| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Ahlberg, Mats Steinholtz, 1979-
(författare)
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Surveillance and follow-up of early prostate cancer
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer was introduced to address overtreatment resulting from prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. Despite advancements such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and targeted biopsies, PSA remains crucial in prostate cancer diagnostics, leading to ongoing challenges of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. This thesis aimed to investigate different aspects of AS and follow-up of early prostate cancer and provide new insights to reduce overtreatment and enhance surveillance and follow-up. In Paper I, the rationale and methodology of a randomized controlled trial, the Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance Trigger trial/Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group study no. 17 (PCASTt/SPCG17), were outlined. This trial's objective is to evaluate the safety of an AS protocol based on MRI and standardized triggers for repeat biopsies and transition to radical treatment. Patient recruitment is anticipated to conclude in 2024. Paper II investigated the risks of biochemical recurrence, metastatic disease, and prostate cancer-related death in patients following radical prostatectomy. The analysis was conditioned on time after radical prostatectomy without biochemical recurrence. For patients with favourable histopathology in prostatectomy specimens and no biochemical recurrence five years post-prostatectomy, the probability of developing metastatic disease or dying from prostate cancer within 20 years after surgery was very low. This suggests shorter follow-up for selected patients. Paper III compared outcomes of AS for men from different healthcare regions in Sweden with varying traditions of AS. Regions with lower uptake in AS demonstrated a higher probability of transitioning from AS to radical treatment, but no difference in AS failure. The results suggest overtreatment in regions with low uptake in AS. Paper IV explored the associations between potential triggers for transitioning from AS to radical treatment and the transition to treatment. We analysed how this association changed with the introduction of prostate MRI. We found an increasingly strong association between triggers, particularly histopathological progression, and transition. However, most treated men had not experienced histopathological progression. The introduction of MRI did not contribute much to the change. In conclusion, this thesis outlines an ongoing study on defined triggers for transitioning from AS to radical treatment, suggests shorter follow-up after radical prostatectomy for selected patients, reveals overtreatment in regions with low uptake in AS, and shows an increasing use of histopathological progression as a trigger for transition to radical treatment.
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| 3. |
- Carlquist, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Physiological heterogeneities in microbial populations and implications for physical stress tolerance
- 2012
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Ingår i: Microbial Cell Factories. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2859. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Traditionally average values of the whole population are considered when analysing microbial cell cultivations. However, a typical microbial population in a bioreactor is heterogeneous in most phenotypes measurable at a single-cell level. There are indications that such heterogeneity may be unfavourable on the one hand (reduces yields and productivities), but also beneficial on the other hand (facilitates quick adaptation to new conditions - i.e. increases the robustness of the fermentation process). Understanding and control of microbial population heterogeneity is thus of major importance for improving microbial cell factory processes. Results: In this work, a dual reporter system was developed and applied to map growth and cell fitness heterogeneities within budding yeast populations during aerobic cultivation in well-mixed bioreactors. The reporter strain, which was based on the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the ribosomal protein RPL22a promoter, made it possible to distinguish cell growth phases by the level of fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, by exploiting the strong correlation of intracellular GFP level and cell membrane integrity it was possible to distinguish subpopulations with high and low cell membrane robustness and hence ability to withstand freeze-thaw stress. A strong inverse correlation between growth and cell membrane robustness was observed, which further supports the hypothesis that cellular resources are limited and need to be distributed as a trade-off between two functions: growth and robustness. In addition, the trade-off was shown to vary within the population, and the occurrence of two distinct subpopulations shifting between these two antagonistic modes of cell operation could be distinguished. Conclusions: The reporter strain enabled mapping of population heterogeneities in growth and cell membrane robustness towards freeze-thaw stress at different phases of cell cultivation. The described reporter system is a valuable tool for understanding the effect of environmental conditions on population heterogeneity of microbial cells and thereby to understand cell responses during industrial process-like conditions. It may be applied to identify more robust subpopulations, and for developing novel strategies for strain improvement and process design for more effective bioprocessing.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Fernandes, Rita Lencastre, et al.
(författare)
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Applying Mechanistic Models in Bioprocess Development
- 2013
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Ingår i: Advances in Biochemical Engineering, Biotechnology. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0724-6145. ; 132, s. 137-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The available knowledge on the mechanisms of a bioprocess system is central to process analytical technology. In this respect, mechanistic modeling has gained renewed attention, since a mechanistic model can provide an excellent summary of available process knowledge. Such a model therefore incorporates process-relevant input (critical process variables)-output (product concentration and product quality attributes) relations. The model therefore has great value in planning experiments, or in determining which critical process variables need to be monitored and controlled tightly. Mechanistic models should be combined with proper model analysis tools, such as uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. When assuming distributed inputs, the resulting uncertainty in the model outputs can be decomposed using sensitivity analysis to determine which input parameters are responsible for the major part of the output uncertainty. Such information can be used as guidance for experimental work; i.e., only parameters with a significant influence on model outputs need to be determined experimentally. The use of mechanistic models and model analysis tools is demonstrated in this chapter. As a practical case study, experimental data from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentations are used. The data are described with the well-known model of Sonnleitner and Kappeli (Biotechnol Bioeng 28: 927-937, 1986) and the model is analyzed further. The methods used are generic, and can be transferred easily to other, more complex case studies as well.
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| 6. |
- Fernandes, Rita Lencastre, et al.
