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| 3. |
- Pelto-Piri, Veikko, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Violence and aggression in psychiatric inpatient care in Sweden : a critical incident technique analysis of staff descriptions
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6963. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Violence towards staff working in psychiatric inpatient care is a serious problem. The aim of the present study was to explore staff perspectives of serious violent incidents involving psychiatric inpatients through the following research questions: Which factors contributed to violent incidents, according to staff? How do staff describe their actions and experiences during and after violent incidents?METHODS: We collected data via a questionnaire with open-ended questions, and captured 283 incidents reported by 181 staff members from 10 inpatient psychiatric wards in four different regions. We used the Critical Incident Technique to analyse the material. Our structural analysis started by structuring extracts from the critical incidents into descriptions, which were grouped into three chronological units of analyses: before the incident, during the incident and after the incident. Thereafter, we categorised all descriptions into subcategories, categories and main areas.RESULTS: Staff members often attributed aggression and violence to internal patient factors rather than situational/relational or organisational factors. The descriptions of violent acts included verbal threats, serious assault and death threats. In addition to coercive measures and removal of patients from the ward, staff often dealt with these incidents using other active measures rather than passive defence or de-escalation. The main effects of violent incidents on staff were psychological and emotional. After violent incidents, staff had to continue caring for patients, and colleagues provided support. Support from managers was reported more rarely and staff expressed some dissatisfaction with the management.CONCLUSIONS: As a primary prevention effort, it is important to raise awareness that external factors (organisational, situational and relational) are important causes of violence and may be easier to modify than internal patient factors. A secondary prevention approach could be to improve staff competence in the use of de-escalation techniques. An important tertiary prevention measure would be for management to follow up with staff regularly after violent incidents and to increase psychological support in such situations.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Inomhusklimat och riskkommunikation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Allergi i praksis. - Oslo : Astma och allergiförbundet. - 0806-5462. ; :2, s. 52-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
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| 5. |
- Brehmer, Berndt, et al.
(författare)
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Learning and hypothesis testing in probabilistic inference tasks
- 1985
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 26:4, s. 305-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relation between learning of probabilistic inference tasks and the availability of correct hypotheses for the tasks in individual subjects was investigated in two experiments. The results showed that having the correct hypotheses as measured before learning the tasks was neither a sufficient nor a necessary condition for learning the task. It was concluded that the hypothesis measurements are not reliable enough to allow predictions on an individual level. The results also showed that subjects have not only the four basic functions: positive linear, negative linear, U-shaped and inversely U-shaped, in their hypothesis hierarchies but also J-shaped functions. That the subjects can leam such functions is thus no discodinnation of the hypotheses sampling conception of learning as assumed in earlier studies.
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| 6. |
- Hansson, Per, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Arbetsmiljön i samfunden ifrågasatt
- 2014
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Ingår i: Svensk kyrkotidning. - 0346-2153. ; 110:10, s. 299-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Pousette, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Improved edge design for stress-laminated decks made of spruce
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stress-laminated bridge decks in Sweden are usually made of glulam beams of spruce and it is therefore crucial to avoid moisture as the wood has no impregnation that can protect it from decay. Typically the protection of the deck consists of a waterproof bitumen sheet under the asphalt layers on the top surface and of claddings along the edges. The aim of this work was to study the risk of damages and how to ensure the function of the deck plates. The adhesion of bitumen sheets and the effect of different primers was studied. The design at the edges was studied and an improved solution with a steel angle along the deck edge was developed and tested. The improved design should be robust and easy to install to always assure a correct performance. The new design has been developed within the European research project DuraTB - Durable Timber Bridges and is now included in general recommendations for timber bridges in Sweden.
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| 10. |
- Warg, Lars-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Christian Denominations in Central Sweden: sick leave, work enviornment and ill-health
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Results in research and statistics in Sweden strongly suggest that the work environment in christian churches could be improved. Fuzzy leadership, in-built structural conflicts and inadequate internal communication are apparent. This study takes its departure from this and examines the work environment in four different christian denominations in central Sweden. The specific aim is to study the reasons behind long term sick leave in order to provide preventive measures to avoid ill-health. The study will be conducted in three phases. In Phase I, data from Statistics Sweden will be compared to information from self-administered questionnares. In Phase II, a questionnaire on psychosocial work environment and health will be distributed to all those employed in the four denominations. In Phase III, interviews with church staff, politicians, trade unions and health workers will be conducted. By integrating all the data, ways to improve the work environment for those employed will be presented.
