samples were centrally analyzed in three laboratories (the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and the United States). Results: Of 1822 patients enrolled, 1483 were analyzed; 63.5% were diagnosed between 2001 and 2010, 57 (5.1%) had metastatic disease (M1). Median age at diagnosis: 68.4 years. Of 1054 M0 cases, 56.2% were node-negative (N0) and 48.5% had T1 tumors; 4% had breast conserving surgery (BCS), 18% sentinel lymph-node biopsy; half received adjuvant radiotherapy; 29.8% (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and 76.8% adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET), mostly tamoxifen (88.4%). Per central pathology, for M0 tumors: 84.8% ductal invasive carcinomas, 51.5% grade 2; 99.3% estrogen receptor (ER)-positive; 81.9% progesterone receptor (PR)-positive; 96.9% androgen receptor (AR)-positive [ER, PR or AR Allred score ≥ 3]; 61.1% Ki67 expression low (<14% positive cells); using immunohistochemistry (IHC) surrogates, 41.9% were Luminal-A-like, 48.6% Luminal-B-like/HER-2-negative, 8.7% HER-2-positive, 0.3% triple negative. Median follow-up: 8.2 years (0.0-23.8) for all, 7.2 years (0.0-23.2), for M0, 2.6 years (0.0-12.7) for M1 patients. A significant improvement over time was observed in age-corrected BC mortality. BC-specific-mortality was higher for men younger than 50 years. Better overall (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were observed for highly ER+(P=0.001), highly PR+(P=0.002), highly AR+ disease (P=0.019). There was no association between OS/RFS and HER-2 status, Ki67, IHC subtypes nor grade. Conclusions: Male BC is usually ER, PR and AR-positive, Luminal B-like/HER2-negative. Of note, 56% patients had T1 tumors but only 4% had BCS. ER was highly positive in > 90% of cases but only 77% received adjuvant ET. ER, PR and AR were associated with OS and RFS, whereas grade, Ki67 and IHC surrogates were not. Significant improvement in survival over time was observed.
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| 37. |
- Feifel, Raimund, et al.
(författare)
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Cationic double K-hole pre-edge states of CS2 and SF6
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent advances in X-ray instrumentation have made it possible to measure the spectra of an essentially unexplored class of electronic states associated with double inner-shell vacancies. Using the technique of single electron spectroscopy, spectra of states in CS2 and SF6 with a double hole in the K-shell and one electron exited to a normally unoccupied orbital have been obtained. The spectra are interpreted with the aid of a high-level theoretical model giving excellent agreement with the experiment. The results shed new light on the important distinction between direct and conjugate shake-up in a molecular context. In particular, systematic similarities and di erences between pre-edge states near single core holes investigated in X-ray absorption spectra and the corresponding states near double core holes studied here are brought out.
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| 38. |
- Goldsztejn, G., et al.
(författare)
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Double-Core-Hole States in Neon: Lifetime, Post-Collision Interaction, and Spectral Assignment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 117:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using synchrotron radiation and high-resolution electron spectroscopy, we have directly observed and identified specific photoelectrons from K-2V states in neon corresponding to simultaneous 1s ionization and 1s -> valence excitation. The natural lifetime broadening of the K-2V states and the relative intensities of different types of shakeup channels have been determined experimentally and compared to ab initio calculations. Moreover, the high-energy Auger spectrum resulting from the decay of Ne2+K-2 and Ne+K-2V states as well as from participator Auger decay from Ne+K-1L-1V states, has been measured and assigned in detail utilizing the characteristic differences in lifetime broadenings of these core hole states. Furthermore, post collision interaction broadening of Auger peaks is clearly observed only in the hypersatellite spectrum from K-2 states, due to the energy sharing between the two 1s photoelectrons which favors the emission of one slow and one fast electron.
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| 39. |
- Goldsztejn, G., 2017, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental and theoretical study of the double-core-hole hypersatellite Auger spectrum of Ne
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review A. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9926 .- 2469-9934. ; 96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the hypersatellite Auger spectrum of neon which contains the decay transitions of the K−2, K−2V, K−2L−1, K−2L−1V, and K−1L−1V states. The Auger decays of these types of core-hole states show different line shapes and linewidths which can be distinguished due to the high experimental resolution available for the present experiments. The individual Auger transitions are assigned based on various approaches. Complementary calculations are performed to assign the K−2L−1 → K−1L−3 and the K−2L−1V → K−1L−3V Auger transitions. Based on the obtained results we were able to derive the ratio for the double to single ionization yield.