(författare)
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Cell mass and cell cycle dynamics of an asynchronous budding yeast population: Experimental observations, flow cytometry data analysis, and multi-scale modeling
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biotechnology and Bioengineering. - : Wiley. - 1097-0290 .- 0006-3592. ; 110:3, s. 812-826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite traditionally regarded as identical, cells in a microbial cultivation present a distribution of phenotypic traits, forming a heterogeneous cell population. Moreover, the degree of heterogeneity is notably enhanced by changes in micro-environmental conditions. A major development in experimental single-cell studies has taken place in the last decades. It has however not been fully accompanied by similar contributions within data analysis and mathematical modeling. Indeed, literature reporting, for example, quantitative analyses of experimental single-cell observations and validation of model predictions for cell property distributions against experimental data is scarce. This study focuses on the experimental and mathematical description of the dynamics of cell size and cell cycle position distributions, of a population of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in response to the substrate consumption observed during batch cultivation. The good agreement between the proposed multi-scale model (a population balance model [PBM] coupled to an unstructured model) and experimental data (both the overall physiology and cell size and cell cycle distributions) indicates that a mechanistic model is a suitable tool for describing the microbial population dynamics in a bioreactor. This study therefore contributes towards the understanding of the development of heterogeneous populations during microbial cultivations. More generally, it consists of a step towards a paradigm change in the study and description of cell cultivations, where average cell behaviors observed experimentally now are interpreted as a potential joint result of various co-existing single-cell behaviors, rather than a unique response common to all cells in the cultivation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 812826. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 7. |
- Heins, Anna Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative flow cytometry to understand population heterogeneity in response to changes in substrate availability in escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae chemostats
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-4185. ; 7:AUG
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbial cells in bioprocesses are usually described with averaged parameters. But in fact, single cells within populations vary greatly in characteristics such as stress resistance, especially in response to carbon source gradients. Our aim was to introduce tools to quantify population heterogeneity in bioprocesses using a combination of reporter strains, flow cytometry, and easily comprehensible parameters. We calculated mean, mode, peak width, and coefficient of variance to describe distribution characteristics and temporal shifts in fluorescence intensity. The skewness and the slope of cumulative distribution function plots illustrated differences in distribution shape. These parameters are person-independent and precise. We demonstrated this by quantifying growth-related population heterogeneity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli reporter strains in steady-state of aerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultures at different dilution rates and in response to glucose pulses. Generally, slow-growing cells showed stronger responses to glucose excess than fast-growing cells. Cell robustness, measured as membrane integrity after exposure to freeze-thaw treatment, of fast-growing cells was strongly affected in subpopulations of low membrane robustness. Glucose pulses protected subpopulations of fast-growing but not slower-growing yeast cells against membrane damage. Our parameters could successfully describe population heterogeneity, thereby revealing physiological characteristics that might have been overlooked during traditional averaged analysis.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Alvekrans, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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From Knowledge to Decision - A Case Study of Sales and Operations Planning in Health Care
- 2016
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Ingår i: Production planning & control. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0953-7287 .- 1366-5871. ; 27:12, s. 1019-1026
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most important challenges in health care management is balancing resources with fluctuating and uncertain demand. This study examines whether introducing a standardised process for Sales and Operations planning at a large university hospital improved specialty department managers’ knowledge of planning conditions and if so, whether decisions were made based on this knowledge. Using responses from a survey of 30 specialty department managers at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Sweden, the analyses indicate that operational knowledge strengthens insights about the needs for strategic decisions, and vice versa. Moreover, knowledge is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for making decisions at the department level. An overall planning and decision structure is required and should be implemented first at the hospital level to effectively allocate resources.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Arndt, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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State of the Climate in 2016
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 98:8, s. S1-S280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2016, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-continued to increase and reach new record highs. The 3.5 +/- 0.1 ppm rise in global annual mean carbon dioxide from 2015 to 2016 was the largest annual increase observed in the 58-year measurement record. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface surpassed 400 ppm (402.9 +/- 0.1 ppm) for the first time in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800000 years. One of the strongest El Nino events since at least 1950 dissipated in spring, and a weak La Nina evolved later in the year. Owing at least in part to the combination of El Nino conditions early in the year and a long-term upward trend, Earth's surface observed record warmth for a third consecutive year, albeit by a much slimmer margin than by which that record was set in 2015. Above Earth's surface, the annual lower troposphere temperature was record high according to all datasets analyzed, while the lower stratospheric temperature was record low according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Mexico and India, reported record high annual temperatures while many others observed near-record highs. A week-long heat wave at the end of April over the northern and eastern Indian peninsula, with temperatures surpassing 44 degrees C, contributed to a water crisis for 330 million people and to 300 fatalities. In the Arctic the 2016 land surface temperature was 2.0 degrees C above the 1981-2010 average, breaking the previous record of 2007, 2011, and 2015 by 0.8 degrees C, representing a 3.5 degrees C increase since the record began in 1900. The increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 24 March, the sea ice extent at the end of the growth season saw its lowest maximum in the 37-year satellite record, tying with 2015 at 7.2% below the 1981-2010 average. The September 2016 Arctic sea ice minimum extent tied with 2007 for the second lowest value on record, 33% lower than the 1981-2010 average. Arctic sea ice cover remains relatively young and thin, making it vulnerable to continued extensive melt. The mass of the Greenland Ice Sheet, which has the capacity to contribute similar to 7 m to sea level rise, reached a record low value. The onset of its surface melt was the second earliest, after 2012, in the 37-year satellite record. Sea surface temperature was record high at the global scale, surpassing the previous record of 2015 by about 0.01 degrees C. The global sea surface temperature trend for the 21st century-to-date of +0.162 degrees C decade(-1) is much higher than the longer term 1950-2016 trend of +0.100 degrees C decade(-1). Global annual mean sea level also reached a new record high, marking the sixth consecutive year of increase. Global annual ocean heat content saw a slight drop compared to the record high in 2015. Alpine glacier retreat continued around the globe, and preliminary data indicate that 2016 is the 37th consecutive year of negative annual mass balance. Across the Northern Hemisphere, snow cover for each month from February to June was among its four least extensive in the 47-year satellite record. Continuing a pattern below the surface, record high temperatures at 20-m depth were measured at all permafrost observatories on the North Slope of Alaska and at the Canadian observatory on northernmost Ellesmere Island. In the Antarctic, record low monthly surface pressures were broken at many stations, with the southern annular mode setting record high index values in March and June. Monthly high surface pressure records for August and November were set at several stations. During this period, record low daily and monthly sea ice extents were observed, with the November mean sea ice extent more than 5 standard deviations below the 1981-2010 average. These record low sea ice values contrast sharply with the record high values observed during 2012-14. Over the region, springtime Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion was less severe relative to the 1991-2006 average, but ozone levels were still low compared