| 1. |
- Bjørk, Ida Torunn, et al.
(författare)
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Development and Testing of an Instrument for Summative Assessment of Practical Skill Performance : A Generalizability Theory Approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Measurement. - : Springer. - 1061-3749 .- 1945-7049. ; 29:3, s. E162-E191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Many newly graduated nurses lack proficiency in practical skill performance. Presently, nursing students' practical skill is assessed by summative instruments with overarching items. The purpose of this study was to develop a more detailed instrument to use in summative assessment of nursing students' practical skill performance and to assess its psychometric properties.METHODS: A 50-item instrument was developed. Video-recorded performances were rated by experienced clinical supervisors. A multifacet measurement design was developed. Relevant parameters were estimated by generalizability analysis.RESULTS: Findings indicated that error of measurement were mainly caused by raters far more than by items.CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggested that summative assessment in realistic settings may not apply one rater only. Two to three/four raters appear necessary to dependably measure most skills.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bergkvist, Karin
(författare)
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Life situation in patients and their family members after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation : aspects of health and support in different care settings
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is mainly an intensive treatment option for hematology malignancies. During the past decades, improved care and treatment have been systematically developed. One example is the possibility for patients to choose to be at home rather than in the hospital during the early neutropenic phase after HSCT. Recent studies have shown positive medical advantages with home care. The overall aim of this thesis was to describe patients and family members’ life situation after HSCT, as well their experiences from two different care setting: the patient’s home or the hospital. Data from patient-reported experiences were used in studies I and II and patient reported- outcomes in study III. In study IV data from family members experiences were used. Data from 173 (study I n=41; study II n= 15; study III n= 117) patients and 14 family members (study IV) were included in the thesis.In study I patients in both the hospital care group and the home care group expressed high satisfaction with the care and support during the acute post- transplantation phase.In study II four categories were identified from the interviews with patients To be in a safe place, To have a supportive network, My way of taking control, and My uncertain way back to normal.In study III, a cross-sectional survey was conducted and the majority of patients in both hospital care (77%) and home care (78%) rated their general health as ‘good’. A median of 14 symptoms were reported by patients in both hospital (0- 36) and home care (1-29). There were no significant differences regarding general health, symptom occurrence or self-efficacy between patients in hospital and those in home care.In study IV interviews with family members generated a main category, Being me and being us in an uncertain time was identified and five generic categories To receive the information I need, To meet a caring organization, To be in different care settings, To be a family member, and To have a caring relationship.In summary, numerous factors (the care routines, information, the competence and support from the health care team) related to the care were shown to influence the feeling of being safe regardless of care setting. Both patients and family members express the uncertainty associated with the HSCT. Different strategies (to have faith, being positive, hope and live in the present) were used to balancing the uncertainty. The majority of patients in both hospital care and home care rated their general health as ‘good’. A high symptom occurrence was reported in both groups in median five years post HSCT.
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| 4. |
- Ferreira, Sílvia, et al.
(författare)
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Proteome profiling of Populus euphratica Oliv. upon heat stress.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Annals of Botany. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-7364 .- 1095-8290. ; 98:2, s. 361-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Populus euphratica is a light-demanding species ecologically characterized as a pioneer. It grows in shelter belts along riversides, being part of the natural desert forest ecosystems in China and Middle Eastern countries. It is able to survive extreme temperatures, drought and salt stress, marking itself out as an important plant species to study the mechanisms responsible for survival of woody plants under heat stress. METHODS: Heat effects were evaluated through electrolyte leakage on leaf discs, and LT(50) was determined to occur above 50 degrees C. Protein accumulation profiles of leaves from young plants submitted to 42/37 degrees C for 3 d in a phytotron were determined through 2D-PAGE, and a total of 45 % of up- and downregulated proteins were detected. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF)/TOF analysis, combined with searches in different databases, enabled the identification of 82 % of the selected spots. KEY RESULTS: Short-term upregulated proteins are related to membrane destabilization and cytoskeleton restructuring, sulfur assimilation, thiamine and hydrophobic amino acid biosynthesis, and protein stability. Long-term upregulated proteins are involved in redox homeostasis and photosynthesis. Late downregulated proteins are involved mainly in carbon metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate heat response involves proteins related to lipid biogenesis, cytoskeleton structure, sulfate assimilation, thiamine and hydrophobic amino acid biosynthesis, and nuclear transport. Photostasis is achieved through carbon metabolism adjustment, a decrease of photosystem II (PSII) abundance and an increase of PSI contribution to photosynthetic linear electron flow. Thioredoxin h may have a special role in this process in P. euphratica upon moderate heat exposure.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Wadell, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Group training in patients with COPD : long-term effects of decreased training frequency
- 2005
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 27:10, s. 571-581
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose.To investigate effects of decreased training frequency in patients with COPD. Methods.Forty-three COPD patients participated in a controlled study. The intervention group (30 patients) trained 3 times a week during 3 months and once a week during 6 months. Before, after 3 and 9 months all patients performed walking tests, cycle ergometer tests and responded questionnaires on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (SGRQ, SF-36). Results.At 9 months compared to 3 months there were no changes in distance walked in the groups. Both groups decreased their VO2peak and the training group deteriorated in HRQoL. At 9 months compared to baseline the training group showed increased distance walked compared to the control group. In the disease-specific SGRQ the training group tended to improve their activity score while the control group tended to deteriorate in total score. In SF-36 the control group decreased their physical component score. Conclusion.Training once a week does not seem to be sufficient to maintain the level achieved after the 3-month period of training in COPD patients. However, training once a week during 6 months preceded by 3 months of high frequency training seems to prevent deterioration in physical capacity and HRQoL compared to baseline. Further studies are needed to investigate how to best sustain the benefits gained after physical training.