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| 40. |
- Hall, CL, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating a therapist-guided, parent-assisted remote digital behavioural intervention for tics in children and adolescents-'Online Remote Behavioural Intervention for Tics' (ORBIT) trial: protocol of an internal pilot study and single-blind randomised controlled trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9:1, s. e027583-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder are common, disabling childhood-onset conditions. Guidelines recommend that behavioural therapy should be offered as first-line treatment for children with tics. However, there are very few trained behaviour therapists for tics and many patients cannot access appropriate care. This trial investigates whether an internet-delivered intervention for tics can reduce severity of symptoms.Methods and analysisThis parallel-group, single-blind, randomised controlled superiority trial with an internal pilot will recruit children and young people (aged 9–17 years) with tic disorders. Participants will be randomised to receive 10 weeks of either online, remotely delivered, therapist-supported exposure response prevention behavioural therapy for tics, or online, remotely delivered, therapist-supported education about tics and co-occurring conditions. Participants will be followed up mid-treatment, and 3, 6, 12 and 18 months post randomisation.The primary outcome is reduction in tic severity as measured on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale total tic severity score. Secondary outcomes include a cost-effectiveness analysis and estimate of the longer-term impact on patient outcomes and healthcare services. An integrated process evaluation will analyse quantitative and qualitative data in order to fully explore the implementation of the intervention and identify barriers and facilitators to implementation. The trial is funded by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Health Technology Assessment (16/19/02).Ethics and disseminationThe findings from the study will inform clinicians, healthcare providers and policy makers about the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an internet delivered treatment for children and young people with tics. The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. The study has received ethical approval from North West Greater Manchester Research Ethics Committee (ref.: 18/NW/0079).Trial registration numbersISRCTN70758207andNCT03483493; Pre-results.
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| 41. |
- Kushawaha, R. K., et al.
(författare)
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Auger resonant-Raman decay after Xe L-edge photoexcitation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 92:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated resonant Auger decay of xenon following photoexcitation of each of the three L edges under resonant-Raman conditions, which allowed us to characterize several higher Rydberg transitions. Relative intensities for spectator final states reached after L-1-, L-2-, and L-3-edge excitations are studied in detail. Thanks to state-of-the-art experimental arrangements, our results not only reproduce the previously calculated 3d(-2)5d and nd (n > 5) state cross sections after L-3 excitation, but also allow extracting the 3d(-2)6d spectator state energy position and revealing its resonant behavior, blurred by the insufficient experimental resolution in previous data sets. The 3d(-2)6p and 3d(-2)7p states reached after L-1 excitation as well as the 3d(-2)5d and 3d(-2)6d states reached after L-2 excitation are also investigated and their relative intensities are reported and compared to ab initio Dirac-Hartree-Fock configuration-interaction calculations. We found the signature of electronic-state-lifetime interference effects between several coherently excited intermediate states, due to large lifetime broadening. Electron recapture processes are also identified above all three photoionization thresholds.
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| 42. |
- Lago, L., et al.
(författare)
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Specialty fibres and components for advanced microscopy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Specialty Optical Fibers, SOF 2014. - 9781557528209
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate fibre basic functions like SHG and pulse gating. We achieved 5.2% conversion efficiency into green light with 50 W peak pump power and demonstrated in-fibre pulse gating at 1 MHz repetition rate. © 2014 OSA.
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| 43. |
- Lago, P., et al.
(författare)
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Framing Sustainability as a Property of Software Quality
- 2015
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Ingår i: Communications of the ACM. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 0001-0782 .- 1557-7317. ; 58:10, s. 70-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sustainability analysis framework enables software developers to specifically consider environmental and social dimensions relative to technical and economic dimensions. The framework helps draw a more comprehensive picture of the relevant quality dimensions and, as a result, improve decision making. Sustainability is achievable only when accounting for all dimensions. Connections among the four dimensions involve different dependencies and stakeholders. The framework aims to capture the relevant qualities that characterize sustainability concerns of software systems, helping identify how these qualities influence each other with respect to the different aspects of sustainability. Moreover, interdependent quality requirements may influence one another, as in association/association-class influences among sustainability quality requirements. Integrating our four-dimensional sustainability analysis framework into the engineering processes of long-lived industrial systems provides valuable support to managers and engineers trying to satisfy not only economic and technical but also environmental and social sustainability requirements. The influences among the sustainability quality requirements must be determined by developers and/or stakeholders, as the framework can provide only the means for linking them but not the analysis itself. Constraints and parameters must be chosen by the developers, as it is not possible to list them in a way that is generic enough to be applicable in all circumstances and at the same time specific enough to be useful.