to pre-1990 levels. Closer to the equator, 93 named tropical storms were observed during 2016, above the 1981-2010 average of 82, but fewer than the 101 storms recorded in 2015. Three basins-the North Atlantic, and eastern and western North Pacific-experienced above-normal activity in 2016. The Australian basin recorded its least active season since the beginning of the satellite era in 1970. Overall, four tropical cyclones reached the Saffir-Simpson category 5 intensity level. The strong El Nino at the beginning of the year that transitioned to a weak La Nina contributed to enhanced precipitation variability around the world. Wet conditions were observed throughout the year across southern South America, causing repeated heavy flooding in Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Wetter-than-usual conditions were also observed for eastern Europe and central Asia, alleviating the drought conditions of 2014 and 2015 in southern Russia. In the United States, California had its first wetter-than-average year since 2012, after being plagued by drought for several years. Even so, the area covered by drought in 2016 at the global scale was among the largest in the post-1950 record. For each month, at least 12% of land surfaces experienced severe drought conditions or worse, the longest such stretch in the record. In northeastern Brazil, drought conditions were observed for the fifth consecutive year, making this the longest drought on record in the region. Dry conditions were also observed in western Bolivia and Peru; it was Bolivia's worst drought in the past 25 years. In May, with abnormally warm and dry conditions already prevailing over western Canada for about a year, the human-induced Fort McMurray wildfire burned nearly 590000 hectares and became the costliest disaster in Canadian history, with $3 billion (U.S. dollars) in insured losses.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Artman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Acquisition of usable IT : Acquisition projects to reflect on
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- By examining how several organizations have gone through the process of procuring IT systems, we have seen that there is a great need for procurer organizations themselves to understand their role in systems development. What is their responsibility for the outcome of the acquisition process? What is their responsibility for the outcome of the system-in-use? Can they actually take responsibility for the usability of systems? This collection of papers is meant to be a starting point for procurer organizations to reflect on that responsibility, as well as on how they manage the acquisition process. The papers are informed by academic research and grounded in scientific studies, but they are also to be taken as practical efforts to describe the process. We hope they will nurture reflection, and encourage those who are taking a stand to make IT systems usable. Our assumption is that the sooner an organization comes to terms with how the future system will actually be used, the sooner it will be profitable or beneficial.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Battistoni, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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Applications of FLUKA Monte Carlo code for nuclear and accelerator physics
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-583X .- 1872-9584. ; 269:24, s. 2850-2856
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- FLUKA is a general purpose Monte Carlo code capable of handling all radiation components from thermal energies (for neutrons) or 1 keV (for all other particles) to cosmic ray energies and can be applied in many different fields. Presently the code is maintained on Linux. The validity of the physical models implemented in FLUKA has been benchmarked against a variety of experimental data over a wide energy range, from accelerator data to cosmic ray showers in the Earth atmosphere. FLUKA is widely used for studies related both to basic research and to applications in particle accelerators, radiation protection and dosimetry, including the specific issue of radiation damage in space missions, radiobiology (including radiotherapy) and cosmic ray calculations.After a short description of the main features that make FLUKA valuable for these topics, the present paper summarizes some of the recent applications of the FLUKA Monte Carlo code in the nuclear as well high energy physics. In particular it addresses such topics as accelerator related applications.
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| 16. |
- Battistoni, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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FLUKA Capabilities and CERN Applications for the Study of Radiation Damage to Electronics at High-Energy Hadron Accelerators
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The assessment of radiation damage to electronics is a complex process and requires a detailed description of the full particle energy spectra, as well as a clear characterization of the quantities used to predict radiation damage. FLUKA, a multi-purpose particle interaction and transport code, is capable of calculating proton-proton and heavy ion collisions at LHC energies and beyond. It correctly describes the entire hadronic and electromagnetic particle cascade initiated by secondary particles from TeV energies down to thermal neutrons, and provides direct scoring capabilities essential to estimate in detail the possible risk of radiation damage to electronics. This paper presents the FLUKA capabilities for applications related to radiation damage to electronics, providing benchmarking examples and showing the practical applications of FLUKA at CERN facilities such as CNGS and LHC. Related applications range from the study of device effects, the detailed characterization of the radiation field and radiation monitor calibration, to the input requirements for important mitigation studies including shielding, relocation or other options.
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| 17. |
- Battistoni, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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The Application of the Monte Carlo Code FLUKA in Radiation Protection Studies for the Large Hadron Collider
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The multi-purpose particle interaction and transport code FLUKA is integral part of all radiation protection studies for the design and operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It is one of the very few codes available for this type of calculations which is capable to calculate in one and the same simulation proton-proton and heavy ion collisions at LHC energies as well as the entire hadronic and electromagnetic particle cascade initiated by secondary particles in detectors and beam-line components from TeV energies down to energies of thermal neutrons. The present paper reviews these capabilities of FLUKA in sketching the relevant physics models along with examples ofradiation protection studies for the LHC such as shielding studies for underground areas occupied by personnel during LHC operation and the simulation of induced radioactivity around beam loss points. Integral part of the FLUKA development is a careful benchmarking of specific models as well as the code performance in actual, complex applications which is demonstrated with examples of studies relevant to radiation protection at the LHC.
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| 18. |
- Bratt, Ola, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Population-based Organised Prostate Cancer Testing: Results from the First Invitation of 50-year-old Men
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Urology. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 85:3, s. 207-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The European Union recently recommended evaluation of the feasibility of organised prostate cancer screening. In Sweden, regional population-based organised prostate cancer testing (OPT) programmes were introduced in 2020. Objective: To describe initial participation rates and diagnostic outcomes. Design, setting, and participants: The three most populated Swedish regions invited all men aged 50 yr to OPT by a letter in 2020–2022. Men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≥3 ng/ml were referred for prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PSA assays differed across regions. Men with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 1–3 and PSA density ≥0.15 ng/ml/cm3 or PI-RADS 4–5 were referred for a biopsy. Data were obtained from the Swedish Register for Organised Prostate Cancer Testing. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Overall and regional participation rates, PSA distributions, PI-RADS score distributions, cancer detection, and treatment were evaluated. Results and limitations: A total of 23 855 (35%) of 68 060 invited men participated; 696 (2.9%) had PSA ≥3 ng/ml, and of them, 306 (44%) had a biopsy indication and 221 (32%) had a biopsy. On biopsy, 93 (42%) had Gleason grade group ≥2 (0.39% of PSA-tested men) and 44 (20%) Gleason grade group 1 cancer. Most men with cancer had treatment with curative intent (70%) or were under active surveillance (28%). Across regions, proportions of men with PSA ≥3 ng/ml ranged from 2.3% to 4.0%, and those with PI-RADS score 4–5 ranged from 12% to 21%. A limitation is that results are applicable only to first testing of men in their early 50s. Conclusions: The OPT programmes are feasible with good compliance to the diagnostic pathway. The use of MRI and PSA density avoided a biopsy for over half of the men with PSA ≥3 ng/ml. Inter-regional differences in diagnostic outcomes show a need for standardisation of the diagnostic pathway's components. Patient summary: We report the diagnostic outcomes of inviting 68 000 50-yr-old men to organised prostate cancer testing.
