| 1. |
- Aksyutina, Yu, et al.
(author)
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Lithium isotopes beyond the drip line
- 2008
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In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 666:5, s. 430-434
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The unbound isotopes 10Li, 12Li and 13Li have been observed after nucleon-knockout reactions at relativistic energies with 11Li and 14Be beams impinging on a liquid hydrogen target. The channels , and were analysed in the ALADIN-LAND setup at GSI. The 10Li data confirm earlier findings, while the 12Li and 13Li nuclei were observed for the first time. The relative-energy spectrum shows that the ground state of 12Li can be described as a virtual s-state with a scattering length of -13.7(1.6) fm. A broad energy spectrum was found for the channel. Based on the assumption that the relative-energy spectrum is dominated by a correlated background presumably stemming from initial correlations in the 14Be ground-state, evidence for a 13Li resonance at 1.47(31) MeV above the threshold with a width around 2 MeV has been found.
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| 2. |
- Aksyutina, Yuliya, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Properties of the 7He ground state from 8He neutron knockout
- 2009
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In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 679:3, s. 191-196
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The unbound nucleus 7He, produced in neutron-knockout reactions with a 240 MeV/u 8He beam in a liquid-hydrogen target, has been studied in an experiment at the ALADIN-LAND setup at GSI. From an R-matrix analysis the resonance parameters for 7He as well as the spectroscopic factor for the 6He(0+) + n configuration in its ground-state have been obtained. The spectroscopic factor is 0.61 confirming that 7He is not a pure single-particle state. An analysis of 5He data from neutron-knockout reactions of 6He in a carbon target reveals the presence of an s-wave component at low energies in the α+n relative energy spectrum. A possible low-lying exited state in 7He observed in neutron knockout data from 8He in a carbon target and tentatively interpreted as a Iπ=1/2− state, could not be observed in the present experiment. Possible explanations of the shape difference between the 7He resonance obtained in the two knockout reactions are discussed in terms of target-dependence or different reaction mechanisms at relativistic energies.
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| 3. |
- Khamisi, Selwan, et al.
(author)
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Fracture Incidence in Graves' Disease: A Population-Based Study.
- 2023
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In: Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 1557-9077 .- 1050-7256. ; 33:11, s. 1349-1357
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Population-based studies have indicated an increase in bone turnover in hyperthyroidism with a subsequent decrease in bone mineral density and an increased risk of fractures, especially in postmenopausal women. However, heterogeneity between studies prevents a definitive conclusion. Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease, and it is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. The aim of this study was to investigate fracture risk in patients with GD. Methods: A total of 2134 patients with incident GD and 21,261 age, sex- and county-matched controls were included 16-18 years after diagnosis in a retrospective cohort study. Drug and patient national registries in Sweden were used to assess the risk of developing skeletal complications. Up to 10 years of age, sex- and county-matched controls per patient were selected from databases from the National Board of Health and Welfare and Statistics Sweden. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals [CI]. Results: There were no significant differences in fracture rates between GD and controls but after adjustment for comorbidities, the data showed higher vertebral fracture rates in male GD patients aged >52 years compared to male controls, HR=2.83 [CI 1.05-7.64]. The rates of osteoporosis treatments as well as treatment with corticosteroids were higher in patients with GD. However, HR for the association between GD and fractures remained largely unchanged after adjustment for osteoporosis treatments and treatments with corticosteroids. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in total fracture rate between GD and the general population. However, men older than 52 years had a higher vertebral fracture rate. This study also shows that patients with treated GD receive more osteoporosis treatments compared to the general population.
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| 4. |
- Abraham-Nordling, Mirna, et al.
(author)
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Incidence of hyperthyroidism in Stockholm, Sweden, 2003-2005
- 2008
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In: European Journal of Endocrinology. - 1479-683X. ; 158:6, s. 823-827
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the incidence of hyperthyroidism in Stockholm County in those patients who were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism for the First time during the years 2003-2005. Design: All new cases of hyperthyroidism >= 18 years of age were prospectively registered to calculate the total incidence of hyperthyroidism, as well as the incidence of the subgroups: Graves' disease (GD), toxic multinodular goitre and solitary toxic adenoma (STA). Eight specialized units/hospitals in Stockholm County participated in the registration. The participating physicians were all specialists in medical endocrinology. oncology, nuclear medicine or surgery. Results: Duringa 3-year period, 1431 new patients of hyperthyroidism were diagnosed in a well-defined adult population (>18 years of age) of in average 1 457 036 inhabitants. This corresponds to a mean annual incidence of hyperthyroidism of 32.7/100 000. The incidence of GD was 24.5/100 000 per year. toxic nodular goitre was 3.3/100 000 per year and STA was 4.9/100 000 per year. Conclusions: The total incidence of hyperthyroidism in Stockholm County was found to be 32.7/100 000 per year. of which 75% had GD. There were a higher percentage of smokers among the patients with hyperthyroidism compared with the overall population in Stockholm, but no difference in the frequency of smoking between patients with GD and toxic nodular goitre.
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| 5. |
- Abraham-Nordling, Mirna, et al.
(author)
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Incidence of hyperthyroidism in Sweden
- 2011
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In: European Journal of Endocrinology. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 165:6, s. 899-905
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: The incidence of hyperthyroidism has been reported in various countries to be 23-93/100000 inhabitants per year. This extended study has evaluated the incidence for similar to 40% of the Swedish population of 9 million inhabitants. Sweden is considered to be iodine sufficient country. Methods:All patients including children, who were newly diagnosed with overt hyperthyroidism in the years 2003-2005, were prospectively registered in a multicenter study. The inclusion criteria are as follows:clinical symptoms and/or signs of hyperthyroidism with plasma TSH concentration below 0.2 mIE/l and increased plasma levels of free/total triiodothyronine and/or free/total thyroxine. Patients with relapse of hyperthyroidism or thyroiditis were not included. The diagnosis of Graves' disease (GD), toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG) and solitary toxic adenoma (STA), smoking, initial treatment, occurrence of thyroid-associated eye symptoms/signs, and demographic data were registered. Results:A total of 2916 patients were diagnosed with de novo hyperthyroidism showing the total incidence of 27.6/100 000 inhabitants per year. The incidence of GD was 21.0/100 000 and toxic nodular goiter (TNG=STA+TMNG) occurred in 692 patients, corresponding to an annual incidence of 6.5/100 000. The incidence was higher in women compared with men (4.2:1). Seventy-five percent of the patients were diagnosed with GD, in whom thyroid-associated eye symptoms/signs occurred during diagnosis in every fifth patient. Geographical differences were observed. Conclusion:The incidence of hyperthyroidism in Sweden is in a lower range compared with international reports. Seventy-five percent of patients with hyperthyroidism had GD and 20% of them had thyroid-associated eye symptoms/signs during diagnosis. The observed geographical differences require further studies.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ahlgren, Serina, et al.
