| 1. |
- Bourdieu, Pierre, et al.
(författare)
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Leve idrottspedagogiken : En vänbok tillägnad Lars-Magnus Engström
- 2005
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vem ägnar sig åt idrott? Vilken betydelse har fritiden i barns och ungdomars liv? Vad innebär hälsa i skolämnet idrott och hälsa?Leve idrottspedagogiken! tillägnas Lars-Magnus Engström. Texterna i boken speglar delar av det idrottspedagogiska forskningsområdet i Sverige, vars framväxt Lars-Magnus Engström varit den främste företrädaren för. Läsaren får här ta del av exempelvis idrottskulturen, fritidskulturen och skolans ämne idrott och hälsa. Genomgående handlar texterna om villkoren för barns och ungdomars deltagane och om de olika lärprocesser som sker i anslutning till idrottsutövning.Lars-Magnus Engström har gjort betydande insatser som forskare och lärare samt som professor vid Lärarhögskolan i Stockholm och vid Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan. I snart fyrtion år har han arbetat med studier kring påverkans- och lärprocesser i idrott. Hans forskning har främst kretsat kring människors idrottsvanor och vilka som utvecklar en fysiskt aktiv livsstil. Idrotts- och motionsutövningar ger både ett så kallat egenvärde och investeringsvärde. Med dessa begrepp bland många andra har Lars-Magnus Engström bidragit till en fördjupad vetenskaplig förståelse av idrottskulturen.De flesta författarna har eller har haft Lars-Magnus Engström som handledare och tillhör forskningsgruppen för pedagogik, idrott och fritidskultur. Redaktörer för boken är Karin Redelius och Håkan Larsson.
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| 2. |
- Ericson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Need driven product development in team-based projects
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Design for society. - Cité des Sciences et de l'industrie, Paris, France.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, practical activities of Needfinding - an intertwined approach to identifying needs and to visualizing idea concepts in early design - are described and discussed. This is done primarily to gain an increased understanding of the various representations of user needs that are fed into the fuzzy front-end activities of team-based product innovation projects. The empirical basis comes from a study of an eight-month collaborative product development project, performed under realistic conditions by MSc students in close collaboration with their client. Focusing closely on customers and their needs is encouraged within the conceptual framework of Integrated Product Development and is increasingly highlighted as a key enabler in the design of truly innovative products. Despite the fact that identified customer needs are considered as the initial and primary input into such an innovation process, it can be argued that the design teams do not commonly have a sufficient understanding of customer needs and they do not normally interact with customers in their environment. Besides focusing on measurable aspects of user behaviour and requirements, a traditional approach to identifying and managing customer needs usually includes several interpretive stages before being handed over to the design team. In the context of innovative products, the identification and definition of customers and their needs is a non-trivial and difficult exercise. It involves, we suggest, not only Needfinding but also the definition of ‘those who might need the product’, users and customers to co-evolve iteratively in the early phases of design.
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| 3. |
- Ericson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Need driven product development in team-based projects
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Design for society. - Paris.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, practical activities of needfinding - an intertwined approach to identifying needs and to visualizing idea concepts in early design - are described and discussed. This is done primarily to gain an increased understanding of the various representations of user needs that are fed into the fuzzy front-end activities of team-based product innovation projects. The empirical basis comes from a study of an eight-month collaborative product development project, performed under realistic conditions by MSc students in close collaboration with their client.Focusing closely on customers and their needs is encouraged within the conceptual framework of Integrated Product Development and is increasingly highlighted as a key enabler in the design of truly innovative products. Despite the fact that identified customer needs are considered as the initial and primary input into such an innovation process, it can be argued that the design teams do not commonly have a sufficient understanding of customer needs and they do not normally interact with customers in their environment. Besides focusing on measurable aspects of user behaviour and requirements, a traditional approach to identifying and managing customer needs usually includes several interpretive stages before being handed over to the design team. In the context of innovative products, the identification and definition of customers and their needs is a non-trivial and difficult exercise. It involves, we suggest, not only needfinding but also the definition of ‘those who might need the product’, users and customers to co-evolve iteratively in the early phases of design.
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| 4. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby : DN Debatt 2015-06-11
- 2015
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 5. |
- amundsen, silja, et al.
(författare)
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A comprehensive screen for SNP associations on chromosome region 5q31-33 in Swedish/Norwegian celiac disease families.
