| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Sjöström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish obese subjects (SOS). Recruitment for an intervention study and a selected description of the obese state
- 1992
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. ; 19, s. 465-479
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Medicine, Sahlgren's Hospital, University of Göteborg, Sweden. SOS (Swedish obese subjects) is an on-going intervention trial designed to determine whether the mortality and morbidity rates among obese individuals who lose weight by surgical means (gastric banding, vertical banded gastroplasty and gastric by-pass) differ from the rates associated with conventional treatment. For this purpose, the study is recruiting a sample of obese men and women who constitute a registry of potential subjects from which the participants are drawn. Eligibility criteria for participation in the registry were: age at application 37-57 years and BMI greater than or equal to 34 kg/m2 for men and greater than or equal to 38 kg/m2 for women. Before receiving a health examination, all patients complete extensive questionnaires on current and past health status, utilization of medical care and medications, socio-economic status, psychological profiles, dietary habits, physical activity, weight history, and familial disposition to obesity. Each surgical case is matched to its optimal control in the registry, to ensure that the two groups do not differ systematically with respect to any of 18 matching variables that may affect prognosis. The first 1006 subjects included in the registry have been studied with respect to morbidity and compared with on-going population studies of men and women in Göteborg, Sweden. The relative risks of prevalent disease and symptoms associated with obesity in 50-year-old males and females respectively were 4.3 and 4.7 (dyspnoea), 14.7 and 11.8 (angina), 6.3 (myocardial infarction, males only), 2.1 and 4.5 (hypertension), 5.2 and 6.6 (diabetes), 4.6 and 26.1 (claudication) and 1.7 and 1.8 (gall bladder disease). Correspondingly, obese males and females display elevations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and uric acid levels. However, total cholesterol was not increased in obese males and was in fact significantly lower in obese compared with reference women. HDL-cholesterol was lower in obese than reference men (data were not available in reference women). The rate of taking sick pensions was over twice as high in SOS obese patients than in population controls. Finally, comparison of measurements with self-reported prevalence estimates revealed a considerable amount of previously undiagnosed hypertension and diabetes in the obese subjects. These data suggest that the excess health risks associated with obesity may not be fully appreciated. PMID: 1322873 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Lissner, Lauren, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Secular increases in waist-hip ratio among Swedish women
- 1998
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. ; 22, s. 1116-1120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, Sweden. INTRODUCTION: Secular increases in obesity have been documented in numerous populations. However, little is known about trends in fat distribution. Because men and women with elevated waist-hip ratios (WHR) constitute a high cardiovascular risk group, it is relevant to document secular changes in WHR. This paper compares WHR in three cohorts of women, one cohort recruited in the late 1960s and the others after 12 y and 24 y intervals. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In 1968-1969, a randomly selected sample of women aged of 38 y and 50 y, was given anthropometric examinations (n = 761, total). The same measurements were taken on representative cohorts aged 38 y and 50 y in 1980-1981 (n = 677) and 1992-1993 (n = 167). All analyses of trends in WHR as a function of time are age-specific and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted. RESULTS: An interesting feature of this population is that BMI was stable from 1968-1969 to 1992-1993. However, WHR increased significantly in those aged 38 y and 50 y, independent of BMI (P = 0.001, both ages). The source of these changes in WHR was a combination of increasing waist circumferences and decreasing hip circumferences. Skinfold measurements, taken only at the first two examinations, also increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: This female population appears to have experienced some changes in body shape and composition. However, we cannot explain the increasingly centralized fat patterning by changes in BMI, subcutaneous skinfold thickness or those obesity-related aspects of the modern lifestyle that we were able to measure. PMID: 9822951 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Ahlqwist, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Concentrations of blood, serum and urine components in relation to number of amalgam tooth fillings in Swedish women