(author)
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Biofuels from agricultural biomass – Land use change in Swedish perspective
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Swedish parliament has decided that by 2045, Sweden will not be a net emitter of greenhouse gases. There is also a goal to have a fossil fuel free transport sector by 2030. However, the transport sector is still dominated by fossil fuels and many efforts are needed to lower emissions. Sweden has a relatively high share of biofuels, around 20% of the energy use in domestictransportation. However, almost 90% of these fuels are imported or produced from imported feedstock.In this study it was investigated whether and how the forecast biofuel demand for 2030 (20 TWh) can be met by biofuels produced from domestic feedstock. The scope was narrowed to biomass that does not cause land use change effects, since the European Commission has communicated that useof biofuels based on feedstock which could be used instead for food or feed will not be supported in the future. The reason for this policy decision is that increased biofuel production could stimulate direct land use change (dLUC) or indirect land use change (iLUC), leading to release ofsoil carbon and other greenhouse gases. We found that about 4-10 TWh of biofuels can be produced from iLUC-free agricultural feedstockin Sweden; the range is dependent on the assumed biofuel conversion rate. The raw material studied was (1) agricultural residues, (2) ley produced on previously unused arable land, (3) crops from arable land such as intermediate crops and (4) intensification of ley cultivation.Literature indicates that iLUC-free feedstock from other sectors (forest residues, industrial byproducts and residues, and residues from other parts of society in Sweden, marine feedstock not included) could contribute 8-11 TWh biofuel. In other words, there is good potential to reach the required 20 TWh of biofuels by 2030 based on domestic iLUC-free feedstock. Lowering domesticconsumption of meat and alcoholic beverages and lowering land use for recreational horse keeping could provide additional space for biofuel production.However, steering towards iLUC-free feedstock would mean higher production costs compared to conventional biofuel production. It is therefore of particular interest to study the potential trade-offs between greenhouse gases and economics. The production of ethanol and biogas based on wheatgrain and wheat straw was studied, where wheat grain represented the current production system and wheat straw represented an iLUC-free production system.We conclude that wheat straw-based biofuels do not compete with food production and have lower greenhouse gas emissions than those based on wheat grain, but higher production costs. The reasons for higher production costs are mainly the lower biofuel yield and more expensive pretreatment.In order to enable general conclusions on trade-offs when steering towards iLUC-free feedstock, more case studies are however needed with a larger set of studied feedstocks, biofuels and including other environmental impacts.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Al-Majdoub, Mahmoud, et al.
(author)
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Treatment of Swedish Patients with Graves' Hyperthyroidism Is Associated with Changes in Acylcarnitine Levels
- 2017
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In: Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-9077. ; 27:9, s. 1109-1117
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Hyperthyroidism is associated with alterations in metabolism that are currently only partially understood. The objective of the study was to investigate changes in metabolism associated with reinstatement of euthyroidism in Swedish patients.METHODS: Eighty metabolites in plasma were profiled from 10 subjects with Graves' disease (GD) at baseline and after 9 and 15 months of treatment to reinstate euthyroidism. Thyroid parameters, thyrotropin (TSH), TSH receptor antibodies, free triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine were followed. Main findings were validated in plasma from 20 subjects with GD at baseline and at three, six, and nine months. The study was conducted at the endocrinology clinic in Malmö, Sweden.RESULTS: Euthyroidism was reinstated at three months, and thyroid status did not change further during the 15-month follow-up. This was paralleled by altered levels of 9/19 detected acylcarnitines (p < 0.05 after adjustment for multiple testing). Levels of short-chain acylcarnitines were decreased, intermediate-chain acylcarnitines elevated, and long-chain acylcarnitines unaltered.CONCLUSIONS: GD and treatment of the disease is associated with pronounced acyl chain length-dependent alterations in acylcarnitine levels. These changes may be impacted by ethnicity and or dietary differences.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Alexandersson, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Textflytt och sökslump : informationssökning via skolbibliotek
- 2007
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Kraven på skolornas förändrade arbetssätt har tillsammans med lokala och nationella satsningar på IKT aktualiserat frågor om textanalys och problemlösning, liksom frågor om informationshantering och källkritik. Att sovra och värdera information utgör en allt viktigare komponent i lärandet. I detta sammanhang framstår skolbibliotekets pedagogiska roll som en förutsättning för elevernas mångsidiga språk- och kunskapsutveckling I denna rapport Textflytt och sökslump visar forskarna Mikael Alexandersson och Louise Limberg tillsammans med Annika Lantz-Andersson, Mimmi Kylemark och Lena Folkesson på viktiga utvecklingsområden som handlar om samtal, metodik och delvis nya kompetenser i samarbetet med bibliotekarier och i utvecklandet av skolbiblioteket som lärande rum. I skolnära skildringar kan vi följa hur forskande arbetssätt förvandlas till ensamma, förenklade situationer med textflytt och sökslumpar. I en skolvärld av obelysta metoder för informationssökning och kritiskt granskande av källor lämnas elever ensamma i samtalet med sina texter och skoluppgifter. Man får en alltför vid ingång till sökningen, satsar på att lösa och redovisa uppgiften och signalerar verksamhet och levererar snygga produkter. Men vad förstår eleverna? Vad lär eleverna? Detta är en reviderad upplaga av Fif nr 18.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Baaz, Mikael, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Svagt FN hinder för afghansk fred
- 2010
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In: Svenska Dagbladet, Brännpunkt. ; :2010-04-19
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 16. |
- Baaz, Mikael, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Våldsförbudet undermineras
- 2009
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In: Sydsvenska Dagbladet, Aktuella frågor. ; :2009-11-25
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Binzel, R.P., et al.