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| 19. |
- Carlsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: functional outcomes in the LAPPRO trial after 8-year follow-up.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology. - 2168-1813. ; 58, s. 11-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radical prostatectomy reduces mortality among patients with localized prostate cancer, however up to 35% of patients will experience biochemical recurrence, often treated with salvage radiotherapy. The objective of the study was to investigate long-term effects of salvage radiotherapy.A prospective, controlled, non-randomized trial at 14 Swedish center's including 4,003 patients scheduled for radical prostatectomy 2008-2011. A target trial emulation approach was used to identify eligible patients that was treated with salvage radiotherapy. The control group received no salvage radiotherapy. Outcomes were assessed by patient questionnaires on ordinal scales and statistical group comparisons were made using ordered logit regression with adjustment for baseline outcome and confounding factors. The primary endpoints were bowel, urinary and sexual function and bothering due to dysfunction at 8 years.Eleven percent (330/3,139) of the analyzed study population received salvage radiotherapy. Fecal leakage, leakage of mucus and hematochezia were more common after receiving salvage radiotherapy compared with the control group; 4.5% versus 2.6% odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]): (1.90 [1.38; 2.62]), 6.8% versus 1.5% 4.14 (2.98; 5.76) and 8.6% versus 1.2% 4.14 (2.98; 5.76), respectively. Urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction and hematuria were more common after receiving salvage radiotherapy, 34% versus 23% 2.23 (2.65; 3.00), 65% versus 57% 1.65 (1.18; 2.29) and 16% versus 1.6% 11.17 (5.68; 21.99), respectively.Salvage radiotherapy was associated with increased risk for fecal leakage, hematochezia, urinary incontinence and hematuria. Our results emphasize the importance of selecting patients for salvage radiotherapy to avoid overtreatment and to give high quality pre-treatment information to ensure patients' preparedness for late side-effects.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Dominguez Del Angel, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Ten steps to get started in Genome Assembly and Annotation.
- 2018
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Ingår i: F1000Research. - : F1000 Research Ltd. - 2046-1402. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a part of the ELIXIR-EXCELERATE efforts in capacity building, we present here 10 steps to facilitate researchers getting started in genome assembly and genome annotation. The guidelines given are broadly applicable, intended to be stable over time, and cover all aspects from start to finish of a general assembly and annotation project. Intrinsic properties of genomes are discussed, as is the importance of using high quality DNA. Different sequencing technologies and generally applicable workflows for genome assembly are also detailed. We cover structural and functional annotation and encourage readers to also annotate transposable elements, something that is often omitted from annotation workflows. The importance of data management is stressed, and we give advice on where to submit data and how to make your results Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR).
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| 22. |
- Eliasson Lantz, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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On-line monitoring of fermentation processes in lignocellulose-to-bioalcohol production.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Bioalcohol production: Biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass. - : Elsevier. - 9781845695101 ; , s. 315-339
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Online monitoring of bioethanol production is challenging due to the complex, viscous sample matrix, also containing solids. Suitable targets for online measurement are identified and potential monitoring techniques in addition to standard physicochemical measurements are reviewed. Advantages and limitations of chromatographic techniques, spectroscopic methods and software sensors are discussed in detail. In conclusion, bioethanol production processes should certainly benefit from online measurement of key process variables, especially if measurements are incorporated in process control loops. However, convincing case studies are lacking, and therefore development of suitable sampling methods and online measurement techniques should first be prioritized.
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| 23. |
- Erestam, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between intraoperative factors and surgeons' self-assessed operative satisfaction.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Surgical endoscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-2218 .- 0930-2794. ; 34:1, s. 61-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known concerning what may influence surgeon satisfaction with a surgical procedure and its associations with intraoperative factors. The objective was to explore the relationships between surgeons' self-assessed satisfaction with performed radical prostatectomies and intraoperative factors such as technical difficulties and intraoperative complications as reported by the surgeon subsequent to the operation.We utilized prospectively collected data from the controlled LAPPRO trial where 4003 patients with prostate cancer underwent open (ORP) or robot-assisted laparoscopic (RALP) radical prostatectomy. Patients were included from fourteen centers in Sweden during 2008-2011. Surgeon satisfaction was assessed by questionnaires at the end of each operation. Intraoperative factors included time for the surgical procedure as well as difficulties and complications in various steps of the operation. To model surgeon satisfaction, a mixed effect logistic regression was used. Results were presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).The surgeons were satisfied in 2905 (81%) and dissatisfied in 702 (19%) of the surgical procedures. Surgeon satisfaction was not statistically associated with type of surgical technique (ORP vs. RALP) (OR 1.36, CI 0.76; 2.43). Intraoperative factors such as technical difficulties or complications, for example, suturing of the anastomosis was negatively associated with surgeon satisfaction (OR 0.24, CI 0.19; 0.30).Our data indicate that technical difficulties and/or intraoperative complications were associated with a surgeon's level of satisfaction with an operation.