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Community dentistry and oral apidemiology. ; 23, s. 217-221
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Radiology, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden. Altogether 1462 women aged 38, 46, 50, 54 and 60 yr were examined in 1968/69 in a combined medical and dental population study in Gothenburg, Sweden. Number of tooth surfaces restored with amalgam fillings was assessed. The examination was repeated in 1980/81 including a new dental examination. The results from a number of biochemical analyses of blood, serum and urine were analyzed for a possible statistical relationship to number of dental amalgam fillings. As emphasis has been put in the literature on special influence from amalgam on kidney function and on the immunological system, special attention was paid to variables which might reflect these functions in our analyses. When potential confounders were taken into consideration, no significant correlations remained which seemed to be of clinical importance. Specifically, amalgam fillings were not found to be associated with impairment of the kidney function or the immunological status. PMID: 7587142 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Bengtsson, Calle, 1934, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations of serum lipid concentrations and obesity with mortality in women: 20 year follow up of participants in prospective population study in Gothenburg, Sweden
- 1993
-
Ingår i: British Medical Journal. ; 307, s. 1385-1388
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. OBJECTIVE--To examine association of different measures of serum lipid concentration and obesity with mortality in women. DESIGN--Prospective observational study initiated in 1968-9, follow up examination after 12 years, and follow up study based on death certificates after 20 years. SETTING--Gothenburg, Sweden. SUBJECTS--1462 randomly selected women aged 38-60 at start of study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Total mortality and death from myocardial infarction as predicted by serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, body mass index, and ratio of circumference of waist to circumference of hips. RESULTS--170 women died during follow up, 26 from myocardial infarction. Serum triglyceride concentration and waist:hip ratio were significantly associated with both end points (relative risk of total mortality for highest quarter of triglyceride concentration v lower three quarters 1.86 (95% confidence interval 1.30 to 2.67); relative risk for waist:hip ratio 1.67 (1.18 to 2.36)). These associations remained after adjustment for background variables. Serum cholesterol concentration and body mass index were initially associated with death from myocardial infarction, but association was lost after adjustment for background variables. Serum triglyceride concentration and waist:hip ratio were independently predictive of both end points (logistic regression coefficient for total mortality for triglyceride 0.514 (SE 0.150), p = 0.0006; coefficient for waist:hip ratio 7.130 (1.92), p = 0.0002) whereas the other two risk factors were not (coefficient for total mortality for cholesterol concentration -0.102 (0.079), p = 0.20; coefficient for body mass index -0.051 (0.027), p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS--Lipid risk profile appears to be different in men and women given that serum triglyceride concentration was an independent risk factor for mortality while serum cholesterol concentration was not. Consistent with previous observations in men, localisation of adipose tissue was more important than obesity per se as risk factor in women. PMID: 8274890 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
| 13. |
- Bengtsson, Calle, 1934, et al.
(författare)
-
Diabetes incidence in users and non-users of antihypertensive drugs in relation to serum insulin, glucose tolerance and degree of adiposity: a 12-year prospective population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. ; 231, s. 583-588
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Gothenburg University, Sweden. As part of a prospective population study in Gothenburg, Sweden, women aged 50 years were subjected to an intravenous glucose tolerance test on entry to the study and followed up for 12 years. Manifest diabetes was the only end-point registered in this part of the study. Of 352 initially non-diabetic women, 17 (4.8%) subjects developed diabetes, with a fourfold increased risk in women taking antihypertensive drugs (diuretics or beta-blockers, or both) compared with women who were not taking such medication. The increased risk was observed independently of initially measured glucose metabolism variables and degree of adiposity, although the incidences were higher overall if the use of antihypertensive drugs was combined with fasting hyperinsulinaemia and adiposity. This study provides further evidence to support the view that diuretics and beta-blockers are precipitators of type 2 diabetes mellitus. PMID: 1352324 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Bergdahl, IA, et al.