(author)
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Compositional distributions and evolutionary processes for the near-Earth object population: Results from the MIT-Hawaii Near-Earth Object Spectroscopic Survey (MITHNEOS)
- 2019
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In: Icarus. - : Elsevier. - 0019-1035 .- 1090-2643. ; 324, s. 41-76
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Advancing technology in near-infrared instrumentation and dedicated planetary telescope facilities have enabled nearly two decades of reconnoitering the spectral properties for near-Earth objects (NEOs). We report measured spectral properties for more than 1000 NEOs, representing >5 percent of the currently discovered population. Thermal flux detected below 2.5 microns allows us to make albedo estimates for nearly 50 objects, including two comets. Additional spectral data are reported for more than 350 Mars-crossing asteroids. Most of these measurements were achieved through a collaboration between researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Hawaii, with full cooperation of the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) on Mauna Kea. We call this project the MIT-Hawaii Near-Earth Object Spectroscopic Survey (MITHNEOS; myth-neos). While MITHNEOS has continuously released all spectral data for immediate use by the scientific community, our objectives for this paper are to: (1) detail the methods and limits of the survey data, (2) formally present a compilation of results including their taxonomic classification within a single internally consistent framework, (3) perform a preliminary analysis on the overall population characteristics with a concentration toward deducing key physical processes and identifying their source region for escaping the main belt. Augmenting our newly published measurements are the previously published results from the broad NEO community, including many results graciously shared by colleagues prior to formal publication. With this collective data set, we find the near-Earth population matches the diversity of the main-belt, with all main-belt taxonomic classes represented in our sample. Potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) as well as the subset of mission accessible asteroids (ΔV≤ 7 km/s) both appear to be a representative mix of the overall NEO population, consistent with strong dynamical mixing for the population that interacts most closely with Earth. Mars crossers, however, are less diverse and appear to more closely match the inner belt population from where they have more recently diffused. The fractional distributions of major taxonomic classes (60% S, 20% C, 20% other) appear remarkably constant over two orders of magnitude in size (10 km to 100 m), which is eight orders of magnitude in mass, though we note unaccounted bias effects enter into our statistics below about 500m. Given the range of surface ages, including possible refreshment by planetary encounters, we are able to identify a very specific space weathering vector tracing the transition from Q- to Sq- to S-types that follows the natural dispersion for asteroid spectra mapped into principal component space. We also are able to interpret a shock darkening vector that may account for some objects having featureless spectra. Space weathering effects for C-types are complex; these results are described separately by Lantz, Binzel, DeMeo. (2018, Icarus 302, 10-17). Independent correlation of dynamical models with taxonomic classes map the escape zones for NEOs to main-belt regions consistent with well established heliocentric compositional gradients. We push beyond taxonomy to interpret our visible plus near-infrared spectra in terms of the olivine and pyroxene mineralogy consistent with the H, L, and LL classes of ordinary chondrites meteorites. Correlating meteorite interpretations with dynamical escape region models shows a preference for LL chondrites to arrive from the ν6 resonance and H chondrites to have a preferential signature from the mid-belt region (3:1 resonance). L chondrites show some preference toward the outer belt, but not at a significant level. We define a Space Weathering Parameter as a continuous variable and find evidence for step-wise changes in space weathering properties across different planet crossing zones in the inner solar system. Overall we hypothesize the relative roles of planetary encounters, YORP spin-up, and thermal cycling across the inner solar system.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Björnsson, Lovisa, et al.
(author)
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Grass biomass as biofuel feedstock –sustainable or not?
- 2017
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In: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 25thEUBCE, June 2017. - 2282-5819. - 9788889407172 ; 2017, s. 39-40
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Low carbon input due to increasing specialization, intensification and reduced use of bio-fertilizer, leads to soil organic carbon (SOC) decreases in arable land. This is an emerging problem in Europe in general, where 45% of the EU soils have low and declining SOC content. SOC losses from agricultural soils influence soil fertility, putting food security at risk, and contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. An agricultural practice rendering loss of SOC is thus not sustainable in the long term, and measures must be taken to reverse this trend. However, existing policies for agriculture and biofuels address these issues in isolation, SOC impact is not considered when sustainability criteria for biofuels are defined in the EU renewable energy directive (RED). The aim of this study was to illustrate the relevance of SOC impact on integrated production of food and grass as energy crop for biofuel production. This diversification of current cereal dominated crop rotations proved an efficient tool to reverse SOC losses, simultaneously producing a grass-based biofuel with low climate impact. Since SOC-related aspects are excluded in EU RED, the GHG reduction calculated according to the directive does, however, not meet the 60% GHG reduction demand. This narrow perspective causes potentially interesting double benefits to be missed.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Börjesson, Pål, et al.
(author)
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Energy Crop-Based Biogas as Vehicle Fuel: The Impact of Crop Selection on Energy Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Performance
- 2015
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In: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 8:6, s. 6033-6058
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The production of biogas from six agricultural crops was analysed regarding energy efficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) performance for vehicle fuel from a field-to-tank perspective, with focus on critical parameters and on calculation methods. The energy efficiency varied from 35% to 44%, expressed as primary energy input per energy unit vehicle gas produced. The GHG reduction varied from 70% to 120%, compared with fossil liquid fuels, when the GHG credit of the digestate produced was included through system expansion according to the calculation methodology in the ISO 14044 standard of life cycle assessment. Ley crop-based biogas systems led to the highest GHG reduction, due to the significant soil carbon accumulation, followed by maize, wheat, hemp, triticale and sugar beet. Critical parameters are biogenic nitrous oxide emissions from crop cultivation, for which specific emission factors for digestate are missing today, and methane leakage from biogas production. The GHG benefits were reduced and the interrelation between the crops changed, when the GHG calculations were instead based on the methodology stated in the EU Renewable Energy Directive, where crop contribution to soil carbon accumulation is disregarded. All systems could still reach a 60% GHG reduction, due to the improved agricultural management when digestate replaces mineral fertilisers.