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| 9. |
- Wadell, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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High intensity physical training in water : an effective training modality for patients with COPD
- 2004
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 98:5, s. 428-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high intensity physical group training in water and on land for patients with COPD with regard to physical capacity and health related quality of life (HRQoL). A controlled, semi-randomised study was conducted where 30 patients were randomised to training either in water or on land. Thirteen patients constituted a control group. Forty-three outpatients, with moderate to severe COPD (27w/16m), from two local hospitals in northern Sweden, were included in the study. High intensity physical group training in water (water group) or on land (land group) was performed for 12weeks, three times per week, 45min per session. The control group received no intervention. Pre- and post-intervention, all patients performed incremental and endurance shuttle walking tests (ISWT and ESWT), cycle ergometer tests and responded questionnaires about HRQoL (St. Georges Respiratory Questionnaire--SGRQ and SF-36). The patients trained with a mean heart rate of 80-90% of peak heart rate. Both training groups increased the distance walked, i.e. land group in ISWT (25m) and water group in ESWT (179m). The water group increased the distance in ESWT significantly more that both the land and the control groups. Both training groups increased the time cycled (40-85s) and work load (10-20W) in the cycle ergometer test. The control group deteriorated in HRQoL according to total score in SGRQ while the training groups remained constant. The water group improved their activity score in SGRQ and their physical health score in SF-36 and those improvements were significant as compared to the land and the control groups. In conclusion, high intensity physical group training in water is of benefit for patients with COPD. It was in some areas found to be even more effective regarding improvements in physical capacity and experienced physical health compared to the same kind of training on land.
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| 10. |
- Wadell, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : Effects of a physical training programme
- 2005
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 7:2, s. 51-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aim was to evaluate how thigh muscle performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is affected after a 3-month training programme. Another aim was to investigate if responders to training could be discriminated from non-responders. Thirty patients participated in high-intensity physical training in water or on land, three times per week, and 13 patients constituted a non-training control group. Maximal dynamic strength and endurance in thigh muscles were tested in an isokinetic dynamometer (KinCom) before and after training. At baseline, physical and pulmonary function were tested and used in the analysis of responders/non-responders. Maximal knee flexion strength improved in both training groups, whereas knee extension was improved in the land and control group. Sixty-four percent of all patients were not able to complete the muscle endurance test at baseline and no change was seen in muscle endurance after training within or between groups. A normal body mass index seemed to predict an improvement in muscle performance in responders. We conclude that physical training in water and on land is effective regarding maximal thigh muscle strength in COPD patients. BMI seems to be a discriminating factor for an increased muscle strength. Thigh muscle endurance was decreased in the majority of the patients and did not improve with the evaluated training programme.
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| 11. |
- Wadell, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Physical training with and without oxygen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exerciseinduced hypoxaemia
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 33:5, s. 200-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A randomized, controlled, single-blind study was performed on 20 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exercise-induced hypoxaemia. Ten patients each were randomly assigned to one of two groups, one training with air and the other training with oxygen. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding values measured prior to the study. The patients trained 3 times per week for 30 minutes each time for a duration of 8 weeks. The training consisted of interval walking on a treadmill (intensity set according to Borg ratings) with either air or oxygen administered through a nasal cannula at a rate of 5 l/min. Training significantly improved the 6-minute walking distance by 20% and 14% in the air and oxygen group, respectively, when the patients were tested on air. In the same test the air group significantly decreased Borg ratings for perceived exertion. Borg ratings for dyspnoea and perceived exertion significantly decreased in the oxygen group when they were tested on oxygen. It was concluded that oxygen supplementation did not further improve the training effect, compared with training with air, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exercise-induced hypoxaemia.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Ahlén, Anton
(författare)
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Managing migration in modern welfare states : Essays on the development, causes, and effects of policies regulating family immigration
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Being the main channel of migration into advanced industrial democracies, family migration has been the subject of increasing contestation in political debate. While previous studies have noted that many OECD countries have introduced more restrictive policies on family immigration during the last few decades, we still know little about how cross-country policy configurations in this area have evolved and varied over time, or about how policies affect inflows and why they differ between countries. This dissertation addresses these research gaps by presenting a set of integrated analyses of variations and changes in family-immigration policies across periods and countries.Essay I presents a typology for analysing policy configurations and changes therein. It finds that admission policies on average became more restrictive over time, although there were some notable exceptions. Uncovering patterns of congruence and deviation in a more detailed way than previous research has done, this paper qualifies previous expectations about convergence, a ‘race to the bottom’, and a ‘civic turn’ in family-immigration policies. Essay II develops and tests different theories of what causes policy changes. It finds that the restrictive effects of certain risk factors on family-immigration policies, such as growing immigration and worsening economic distress, have been conditioned by the type of welfare regime. Essay III investigates whether and how much family-immigration policies have influenced patterns of family immigration in European states. While restrictive admission policies have led to falling overall levels of family immigration, the analysis reveals stratifying implications, whereby the effect have been greater where the sponsor is a non-EU citizen than where he/she is an EU citizen.With its three-stage approach, this thesis contributes to the study of comparative migration policies. It presents new findings on the interplay between welfare states and migration policies, on the methods with which states regulate international migration, and on the differential impact of different policies on the size and composition of migrant inflows. It also adds insights on increasingly conditional forms of migration management in modern welfare states.