(författare)
-
Methylmercury and inorganic mercury in serum--correlation to fish consumption and dental amalgam in a cohort of women born in 1922
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Environmental research. ; 77, s. 20-24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Sweden. Methylmercury in serum (S-MeHg) was assessed from serum concentrations of total (S-TotHg) and inorganic mercury (S-InoHg), determined by cold vapor-atomic absorption spectrometry. The samples were collected from 135 women on two occasions, in 1968-1969 and 1980-1981. In a subgroup of 29 women, an association was found between S-MeHg and the amount of fish consumed in 1968-1969 (r = 0.38, P = 0.04). The association was stronger (r = 0.50; P = 0.006) when the individuals' mean S-MeHg from 1968-1969 and 1980-1981 were plotted vs fish consumption 1968-1969. In the group, as a whole, there was an association between S-InoHg and number of dental amalgam surfaces, in both 1968-1969 (r = 0.48, P = 0.0001) and 1980-1981 (r = 0.57, P < 0.0001). The S-InoHg increased by approximately 0.1 nmol/L per amalgam tooth surface, corresponding to an uptake of approximately 0.2 microgram/day per amalgam surface, but with considerable interindividual differences. The levels were lower in 1980-1981 than in 1968-1969 for both MeHg and InoHg. The medians and ranges (nmol/L) were for MeHg 1968-1969: 3.6 (0.3-11.9); MeHg 1980-1981, 2.0 (-0.4-8.7); InoHg 1968-1969, 3.3 (0.7-11.8); InoHg 1980-1981, 1.7 (0.1-11.8); TotHg 1968-1969, 7.2 (1.9-18.8); and TotHg 1980-1981, 3.9 (1.0-14.2). The decrease in S-MeHg is probably due to a decreased consumption of MeHg via contaminated fish. The decrease in S-InoHg may reflect a decrease in environmental exposure, but the possibility of contamination of the 1968-1969 samples at sampling and/or storage cannot be excluded. PMID: 9593624 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
| 16. |
- Björkelund, Cecilia, 1948, et al.
(författare)
-
Reproductive history in relation to relative weight and fat distribution
- 1996
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. ; 20, s. 213-219
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between reproductive history and body composition. DESIGN: Prospective population study in Sweden. SUBJECTS: 1462 randomly selected women representing five separate age cohorts (38, 46, 50, 54 and 60 at the 1968-1969 baseline examination) have been followed longitudinally. MEASUREMENTS: Relative weight, fat distribution, and fat cellularity were related to menarche, parity, lactation, menopause and oestrogen medication. RESULTS: Age of menarche did not show any association with subsequent fat distribution, nor did length of lactation time. On the other hand parity was positively associated to total as well as central obesity, and lactation time was positively associated to abdominal fat cell diameter. Premenopausal women showed higher mean body weight and hip circumference than postmenopausal women of the same age. Change from pre- to postmenopausal status was associated with increase of waist circumference as well as reduction of hip circumference, resulting in an increased waist-hip ratio (WHR). Oestrogen replacement suggested some postponement of this increase. CONCLUSION: Parity and menopause are the reproductive factors most associated with gradual changes in body fat distribution. Oestrogen medication seems to play an additional role in diminishing waist circumference increase and could thus contribute to decreased cardiovascular morbidity in women. PMID: 8653141 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
| 17. |
- Björkelund, Cecilia, 1948, et al.