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| 25. |
- Börjesson, Pål, et al.
(author)
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Life Cycle Assessment of Biofuels in Sweden
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to carry out updated and developed life cycle assessments of biofuels produced and used in Sweden today. The focuses are on making the assessments as relevant and transparent as possible and to identify hot spots which have significant impacts on the environmental performance of the specific biofuel production chains. The study includes sensitivity analyses showing the impact on changed future conditions. The results should be seen as current and average environmental performance based on updated calculation methods. Thus individual systems developed by specific companies may have somewhat different performances. The biofuels analysed are ethanol from wheat, sugar beet and sugar cane (imported from Brazil), RME from rapeseed, biogas from sugar beet, ley crops, maize and organic residues, such as municipal waste, food industry waste and liquid manure. The study also includes co-production of ethanol and biogas from wheat. Final use in both light and heavy duty vehicles, and related emissions, are assessed. Environmental impact categories considered are climate change, eutrophication, acidification, photochemical oxidants, particles and energy balances. The calculations include emissions from technical systems, e.g. energy input in various operations and processes, and biogenic emissions of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide from direct land use changes (LUC). The potential risk of indirect land use changes (ILUC) is also assessed. By-products are included by three different calculation methods, system expansion, energy allocation and economic allocation. The results are presented per MJ biofuel, but the alternative functional unit per hectare cropland is also used regarding the greenhouse gas performance of crop-based biofuels. Finally, estimations are carried out regarding the current environmental performance of the current various biofuel systems based on system expansion, recommended by the ISO-standardisation of LCA, and energy allocation, utilised in the standardisation of biofuels within the EU’s Renewable Energy Directive (RED).
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| 26. |
- Börjesson, Pål, et al.
(author)
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Livscykelanalys av svenska biodrivmedel
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med detta projekt är att göra uppdaterade och utvecklade livscykelanalyser för biodrivmedel som är aktuella i Sverige idag. Fokus ligger på att göra så transparenta och relevanta jämförelser som möjligt och att lyfta fram de steg i livscykeln som signifikant påverkar respektive biodrivmedels miljöprestanda. I studien görs känslighetsanalyser som visar effekterna av t ex framtida förändrade produktions-förutsättningar. Studiens resultat ska tolkas som aktuell och genomsnittlig miljöprestanda för respektive biodrivmedel utifrån de utvecklade beräkningsmetoder som tillämpas idag, d v s det kan finnas vissa skillnader mot specifika produktionssystem som olika företag utnyttjar idag. De biodrivmedelssystem som inkluderas är etanol från vete, sockerbetor och sockerrör (import från Brasilien), RME från raps, biogas från sockerbetor, vall, majs samt från restprodukter i form av hushållsavfall, industriavfall och gödsel. Dessutom ingår samproduktion av etanol och biogas från vete. Utsläpp från såväl tunga som lätta fordon inkluderas. De miljöeffektkategorier som ingår är klimatpåverkan, övergödning, försurning, fotokemiska oxidanter (marknära ozon), partiklar samt energibalans. I beräkningarna beaktas utsläpp från tekniska system, framför allt från den insatsenergi som krävs, men också biogena utsläpp av lustgas och koldioxid från en direkt förändrad markanvändning. En analys görs av eventuella indirekta markeffekter utanför Sveriges gränser. Vid hantering av de restprodukter och biprodukter som fås i de olika systemen tillämpas tre olika beräkningsmetoder; systemutvidgning, energiallokering samt ekonomisk allokering. Resultaten presenteras per MJ drivmedel men en alternativ funktionell enhet, per hektar åkermark, redovisas också för klimatprestanda för drivmedel baserade på grödor. Avslutningsvis görs en bedömning av vilken miljöpåverkan respektive biodrivmedel ger upphov till idag, dels utifrån systemutvidgning som rekommenderas i ISO-standarden för LCA, dels utifrån energiallokering som utnyttjas som beräkningsmetod i EU´s Renewable Energy Directive (RED).
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Börjesson, Pål, et al.
(author)
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Systems perspectives on combined production of advanced biojet fuel and biofuels in existing industrial infrastructure in Sweden
- 2023
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In: Energy Conversion and Management: X. - 2590-1745. ; 19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper assesses the opportunities for resource- and energy-efficient biojet fuel production from forest-based biomass utilising existing industrial infrastructure in Sweden. Two categories of production pathways are considered: one including technologies that are certified for the production of biojet fuel, and the other uncertified technologies under development. Aspects included are production potential, regional balance between biomass feedstock and eligible host industries, potential demand and supply of biogas-based hydrogen for upgrading, economic incentives for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and future markets for the co-products generated. The overall conclusion is that energy integration through the use of combined heat and power plants, sawmills and pulp mills to produce biofuel intermediates leads to a lower net demand for biomass feedstock, which can be met by the long-term sustainable potential of forestry residues and sawdust. The regional balance between the long-term, sustainable availability of forestry residues and sawdust, and the demand at eligible host industries is good where over 80% of this demand can be met by regionally produced biomass feedstock. The biofuel intermediates can then be upgraded to biojet fuel in centralised refineries connected to the gas grid in the southwest of Sweden, and with current Swedish policy tools it is economically motivated to use biogas-based hydrogen. Co-product demand will not limit commercial development since the future markets are predicted to grow when replacing fossil counterparts. Thus, current policy tools that promote biojet fuel with low life-cycle GHG emissions provide important incentives for the commercial development of resource- and energy-efficient combined biojet fuel and biofuel production systems based on biomass residues and existing industrial infrastructure.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Calissendorff, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Long-Term Outcome of Graves' Disease : A Gender Perspective
- 2023
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In: Women's Health Reports. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 2688-4844. ; 4:1, s. 487-496
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: In gender-skewed conditions such as Graves' disease (GD), the outcome naturally becomes dominated by the majority. This may lead to gender-biased misunderstandings regarding treatment outcomes. This especially holds true when complications, such as depression, are unevenly distributed. We have, therefore, studied the long-term outcome of GD from a gender perspective.Materials and Methods: A cohort of 1186 patients with GD was included in a follow-up 6-10 years after inclusion. Choice of treatment, the feeling of recovery, long-term treatment, comorbidity, and quality of life were investigated with questionnaires. All results were studied sex-divided.Results: We included 973 women and 213 men. There was no difference between men and women in the choice of treatment. At follow-up, women scored significantly worse in the general questionnaire 36-item Short-Form Health Status (SF-36) domain bodily pain and in the thyroid-specific Thyroid-Related Patient-Reported Outcome (ThyPRO) domains depression, impaired sex life, and cosmetic complaints, all p < 0.05. Women were twice as likely (29.5%) to be treated with levothyroxine after successful treatment with antithyroid drugs (ATD) compared with men (14.9%, p < 0.05).Conclusion: After treatment for GD, women were more affected by depression, impaired sex life, cosmetic issues, and bodily pain despite successful cure of hyperthyroidism. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was also doubled in women. Whether these observed gender differences reflect a worse outcome of GD in women or a natural consequence of a higher prevalence of these symptoms and autoimmunity in the female population is difficult to disentangle. Nevertheless, several years after GD, women reveal more persistent symptoms.