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| 24. |
- Haglind, Therése
(författare)
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Digitalisering av gymnasieskolans verksamhet : tillgång och användning
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Skolan är en del av samhället och den digitala utvecklingen ger upphov till både möjligheter och utmaningar för skolans verksamhet. Denna licentiatuppsats handlar om digitaliseringen av svensk gymnasieskola och tar sin utgångspunkt i en verksamhet där tillgången till digitala verktyg på flera sätt är tillgodosedd. Syftet med detta arbete att undersöka användningen av digitala verktyg för skolarbete, samt förutsättningar för denna användning, i en miljö med god tillgång till digitala teknologiska resurser och en utbyggd infrastruktur. Tre forskningsfrågor är i fokus: (1) Hur ser användningen av skoldatorer och mobiltelefoner ut för skolarbete, både inom och utanför skolan? (2) Vad är elevernas och lärarnas uppfattning om digitala verktyg och deras användbarhet för pedagogiska syften? och (3) Vilka funktioner har skolans lärplattform i lärares gemensamma lektionsplanering? Forskningen har bedrivits nära praktiken och datainsamlingen har genomförts på två 1:1 gymnasieskolor i en medelstor stad i Sverige. Elevenkäter, enskilda lärarintervjuer, grupputvärdering med lärare och loggning av lärares aktivitet på LMS:et har genomförts under åren 2013-2015. Arbetet utgår ifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv och grundtankar är att lärandet är socialt och sker i interaktion med andra och omvärlden (Sutherland et al., 2009; Säljö, 2014). Delstudie 1 handlar om elevers användning av skoldatorn och den egna privata mobiltelefonen (Haglind, 2014c). Texten baseras på enkätundersökningar och fokusgruppintervjuer med elever genomförda på två 1:1 gymnasieskolor 2013. Delstudie 2 undersöker elevers uppfattningar om mobiltelefonen som ett verktyg för skolarbete. Texten baseras på en enkätundersökning genomförd 2014 (Ott, Haglind & Lindström, 2014). Delstudie 3 undersöker relationen mellan elevers tillgång och användning av digitala verktyg för skolarbete (Haglind, Godhe & Lindström, 2015) och delstudie 4 fokuserar på användningen av ett LMS under ett kollegialt samarbete samt hur detta samarbete har uppfattats (Haglind, 2015). Delstudie 3 bygger på material från fokusgruppintervjuer, två enkätundersökningar och lärarintervjuer. Delstudie 4 använder material från lärarintervjuer, muntlig grupputvärdering med lärare och loggad LMS-aktivitet. Resultaten i delstudierna visar att digitaliseringen av gymnasieskolan är en komplex fråga där flera faktorer spelar roll. Trots god tillgång till digitala verktyg i skolmiljön så är användningen relativt låg och det finns en skillnad mellan elever ifråga om både användning av och uppfattning om digitala verktyg i skolan. Vidare indikerar resultaten att eleverna på de högskoleförberedande programmen har en annan uppfattning om digitala verktyg som redskap för skolarbete än elever på yrkesförberedande program samt att elever därmed ges olika förutsättningar att bemästra IKT för att lära baserat på programinriktning. Resultaten visar att eleverna i hög uträckning tar med sig sina privata mobiltelefoner till skolan. En del elever använder dessa för skolarbete både i skolan och hemma, men majoriteten av eleverna gör det inte utan identifierar både hinder och begränsningar med att använda mobiltelefonen för skolarbete. Dessa resultat tyder på att mobiltelefonen inte utmanar de etablerade verktygen för skolarbete eftersom den inte i någon större utsträckning används för skolarbete. Men det finns elever som använder mobiltelefonen och datorn för att utföra olika typer av uppgifter. De använder till exempel mobiltelefonen för att översätta ord och kommunicera med sms och datorn för att exempelvis skriva texter och anteckna (Ott, Haglind & Lindström, 2014). Dessa resultat indikerar att en del elever använder de olika digitala verktygen för olika ändamål och att de på eget initiativ kan välja bland de tillgängliga digitala verktygen. Delstudie 4 visar att LMS får olika funktioner i lärares gemensamma undervisningsplanering. Förutom att vara en plats att dela och förvara material så visar studien att LMS skapar lärtillfällen för lärarna när de på egen hand ”bläddrar” igenom materialet för att se vilket material de kan använda sig av; det blir det ett tillfälle för reflektion över både sin egen och andras undervisning (Haglind, 2015). Generellt sett är tillgången till digitala verktyg hög i svensk gymnasieskola, men resultaten visar att det finns ett glapp mellan tillgång och användning. Det räcker därmed inte att undersöka tillgång utan andra faktorer såsom elever och lärares uppfattningar om digitala verktyg är viktiga att undersöka och förhålla sig till. Detta arbete visar också vikten av det kollegiala samarbetet och en central fråga här är vilka stödstrukturer som blir viktiga i den digitaliserade skolan. Avslutningsvis så betonas här att det behövs bedrivas vidare forskning om gymnasieskolans digitalisering, med fördel genom studier där den beprövade erfarenheten ges möjlighet att grundas i vetenskap.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Högfeldt, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Mutual Capacity Building through North-South Collaboration Using Challenge-Driven Education
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 11:24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The urgent need for actions in the light of the global challenges motivates international policy to define roadmaps for education on all levels to step forward and contribute with new knowledge and competencies. Challenge-Driven Education (CDE) is described as an education for Sustainable Development (ESD) approach, which aims to prepare students to work with global challenges and to bring value to society by direct impact. This paper describes, evaluates and discusses a three-year participatory implementation project of Challenge-driven education (CDE) within the engineering education at the University of Dar es Salam, UDSM, which has been carried out in collaboration with the Royal Institute of Technology, KTH in Stockholm. Conclusions are drawn on crucial aspects for engineering education change through the lens of Activity Theory (AT), where CDE is brought forward as a motivating ESD initiative for engineering faculty and students. Furthermore participatory co-creation is notably useful as it aims to embrace social values among the participants. Also, traditional organizational structures will need to be continuously negotiated in the light of the integration of more open-ended approaches in education.
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| 27. |
- Högfeldt, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding Engineering Education Change With The Introduction of Challenge Driven Education in Tanzania
- 2018
-
Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF 2018 IEEE GLOBAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION CONFERENCE (EDUCON) - EMERGING TRENDS AND CHALLENGES OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION. - : IEEE. - 9781538629574 ; , s. 1335-1343
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden and Tanzania have collaborated since 1976 in research projects. A PhD sandwich program was established in the 90's in the field of electrical engineering between UDSM (University of Dar es Salam), Tanzania and KTH (Royal Institute of Technology), Sweden. This collaboration has opened up for shared trust, idea exchange and the emergence of the challenge driven education approach. Challenge driven education brings in socio-technical challenges to engineering education, or rather, brings out students and academic faculty, to real life challenges outside academy. The research of the first years' experience reveals factors like high motivation among students, faculty and stakeholders in society. New ways of teaching and learning have evolved, and clear contrasts with traditional education have been found.