(författare)
-
Sleep disturbances in midlife unrelated to 32-year diabetes incidence: the prospective population study of women in Gothenburg
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Diabetes Care. ; 28, s. 2739-2744
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. cecilia.bjorkelund@allmed.gu.se OBJECTIVE: To study the relation between diabetes incidence and sleep problems in a population-based sample of women followed for 32 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The researchers conducted a prospective population study initiated in 1968-1969, with follow-ups in 1974-1975, 1980-1981, 1992-1993, and 2000-2001 in Gothenburg, Sweden. A total of 1,462 women born in 1908, 1914, 1918, 1922, and 1930, representative of women of the same ages in the general population, initially participated (90% participation rate). Reported sleep duration, sleep problems, and use of sleeping medication were related to incident diabetes from 1968 to 2000. Associations between sleep problems and diabetes were corrected for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), BMI, subscapular skinfold, fasting blood glucose and serum lipid concentrations, blood pressure, heart rate, smoking, physical activity, education, and socioeconomic status. Additionally, associations between BMI, WHR, and sleep problems were examined. RESULTS: Over 32 years, 126 women (8.7%) developed diabetes. Associations between diabetes and initial sleep problems were tested in a Cox regression analysis, taking into consideration factors associated (P < 0.1) with diabetes. Sleep problems in 1968 did not increase risk of developing diabetes during the following 32 years. Obesity, particularly centralized, was associated with sleep problems. CONCLUSIONS: No association between sleep problems and developing diabetes was seen in this 32-year follow-up of middle-aged women. Obesity, on the other hand, known to cause increased risk of diabetes, was associated with current sleep problems. PMID: 16249549 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
| 18. |
- Brem, Rachel F., et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing Improvement in Detection of Breast Cancer with Three-dimensional Automated Breast US in Women with Dense Breast Tissue : The Somoinsight Study
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Radiology. - : Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). - 0033-8419 .- 1527-1315. ; 274:3, s. 663-673
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To determine improvement in breast cancer detection by using supplemental three-dimensional (3D) automated breast (AB) ultrasonography (US) with screening mammography versus screening mammography alone in asymptomatic women with dense breasts. Materials and Methods: Institutional review board approval and written informed consent were obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study. The SomoInsight Study was an observational, multicenter study conducted between 2009 and 2011. A total of 15 318 women (mean age, 53.3 years +/- 10 [standard deviation]; range, 2594 years) presenting for screening mammography alone with heterogeneously (50%75%) or extremely (>75%) dense breasts were included, regardless of further risk characterization, and were followed up for 1 year. Participants underwent screening mammography alone followed by an AB US examination; results were interpreted sequentially. McNemar test was used to assess differences in cancer detection. Results: Breast cancer was diagnosed at screening in 112 women: 82 with screening mammography and an additional 30 with AB US. Addition of AB US to screening mammography yielded an additional 1.9 detected cancers per 1000 women screened (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2, 2.7; P < .001). Of cancers detected with screening mammography, 62.2% (51 of 82) were invasive versus 93.3% (28 of 30) of additional cancers detected with AB US (P = .001). Of the 82 cancers detected with either screening mammography alone or the combined read, 17 were detected with screening mammography alone. Of these, 64.7% (11 of 17) were ductal carcinoma in situ versus 6.7% (two of 30) of cancers detected with AB US alone. Sensitivity for the combined read increased by 26.7% (95% CI: 18.3%, 35.1%); the increase in the recall rate per 1000 women screened was 284.9 (95% CI: 278.0, 292.2; P < .001). Conclusion: Addition of AB US to screening mammography in a generalizable cohort of women with dense breasts increased the cancer detection yield of clinically important cancers, but it also increased the number of false-positive results. (C)RNSA, 2014.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Harvey, Nicholas C., et al.
(författare)
-
Measures of Physical Performance and Muscle Strength as Predictors of Fracture Risk Independent of FRAX, Falls, and aBMD : A Meta-Analysis Of The Osteoporotic Fractures In Men (MrOS) Study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 33:12, s. 2150-2157
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measures of muscle mass, strength, and function predict risk of incident fractures, but it is not known whether this risk information is additive to that from FRAX (fracture risk assessment tool) probability. In the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study cohorts (Sweden, Hong Kong, United States), we investigated whether measures of physical performance/appendicular lean mass (ALM) by DXA predicted incident fractures in older men, independently of FRAX probability. Baseline information included falls history, clinical risk factors for falls and fractures, femoral neck aBMD, and calculated FRAX probabilities. An extension of Poisson regression was used to investigate the relationship between time for five chair stands, walking speed over a 6 m distance, grip strength, ALM adjusted for body size (ALM/height(2)), FRAX probability (major osteoporotic fracture [MOF]) with or without femoral neck aBMD, available in a subset of n = 7531), and incident MOF (hip, clinical vertebral, wrist, or proximal humerus). Associations were adjusted for age and time since baseline, and are reported as hazard ratios (HRs) for first incident fracture per SD increment in predictor using meta-analysis. 5660 men in the United States (mean age 73.5 years), 2764 men in Sweden (75.4 years), and 1987 men in Hong Kong (72.4 years) were studied. Mean follow-up time was 8.7 to 10.9 years. Greater time for five chair stands was associated with greater risk of MOF (HR 1.26; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.34), whereas greater walking speed (HR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.90), grip strength (HR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.82), and ALM/height(2) (HR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.90) were associated with lower risk of incident MOF. Associations remained largely similar after adjustment for FRAX, but associations between ALM/height(2) and MOF were weakened (HR 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.99). Inclusion of femoral neck aBMD markedly attenuated the association between ALM/height(2) and MOF (HR 1.02; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.10). Measures of physical performance predicted incident fractures independently of FRAX probability. Whilst the predictive value of ALM/height(2) was substantially reduced by inclusion of aBMD requires further study, these findings support the consideration of physical performance in fracture risk assessment.