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| 31. |
- Cerri, Perparim, et al.
(author)
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Serum CYR61 Levels are Associated with Graves' Ophthalmopathy and Smoking in Patients with Graves' Disease
- 2021
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In: Hormone and Metabolic Research. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0018-5043 .- 1439-4286. ; 54:3, s. 168-174
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Smoking is a well-known risk factor for Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) in patients suffering from Graves' disease (GD). Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61), which has multiple physiological functions, has been shown to be associated with GD and GO. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between smoking and CYR61 concentrations in GD patients with and without GO. Serum CYR61 was measured by ELISA. The association between CYR61 concentration and GO was assessed with binary logistic regression in all patients and in subgroups of smokers and nonsmokers. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlations between CYR61 concentration and clinical parameters. CYR61 levels were significantly higher in GD patients with GO than in patients without GO, in smokers than in nonsmokers and in individuals older than 50 years than in those younger than 50 years. The subgroup of GO smokers had the highest CYR61 levels [median (IQR), 119 pg/ml (129.8)], compared with GO nonsmokers [84.2 pg/ml (90.8), p=0.04], no GO smokers [88.9 pg/ml (109.8), p=0.01] and no GO nonsmokers [79.4 pg/ml (129.89), p=0.003]. For each unit increase in CYR61 concentration, the odds of having GO in smokers significantly and independently increased by 1% (OR=1.010; 95% CI: 1.002-1.018, p=0.012). In conclusion, our results indicate that smoking and age increase serum CYR61 levels in patients with GD and GO. The role of CYR61 as a predictor of GO in patients with GD should be evaluated in prospective studies.
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| 32. |
- Dahlgren, Sofia, 1992-
(author)
-
The role of biogas in a more sustainable energy system in Sweden
- 2019
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- There are numerous problems in the world that need to be dealt with in order to achieve sustainable development. The energy system has significant negative impacts on many of these problems, and there is a need for a transition towards more sustainable energy. Sweden has already started this transition and is using large amounts of renewable energy. However, within the transport sector and the manufacturing sector in particular, large amounts of fossil fuels are still used. Biogas is one alternative that can help solve several sustainability problems and that could be part of a future more sustainable energy system. However, it is not certain what biogas is most suitable to be used for.The aim of this thesis is to investigate how biogas should be used in a future more sustainable energy system, by answering three research questions: 1) In what ways can biogas be used in a more sustainable energy system? 2) How can we assess whether biogas is suitable in a specific context? and 3) What determines whether it is easy or difficult for a user to start using biogas? These questions are explored in a Swedish context using four appended articles, which are based on two collaborative projects using a combination of workshops, literature reviews and interviews.Biogas can be used for heat, electricity or fuel in the manufacturing or transport sector. In Sweden, heat and electricity are mainly of interest for smaller production scales, while production on larger scales will likely be dominated by upgrading mostly to CBG but also to LBG. CBG can be used for less energy-intensive purposes, such as cars or buses, while the growing interest in LBG in Sweden may open up new market segments for biogas which are more energy-intensive, such as heavy trucks or shipping, or in geographical locations that are further away from the site of production.Several sustainability assessment methods exist that can be used to evaluate whether biogas is suitable in a specific context, such as multi-criteria assessments or scenario analyses. These methods can include a number of different aspects that are relevant to biogas use, such as GHG emissions, safety issues, and the vitality of the surrounding region. In order to introduce biogas, six main factors were identified that can make this easier or more difficult: technical maturity, tank volume, distance between the producer and the user, scale of energy use, policies and costs, and strategies of individual organizations.Overall, the rise in LBG production creates new opportunities for biogas use in both geographical and usage areas that did not previously use biogas. There is no simple answer to what biogas should be used for in the future – rather, this depends on the circumstances. It is also possible that the usage areas that are most suitable now for biogas might not be the most suitable areas in the future, depending on developments within, for example, the electricity system and hydrogen. However, CBG and LBG are likely to dominate biogas production in Sweden until then.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Einarsson, Rasmus, 1988, et al.