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Human genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 15:9, s. 980-987
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Celiac disease (CD) is a gluten-induced enteropathy, which results from the interplay between environmental and genetic factors. There is a strong human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association with the disease, and HLA-DQ alleles represent a major genetic risk factor. In addition to HLA-DQ, non-HLA genes appear to be crucial for CD development. Chromosomal region 5q31–33 has demonstrated linkage with CD in several genome-wide studies, including in our Swedish/Norwegian cohort. In a European meta-analysis 5q31–33 was the only region that reached a genome-wide level of significance except for the HLA region. To identify the genetic variant(s) responsible for this linkage signal, we performed a comprehensive single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association screen in 97 Swedish/Norwegian multiplex families who demonstrate linkage to the region. We selected tag SNPs from a 16 Mb region representing the 95% confidence interval of the linkage peak. A total of 1404 SNPs were used for the association analysis. We identified several regions with SNPs demonstrating moderate single- or multipoint associations. However, the isolated association signals appeared insufficient to account for the linkage signal seen in our cohort. Collective effects of multiple risk genes within the region, incomplete genetic coverage or effects related to copy number variation are possible explanations for our findings.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Axelsson, Mette, et al.
(författare)
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Mat vid diabetes. : En systematisk översikt med utvärdering av effekter samt hälsoekonomiska och etiska aspekter.
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SlutsatserTyp 1- och typ 2-diabetes Det finns ett samband mellan att äta medelhavskost och lägre risk att dö i förtid oavsett orsak (måttlig tillförlitlighet). Det finns ett samband mellan att äta en större andel2 fibrer eller baljväxter och lägre risk att dö i förtid oavsett orsak (måttlig tillförlitlighet). Det kan även finnas ett samband mellan att äta en större andel nötter och lägre risk att dö i förtid oavsett orsak (låg tillförlitlighet) samt lägre risk att insjukna i hjärt- och kärlsjukdom (låg tillförlitlighet). Det finns ett samband mellan att dricka mer2 kaffe och lägre risk att dö i förtid oavsett orsak och lägre risk att dö i förtid i kranskärlssjukdom (måttlig tillförlitlighet) samt möjligen en lägre risk att dö i förtid i hjärt- och kärlsjukdom (låg tillförlitlighet). Det råder generell brist på studier med lång uppföljningstid som jämför inverkan av olika slags kostråd på överlevnad, diabeteskomplikationer, diabetesremission3, livskvalitet och biverkningar. Tillförlitligheten av befintliga resultat är dessutom mycket låg för de flesta koster, kostbehandlingar, livsmedel och näringsämnen som har utvärderats. Effekter på hälsa och relaterade mått kan i dessa fall inte bedömas.2. Begreppet ”större andel” eller ”mer” avser inte nödvändigtvis att äta eller dricka mer totalt utan att öka mängden av ett visst livsmedel genom att byta ut annan mat eller dryck.Typ 2-diabetes Det kan finnas ett samband mellan att äta en större andel mättat fett och högre risk för att dö i förtid av hjärt- och kärlsjukdom (låg tillförlitlighet). Det kan även finnas ett samband mellan att äta en större andel enkelomättat fett och lägre risk att dö i förtid oavsett orsak (låg tillförlitlighet). En behandling med en initial period av kraftigt minskat energiintag med hjälp av lågenergipulver (VLED) med efterföljande övergång till mat för viktstabilitet jämfört med vanlig kostbehandling har gynnsamma effekter på livskvalitet (enligt EQ-5D), långtidsblodsocker (HbA1c) och vikt upp till 12 månader (måttlig tillförlitlighet)4. Vidare kan metoder där VLED ingår ha gynnsamma effekter på diabetesremission5 och midjeomfång upp till 12 månader (låg tillförlitlighet) och långtidsblodsocker (HbA1c) upp till 24 månader (låg tillförlitlighet). Intensiv livsstilsbehandling därlågfettkost kombineras med fysisk aktivitet och minskat energiintag har gynnsamma effekter jämfört med vanlig kostbehandling på långtidsblodsocker (HbA1c), vikt, kroppsmasseindex (BMI), midjeomfång och vissa blodfetter upp till 12 månader (måttlig tillförlitlighet)3. Viktminskningen kan kvarstå upp till omkring 10 år (låg