|
|
| 21. |
- Helgesson, Ö, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-reported stress levels predict subsequent breast cancer in a cohort of Swedish women
- 2003
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. ; 12 (5), s. 377-381
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Department of Primary Health Care, Göteborg, Sweden. The association between stress and breast cancer has been studied, mostly using case-control designs, but rarely examined prospectively. The purpose of this paper is to describe the role of stress as a predictor of subsequent breast cancer. A representative cohort of 1,462 Swedish women aged 38-60 years were followed for 24 years. Stress experience at a baseline examination in 1968-69 was analysed in relation to incidence of breast cancer with proportional hazards regression. Women reporting experience of stress during the five years preceding the first examination displayed a two-fold rate of breast cancer compared with women reporting no stress (age-adjusted relative risk 2.1; 95% CI [1.2-3.7]). This association was independent of potential confounders including reproductive and lifestyle factors. In conclusion, the significant, positive relationship between stress and breast cancer in this prospective study is based on information that is unbiased with respect to knowledge of disease, and can be regarded as more valid than results drawn from case-control studies. PMID: 14512802 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Lapidus, L, et al.
(författare)
-
Alcohol intake among women and its relationship to diabetes incidence and all-cause mortality: the 32-year follow-up of a population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Diabetes Care. ; 28, s. 2230-2235
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Sahlgrenska Uni, Göteborg University, Box 454 S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. leif.lapidus@swipnet.se OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to explore the predictive value of women's alcohol habits in relation to incidence of diabetes and all-cause mortality. Special attention was paid to potential confounding factors such as age, heredity, education, socioeconomic group, physical inactivity, smoking, blood pressure, serum lipids, and, in particular, obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A longitudinal population study consisting of a representative sample of 1,462 women aged 38-60 started in Göteborg, Sweden, in 1968-1969 monitoring for diabetes and mortality over 32 years. RESULTS: Alcohol intake, expressed as intake of wine, hard liquor, or total grams of alcohol, was significantly negatively associated to 32-year diabetes incidence independent of age. However, the apparently protective effect of the alcohol variables was attenuated when BMI was included as a covariate. The inverse relationship between wine intake and diabetes did not remain after adjustment for physical activity or socioeconomic group. Beer and wine intake were significantly negatively associated to mortality. Increase of alcohol intake between the examination in 1968-1969 and 1980-1981 was significantly inversely related to the mortality between 1980-1981 and 2000-2001 and independent of all covariates. No relationship was observed between an increase in alcohol intake and diabetes incidence. However, after adjustment for age, family history, and basal alcohol consumption altogether, a significant inverse relationship was observed between increase of alcohol and diabetes incidence. CONCLUSIONS: The initially significant inverse associations observed between alcohol and diabetes as well as mortality were dependent on a number of confounding factors, of which BMI seems to be the most important. PMID: 16123495 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Lapidus, L, et al.