(author)
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Estimating the EU biogas potential from manure and crop residues — A spatial analysis
- 2015
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Anaerobic fermentation of agricultural wastes such as crop residues and animal manure, producing biogas, is an example of an advanced biofuel that can contribute to the EU target of a minimum 10% of transport fuels from renewable sources in 2020. Producing biogas from residues has received increasing attention following the debate on the impact conventional biofuel production has on food prices, poverty and land-use change. The EU, as well as major producers of biogas such as Germany and Italy, are currently revising their policy framework to incentivize the sourcing of biogas substrates from waste streams.Given these developments it is important to improve our understanding of how large the potential is for producing biogas and biomethane from agricultural wastes in the EU, how that potential is distributed across member states, and what the main limitations to this potential are. Previous studies on the potential for producing biogas from agricultural wastes in the EU, however, have either been local cases studies that account for a host of detailed economic and technical constraints, an approach that is almost impossible to scale up to the EU level, or top-down assessments of gross substrate potentials that do not account for any of the technical and economic limitations specific to biogas production.In this report we present a spatially explicit approach for estimating the availability of agricultural wastes - crop residues and animal manure - across the EU, which also allows for an analysis of how key economic and technical constraints such as minimum viable plant size, maximum collection distances for substrates, and substrate composition affects the total potential for biogas production.Our main results from this analysis can be summarized as follows:* Total annually available biogas substrates from agricultural wastes in the EU28 amounts to roughly 80 million tonnes of crop residues (dry matter) and 110 million tonnes (dry matter) of animal manure.* In our base case scenario, three quarters of the manure and a fifth of the crop residues are technically and economically exploitable for biogas production, yielding a total biogas potential from agricultural wastes of almost 700 PJ (HHV) per year.* Animal production and arable farming are spatially highly segregated in some parts of the EU28. This leads to some areas having considerable surpluses of either dry, carbon-rich crop residues or nitrogen-rich manures which cannot be fully utilized due to technical constraints on dry matter content and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios. There are, however, potential ways to relax these constraints, for example using dry fermentation technology or adding wet, carbon-rich co-substrates, such as energy crops.* If we assume a larger minimum viable biogas plant size of 8 MW, typical if the biogas is to be upgraded to vehicle fuel quality, the potential decreases by about a quarter. However, the base case potential can still be reached or even surpassed under this constraint if one allows for a somewhat increased collection radius for substrates or if the constraint on maximum dry matter content is relaxed.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Ersson, Carolina
(author)
-
Conditions for resource-efficient production of biofuels for transport in Sweden
- 2014
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Transportation has continued to increase worldwide and fossil-fuel dependency is strong which leads to a number of problems, e.g. increased emissions of green-house gases (GHG) and risks related to energy security. Biofuels have until now been one of the few renewable alternatives which have been able to replace fossil fuels on a large scale. The biofuel share in relation to the total use of fuel in the transportation sector is still small, but in many places in the world political targets are set to increase the share of renewable fuels, of which biofuels are supposed to be an important part. Within the European Union targets for renewable energy have been set, including within the transportation sector, where 10% shall come from renewable sources by 2020 according to the EU Renewable Energy Directive (EU RES). Biofuels also need to fulfill the sustainability criteria in the EU RES, to be regarded as renewable. Depending on how biofuels are produced their resource efficiency varies, and the differences in environmental and economic performance can for instance be significant.The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze conditions for a development towards increased and more resource-efficient production of biofuels in Sweden. The conditions have been studied from a regional resource perspective and from a biofuel producer perspective since it has been assumed that the producers are in possession of important knowledge, and potentially will play an important role in future biofuel development. The concept of resource efficiency used in this thesis includes an environmental and economic perspective as well as an overall societal dimension to some extent. The region of Östergötland in Sweden was used for the assessment of the resourcefocused biofuel potential for the year 2030, where two scenarios based on assessments regarding socio-technical development in relation to regional resources were used. The scenarios were based on semi-structured interviews with biofuel actors, literature studies and information from experts in the field. In the EXPAN (Expansion) scenario a continued development in line with the current one was assumed, but also an increased availability of feedstock primarily within the agricultural and waste sectors (also including byproducts from industry) for biofuel production. In the INNTEK (Innovation and Technology development) scenario greater technological progress was assumed to also enable the use of some unconventional feedstock besides increased available arable land and improved collection/availability of certain feedstock. Biomass feedstock from four categories was included in the potential: waste, agriculture, forestry and aquatic environments. One important feedstock which was not included in this study, but which is often included in studies of potential, is lignocellulosic material from the forest. This choice was also supported by the regional actors who judged it as less probable that there will be any large-scale use of such feedstock for biofuels in this region within the given timeframe. Regarding arable land available for biofuel production a share of 30% was assumed at maximum in the region, of which 15% is already used for cereal production for ethanol fuel. On these additional 15% assumed to be available for biofuel production year 2030, ley cropping for production of biogas was assumed in this study. Aquatic biomass is often not included in biofuel potentials. Here, algae were assumed to be a potentially interesting substrate for biogas production since harvesting algae in for instance the Baltic Sea could be seen as a multifunctional measure, i.e., contributing additional environmental benefits such as reducing eutrophication. Based on the assumption that the energy need in the transportation sector will be the same in 2030 as in 2010, up to 30% could be substituted with biofuels in the EXPAN scenario and up to 50% in the INNTEK scenario, without seriously conflicting with other interests such as food or feed production. In the study of potential, production systems for biogas production were prioritized since such systems were judged to have a large potential for resource efficiency. This is because they have a big capacity to utilize by-products and waste as feedstock, and also because they can contribute to closing the loops of plant nutrients, seen as an important goal in society, if the digestate is returned to arable land.The utilization of by-products and waste however in many cases requires cooperation between different actors in society. Within the research field of industrial symbiosis, cooperation regarding material and energy flows is studied from different perspectives, e.g. how such cooperation between actors evolves and to what extent such cooperation can contribute to improving the environmental and economic performance of systems. Both these perspectives are interesting in relation to biofuels since production often involves a large number of energy- and material flows at the same time as resource efficiency is important. How the producers organize the production when it comes to feedstock, energy, by-products and products and what influences this is therefore interesting to study. In this thesis four biofuel producers of three different biofuels (ethanol, biodiesel and biogas) on the Swedish market were studied, focusing on how they organize their biofuel production in terms of e.g. their material and energy flows, and how they intend to organize it in the future. The study is based on semi-structured interviews with the biofuel producers as well as literature studies. In all the cases, a number of areas of material and energy flow cooperation were identified and it could also be concluded that there had been some change regarding these patterns over time. Looking into the future a clear change of strategy was identified in the ethanol case and partly also in the biodiesel case where a development towards improved valorisation and differentiation of by-product flows was foreseen. If such a “biorefinery” strategy is realized, it can potentially improve the economic viability and resource efficiency in these biofuel producers. In the biogas cases, instead a strategy to lower the costs for feedstock through the use of lower quality feedstock was identified. This strategy also has a potential to increase economic viability and improve the resource efficiency. However, the success of this strategy is to a large extent dependent on how the off-set of the biofertilizer can be arranged regarding the economic challenges that the biogas producers’ experience, and yet no strategy for implementation regarding this was identified. The EU Renewable Energy Directive was mentioned in relation to most cooperation projects and therefore regarded as an important critical factor. All of the studied companies also struggle to be competitive, for which reason the importance of the direct economic aspects of cooperation seems to increase.