tillförlitlighet). Behandlingen kan leda till bättre fysisk livskvalitet upp till 8 år (låg tillförlitlighet) medan effektskillnaden i psykisk livskvalitet under samma tid kan vara obefintlig eller försumbar (låg tillförlitlighet). Jämförelsen påvisar ingen förändrad risk att dö i förtid oavsett orsak eller att dö eller insjukna av kardiovaskulära orsaker efter omkring 10 år (låg tillförlitlighet). I det hälsoekonomiska perspektivet är intensiv livsstilsbehandling mer resurskrävande än vanlig kostbehandling, och beräkningar visar små eller inga vinster i kvalitetsjusterade levnadsår (QALYs) på individnivå. Energirestriktion i samband med intensiv livsstilsbehandling med ketogen kost eller med högproteinkost (20 E%) i kombination med fysisk aktivitet jämfört med vanlig kostbehandling kan ge en viktminskning upp till 11 månader (låg tillförlitlighet) men det saknas studier som kan visa om vikten kan bibehållas på längre sikt. Det saknas studier som undersökt kliniskt viktiga utfall som dödlighet, kardiovaskulära sjukdomar, livskvalitet och diabetesremission.3. Gäller endast vid typ 2-diabetes.4. Utgår från individer med en medelkroppsvikt på cirka 100 kg och medel-HbA1c på 60 mmol/mol.5. Resultaten för utfallet diabetesremission (att uppnå normala blodsockervärden) gäller när en diabetesdiagnos sattes för mindre än 6 år sedan eller för mindre än 3 år sedan. Definitionen för diabetesremission var ett HbA1c på mindre än 48 mmol/mol och att samtidigt vara fri från blodsockersänkande läkemedel.Graviditetsdiabetes Det saknas studier om kost vid graviditetsdiabetes med tillräcklig tillförlitlighet för att kunna bedöma effekterna.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bergström, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Needs as a basis for design rationale
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A basic principle for Needfinding [Faste, 1987; Patnaik & Becker, 1999] is that designers and engineers should interact directly with users to get direct insights into the user domain. Needfinding is not a new phenomena, it is almost forty years ago since the process was adopted at Stanford University’s product design program [Patnaik & Becker, 1999]. As the name, Need-finding, implies, this is an intertwined approach to find needs which are not readily articulated by users. The application of a Needfinding process offers qualitative methods to make those needs visible early on in product development. In fact, the process has become more interesting during recent time, since qualitative methods have gained more acceptance outside the academic realm [ibid.].The word qualitative indicates that what are sought for are qualities such as people’s experiences, what they perceive or interpret into a situation [Miles & Huberman, 1994; Patton, 2002]. Such data is contextually dependent, i.e., it must be generated in the context in which the phenomena occur. Besides context, people’s activities, behaviours and goals are important to observe and learn from. The objectives, for applying Needfinding, are to make the identification of needs and design a seamless effort, as well as an interest to identify opportunities to innovations. Needs last longer than any solution [Patnaik & Becker, 1999], since they are grounded in people’s activities. The solution and product that might meet such needs change over time. One example is how to store computer data, the products which satisfy the need has changed from, e.g., punch cards, magnetic tape, floppy discs [ibid.] to USB-flash memories. A guiding methodology in Needfinding is a flexible process, which is adapted to the task at hand [Kelley, 2001]. Such a process is conveyed in a few basic steps and, builds on a ‘philosophy’ which permeates all activities in order to adapt the process according to the project. Therefore, the designer’s ability to rely on such a process depends on familiarity with a number of methods for observations and interviews, as well as an aptitude for socio-technical skills. Hence, the purpose in this paper is to present and reflect on methods used in a running development project to identify needs in a product development project. This is done to contribute to the advancement of a need driven product development process. The disposition of this paper is as follows. First, our approach in studying the need identification activities is presented. Second, a theoretical frame for need identification and design is presented, i.e., Needfinding [Patnaik & Becker, 1999]. Third, the practice of finding needs is outlined and discussed.