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| 14. |
- Arlien-Soborg, Mai C., et al.
(författare)
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Acromegaly management in the Nordic countries: A Delphi consensus survey
- 2024
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Ingår i: CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY. - : WILEY. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveAcromegaly is associated with increased morbidity and mortality if left untreated. The therapeutic options include surgery, medical treatment, and radiotherapy. Several guidelines and recommendations on treatment algorithms and follow-up exist. However, not all recommendations are strictly evidence-based. To evaluate consensus on the treatment and follow-up of patients with acromegaly in the Nordic countries.MethodsA Delphi process was used to map the landscape of acromegaly management in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Iceland. An expert panel developed 37 statements on the treatment and follow-up of patients with acromegaly. Dedicated endocrinologists (n = 47) from the Nordic countries were invited to rate their extent of agreement with the statements, using a Likert-type scale (1-7). Consensus was defined as >= 80% of panelists rating their agreement as >= 5 or <= 3 on the Likert-type scale.ResultsConsensus was reached in 41% (15/37) of the statements. Panelists agreed that pituitary surgery remains first line treatment. There was general agreement to recommend first-generation somatostatin analog (SSA) treatment after failed surgery and to consider repeat surgery. In addition, there was agreement to recommend combination therapy with first-generation SSA and pegvisomant as second- or third-line treatment. In more than 50% of the statements, consensus was not achieved. Considerable disagreement existed regarding pegvisomant monotherapy, and treatment with pasireotide and dopamine agonists.ConclusionThis consensus exploration study on the management of patients with acromegaly in the Nordic countries revealed a relatively large degree of disagreement among experts, which mirrors the complexity of the disease and the shortage of evidence-based data.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Baldi, Francesco, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the influence of the engine, propeller and auxiliary generation interaction on the energy efficiency of controllable pitch propeller ships
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Conference of Maritime Technology.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a context of increasing requirements for energy efficiency, this paper aims at improving theunderstanding on the interaction between engine, propeller, and auxiliary heat and power generation in theparticular case of controllable pitch propeller (CPP) ships. The case study of a CPP propelled chemical tankeris used to analyze the application of the proposed approach. The performance of the ship’s standardarrangement using a shaft generator for the fulfillment of auxiliary power demand is compared to theoperational alternative of using auxiliary engines, and with the possibilities for retrofitting with frequencyconverters and waste heat recovery systems. The influence of control systems parameters and of sea state arealso analyzed and compared. The results show a large possibility for improvements, both via operationaloptimization (up to 8.3% increased energy efficiency) and via different types of retrofitting (with increasedefficiencies of up to 11.4% for frequency converters, and 16.5% for WHR systems). The influence of a broadoperational envelope brings even larger improvements to the efficiency of the energy system at low speeds. Theresults of the paper provide useful information about the influence of different technologies for auxiliary powergeneration on the efficiency of CPP propelled vessels.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Barone, Angela, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Sialyl-Lactotetra as a Marker for Epithelial Ovarian Tumors
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Oncology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2234-943X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ovarian carcinoma is a heterogeneous disease with distinct molecular and histological profiles, ranging from low grade atypia to highly aggressive tumors associated with a poor prognosis. In the present study, glycosphingolipids were isolated from human high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, whereby the novel stem cell marker Sialyl-lactotetra (S-Lc(4)) was characterized in two out of three cases. The presence and level of S-Lc(4)was further evaluated immunohistochemically in a cohort of patients with ovarian tumors ranging from benign lesions to high grade serous carcinoma (n= 478). Its expression was assessed in association with tumor grade, stage, histology, and survival. The data showed that S-Lc(4)is most common and highly expressed in borderline type tumors and carcinomas with low levels of aggressiveness, such as mucinous, endometrioid, and low grade serous. Accordingly, S-Lc(4)-positivity was associated with better disease-free survival. The expression of S-Lc(4)was seemingly associated with lineage continuity and could be traced from premalignant lesions to carcinoma, suggesting inheritance by a stem cell lineage that gives rise to generally indolent tumors.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Bergkvist, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Family members' life situation and experiences of different caring organisations during allogeneic haematopoietic stem cells transplantation: : A qualitative study
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Care. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0961-5423 .- 1365-2354. ; 27:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe family members' life situation and experiences of care in two different care settings, the patient's home or in hospital during the acute post-transplantation phase after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 14 family members (seven women and seven men). An inductive qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. The majority of the family members' (n = 10) had experiences from home care. The findings show the family members' voice of the uncertainty in different ways, related with the unknown prognosis of the HSCT, presented as Being me being us in an uncertain time. The data are classified into; To meet a caring organisation, To be in different care settings, To be a family member and To have a caring relationship. Positive experiences such as freedom and security from home care were identified. The competence and support from the healthcare professionals was profound. Different strategies such as adjusting, having hope and live in the present used to balance to live in an uncertain time. The healthcare professionals need to identify psychosocial problems, and integrate the psychosocial support for the family to alleviate or decrease anxiety during HSCT, regardless of the care setting.