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| 39. |
- Gissén, Charlott, et al.
(author)
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Comparing energy crops for biogas production Yields, energy input and costs in cultivation using digestate and mineral fertilisation
- 2014
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In: Biomass & Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2909 .- 0961-9534. ; 64, s. 199-210
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Analyses of six crops grown in southern Sweden for biogas production (hemp, sugar beet, maize, triticale, grass/clover ley, winter wheat) showed varying performance regarding methane yield per hectare and energy input and costs in the production and supply of crops as biogas feedstock. The highest biomass and biogas yield was observed for sugar beet. Crops with lower risk of negative environmental impact in cultivation, such as ley and hemp, produced less than half the methane energy yield per hectare. Triticale, also having less risk of negative environmental impact, gave an energy yield similar to that of winter wheat grain and maize. Replacing most of the mineral fertiliser with biogas digestate did not, with the exception for hemp, influence crop yields per hectare, but energy input in cultivation decreased by on average 34% for the six crops tested. For hemp and sugar beet the biogas feedstock costs for the freshly harvested crop per GJ methane were close to that of the economic reference crop, winter wheat grain. For maize, beet tops and first and second year ley, the feedstock costs were lower, and for triticale much lower. When ensiled crops were used for biogas the feedstock costs increased and only those of triticale silage remained slightly lower than the cost of dried wheat grain. However, all feedstock costs were so high that profitable biogas production based solely on ensiled crops would be difficult to achieve at present Swedish biogas sales prices. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 40. |
- Gustafsson, Rita, et al.
(author)
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A cross-sectional study of subclinical and clinical thyroid disorders in women with microscopic colitis compared to controls.
- 2013
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 48:12, s. 1414-1422
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract Background and aims. Microscopic colitis (MC), predominantly affecting women, is associated with thyroid disorders, although purely defined of which type, or compared with controls. Its association with subclinical thyroid disorders, and related increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, has never been examined. The aim was to examine the prevalence of autoantibodies and subclinical and clinical thyroid dysfunction in female patients with MC compared with controls. Methods. Women younger than 73 years old with biopsy-verified MC from the Department of Gastroenterology in Skåne, during 2002-2010, were invited. Out of 240 identified, 133 were finally included. A questionnaire about medical history was completed and blood samples were collected. Serum was analyzed for free thyroxin and triiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies. A population-based group of 737 women served as controls. Result. The prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients was higher compared to controls [odds ratio (OR) = 2.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.78-4.99], but the prevalence of subclinical disorders was not different (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.48-2.85). Anti-TPO antibodies were present in 10.6% of MC patients and 18.6% of controls. Twenty-five MC patients had hypothyroidism: 15 with Hashimoto´s hypothyroidism, 6 with completed treatment of thyrotoxicosis and 4 with completed surgery after nontoxic goiter. Conclusion. Thyroid disorders, autoimmune hypothyroidism being most frequent, are more prevalent in patients with MC than in controls, whereas the prevalence of subclinical thyroid disorders in MC patients does not differ significantly from controls.
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| 41. |
- Hagelsteen, Kristine, et al.
(author)
-
Faster acquisition of laparoscopic skills in virtual reality with haptic feedback and 3D vision
- 2017
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In: Minimally Invasive Therapy and Allied Technologies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1364-5706 .- 1365-2931. ; 26:5, s. 269-277
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The study investigated whether 3D vision and haptic feedback in combination in a virtual reality environment leads to more efficient learning of laparoscopic skills in novices.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty novices were allocated to two groups. All completed a training course in the LapSim(®) virtual reality trainer consisting of four tasks: 'instrument navigation', 'grasping', 'fine dissection' and 'suturing'. The study group performed with haptic feedback and 3D vision and the control group without. Before and after the LapSim(®) course, the participants' metrics were recorded when tying a laparoscopic knot in the 2D video box trainer Simball(®) Box.RESULTS: The study group completed the training course in 146 (100-291) minutes compared to 215 (175-489) minutes in the control group (p = .002). The number of attempts to reach proficiency was significantly lower. The study group had significantly faster learning of skills in three out of four individual tasks; instrument navigation, grasping and suturing. Using the Simball(®) Box, no difference in laparoscopic knot tying after the LapSim(®) course was noted when comparing the groups.CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic training in virtual reality with 3D vision and haptic feedback made training more time efficient and did not negatively affect later video box-performance in 2D. [Formula: see text].
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| 42. |
- Hallengren, Bengt, et al.
(author)
-
Pregnant Women on Thyroxine Substitution Are Often Dysregulated in Early Pregnancy.
- 2009
-
In: Thyroid. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-9077 .- 1050-7256. ; 19, s. 391-394
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Thyroid hormones are important for normal fetal development. Maternal hypothyroidism during early pregnancy is associated with impaired neuropsychological development of children and other adverse outcomes. The primary aim of this prospective study was to determine whether thyroxine-treated pregnant women with hypothyroidism are adequately thyroxine substituted in early pregnancy. A secondary aim was to determine if fetal loss differed between females with thyrotropin (TSH) values within and outside the reference range at their first TSH test, scheduled for 1-2 weeks after verification of pregnancy. Methods: This was a prospective open-labeled study. During the years 1997-2002, 119 consecutive pregnancies in 101 females with thyroid diseases were followed at the Department of Endocrinology, Malmö University Hospital. At the first visit, 63 patients, median age 30 years (range 17-45 years), were on thyroxine substitution therapy for hypothyroidism. In these patients 83% were in their first trimester at the time of the initial test. Results: Of the 63 patients on thyroxine substitution for hypothyroidism 32 (51%; Group A) patients had serum TSH values within the reference range at their initial test and 31 (49%; Group B) had serum TSH values outside the reference range. Twelve (19%) had TSH values of <0.40 mIU/L and 19 (30%) had TSH values of >4.0 mIU/l. The fetal loss was 2 of 32 (6%) in Group A compared to 9 of 31 (29%) in Group B (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In 49% of pregnant women on thyroxine substitution, serum TSH values were outside the reference range when first tested, generally in the first trimester. Fetal loss was significantly greater in pregnant women with abnormal TSH values compared to those with normal TSH values. Thyroid function in pregnant women on thyroxine substitution should be monitored early in pregnancy and carefully followed during pregnancy. The thyroxine dose should be increased as needed early in pregnancy to avoid hypothyroidism.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Johansson, Håkan T, 1977, et al.