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| 12. |
- Warg, Lars-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Kriterier för effektiv riskkommunikation : – Sanering av förorenade områdenNy rättad utgåva
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här rapporten handlar om riskkommunikation i samband med sanering av förorenad mark. Det finns en koncentration på att finna de grundläggande kriterierna för en effektiv riskkommunikation snarare än att framställa guidelines till olika grupper med detaljerade råd. Situationerna är olika och råden kan därför variera – men följer man de grundläggande kriterier som redovisas, har man också goda möjligheter att åstadkomma en effektiv riskkommunikation. Den här rapporten ska ses som nära kopplad till den som WSP utgav med titeln ”Vem kan man lita på?” som ger många kloka och praktiska råd och som också faller under Naturvårdsverkets projektprogram Hållbar Sanering. I några inledande avsnitt ges en bakgrund till vikten av trovärdighet vid riskkommunikation, teori och tillämpningar genom att ett antal modeller redovisas samt en bakgrund till begreppen oro och trygghet. I ett kapitel redovisas resultaten från fyra empiriska studier. I två fallstudier prövades och utvecklades en modell som projektgruppen är välbekant med. Den bygger på Peter Sandmans Outrage Factor Model (Indignationsmodellen). Rapporten redovisar även tentativa prövningar av att empiriskt greppa språkets betydelse vid riskkommunikation. Detta gjordes via en enkät i samband med tre föreläsningstillfällen. I en större empirisk ansats distribuerades en enkät till 2000 personer i samarbete med SCB. Målgrupper var dels orter där man i media speglat problem/konflikter i samband med marksanering och dels orter där några sådana artiklar knappast förekommit i lokala media. Resultaten samlades in och redovisades i såväl kvantitativ som kvalitativ form. Inte minst stödde den kvalitativa analysen av data att språket är av stor betydelse när man kommunicerar om risker i samhället. I ett slutkapitel redovisas sex grundläggande kriterier för effektiv riskkommunikation. Dessa är: 1) Snabb och korrekt information till berörda, 2) Möta medias eventuella informationsbehov, 3) Transparens, ingen dold agenda, 4) Personligt möte med den mest berörda gruppen av människor, 5) Redovisa planerade åtgärder, 6) Involvera människor i riskkommunikationen. Några vägar för framtida forskning som rapporten förordar är betydelsen av språket som används vid riskkommunikation samt också relevansen av begreppet trygghet när man ska förstå vad effektiv riskkommunikation är. I bilagor som avslutar rapporten kan man ta del av de enkäter som administrerades inom projektet.
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| 13. |
- Warg, Lars-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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”KYRKAN ÄR NOG EN LITE SPECIELL ARBETSPLATS” Arbetsmiljö, ohälsa, sjukskrivning i fyra kristna samfund : Slutrapport till AFA Försäkring angående projektet ”Religiösa samfund i DUSTLänen:Sjukfrånvaro, arbetsmiljö och ohälsa”, mars 2013. Dnr 100020
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten redovisar material från empiriska undersökningar med fokus påarbetsmiljön inom fyra kristna samfund, Svenska kyrkan, Svenska missionskyrkan,Svenska baptistsamfundet och Pingströrelsen. Samfunden låg i Sörmlands län,Västmanlands län, Värmlands län samt Örebro län (DUST‐länen). I FAS I jämfördes desamfundsanställda i DUST‐länen med en grupp ur den arbetande befolkningen i sammalän med avseende på långtidssjukskrivningar. De samfundsanställda uppvisade intehögre eller annorlunda siffror rörande långtidssjukskrivningar, än den arbetandebefolkningen under perioden 2001 – 2009. I FAS II distribuerades en arbetsmiljöenkättill samtliga samfundsanställda inom DUST‐länen, totalt 3 436 anställda (svarsfrekvens61 %). De samfundsanställda uppvisade i jämförelser med en referensgrupp (2 010personer i de nordiska länderna), överlag inte någon annorlunda eller speciellt dåligarbetsmiljö. När vi analyserade de samfundsanställda inbördes om deras värderingarskilde sig från församlingens erhöll vi dock skillnader. Stora värderingsskillnadersignalerade en sämre upplevd arbetsmiljö och även fler långtidssjukskrivningar. Fördem som angav värderingsskillnader noteras överrisker (oddskvoter) för flera avfrågorna i intervallet 4,12 – 5,19 vilket inom arbetsmiljöforskningen anses som myckethöga överrisker. I FAS III intervjuades samfundsanställda samt personer med kunskapom samfundsarbete. Bilden som tecknades var att ledarfunktionen var viktig för enfungerande bra arbetsmiljö. Intervjupersonerna önskade en snabb handläggning avarbetsmiljöproblem, man var dock inte alltid övertygad om att samfunden hadekunskap/verktyg att identifiera problem eller att åtgärda dessa. I rapportenrekommenderas att samfunden följer Arbetsmiljölagen och det systematiskaarbetsmiljöarbete som finns för att hjälpa arbetsplatser att själva övervaka, identifieraoch åtgärda arbetsmiljöproblem. Mer forskning om betydelsen av värderingsskillnaderoch arbetsmiljö efterlyses.