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| 22. |
- Bergkvist, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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General health, symptom occurrence, and self-efficacy in adult survivors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation : a cross-sectional comparison between hospital care and home care
- 2015
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Ingår i: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0941-4355 .- 1433-7339. ; 23:5, s. 1273-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Earlier studies have shown that home care during the neutropenic phase after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is medically safe, with positive outcomes. However, there have been few results on long-term outcomes after home care. The aims of this study were to compare general health, symptom occurrence, and self-efficacy in adult survivors who received either home care or hospital care during the early neutropenic phase after allo-HSCT and to investigate whether demographic or medical variables were associated with general health or symptom occurrence in this patient population.METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey, 117 patients (hospital care: n = 78; home care: n = 39) rated their general health (SF-36), symptom occurrence (SFID-SCT, HADS), and self-efficacy (GSE) at a median of 5 (1-11) years post-HSCT.RESULTS: No differences were found regarding general health, symptom occurrence, or self-efficacy between groups. The majority of patients in both hospital care (77 %) and home care (78 %) rated their general health as "good" with a median of 14 (0-36) current symptoms. Symptoms of fatigue and sexual problems were among the most common. Poor general health was associated with acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), low self-efficacy, and cord blood stem cells. A high symptom occurrence was associated with female gender, acute GVHD, and low self-efficacy.CONCLUSIONS: No long-term differences in general health and symptom occurrence were observed between home care and hospital care. Thus, home care is an alternative treatment method for patients who for various reasons prefer this treatment option. We therefore encourage other centers to offer home care to patients.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Bergkvist, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Hospital care or home care after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation : patients' experiences of care and support
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 48, s. S468-S468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE:Treatment at home during the pancytopenic phase after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been an option for patients at our center since 1998. Earlier studies have shown that home care is safe and has medical advantages. In this study, we present patients' experiences of care and support while being treated in hospital or at home during the acute post-transplantation phase.METHOD:Patients (n = 41, 22 in hospital care and 19 in home care) answered the SAUC questionnaire at discharge (when home, or from hospital). Both statistical analysis and deductive content analysis were used.RESULTS:The patients were highly satisfied with the care and support during the acute post-transplantation phase. Patients in home care were found to be more satisfied with care in general than patients in hospital care. The importance of safety, empathy, and encouragement from healthcare staff were expressed regardless of where care was given. Patients also felt that receipt of continuous, updated information during treatment was important and they had a strong belief in HSCT but were uncertain of the future regarding recovery.CONCLUSIONS:The main findings of this study were that in comparison to hospital care, home care does not appear to have a significant negative effect on patients' experiences of care and support during the acute post-transplantation phase. In addition patients in home care felt safe, seen as a person and encouragement seem to empower the patients at home. Thus, this study may encourage other transplantation centers to provide home care if the patients want it.
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| 25. |
- Bergkvist, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Patients' experiences of different care settings and a new life situation after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Care. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0961-5423 .- 1365-2354. ; 27:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past 20 years, considerable healthcare resources have shifted from an inpatient to an outpatient setting. To be in an outpatient setting or at home after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has been shown to be medically safe and beneficial to the patient. In this study we describe patients' experiences of different care settings (hospital or home) and a new life situation during the acute post-transplant phase after HSCT. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 patients (six women and nine men) 29-120 days after HSCT. An inductive qualitative content analysis was performed to analyse the data. The analysis resulted in four categories: To be in a safe place, To have a supportive network, My way of taking control, and My uncertain return to normality. The findings showed that patients undergoing HSCT felt medically safe regardless of the care setting. The importance of a supportive network (i.e. the healthcare team, family and friends) was evident for all patients. Both emotional and problem-focused strategies were used to cope with an uncertain future. Being at home had some positive advantages, including freedom, having the potential for more physical activity, and being with family members. The study highlights some key areas thought to provide more personalised care after HSCT.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Björklund Larsen, Lotta, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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A Thrice-Told Tale : A Collaboration Between The Swedish Tax Agency And Academia
- 2017
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Ingår i: JOTA - Journal of Tax Administration. - Exeter, UK : University of Exeter Business School. - 2059-190X. ; 3:1, s. 6-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the story of a collaborative project involving the creation, development and teaching of a course on qualitative research, which was designed for all Swedish Tax Agency analysts. The collaboration took place between the Swedish Tax Agency and Linkoping University, and this story is told from the perspective of three researchers: Lotta, Karin and Ulf. It was a successful course. However, this is not just a story about collaboration between academia and tax authority, but also one about how interdisciplinary approaches can create new knowledge. We argue that, due to our different backgrounds, and diverse interests and resources, the collaboration also gave us new insights into our daily research and analytic work. Our experience can perhaps inspire other collaborations between academia and tax administration.