(author)
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The unbound isotopes He-9,He-10
- 2010
-
In: Nuclear Physics A. - Elsevier : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 842:1-4, s. 15-32
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The unbound nuclei He-9 and He-10 have been produced in proton-knockout reactions from a 280 MeV/u Li-11 beam impinging on a liquid hydrogen target at the ALADIN-LAND setup at GSI. Information on their nuclear structure has been obtained from the relative-energy spectra, He-8 + n and He-8 + 2n, employing reaction models incorporating the structure of Li-11. The (8H)e + n relative-energy spectrum is dominated by a strong peak-like structure at low energy, which may be interpreted within the effective-range approximation as the result of an s-wave interaction with a neutron scattering length of -3.17(66) fm. This spectrum also shows evidence for resonance states at 1.33(8) MeV and at 2.4 MeV above the He-8 + n threshold. It is argued that the s-state might not be the He-9 ground state. For He-8 + n + n, the analysis of the relative-energy spectrum gives two alternative possibilities for an interpretation: either a narrow resonance at 1.42(10) MeV (Gamma = 1.11(76) MeV) superimposed on a correlated background, or two overlapping resonances, a ground state at 1.54(11) MeV (Gamma = 1.91(41) MeV) together with an excited state at 3.99(26) MeV (Gamma = 1.64(89) MeV). The two possible interpretations are discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Jonsdottir, Berglind, et al.
(author)
-
Prevalence of diabetes and presence of autoantibodies against zinc transporter 8 and glutamic decarboxylase at diagnosis and at follow up of Graves’ disease
- 2019
-
In: Endocrine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1355-008X .- 1559-0100. ; 64:1, s. 48-54
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this work was to investigate, in patients with newly diagnosed Graves’ disease (GD), the frequency of islet autoantibodies including autoantibodies against Zink transporter 8 (ZnT8A), as well as to investigate the relation between thyroid autoantibodies, islet autoantibodies and diabetes both before GD diagnosis and at follow-up. Methods: Blood samples from 278 patients with newly diagnosed GD were analyzed for autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA2-A), three variants of zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A), thyroid peroxidase (TPOA) and the TSH receptor (TRAb). Information on other autoimmune diseases, as well as development of diabetes during follow up was gathered from patient’s medical journal. Results: At GD diagnosis, 13.7% were positive for islet autoantibodies, with the majority being positive for GADA (8.7%) and ZnT8A (7.6%). TPOA were found positive in 71% and TRAb in 83%. No association was found between islet autoantibodies and thyroid autoantibodies or diabetes diagnosis during follow up. Positive association was found between islet autoantibodies and all forms of diabetes, diagnosed both before and after GD (OR: 2.5, CI: 1.1–6.8, p = 0.03) but not to other autoimmune diseases at GD diagnosis. Conclusions: The incidence of GADA and ZnT8A in patients with GD is high and might indicate wide range endocrine autoimmunity, as well as risk for non-autoimmune diabetes rather than exclusively mark beta cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes.
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| 48. |
- Khan, Jamil, et al.
(author)
-
Interaktion mellan elfordon och elnät : Policys, regelverk och aktörer: delrapport 1
- 2024
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Samhällets omställning till fossilfri energi innebär bland annat en ökad elektrifiering. I sin tur innebär en ökad elektrifiering också en högre efterfrågan på nya anslutningar till och behov av ökad kapacitet i elnätet. Syftet med delrapporten är att beskriva processen för att ansluta laddstationer till elnätet, den reglering som styr detta samt de olika aktörer som kan bli inblandade och vilka roller de kan ha. Beskrivningen baseras på en analys av litteratur och rapporter inom området och samtal med experter från näringslivet. Rapporten presenterar en översikt av det svenska elsystemet och aktörer från el- och transportsektorn som är påverkade av sammankopplingen mellan dessa sektorer. Vidare ger rapporten en beskrivning av nuvarande policys och regelverk i relation till anslutning av laddstationer till elnätet och en internationell utblick. Slutligen sammanfattas de viktigaste slutsatserna och rekommendationer tas upp som kan vidtas för att adressera de identifierade utmaningarna i elsystemet.
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| 49. |
- Khan, Jamil, et al.
(author)
-
Interaktion mellan elfordon och elnät : Policys, regelverk och aktörer (delrapport 1)
- 2024
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Samhällets omställning till fossilfri energi innebär bland annat en ökad elektrifiering. I sin tur innebär en ökad elektrifiering också en högre efterfrågan på nya anslutningar till och behov av ökad kapacitet i elnätet. Syftet med delrapporten är att beskriva processen för att ansluta laddstationer till elnätet, den reglering som styr detta samt de olika aktörer som kan bli inblandade och vilka roller de kan ha. Beskrivningen baseras på en analys av litteratur och rapporter inom området och samtal med experter från näringslivet. Rapporten presenterar en översikt av det svenska elsystemet och aktörer från el- och transportsektorn som är påverkade av sammankopplingen mellan dessa sektorer. Vidare ger rapporten en beskrivning av nuvarande policys och regelverk i relation till anslutning av laddstationer till elnätet och en internationell utblick. Slutligen sammanfattas de viktigaste slutsatserna och rekommendationer tas upp som kan vidtas för att adressera de identifierade utmaningarna i elsystemet.
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| 50. |
- Khan, Jamil, et al.
(author)
-
Transportsektorns utveckling
- 2024
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In: Perspektiv på bioenergi : Biomassans framtida roll i en föränderlig värld - Biomassans framtida roll i en föränderlig värld. - 1102-3651. - 9789186961596 ; :Rapport Nr 133, s. 61-70
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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