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| 28. |
- Höök, Pia, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Minnen av Jämställdhet
- 2009
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Dokumentär film om jämställdhetsarbete under 1980-1990 tal i tre stora mansdominerade organisationer i Sverige; Volvo, Vattenfall och KTH
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| 29. |
- Kjellsdotter, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Healthcare Professionals' Views on Parental Participation in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 0882-5963 .- 1532-8449. ; 41:S1, s. 3-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To examine the associations between age, gender, and profession in relation to the perceived importance of parental participation in Neonatal Intensive Care Units.DESIGN AND METHODS: A quantitative cross-sectional design was used. Participants were recruited consecutively from all 40 existing NICU units in Sweden. A total of 443 healthcare professionals (372 nurses and 71 physicians) participated in the study. Participants completed the Swedish version of the Empowerment of Parents in the Intensive Care-Neonatology (EMPATHIC-N) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analyses.RESULTS: The findings indicated that profession and age, but not gender, had an overall perceived importance on how nurses and physicians rated specific aspects of parental participation in NICUs.CONCLUSIONS: Being a nurse, compared to a physician, was associated with an increase in overall perceived importance of parental participation in NICUs. These differences may affect and may be crucial for how parents take a part in the care of their infant and also for how they adapt to the parental role.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Nurses and physicians require education and training that support parental participation based on age and their different roles, rather than simply conveying information about the technical medical aspects of NICU care. For a sustainable outcome all team members should be invited to discuss cases from their perspectives.
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| 30. |
- Knudsen, Jan Dines, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the potential of the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (GPD2) promoter for recombinant gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Biotechnology Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2215-017X. ; 7, s. 107-119
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A control point for keeping redox homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during fermentative growth is the dynamic regulation of transcription for the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (GPD2) gene. In this study, the possibility to steer the activity of the GPD2 promoter was investigated by placing it in strains with different ability to reoxidise NADH, and applying different environmental conditions. Flow cytometric analysis of reporter strains expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the GPD2 promoter was used to determine the promoter activity at the single-cell level. When placed in a gpd1Δgpd2Δ strain background, the GPD2 promoter displayed a 2-fold higher activity as compared to the strong constitutive glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (TDH3). In contrast, the GPD2 promoter was found to be inactive when cells were cultivated in continuous mode at a growth rate of 0.3 h-1 and in conditions with excess oxygen (i.e. with an aeration of 2.5 vvm, and a stirring of 800 rpm). In addition, a clear window of operation where the gpd1Δgpd2Δ strain can be grown with the same efficiency as wild type yeast was identified. In conclusion, the flow cytometry mapping revealed conditions where the GPD2 promoter was either completely inactive or hyperactive, which has implications for its implementation in future biotechnological applications such as for process control of heterologous gene expression.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Lantz, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Functional and Oncological Outcomes After Open Versus Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy for Localised Prostate Cancer : 8-Year Follow-up
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 80:5, s. 650-660
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Radical prostatectomy reduces mortality among patients with localised prostate cancer. Evidence on whether different surgical techniques can affect mortality rates is lacking. Objective: To evaluate functional and oncological outcomes 8 yr after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) and open retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP). Design, setting, and participants: We enrolled 4003 patients in a prospective, controlled, nonrandomised trial comparing RALP and RRP in 14 Swedish centres between 2008 and 2011. Data for functional outcomes were assessed via validated patient questionnaires administered preoperatively and at 12 and 24 mo and 8 yr after surgery. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The primary endpoint was urinary incontinence. Functional outcomes at 8 yr were analysed using the modified Poisson regression approach. Results and limitations: Urinary incontinence was not significantly different at 8 yr after surgery between RALP and RRP (27% vs 29%; adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90–1.23). Erectile dysfunction was significantly lower in the RALP group (66% vs 70%; aRR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87–0.99). Prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM) was significantly lower in the RALP group at 8 yr after surgery (40/2699 vs 25/885; aRR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34–0.93). Differences in oncological outcomes were mainly seen in the group with high D'Amico risk, with a lower risk of positive surgical margins (21% vs 34%), biochemical recurrence (51% vs 69%), and PCSM (14/220 vs 11/77) for RALP versus RRP. The main limitation is the nonrandomised design. Conclusions: In this prospective multicentre controlled trial, PCSM at 8 yr after surgery was lower for RALP in comparison to RRP. A causal relationship between surgical technique and mortality cannot be inferred, but the result confirms that RALP is oncologically safe. Taken together with better short-term results reported elsewhere, our findings confirm that implementation of RALP may continue. Patient summary: Our study comparing two surgical techniques for removal of the prostate for localised prostate cancer shows that a robot-assisted minimally invasive technique is safe in the long term. Together with previous results showing some better short-term effects with this approach, our findings support continued use of robot-assisted surgery.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Lantz, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Systemoptimerad produktion av fordonsgas - En miljö- och energisystemanalys av Söderåsens biogasanläggning
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med föreliggande studie är att presentera en energi- och miljösystemanalys för en specifik biogasanläggning samt att beskriva och kostnadsberäkna åtgärder för att optimera systemet. En övergripande målsättning är också att studien ska kunna fungera som modell för kommande energi- och miljösystemstudier av andra specifika biogasanläggningar. Analysen innefattar direkta effekter som energianvändning och emissioner från produktion av biogas, uppgradering, transporter samt lagring och spridning av biogödsel. Dessutom inkluderas indirekta effekter i form av minskade metanläckage från konventionell gödselhantering, ersättning av mineralgödsel med biogödsel och olika markeffekter med mera. Produktion och distribution av fordonsgas från Söderåsens biogasanläggning beräknas ha en energibalans på cirka 5,5 vilket kan jämföras med etanol från vete där energibalansen normalt ligger mellan 2 och 3. Emissionerna av växthusgaser uppgår till 16 gram CO2-ekvivalenter/kWh vilket är cirka 95 % lägre jämfört med bensin. Det kan jämföras med etanol från vete och RME som i andra studier beräknats minska emissionerna med cirka 80 % respektive 65 %. Resultatet påverkas framförallt av metanläckaget från uppgraderingsanläggningen och minskade emissionerna av lustgas när biogödsel ersätter mineralgödsel samt antaganden om hur den elektricitet som används har producerats. Biogassystemets påverkan på övergödningen kan nästan uteslutande kopplas till hanteringen av biogödsel och uppgår till cirka 6 gram NO3-ekv. /kWh vilket är något lägre än vad som beräknats för etanol och RME i andra studier. Genom att täcka biogödsellagren och värma anläggningen med flis, vilka bedöms vara kostnadsneutrala eller lönsamma åtgärder för producenten, beräknas emissionerna av växthusgaser minska till -13 gram/kWh. Om samtliga identifierade förbättringsåtgärder genomfördes skulle emissionerna minska med 120 % jämfört med bensin till en kostnad av ett par ören per kWh fordonsgas.