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| 28. |
- Bredin, Karin, 1977-
(författare)
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Human Resource Management in Project-Based Organisations : Challenges, Changes, and Capabilities
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis addresses human resource management in project-based organisations. The aim is to explore the challenges for HRM in project-based organisations and the changes in people management systems to meet these challenges. The thesis consists of a compilation of six papers and an extended summary. The research reported in the thesis is based on a combination of multiple, comparative, and single case studies of project-based organisations. The core case studies have been conducted at Saab Aerosystems, AstraZeneca, Volvo Car Corporation, and Tetra Pak. The results indicate central challenges regarding competence development and career structures, performance review processes and reputation of project workers, and the increased responsibility and pressured work environment for project workers. They further indicate that many of these challenges are handled through a more HR-oriented line manager role, while HR departments are downsized and centralised. The thesis hence emphasises the need to understand HRM as a dimension of management in which various players share the responsibility for its design and performance. To conclude, the thesis applies a capabilities perspective on project-based organisations and develops a conceptual framework that embraces people capability: the organisational capability to manage the relation between people and their organisational context. In this framework, people management systems improve people capability when they integrate it with strategic, functional, and project capabilities. It is suggested that the people capability framework provides new possibilities to analyse HRM in project-based organisations and to explain the changes in people management systems that are needed to align them to the project-based context.
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| 29. |
- Broberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Trisomy 7 accumulates with age in solid tumors and non-neoplastic synovia
- 2001
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Ingår i: Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. - 1045-2257. ; 30:3, s. 310-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trisomy 7 is a common finding in benign and malignant solid tumors, in several non-neoplastic lesions (for example, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis), and in apparently normal tissues as well, suggesting that the occurrence of +7 might be associated with factors other than the disease process itself. To find out whether the frequency of +7 varies with a patient's age, we cytogenetically analyzed short-term-cultured synovial samples from elderly persons without signs of arthritis and from young patients affected by juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). In normal synovia, gain of a chromosome 7 was present as a clonal change in five of 10 cases and in single cells in four of the five remaining cases. In synovia from patients with JCA, cells with +7 were detected in only one of nine cases, representing the oldest patient in the series. Furthermore, we reviewed the cytogenetic literature on tumors of the brain, breast, colon, kidney, lung, skin, thyroid, and upper aerodigestive tract. In the majority (six of eight) of these tumor types, the frequency of cases displaying a clone with +7 as the sole aberration increased with age. Taken together, the results presented here suggest that the acquisition of trisomy 7 in some neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues might be associated with age rather than with disease. The finding of a completely different frequency distribution in two of the tumor types (tumors of the brain and the thyroid gland), however, emphasizes the heterogeneity of +7 and indicates that other, possibly tissue-specific, factors might influence the occurrence of this mutation.
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| 30. |
- Broberg Palmgren, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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The tumor-associated gene HMGIC is expressed in normal and osteoarthritis-affected synovia
- 2001
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Ingår i: Modern Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1530-0285 .- 0893-3952. ; 14:4, s. 311-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chromosomal rearrangements involving chromosome bands 12q13-15 are very frequent findings in benign solid tumors, and recently, the primary molecular target for these aberrations was identified as the gene HMGIC. However, mutations in this gene have also been observed in nonneoplastic tissues. In a previous study, we reported breakpoints within HMGIC of synovia affected by osteoarthritis (OA) in two cases with 12q15 aberrations. To analyze further the role of HMGIC in this disease, we have performed cytogenetic, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), RNA, and protein expression analyses on synovial samples from patients with OA and individuals without signs of the disorder. Cytogenetic analysis of short-term cultured cells revealed clonal 12q13-15 aberrations in 2/36 cases of OA synovia and no rearrangement in any of the five controls. With FISH analysis, it was shown that the chromosomal breakpoints in the two aberrant cases were located outside the HMGIC locus. In contrast, at RNA and protein expression analyses, OA-affected as well as normal synovia displayed transcription and translation of the gene. We also analyzed whether immunoreactivity for HMGIC was associated with the proliferation-specific antigen Ki-67, but no correlation between the staining patterns of these proteins was observed. From the results of the present study, it is evident that expression of HMGIC cannot simply be considered a sign of neoplasia or an effect of proliferation.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Cabrita, Rita, et al.
(författare)
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Tertiary lymphoid structures improve immunotherapy and survival in melanoma
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 577:7791, s. 561-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Checkpoint blockade therapies that reactivate tumour-associated T cells can induce durable tumour control and result in the long-term survival of patients with advanced cancers1. Current predictive biomarkers for therapy response include high levels of intratumour immunological activity, a high tumour mutational burden and specific characteristics of the gut microbiota2,3. Although the role of T cells in antitumour responses has thoroughly been studied, other immune cells remain insufficiently explored. Here we use clinical samples of metastatic melanomas to investigate the role of B cells in antitumour responses, and find that the co-occurrence of tumour-associated CD8+ T cells and CD20+ B cells is associated with improved survival, independently of other clinical variables. Immunofluorescence staining of CXCR5 and CXCL13 in combination with CD20 reveals the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in these CD8+CD20+ tumours. We derived a gene signature associated with tertiary lymphoid structures, which predicted clinical outcomes in cohorts of patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade. Furthermore, B-cell-rich tumours were accompanied by increased levels of TCF7+ naive and/or memory T cells. This was corroborated by digital spatial-profiling data, in which T cells in tumours without tertiary lymphoid structures had a dysfunctional molecular phenotype. Our results indicate that tertiary lymphoid structures have a key role in the immune microenvironment in melanoma, by conferring distinct T cell phenotypes. Therapeutic strategies to induce the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures should be explored to improve responses to cancer immunotherapy.