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| 44. |
- Lago, P., et al.
(författare)
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The Road Ahead for Architectural Languages
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE Software. - 0740-7459. ; 32:1, s. 98-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the huge number of architectural languages that have been proposed in the last two decades, evidence today shows that industry-ready, well-accepted, and recognized languages for producing architecture descriptions are still lacking. This article explores the usability requirements of architectural languages from the perspectives of language definition, language mechanisms, and tool support. With a better understanding of architectural-language requirements, the authors explore the use of model-driven engineering to realize next-generation architectural languages, as well as its limitations.
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| 45. |
- Lear, PV, et al.
(författare)
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Des-acyl ghrelin has specific binding sites and different metabolic effects from ghrelin in cardiomyocytes
- 2010
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Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7170 .- 0013-7227. ; 151:7, s. 3286-3298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study aimed to compare the effects of the peptide hormone ghrelin and des-G, its unacylated isoform, on glucose and fatty acid uptake and to identify des-G-specific binding sites in cardiomyocytes. In the murine HL-1 adult cardiomyocyte line, ghrelin and des-G had opposing metabolic effects: des-G increased medium-chain fatty acid uptake (BODIPY fluorescence intensity), whereas neither ghrelin alone nor in combination with des-G did so. Ghrelin inhibited the increase in glucose uptake normally induced by insulin (rate of 2-[3H]deoxy-d-glucose incorporation), but des-G did not; des-G was also able to partially reverse the inhibitory effect of ghrelin. In HL-1 cells and primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, des-G but not ghrelin increased insulin-induced translocation of glucose transporter-4 from nuclear to cytoplasmic compartments (immunohistochemistry and quantitative confocal analysis). AKT was phosphorylated by insulin but not affected by ghrelin or des-G, whereas neither AMP-activated protein kinase nor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 was phosphorylated by any treatments. HL-1 and primary-cultured mouse and rat cardiomyocytes each possessed two independent specific binding sites for des-G not recognized by ghrelin (radioreceptor assays). Neither ghrelin nor des-G affected viability (dimethylthiazol diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays), whereas both isoforms were equally protective against apoptosis. Therefore, in cardiomyocytes, des-G binds to specific receptors and has effects on glucose and medium-chain fatty acid uptake that are distinct from those of ghrelin. Real-time PCR indicated that expression levels of ghrelin O-acyltransferase RNA were comparable between HL-1 cells, human myocardial tissue, and human and murine stomach tissue, indicating the possibility of des-G conversion to ghrelin within our model.
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| 46. |
- Linse, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Nucleation of protein fibrillation by nanoparticles
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 104:21, s. 8691-8696
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanoparticles present enormous surface areas and are found to enhance the rate of protein fibrillation by decreasing the lag time for nucleation. Protein fibrillation is involved in many human diseases, including Alzheimer's, Creutzfeld-Jacob disease, and dialysis-related amyloidosis. Fibril formation occurs by nucleation-dependent kinetics, wherein formation of a critical nucleus is the key rate-determining step, after which fibrillation proceeds rapidly. We show that nanoparticles (copolymer particles, cerium oxide particles, quantum dots, and carbon nanotubes) enhance the probability of appearance of a critical nucleus for nucleation of protein fibrils from human beta(2)-microglobulin. The observed shorter lag (nucleation) phase depends on the amount and nature of particle surface. There is an exchange of protein between solution and nanoparticle surface, and beta(2)-Microglobulin forms multiple layers on the particle surface, providing a locally increased protein concentration promoting oligomer formation. This and the shortened lag phase suggest a mechanism involving surf ace-assisted nucleation that may increase the risk for toxic cluster and amyloid formation. It also opens the door to new routes for the controlled self-assembly of proteins and peptides into novel nanomaterials.
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| 47. |
- Lynch, Iseult, et al.