(författare)
-
Family history of diabetes in relation to different types of obesity and change of obesity during 12-yr period. Results from prospective population study of women in Göteborg, Sweden
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Diabetes Care. ; 15 (11), s. 1455-1458
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Medicine II, University of Göteborg, Sahlgren's Hospital, Sweden. OBJECTIVE--To assess the relationship between family history and different types of obesity and change in obesity in a longitudinal population study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--A longitudinal population study of 1462 randomly selected women (38-60 yr old) was conducted in Göteborg, Sweden, in 1968-69. The women were restudied after 12 yr. RESULTS--A family history of diabetes in mothers but not fathers showed, in univariate analysis, a significant positive association with obesity expressed as BMI. A family history of diabetes in the mothers was inversely related to body fat distribution expressed as WHR. No other association was observed between family history of diabetes and WHR. The association with BMI was independent of age, WHR, smoking habits, blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, maternal obesity, and the incidence of diabetes during the 12-yr follow-up period. Twelve years later, in 1980-1981, an independent association still existed between family history for diabetes and BMI measured at that examination, whereas there was no relationship with WHR. Women who had a family history of diabetes increased their BMI significantly more during the 12-yr follow-up compared with the women without a family history of diabetes, whereas there was no difference for the change of WHR. Family history of coronary heart disease and family history of cancer did not correlate to any kind of obesity. CONCLUSIONS--These findings indicate that family history of diabetes is related to overall obesity but not to abdominal adiposity per se. PMID: 1468270 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Lissner, Lauren, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy and macronutrient intake in relation to cancer incidence among Swedish women
- 1992
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ; 46, s. 501-507
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Gothenburg University, Sweden. Two dietary reporting methods were used to examine associations between macronutrient intake and subsequent cancer incidence in a cohort of Swedish women born between 1908 and 1930. 1361 subjects gave 23-h dietary recalls at their baseline examinations in 1968-1969, and 412 of them also provided detailed dietary histories. The cohort was followed up 19 years later by means of linkages with the National Cancer and Death Registries. Both dietary methods indicated that subjects who were ranked in the highest tertile of energy intake, relative to the lowest, were at significantly greater risk of developing cancer (all-site). Relative risks across energy intake tertiles were 1, 1.15 and 2.04, respectively, using the dietary history method and 1, 1.02 and 1.55 using the 24-h recall data. Examination of specific macronutrient energy sources indicated that dietary fat and carbohydrate are likely to have made the largest contribution to this association. However, after adjustment for total energy, none of the individual macronutrients was significantly associated with all-site cancer, by either dietary reporting method. When expressed as a percentage of total energy, low protein density of the diet was associated with increased cancer risk, by both dietary methods. However, this appeared to be a function of high energy intake rather than low protein intake. Simultaneous statistical adjustment for seven potential confounders of the association between energy intake and cancer was performed using both the 24-h recall and the dietary history data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID: 1623854 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
| 31. |
- Lissner, Lauren, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Smoking initiation and cessation in relation to body fat distribution based on data from a study of Swedish women
- 1992
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Public Health. ; 82, s. 273-275
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. In a representative sample of Swedish women, smokers were significantly less obese than nonsmokers. However, a smoker was likely to have significantly more upper-body fat than a nonsmoker of similar body mass index. Women who quit smoking experienced less upper-body fat deposition than would be expected by their accompanying weight gain, suggesting that weight gained as a consequence of smoking cessation is not preferentially deposited in the region associated with increased cardiovascular risk. PMID: 1739163 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Mehlig, Kirsten, 1964, et al.