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| 37. |
- Cabrita, Rita, et al.
(författare)
-
Tertiary lymphoid structures improve immunotherapy and survival in melanoma.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 577:7791, s. 561-565
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Checkpoint blockade therapies that reactivate tumour-associated T cells can induce durable tumour control and result in the long-term survival of patients with advanced cancers1. Current predictive biomarkers for therapy response include high levels of intratumour immunological activity, a high tumour mutational burden and specific characteristics of the gut microbiota2,3. Although the role of T cells in antitumour responses has thoroughly been studied, other immune cells remain insufficiently explored. Here we use clinical samples of metastatic melanomas to investigate the role of B cells in antitumour responses, and find that the co-occurrence of tumour-associated CD8+ T cells and CD20+ B cells is associated with improved survival, independently of other clinical variables. Immunofluorescence staining of CXCR5 and CXCL13 in combination with CD20 reveals the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in these CD8+CD20+ tumours. We derived a gene signature associated with tertiary lymphoid structures, which predicted clinical outcomes in cohorts of patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade. Furthermore, B-cell-rich tumours were accompanied by increased levels of TCF7+ naive and/or memory T cells. This was corroborated by digital spatial-profiling data, in which T cells in tumours without tertiary lymphoid structures had a dysfunctional molecular phenotype. Our results indicate that tertiary lymphoid structures have a key role in the immune microenvironment in melanoma, by conferring distinct T cell phenotypes. Therapeutic strategies to induce the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures should be explored to improve responses to cancer immunotherapy.
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| 38. |
- Chafik, Léon, et al.
(författare)
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Discovery of an unrecognized pathway carrying overflow waters toward the Faroe Bank Channel
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dense overflow waters of the Nordic Seas are an integral link and important diagnostic for the stability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The pathways feeding the overflow remain, however, poorly resolved. Here we use multiple observational platforms and an eddy-resolving ocean model to identify an unrecognized deep flow toward the Faroe Bank Channel. We demonstrate that anticyclonic wind forcing in the Nordic Seas via its regulation of the basin circulation plays a key role in activating an unrecognized overflow path from the Norwegian slope - at which times the overflow is anomalously strong. We further establish that, regardless of upstream pathways, the overflows are mostly carried by a deep jet banked against the eastern slope of the Faroe-Shetland Channel, contrary to previous thinking. This deep flow is thus the primary conduit of overflow water feeding the lower branch of the AMOC via the Faroe Bank Channel. The authors show that overflow waters flowing toward the Faroe Bank Channel can take a previously unidentified path to the Faroe-Shetland Channel where it joins an unrecognized deep-reaching jet located along its eastern rather than its western boundary.
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| 39. |
- Clemmensen, SN, et al.
(författare)
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Alpha-1-antitrypsin is produced by human neutrophil granulocytes and their precursors and liberated during granule exocytosis
- 2011
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY. - 0902-4441. ; 86:6, s. 517-530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) is an important inhibitor of neutrophil proteases including elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3. Transcription profiling data suggest that A1AT is expressed by human neutrophil granulocytes during all developmental stages. A1AT has hitherto only been found associated with azurophile granules in neutrophils indicative of A1AT expression being restricted to the promyelocyte stage. We examined the localization and production of A1AT in healthy donor neutrophils and found A1AT to be a constituent of all granule subtypes and to be released from neutrophils following stimulation. A1AT is produced at all stages of myeloid maturation in the bone marrow. The production increases as neutrophils enter circulation and increases further upon migration to tissues as observed in skin windows and when blood neutrophils are incubated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Neutrophils from patients with A1AT-deficiency carrying the (PI)ZZ mutation in the A1AT gene appeared structurally and functionally normal, but A1AT produced in leukocytes of these patients lacked the ability to bind proteases efficiently. We conclude that A1AT generation and release from neutrophils add significantly to the antiprotease levels in tissues during inflammation. Impaired binding of neutrophil A1AT to serine proteases in patients with (PI)ZZ mutations may enhance their susceptibility to the development of emphysema.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Dawkins, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Retracing the footsteps: how do footprint indicators support learning about sustainable consumption among Swedish policymakers?
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Consumption-based or environmental footprint indicators give a sense of society’s progress towards sustainable consumption. Studies of the role that sustainability indicators play in policy making report that they contribute to learning and conceptual thinking. This literature provides insights into the types of learning outcome that indicators contribute to, such as instrumental, policy-oriented, governmental, political, or societal learning. But few studies have looked specifically at consumption-based indicators or at the learning process itself, of how indicator use supports different actors in changing their ideas, perceptions, and practices – and potentially affects wider social and organizational structures to prompt the desired move to sustainable consumption.To address this, we draw on the theory of expansive learning to investigate the potential for learning about sustainable consumption by Swedish public officials using consumption-based indicators. Data were collected in a series of interviews, focus groups and workshops. The results suggest that consumption-based indicators do help officials to learn about the concept of sustainable consumption and encourage them to push forward the sustainable consumption agenda. This is not, however, so much due to indicators per se, but rather to the creativity and agency of committed government officials. To enhance learning and change in practices further, public officials must be supported by the necessary institutions and authority to promote sustainable consumption.