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| 10. |
- Bergström, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Needs as a basis for design rationale
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Design 2008. - Zagreb : University of Zagreb. - 9789536313891 ; , s. 281-288
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is based on data from a Swedish real-life industrial product development project for e-health care of elderly. The purpose in the paper is to discuss identification of user needs. Information about the elderly is transferred in recurrent meetings. Besides the perception that these meetings occupy time which could be spent giving care, the nurses find it problematic to convey such information to substitutes, as well as they have to rely on their memory. In this case, a Dictaphone device was a solution. Reports on practical activities of identifying user needs and how they affect decisions in product development are limited; one contribution of this paper is insights into such a case
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| 11. |
- Bertoni, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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The Rise of Social Product Development
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations. - Australia : Inderscience Publishers. - 1741-5225 .- 1470-9503. ; 11:2, s. 188-207
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the paper is to discuss the rising potential of social software to increase the knowledge management capabilities of virtual product development teams. It presents six fundamental transitions, elaborated from the empirical findings, which justify the rise of a more bottom-up, social creation and sharing of engineering knowledge in the virtual organisation. The study suggests that traditional engineering knowledge management approaches alone are not sufficient to support development activities in the virtual organisation, and that such teams display an increasing demand for social, comparatively lightweight and remixable platforms for bottom-up, social creation and sharing of knowledge.
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| 12. |
- Dahlgren, Annika, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Linking the Klein-Bell ADL Scale to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) : Linking an ADL scale to the ICF
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977. ; 45:4, s. 351-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The main objective of this study was to link the Klein-Bell Activities of Daily Living (KB) Scale to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), in order to validate the KB Scale content-wise. Design: A qualitative approach was used with directed content analysis. Methods: Concepts in the KB Scale items were linked to ICF categories according to established rules. This was followed by 4 analyses: examination of the linked categories' frequency distribution; comparison of these categories with Core Sets for spinal cord injury (SCI) and occupational therapists; calculation of content density, content diversity and range of linked categories; and calculation of agreement between two independent linkage versions. Results: All except one identified KB Scale concept could be linked to ICF categories. The occupational therapists Core Sets were most consistent with linked categories in the KB Scale. Content density, content diversity and range varied between the different KB Scale dimensions. Agreement was reliable for the whole KB Scale and for 5 of 6 dimensions. Conclusion: The ICF has provided a valuable reference to identify and quantify the concepts in the KB Scale. Furthermore, comparison between the KB Scale and ICF Core Sets provides insights into areas covered by these instruments.
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| 13. |
- Ericson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Expanding the social dimension - Towards a knowledge base for product-service innovation
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Impacting society through engineering design. - Glasgow : Design Research Society. - 9781904670230 ; , s. 143-152
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extension of businesses to incorporate the provision of function as a service in supplement to standalone products is an ongoing movement in manufacturing industry. In short, this means that the development intent should be guided by the need of ‘performance in use’ that the customer wants, e.g. thrust rather than an engine. By this, the established knowledge base challenges the development team. This paper embarks from the assumption that there are three main challenges, i.e. (1) innovation activities, (2) customer data acquisition and (3) the transformation of data into design information. The purpose is to discuss knowledge sharing activities to contribute to product-service innovation. In this study it has been found that contemporary data acquisition activities filter out important dimensions of knowledge. Thus, does not provide a sound base for service provisions.