(författare)
-
Physical Activity, Weight Status, Diabetes and Dementia: A 34-Year Follow-Up of the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Neuroepidemiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0251-5350 .- 1423-0208. ; 42:4, s. 252-259
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is evidence of a synergistic interaction between obesity and sedentary lifestyle with respect to diabetes. Although diabetes is a known risk factor for dementia, it is unclear if both diseases have common aetiologies. Methods: A community-based sample of 1,448 Swedish women, aged 38-60 years and free of diabetes and dementia in 1968, was followed by means of up to 5 examinations spread over 34 years. 9.6% of all women developed diabetes and 11.4% developed dementia (over 40,000 person-years of follow-up for each disease). Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the influence of selected risk factors on both diseases, and the relation between diabetes and dementia. Results: Comparing risk factors for incident diabetes and dementia, both diseases showed a synergistic association with obesity combined with a low level of leisure time physical activity [hazard ratio (HR) for interaction = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 1.2-6.3 for diabetes and HR = 3.3, 95% Cl = 1.1-9.9 for dementia]. Development of diabetes doubled the risk for subsequent dementia (HR = 2.2, 95% Cl = 1.1-4.4), which was slightly reduced upon adjustment for common risk factors. Conclusions: Shared risk factors suggest a similar aetiology for diabetes and dementia and partially explain the association between diseases. (C) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
- Rosengren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Inferior physical performance test results of 10,998 men in the MrOS Study is associated with high fracture risk.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Age and ageing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1468-2834 .- 0002-0729. ; 41:3, s. 339-44
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: most fractures are preceded by falls. Objective: the aim of this study was to determine whether tests of physical performance are associated with fractures. Subjects: a total of 10,998 men aged 65 years or above were recruited. Methods: questionnaires evaluated falls sustained 12 months before administration of the grip strength test, the timed stand test, the six-metre walk test and the twenty-centimetre narrow walk test. Means with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) are reported. P < 0.05 is a statistically significant difference. Results: fallers with a fracture performed worse than non-fallers on all tests (all P < 0.001). Fallers with a fracture performed worse than fallers with no fractures both on the right-hand-grip strength test and on the six-metre walk test (P < 0.001). A score below –2 standard deviations in the right-hand-grip strength test was associated with an odds ratio of 3.9 (95% CI: 2.1–7.4) for having had a fall with a fracture compared with having had no fall and with an odds ratio of 2.6 (95% CI: 1.3–5.2) for having had a fall with a fracture compared with having had a fall with no fracture. Conclusion: the right-hand-grip strength test and the six-metre walk test performed by old men help discriminate fallers with a fracture from both fallers with no fracture and non-fallers.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
- Sullivan, Marianne, 1943, et al.
(författare)
-
"The Göteborg Quality of Life Instrument"--a psychometric evaluation of assessments of symptoms and well-being among women in a general population
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. ; 11, s. 267-275
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Health Care Research Unit, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden. OBJECTIVE--To examine with psychometric analysis techniques the potential for constructing valid composite variables of "The Göteborg Quality of Life Instruments". DESIGN--Prospective population study of women in 1974-75 and in 1980-81. SETTING--City of Göteborg, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS--Representative samples of the general population of women in five age strata between 44 and 66 years of age in 1974-75, followed 1980-81 including new cohorts of women aged 26 and 38. 1302 women were examined in 1974-75 and 1408 in 1980-81. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--"The Göteborg Quality of Life instrument", constructed in the early 1970s to measure symptoms and well-being in a population study of men. RESULTS--Four multi-item scales were identified with satisfactory reliability and validity, i.e., they met defined criteria of multi-item scales and benefit from higher reliability than single questions. The psychological symptom scale comprised all ten questions intended to reflect depression and tension, while the physical symptom scale included all six pain questions, the general symptoms dizziness, breathlessness, and nausea, and general fatigue that belonged to both symptom scales. The social well-being scale comprises all well-being questions believed to reflect the broad concept of life satisfaction. The physical-mental wellbeing scale reflected satisfaction with both general and mental health. Several symptom and well-being questions were clearly outside the main clusters and should be treated as single items. CONCLUSIONS--Use of a few, distinct scales instead of a number of single questions should increase statistical power because the number of comparisons is greatly reduced and problems of chance findings are thus minimized. PMID: 8146511 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
|
| 45. |
- Tilden, Ellen L., et al.