(författare)
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The nanoparticle - protein complex as a biological entity; a complex fluids and surface science challenge for the 21st century
- 2007
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Ingår i: Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3727 .- 0001-8686. ; 134-135, s. 167-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major aim of our current work is to develop a deep understanding of biological effects of nanoparticles and how these effects are mediated by proteins that are adsorbed on the nanoparticles under different biological circumstances. Due to their small size, nanoparticles have distinct properties compared to the bulk form of the same materials, and these properties are rapidly revolutionizing many areas of medicine and technology. However, relatively little is known about the interaction of nanoscale objects with biological systems, as this requires quite different concepts from more established nanoscience. Thus, we have argued that in a biological fluid, proteins associate with nanoparticles, and it is the amount and presentation of the proteins on the surface rather than the particles themselves that are the cause of numerous biological responses. It is this outer layer of proteins that is seen by the biological cells, and leads to their responses. We are developing novel techniques to identify and quantify the proteins that are consistently associated with nanoparticles, as a function of the nanoparticle size, shape, and surface properties, and to correlate the adsorbed protein identities with their association and dissociation rates to and from the nanoparticles. We also seek to understand the degree of conformational change that they undergo upon adsorption to the nanoparticles. In essence, we wish to create "epitope maps" of the protein corona that surrounds nanoparticles in biological solutions, as it is the particle-protein complex that is the biologically active entity. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 48. |
- Martins, J. B., et al.
(författare)
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Electron delocalisation in conjugated sulfur heterocycles probed by resonant Auger spectroscopy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 24:14, s. 8477-8487
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a novel approach for an indirect probing of conjugation and hyperconjugation in core-excited molecules using resonant Auger spectroscopy. Our work demonstrates that the changes in the electronic structure of thiophene (C4H4S) and thiazole (C3H3NS), occurring in the process of resonant sulfur K-shell excitation and Auger decay, affect the stabilisation energy resulting from pi-conjugation and hyperconjugation. The variations in the stabilisation energy manifest themselves in the resonant S KL2,3L2,3 Auger spectra of thiophene and thiazole. The comparison of the results obtained for the conjugated molecules and for thiolane (C4H8S), the saturated analogue of thiophene, has been performed. The experimental observations are interpreted using high-level quantum-mechanical calculations and the natural bond orbital analysis.
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| 49. |
- Meinecke, AK, et al.
(författare)
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Aberrant mural cell recruitment to lymphatic vessels and impaired lymphatic drainage in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 119:24, s. 5931-5942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive disease with unknown etiology that is characterized by extensive remodeling of the lung parenchyma, ultimately resulting in respiratory failure. Lymphatic vessels have been implicated with the development of pulmonary fibrosis, but the role of the lymphatic vasculature in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis remains enigmatic. Here we show in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis that lymphatic vessels exhibit ectopic mural coverage and that this occurs early during the disease. The abnormal lymphatic vascular patterning in fibrotic lungs was driven by expression of platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) in lymphatic endothelial cells and signaling through platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)–β in associated mural cells. Because of impaired lymphatic drainage, aberrant mural cell coverage fostered the accumulation of fibrogenic molecules and the attraction of fibroblasts to the perilymphatic space. Pharmacologic inhibition of the PDGF-B/PDGFR-β signaling axis disrupted the association of mural cells and lymphatic vessels, improved lymphatic drainage of the lung, and prevented the attraction of fibroblasts to the perilymphatic space. Our results implicate aberrant mural cell recruitment to lymphatic vessels in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and that the drainage capacity of pulmonary lymphatics is a critical mediator of fibroproliferative changes.
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| 50. |
- Mkrtchian, S, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical Trauma in Mice Modifies the Content of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 12, s. 824696-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical interventions rapidly trigger a cascade of molecular, cellular, and neural signaling responses that ultimately reach remote organs, including the brain. Using a mouse model of orthopedic surgery, we have previously demonstrated hippocampal metabolic, structural, and functional changes associated with cognitive impairment. However, the nature of the underlying signals responsible for such periphery-to-brain communication remains hitherto elusive. Here we present the first exploratory study that tests the hypothesis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential mediators carrying information from the injured tissue to the distal organs including the brain. The primary goal was to investigate whether the cargo of circulating EVs after surgery can undergo quantitative changes that could potentially trigger phenotypic modifications in the target tissues. EVs were isolated from the serum of the mice subjected to a tibia surgery after 6, 24, and 72 h, and the proteome and miRNAome were investigated using mass spectrometry and RNA-seq approaches. We found substantial differential expression of proteins and miRNAs starting at 6 h post-surgery and peaking at 24 h. Interestingly, one of the up-regulated proteins at 24 h was α-synuclein, a pathogenic hallmark of certain neurodegenerative syndromes. Analysis of miRNA target mRNA and corresponding biological pathways indicate the potential of post-surgery EVs to modify the extracellular matrix of the recipient cells and regulate metabolic processes including fatty acid metabolism. We conclude that surgery alters the cargo of circulating EVs in the blood, and our results suggest EVs as potential systemic signal carriers mediating remote effects of surgery on the brain.
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