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| 14. |
- Ericson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
In search of what is missing : needfinding the SIRIUS way
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Fourth IASTED International Conference on Knowledge Sharing and Collaborative Engineering. - Anaheim : ACTA Press. - 0889866090
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- “Listen closely to your customers, and you are more likely to design products that actually meet or even exceed their needs.”: Such statements have come to dominate company innovation strategies in the last decade, but in reality involving customers in product development is not as straightforward as it sounds. Customers, it is becoming clear, cannot always express their needs adequately. Especially, in the case of innovative products where the starting position by definition includes no existing solution, applying a user-orientated approach is paramount. We argue that techniques for ‘needfinding’ must be the point of departure. This has importance both in terms of methodological issues – how to find customer needs? – and for organizational work – who should be engaged in finding customer needs? In our view, engineers must be involved in identifying and understanding those needs. We have learnt through a series of studies, that structured needfinding by engineers during the earliest phases of product development could better support the process of identifying needs and thereby guide design projects. In this way, two basic problems are overcome. Firstly, identifying needs which are otherwise difficult to articulate becomes possible. Secondly, translation difficulties between customers and engineers are eradicated
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| 15. |
- Ericson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
In search of what is missing - needfinding the SIRIUS way
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th IASTED International Conference on Knowledge Sharing and Collaborative Engineering, KSCE 2006. - St Thomas, US Virgin Islands : ACTA Press. - 0889866090
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- “Listen closely to your customers, and you are more likely to design products that actually meet or even exceed their needs.”: Such statements have come to dominate company innovation strategies in the last decade, but in reality involving customers in product development is not as straightforward as it sounds. Customers, it is becoming clear, cannot always express their needs adequately. Especially, in the case of innovative products where the starting position by definition includes no existing solution, applying a user-orientated approach is paramount. We argue that techniques for ‘needfinding’ must be the point of departure. This has importance both in terms of methodological issues – how to find customer needs? – and for organizational work – who should be engaged in finding customer needs? In our view, engineers must be involved in identifying and understanding those needs. We have learnt through a series of studies, that structured needfinding by engineers during the earliest phases of product development could better support the process of identifying needs and thereby guide design projects. In this way, two basic problems are overcome. Firstly, identifying needs which are otherwise difficult to articulate becomes possible. Secondly, translation difficulties between customers and engineers are eradicated
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| 16. |
- Ericson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Revisiting the Research Field of Product-Service Systems Development
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference : IDETC/CI. - New York : American Society of Mechanical Engineers. - 9780791845028 ; 3, s. 1043-1049
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The research within the Product-Service Systems (PSS) field aims to support manufacturing industries’ ability to provide value in terms of a service offer to its customers, simultaneously taking a more holistic approach to eco-sustainability. The industrial idea of providing customer benefits in parallel with robust products is not new, yet equipping engineers to conduct innovation and applying a service perspective in the early design stages is noticed as fairly radical. The purpose in this paper is two-fold. First, to describe research efforts within the PSS field seen through our engineering design lenses, second, to explore and discuss plausible directions and by that identify “white spots” on the map, which may be seen as relevant directions for futureresearch.
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| 17. |
- Holm, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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A linear programming model for optimizing HDR brachytherapy dose distributions with respect to mean dose in the DVH-tail
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Medical physics (Lancaster). - : American Association of Physicists in Medicine. - 0094-2405. ; 40:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Recent research has shown that the optimization model hitherto used in high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy corresponds weakly to the dosimetric indices used to evaluate the quality of a dose distribution. Although alternative models that explicitly include such dosimetric indices have been presented, the inclusion of the dosimetric indices explicitly yields intractable models. The purpose of this paper is to develop a model for optimizing dosimetric indices that is easier to solve than those proposed earlier. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: In this paper, the authors present an alternative approach for optimizing dose distributions for HDR brachytherapy where dosimetric indices are taken into account through surrogates based on the conditional value-at-risk concept. This yields a linear optimization model that is easy to solve, and has the advantage that the constraints are easy to interpret and modify to obtain satisfactory dose distributions. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: The authors show by experimental comparisons, carried out retrospectively for a set of prostate cancer patients, that their proposed model corresponds well with constraining dosimetric indices. All modifications of the parameters in the authors model yield the expected result. The dose distributions generated are also comparable to those generated by the standard model with respect to the dosimetric indices that are used for evaluating quality. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: The authors new model is a viable surrogate to optimizing dosimetric indices and quickly and easily yields high quality dose distributions.
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| 18. |
- Holm, Åsa
(författare)
-
Dose Plan Optimization in HDR Brachytherapy using Penalties : Properties and Extensions
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- High dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy is a specific type of radiotherapy used to treat tumours of for example the cervix, prostate, and breasts. In HDR brachytherapy applicators are implanted into or close to the tumour volume. A radioactive source is moved through these applicators and stops at certain positions, known as dwell points. For each patient an anatomy-based dose plan is created that decides for example where to place the applicators, which dwell points to use, and for how long. The aim when creating a dose plan is to deliver an as high dose as possible to the tumour while simultaneously keeping the dose to the surrounding healthy organs as low as possible.In order to improve the quality of dose plans mathematical optimization methods are today used in clinical practice. Usually one solves a linear penalty model that minimizes a weighted deviation from dose intervals provided by a physician. In this thesis we study certain properties and alterations of this model.One interesting property of the model that we study is the distribution of the basic variables. We show that due to the distribution of these variables only a limited number of dwell positions can be used. Since relatively few dwell positions are used some of the corresponding dwell times have to be long in order for the desired overall dose level to be reached. These long dwell times have been observed in clinical practice and are considered to be a problem.Another property that we study is the correlation between the objective value of the linear penalty model and dose-volume parameters used for evaluation of dose plans. We show that the correlation is weak, which implies that optimizing the linear penalty model does not give a solution to the correct problem.Some alternative models are also considered. One that includes into the optimization the decision of where to place the applicators, when HDR brachytherapy is applied for prostate cancer, and one that reduces the long dwell times by using piecewise linear penalties. The solutions to both models show significant improvements.