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| 15. |
- Wester-Herber, Misse, et al.
(författare)
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Did they get it? : Examining the goals of risk communication within the Seveso II Directive in a Swedish context
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Risk Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-9877 .- 1466-4461. ; 7:5, s. 495-506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, the success of a risk communication programme conducted in two municipalities in Sweden is evaluated. The communication efforts were initiated in order to comply with the Seveso II Directive, passed as a national law in July 1999. Data from two different questionnaires are used. Between the distribution of the two questionnaires, an information campaign took place in the communities. The first questionnaire was aimed at measuring the public's opinion and understanding of the risks related to chemical industries in their communities, as well as the public's knowledge of emergency behaviour in the event of an accident. The second was aimed at measuring the effects or impact of the risk communication programme on the public. A total of 346 respondents participated in the study by answering two questionnaires. An evaluation of the risk communication efforts was focused around three dimensions: comprehension, audience evaluation and communication failures. The results showed differences between the two campaigns that gave significantly different results in the two communities. In the community with the multimedia channel campaign, the respondents showed greater knowledge of the production process at the local industry, they also judged the health threats for that industry to be less after the campaign, and they saved the information material to a greater extent. However, the overall effects of the information campaigns were weak. Future research is needed to explore the relation between people's emergency behaviour and risk communication.
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| 16. |
- Wester-Herber, Misse, et al.
(författare)
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Gender and regional differences in risk perception : results from implementing the Seveso II directive in Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Risk Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-9877 .- 1466-4461. ; 5:1, s. 69-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper attempts to investigate whether there are gender and regional specific differences in risk perception in three municipalities in Sweden. It focuses on differences between gender and region with regard to risk perception, issues of trust and credibility as well as attitudes towards local industry and emergency response behaviour. This study is based on results from a larger study investigating the Seveso II Directive in Sweden. The aim of this paper is to investigate how gender and regional differences appear and in what way they should be taken into consideration when it comes to implementing national laws that deal with information to the public. The results show that there are differences between gender consistent with earlier findings, and also that there are regional differences which may influence the risk communication effort. Men tend to report having more knowledge of the industrial activities in their community and estimate the possible effect of an accident to be smaller than do women. Regional comparisons show that there are local variations with regard to estimated knowledge and the credibility of a source. Attempts are made to explain the gender differences from a power/influence perspective, and attribute the local variations to specific cultural contexts.
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| 17. |
- Wester-Herber, Misse, 1969-
(författare)
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Talking to me? : Risk communication to a diverse public
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on the process of communication of environmental risks. A basic assumption in this thesis is that even though ambitious risk communication efforts can take place, the intended recipients are left with a feeling of alienation: Talking to me? The thesis presents a review of theories developed in the field of risk communication research and theories concerning risk perception. Results in this thesis are based on the findings in four papers. The first two papers report results from traditional risk communication strategies that have taken place in Sweden in accordance with the Seveso II Directive. The third paper looks at how industry and organizations view participatory strategies that include stakeholders in risk debates. The fourth paper attempts to fuse together placeidentity and risk perception in order to broaden the understanding of environmental conflicts. The main results of this thesis can be summarized under three headings. First that there is no homogenous public in a risk communication context. Instead there seems to be a number of publics that differ in risk perception or have different environmental concerns. Second, strategies that tend to incorporate parts of the concerned public or stakeholders seem to work better than traditional risk communication efforts. Third, if discussion about risk are to be fruitful, the concept of risk needs to be broadened to include concerns that are not directly or apparently linked to issues of health or safety. Instead concerns such as local culture or local attachment need to be included. The purpose of this thesis is to suggest methods for communicating about environmental risks in order to make the affected public feel: Yes, you are talking to me.
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