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| 42. |
- Doveson, Sandra
(författare)
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Experiences, expectations and treatment decision-making in men with metastatic prostate cancer
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Participation in treatment decision-making (TDM) is important to patients with cancer and TDM experiences and preferences for how to make treatment decisions have been extensively studied in men with localised prostate cancer. Their preferences for how to partake in TDM are diverse and influenced by several factors. A significant proportion of men with localised prostate cancer, however, develop metastatic disease (mPC), after which the disease is considered incurable. The life-prolonging treatment possibilities at the most advanced stage of mPC, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have increased dramatically over the past decade, and far less is known about experiences and TDM in these advanced phases of the disease.Aim: The overall aim of the thesis was to explore experiences, expectations and treatment decision-making in men with metastatic prostate cancer.Methods: Studies I and IV were prospective, longitudinal cohort studies, study II was qualitative and study III had a qualitative, serial design. In study I, two matched groups of men with mPC (n=106) and non-mPC (n=211) were followed over 5 years with repeated questionnaires. Quality of life, symptoms and functioning were compared between the groups using independent samples Mann–Whitney U tests. The samples in studies II-IV comprised men with mCRPC who underwent life-prolonging treatment. In study II, 16 men were interviewed about their perspectives when faced with a life-prolonging treatment. Data was analysed using interpretive description. In study III, 17 men partook in serial qualitative interviews about their experiences of TDM and data was analysed with qualitative content analysis. In study IV, 114 men answered repeated questionnaires about satisfaction with TDM regarding the life-prolonging treatment and treatment experiences over the course of one year. Associations between satisfaction with TDM at baseline and treatment experiences and wellbeing at six and 12 months were explored using Spearman’s rank correlation.Results: Compared to men with localised prostate cancer, men with mPC report increasing symptoms and worsening quality of life and functioning over time once they develop metastases. TDM was twofold and contained both the desired treatment outcome and aspects of the structure of how the treatment decision was made. When men with mCRPC are faced with a life-prolonging treatment, they weigh the potential treatment benefits – prolonging life – against the possible treatment side effects and their intrusion on the men’s everyday lives. Receiving personalised information was important to the men, and the treating physician was a key party in TDM to whom the men modified their TDM role and -actions. Their satisfaction with the TDM structure was also associated with their physical and emotional wellbeing over time.Conclusion: TDM regarding life-prolonging treatment was found to be a complex, balancing act in which men with mPC face and manage a number of complex situations and have diverse experiences and preferences. Given that men with mPC report declining quality of life, symptoms and functioning and had unmet needs regarding information, continuity of care, communication and TDM, early integration of a palliative approach into the care of men with mPC could work as a way to identify and manage needs that need to be addressed.
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| 43. |
- Duijm, Neeltje P, et al.
(författare)
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A Qualitative Study on Danish Student Pharmacists' Attitudes Towards and Experience of Communication Skills Training.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pharmacy. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI AG. - 2226-4787. ; 7:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the pharmacy profession evolves, good communication skills are vital for securing the safer and more rational use of medicines. Currently there is a lack of qualitative studies researching European student pharmacists' and their experience with communication skills training (CST). This qualitative study aimed to fill this gap by exploring Danish student pharmacists' attitudes towards, and experiences of, CST. Focus group interviews were conducted with a heterogeneous sample of Danish student pharmacists in 2016. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed inductively. Fifteen students participated in three focus groups. Five categories identified as key aspects were: professional communication vs. normal conversation, motivation to engage in training, how to learn communication skills, experience with CST and universities' role in teaching communication skills. In conclusion, there were both positive and negative attitudes towards CST among the participants. However, they had little experience with CST. Bloom's taxonomy of the affective domain and Kolb's experiential learning model appear to be useful in understanding students' attitudes towards CST. Pharmacy educators can use this study to structure and improve their CST curricula by knowing what influences students' attitudes towards CST.
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| 44. |
- Ekberg, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Does the menstrual cycle influence aerobic capacity in endurance-trained women?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. - : Routledge. - 0270-1367 .- 2168-3824.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim was to study if aerobic capacity varies during different phases of the menstrual cycle (MC) in endurance-trained female athletes.Methods: Ten endurance-trained eumenorrheic women performed a submaximal test followed by an incremental test until exhaustion three times during one MC, early follicular phase (EFP), late follicular phase (LFP), and midluteal phase (MLP). During the submaximal test, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and utilization of fat and carbohydrates were analyzed; and, during the incremental test, VO2 peak, maximal heart rate, utilization of fat and carbohydrates, and RER were analyzed. Lactate levels were analyzed at rest, during the submaximal test, and after the incremental test. The anaerobic threshold was determined at RER = 1.Results: No significant differences (p <.05) between the MC phases were seen in a maximal heart rate or VO2peak. Similarly, VO2, heart rate, RER, fatty acid oxidation, and carbohydrate oxidation at 70, 80, 90, and 100% of VO2peak did not differ significantly between MC phases. There were no significant differences between these phases in resting lactate before the test or during the submaximal tests, though there was a significant difference in lactate concentration 3 minutes after the incremental test between the EFP and the LFP (p =.043).Conclusion: This study did not display variations in physiological parameters between EFP, LFP, and MLP, indicating similar aerobic capacity despite hormonal variations. This knowledge may be useful when planning for competition in aerobic events.