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| 36. |
- Lin, Yao-Cheng, et al.
(författare)
-
Functional and evolutionary genomic inferences in Populus through genome and population sequencing of American and European aspen
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : NATL ACAD SCIENCES. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 115:46, s. E10970-E10978
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Populus genus is one of the major plant model systems, but genomic resources have thus far primarily been available for poplar species, and primarily Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray), which was the first tree with a whole-genome assembly. To further advance evolutionary and functional genomic analyses in Populus, we produced genome assemblies and population genetics resources of two aspen species, Populus tremula L. and Populus tremuloides Michx. The two aspen species have distributions spanning the Northern Hemisphere, where they are keystone species supporting a wide variety of dependent communities and produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites. Our analyses show that the two aspens share a similar genome structure and a highly conserved gene content with P. trichocarpa but display substantially higher levels of heterozygosity. Based on population resequencing data, we observed widespread positive and negative selection acting on both coding and noncoding regions. Furthermore, patterns of genetic diversity and molecular evolution in aspen are influenced by a number of features, such as expression level, coexpression network connectivity, and regulatory variation. To maximize the community utility of these resources, we have integrated all presented data within the PopGenIE web resource (PopGenIE.org).
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| 37. |
- Lindgren, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Radioiodine Treatment on TRAb, Anti-TPO, and Anti-TG in Graves' Disease
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Thyroid Journal. - : Bioscientifica. - 2235-0640 .- 2235-0802. ; 8:2, s. 64-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In Graves' disease (GD), immunocompetent cells infiltrate thyroid tissue with release of TSH-receptor antibodies (TRAb), and radioiodine treatment is known to elicit an immune response with an increase in TRAb. Objectives: The aim was to study if all patients treated with radioiodine respond with a release of TRAb, anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO), and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG). Methods: This is a prospective observational study. GD patients (n = 131) were admitted for treatment with radioiodine. Thyroid antibodies were measured before and 3 months after iodine-131 treatment. Results: After 3 months, a fold change > 1.1 was found in 66% of the GD patients, while the remaining 34% did not have a change or decrease in in TRAb. Anti-TPO and anti-TG also increased; the former showed an increase in 73% and the latter of 52%, while 27 and 48% decreased/were unchanged. A significant positive correlation was found between TRAb and anti-TPO, but not between TRAb and anti-TG. In the group with an increase in TRAb, the median fold change was 5.1, but there were no additional effects of tobacco smoking. The proportion of females below the median age (51.5 years) was significantly higher in the group that increased in TRAb compared to the one that decreased/was unchanged (66 vs. 34%). Conclusions: Treatment with radioiodine elicits an increase in thyroid antibodies, but not in all GD patients. The proportion of responders varied and was affected by age, resulting in a stronger immune response at younger age. However, there were no additional effects of smoking.
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| 38. |
- Lindström, Berner, 1947, et al.
(författare)
-
Kunskapsbildning om IKT och lärande
- 2012
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Ingår i: Framtidens lärande 2012, invited address.. - Nacka Strand, Stockholm.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 39. |
- Molin, Lisa, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Instructional challenges of incorporating aspects of critical literacy work in digitalised classrooms
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Cogent Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2331-186X. ; 5:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores what opportunities for critical literacy work that can be distinguished in the practices of an emerging digitalised classroom and how teachers and students make use of these. Observations were conducted over the course of one semester in three subjects in a Swedish class of 13-14-year olds using individual tablets. The findings presented as thick descriptions suggest that different kinds of opportunities to develop critical literacy evolve in various activities and digital technologies become a resource in students' work. However, these opportunities mainly occur in peer interactions outside the visible control of the teacher and never develop into further critical reflections. The study concludes that a deliberate emphasis on critical literacy work in the design of tasks, especially those that include digital technologies, creates opportunities for students to develop competences that support them in becoming confident users and producers of contemporary texts.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Rosén, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Connecting North and South through Challenge Driven Education
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th International CDIO Conference. - Kanazawa, Japan.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper contributes with a north-south perspective on the ongoing enhancement of engineering education for sustainable development by giving insights in and results from implementation of challenge driven education (CDE) through joint efforts by the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) and other African partner universities. CDE is explained as an evolution of PBL for building learning experiences around societal challenges, engaging external stakeholders, and developing students’ abilities to contribute to sustainable development. A case study is presented where students’, teachers’ and challenge owners’ perceptions of a challenge driven approach in engineering education are explored and key drivers and barriers for implementing CDE are clarified.
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| 42. |
- Shahida, Bushra, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased risk of Graves´ophthalmopathy in patients with increasing TRAb after radioiodine treatment and the impact of CTLA4 on TRAb titres
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Endocrine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1355-008X .- 1559-0100. ; 75:3, s. 856-864
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Treatment of Graves´ disease (GD) with radioiodine increases the risk of developing Graves´ ophthalmopathy (GO), and the link between thyroid and orbital tissue may be the presence of TSH-receptors. Radioiodine increases the titers of TRAb and the aim was to investigate the relationship between GO and TRAb titers after treatment with radioiodine and to define the impact of risk genes. Methods: GD patients without ophthalmopathy or previous treatment with radioiodine were prospectively included at treatment with radioiodine for hyperthyroidism. A follow-up was performed 1 year later for the registration of GO development. The study was performed at a University Hospital Clinic; a referral center of all patients treated with radioiodine in the south of Sweden. The main outcome measures were the development of TRAb, anti-TPO, and anti-TG after 3 months and GO after 12 months and relationship to the genetic background (HLA, CTLA-4, and CYR61). Results: Three months of radioiodine TRAb titers increased in two thirds of patients (p < 0.0005) but not in the other third. Anti-TPO titers were associated with TRAb (R = 0.362, p < 0.0001) but not anti-TG. At follow-up 1 year later (n = 204) 32 patients developed GO with a proportion of 70% in the group increasing in TRAb titers and 30% in the group with unchanged or lower TRAb titers (p-value < 0.0005). Patients with GO had higher titers of TRAb than patients without GO. CTLA-4 (rs231775 SNP) was significantly (p < 0.005) associated with TRAb titers above the median three months after radioiodine. Conclusions: The increase in TRAb titers after treatment with radioiodine is associated with GO and a genetic variation in CTLA-4 is associated with higher titers of TRAb.