(författare)
-
Latent phase duration and associated outcomes : a contemporary, population-based observational study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9378 .- 1097-6868. ; 228:5, s. 1025-1036
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Little is known about the latent phase of labor, including whether its duration influences subsequent labor processes or birth outcomes.Objective: This study aimed to describe the duration of the latent phase of labor from self-report of the onset of painful contractions to a cervical dilation of 5 cm in a large, Swedish population and evaluate the association between the duration of the latent phase of labor and perinatal processes and outcomes that occurred during the active phase of labor, second stage of labor, birth and immediately after delivery, stratified by parity.Study Design: This was a population-based cohort study of 67,267 pregnancies with deliveries between 2008 and 2020 in the Stockholm -Gotland Regions, Sweden. Nulliparous and parous women without a history of cesarean delivery in spontaneous labor with a term (>= 37 weeks of gestation), singleton, live, and vertex fetus without major malformations were included. Imputation was used if the notation of the end of the latent phase of labor (ie, cervical dilation of 5 cm) was missing in the partograph. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association with adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, controlling for po-tential covariates.Results: Including the time from painful contraction onset to a cervical dilation of 5 cm, the median durations of the latent phase of labor were 16.0 (interquartile range, 10.0-26.6) hours for nulliparous women and 9.4 (interquartile range, 5.9-15.3) hours for multiparous women. The durations of the latent phase of labor beyond the median were associated with increased odds of labor dystocia diagnosis during the first stage active phase or second stage of labor and interventions commonly associated with dystocia (amniotomy, oxytocin augmentation, epidural, and cesarean delivery). The duration of the latent phase of labor of >90th percentile vs less than the median in nulliparous women demonstrated an increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes (Apgar score of <7 at 5 minutes and neonatal intensive care unit admission), chorioamnionitis, and fetal occiput posterior. In multiparous women, longer duration of the latent phase of labor was associated with an increased risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission and cho-rioamnionitis but was not associated with an Apgar score of <7 at 5 minutes. The duration of the latent phase of labor was not associated with additional markers of maternal risk.Conclusion: The duration of the latent phase of labor in nulliparous women was longer than that of multiparous women at each point of distribution. A longer duration of the latent phase of labor was associated with more frequent dystocia diagnoses and related interventions during the first stage active phase or second stage of labor, including cesarean delivery, nulliparous fetal occiput posterior position, chorioamnionitis, and markers of neonatal morbidity. More research is needed to identify po-tential mediating paths between the duration of the latent phase of labor and neonatal morbidity.
|
|
| 46. |
- Wahlander, K, et al.
(författare)
-
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical effects of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran in acute treatment of patients with pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Thrombosis Research. - 1879-2472. ; 107:3-4, s. 93-99
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Ximelagatran is a novel, oral direct thrombin inhibitor that is currently being investigated for the prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic events. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical effects of melagatran, the active form of ximelagatran, in patients with both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Materials and methods: In this open-label study, 12 patients received a fixed dose of 48 mg oral ximelagatran twice daily for 6-9 days. Plasma samples were collected for determination of melagatran concentrations and scintigraphic changes and adverse events were recorded. Results: Peak plasma concentrations of melagatran were attained approximately 2 h after administration of ximelagatran. Melagatran plasma concentration profiles were similar on Days 1, 2, and 6-9. Plasma activated partial thromboplastin time increased following administration of ximelagatran and reached a peak that was approximately twofold higher than the predose activated partial thromboplastin time and correlated with melagatran plasma concentrations (R-2 = 0.69). All but one patient (with malignancy) showed regressed or unchanged lung scintigraphic findings, and six of these demonstrated no, or only minor, perfusion defects at central evaluation after 6-9 days of ximelagatran treatment. Clinical symptoms, including chest pain, dyspnoea, cough, and oedema, and pain in the affected leg, were improved. Ximelagatran was well tolerated with no deaths or severe bleeding events reported during treatment. Conclusion: Treatment with a fixed dose of oral ximelagatran, used without routine coagulation monitoring, showed reproducible pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with a rapid onset of action and promising clinical results in patients with pulmonary embolism.
|
|