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| 45. |
- Eklund, Sanna, et al.
(författare)
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10-year mortality, causes of death and cardiovascular comorbidities in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology. - : Springer Nature. - 0340-5354 .- 1432-1459. ; 271, s. 1311-1319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The objective was to investigate 10-year mortality, causes of death and cardiovascular comorbidity in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and to evaluate their mutual associations.Methods: This prospective cohort study included 176 CSF-shunted iNPH patients, and 368 age- and sex-matched controls. At inclusion, participants were medically examined, had blood analyzed and answered a questionnaire. The vascular comorbidities investigated were smoking, diabetes, body mass index, blood pressure (BP), hyperlipidemia, kidney function, atrial fibrillation and, cerebro- and cardiovascular disease.Results: Survival was observed for a mean period of 10.3 ± 0.84 years. Shunted iNPH patients had an increased risk of death compared to controls (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.5, 95% CI 1.86–3.36; p < 0.001). After 10 years, 50% (n = 88) of iNPH patients and 24% (n = 88) of the controls were dead (p < 0.001). The risk of dying from cardiovascular disease, falls and neurological diseases were higher in iNPH (p < 0.05). The most common cause of death in iNPH was cardiovascular diseases (14% vs 7% for controls). Seven out of nine iNPH dying from falls had subdural hematomas. Systolic BP (HR = 0.985 95% CI 0.972–0.997, p = 0.018), atrial fibrillation (HR = 2.652, 95% CI 1.506–4.872, p < 0.001) and creatinine (HR = 1.018, 95% CI 1.010–1.027, p < 0.001) were independently associated with mortality for iNPH.Discussion: This long-term and population-matched cohort study indicates that in spite of CSF-shunt treatment, iNPH has shorter life expectancy. It may be important to treat iNPH in supplementary ways to reduce mortality. Both cardiovascular comorbidities and lethal falls are contributing to the excess mortality in iNPH and reducing these preventable risks should be an established part of the treatment plan.
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| 46. |
- Entrop, Joshua P., et al.
(författare)
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Reproduction patterns among non-Hodgkin lymphoma survivors by subtype in Sweden, Denmark and Norway : A population-based matched cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 202:4, s. 785-795
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies concerning reproductive patterns among non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) survivors are scarce and those available have reported conflicting results. Treatment regimens vary considerably between aggressive and indolent NHL and studies of reproductive patterns by subtypes are warranted. In this matched cohort study, we identified all NHL patients aged 18-40 years and diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 from the Swedish and Danish lymphoma registers, and the clinical database at Oslo University Hospital (n = 2090). Population comparators were matched on sex, birth year and country (n = 19 427). Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox regression. Males and females diagnosed with aggressive lymphoma subtypes had lower childbirth rates (HRfemale: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.31-0.59, HRmale: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47-0.78) than comparators during the first 3 years after diagnosis. For indolent lymphomas, childbirth rates were not significantly different from comparators (HRfemale: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.48-1.04, HRmale: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.70-1.27) during the same period. Childbirth rates reached those of comparators for all subtypes after 3 years but the cumulative incidence of childbirths was decreased throughout the 10-year follow-up for aggressive NHL. Children of NHL patients were more likely to be born following assisted reproductive technology than those of comparators, except for male indolent lymphoma patients. In conclusion, fertility counselling is particularly important for patients with aggressive NHL.
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| 47. |
- Eriksson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Important factors associated with sick leave after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation : A 1-year prospective study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of cancer survivorship. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1932-2259 .- 1932-2267. ; 15:6, s. 933-941
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This study examines sick leave (SL) and factors associated with full-time SL 1 year after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients of working age from 2009 to 2016 (n = 122).METHODS: Questionnaire data were collected on admission to the allo-HSCT unit, at 7 months and 1 year after allo-HSCT. Associations between factors and SL were analysed using logistic regression analyses.RESULTS: One year after allo-HSCT, 76% of participants were on SL, with 36% on full-time SL. In univariable analyses, chronic graft-versus-host-disease (cGvHD) (OR 3.07; 95% CI 1.34-7.07; p = 0.01), having symptoms of depression at 7 months (OR 4.81; 95% CI 1.69-13.69; p = 0.00) and low levels of vocational satisfaction at 7 months after treatment (OR 3.27; 95% CI 1.27-8.41; p = 0.01) were associated with full-time SL 1 year after allo-HSCT. cGvHD (OR 3.43; 95% CI 1.35-8.73; p = 0.01) and having symptoms of depression at 7 months after allo-HSCT (OR 3.37; 95% CI 1.2-11.58; p = 0.02) remained significant in multivariable analysis.CONCLUSION: The majority of allo-HSCT survivors were on SL 1 year after treatment, and cGvHD, low vocational satisfaction and depressive symptoms were associated with full-time SL 1 year after allo-HSCT.IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Healthcare professionals need to be observant of and manage the consequences of cGvHD and patients' symptoms of depression in order to support them appropriately in their return-to-work process.
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