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| 43. |
- Stranne, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Behandling av icke spridd prostatacancer – individuellt val
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Lakartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a long history of curative treatment of prostate cancer. However, as prostate cancer often grows very slowly, and symptoms do not have time to develop during a person's lifetime, a more tentative approach has become more and more common in many cases. This may be through either watchful waiting or active surveillance. In the first case palliative hormonal treatment is given in the case of progression, in the latter curative treatment would be the choice. When treatment is deemed necessary for localized disease, surgery and radiotherapy are considered equivalent in terms of efficacy and overall risk of side effects. For locally advanced disease, radiotherapy is the recommended first-hand choice outside the SPCG 15 study. Focal treatment, which may lead to less side effects than surgery or radiotherapy, is not recommended outside trial settings due to lack of long-term follow-up data.
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| 44. |
- Stranne, Johan, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
[Treatment of non-metastatic prostate cancer]. : Behandling av icke spridd prostatacancer – individuellt val.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Lakartidningen. - 1652-7518. ; 121
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a long history of curative treatment of prostate cancer. However, as prostate cancer often grows very slowly, and symptoms do not have time to develop during a person's lifetime, a more tentative approach has become more and more common in many cases. This may be through either watchful waiting or active surveillance. In the first case palliative hormonal treatment is given in the case of progression, in the latter curative treatment would be the choice. When treatment is deemed necessary for localized disease, surgery and radiotherapy are considered equivalent in terms of efficacy and overall risk of side effects. For locally advanced disease, radiotherapy is the recommended first-hand choice outside the SPCG 15 study. Focal treatment, which may lead to less side effects than surgery or radiotherapy, is not recommended outside trial settings due to lack of long-term follow-up data.
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| 45. |
- Swartling, Anna, 1967-
(författare)
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The Good Person in Information Systems Development : A Reflexive Investigation of HCI in the Acquisition Process
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is an exploration of why the development of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) systems (IS) does not include more humanistic issues. I argue that this exclusion is one reason for the annoying situation of users and organizations: we are forced to deal with poorly designed systems that cause major frustration. In this reflexive investigation I present theories, data, analysis and arguments in the form of a theatrical script. With the theatre metaphor I aim to make visible the ideological elements not only within IS acquisition but also within research, in particular HCI research. The thesis includes three studies performed during 2003-2005: two interview studies with a total of 47 interviews, and one field study with extensive observations and 22 interviews. The material was analyzed with a focus on power structures and the ways common sense is constructed within the discourses of Information Systems Development (ISD). The theoretical perspective is inspired by discourse theory, social constructionism, and reflexivity. The main argument is that ISD is pervaded by a truth construct in which rationality and logic constitutes the norm and everything else, including humans, becomes subordinate. In my analysis of the research material I see that user participation through informal “methods” and user representation does not lead to meaningful involvement; instead it adds to the power structures in which ICT expertise and technology determination are hegemonic. I distinguish several significant subjects within the discourses of ISD and argue that the ways they are construed and positioned relate to certain functions; for example ICT experts as authority and users as trouble makers both function to exclude users from ISD. HCI has an important role as a resistive discourse but to increase its impact we must refocus our attention on systems development, directing our efforts towards the procurers of ICT systems instead of trying to integrate human perspectives into the functional paradigm.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Wahl, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The Second Wave of Integration - Methods for Teaching Gender Theories in Business Schools
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents two separate parts of a project aiming at integrating gender theory in organization and management courses; teambuilding and visual methods. Teambuilding theories lack descriptions and interpretations on gendered processes. Taking this identified problem as a point of departure, we developed an exercise about gender in teambuilding. The aim was to encourage students to develop their ability to understand and analyze group processes as gendered, i.e. with the help from theories on organization and gender. Visual methods informed by gender theory may contribute to a critical view on the visual landscape of our society and its organizations. Furthermore, through visual methods students may become photographic subjects themselves and thus present alternative ways of visual representation.
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| 49. |
- Wallerstedt Lantz, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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90-Day readmission after radical prostatectomy—a prospective comparison between robot-assisted and open surgery
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 53:1, s. 26-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: All types of surgery are associated with complications. The debate is ongoing whether robot-assisted radical prostatectomy can lower this risk compared to open surgery. The objective of the present study was to evaluate post-operative adverse events leading to readmissions, using clinical records to classify these adverse events systematically. Materials and methods: A prospective controlled trial of men who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic (RALP) or retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) at 14 departments of Urology (LAPPRO) between 2008 and 2011. Data on all readmissions within 3 months of surgery were collected from the Patient registry, Swedish Board of Health and Welfare. For each readmission the highest Clavien-Dindo grade was listed. Results: A total of 4003 patients were included in the LAPPRO trial and, after applying exclusion criteria, 3706 patients remained for analyses. The results showed no statistically significant difference in the overall readmission rates (8.1 vs. 7.1%) or readmission due to major complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥3b, 1.7 vs. 1.9%) between RALP and RRP within 90 days after surgery. Patients subjected to lymph-node dissection (LND) had twice the risk for readmission as men not undergoing LND, irrespective RALP or RRP technique. Blood transfusion was significantly more frequent during and within 30 days of RRP surgery (16 vs. 4%). Abdominal symptoms were more common after RALP. Conclusions: There is a substantial risk for hospital readmission after prostate-cancer surgery, regardless of technique; although major complications are rare. Regardless of surgical technique, attention should be focused on specific types of complications.
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