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| 19. |
- Holm, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Heuristics for Integrated Optimization of Catheter Positioning and Dwell Time Distribution in Prostate HDR Brachytherapy
- 2016
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Ingår i: Annals of Operations Research. - : Springer. - 0254-5330 .- 1572-9338. ; 236:2, s. 319-339
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy is a kind of radiotherapy used to treat, among others, prostate cancer. When applied to prostate cancer a radioactive source is moved through catheters implanted into the prostate. For each patient a treatment plan is constructed that decide for example catheter placement and dwell time distribution, that is where to stop the radioactive source and for how long.Mathematical optimization methods has been used to find quality plans with respect to dwell time distribution, however few optimization approaches regarding catheter placement have been studied. In this article we present an integrated optimization model that optimize catheter placement and dwell time distribution simultaneously. Our results show that integrating the two decisions yields greatly improved plans, from 15% to 94% improvement.Since the presented model is computationally demanding to solve we also present three heuristics: tabu search, variable neighbourhood search and genetic algorithm. Of these variable neighbourhood search is clearly the best, outperforming a state-of-the-art optimization software (CPLEX) and the two other heuristics.
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| 20. |
- Holm, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Using Linear Optimization Models in Dose Planning for HDR Brachytherapy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Medical physics (Lancaster). - : American Association of Physicists in Medicine. - 0094-2405. ; 39:2, s. 1021-1028
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Dose plans generated with optimization models hitherto used in HDR brachytherapy have shown a tendency to yield longer dwell times than manually optimized plans. Concern has been raised for the corresponding undesired hot spots and various methods to mitigate these have been developed. The hypotheses of this work are a) that one cause for the long dwell times is the use of objective functions comprising simple linear penalties and b) that alternative penalties, being piecewise linear, would lead to reduced length of individual dwell times.Methods: The characteristics of the linear penalties and the piecewise linear penalties are analysed mathematically. Experimental comparisons between the two types of penalties are carried out retrospectively for a set of prostate cancer patients.Results: While most dose-volume parameters do not differ significantly between the two types of penalties significant changes can be seen in the dwell times. On the average, total dwell times were reduced by 4.2%, with a reduction of maximum dwell times by 30%, using the alternative penalties.Conclusion: The use of linear penalties in optimization models for HDR brachytherapy is one cause for undesired longer dwell times appearing in mathematically optimized plans. By introducing alternative penalties significant reduction in dwell times can be achieved for HDR brachytherapy dose plans. Although various constraints as to reduce the long dwell times have been developed our finding is of fundamental interest in showing the shape of the objective function to be one reason for their appearance.
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| 21. |
- Holm, Åsa
(författare)
-
Mathematical Optimization of HDR Brachytherapy
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One out of eight deaths throughout the world is due to cancer. Developing new treatments and improving existing treatments is hence of major importance. In this thesis we have studied how mathematical optimization can be used to improve an existing treatment method: high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy.HDR brachytherapy is a radiation modality used to treat tumours of for example the cervix, prostate, breasts, and skin. In HDR brachytherapy catheters are implanted into or close to the tumour volume. A radioactive source is moved through the catheters, and by adjusting where the catheters are placed, called catheter positioning, and how the source is moved through the catheters, called the dwelling time pattern, the dose distribution can be controlled.By constructing an individualized catheter positioning and dwelling time pattern, called dose plan, based on each patient's anatomy, it is possible to improve the treatment result. Mathematical optimization has during the last decade been used to aid in creating individualized dose plans. The dominating optimization model for this purpose is a linear penalty model. This model only considers the dwelling time pattern within already implanted catheters, and minimizes a weighted deviation from dose intervals prescribed by a physician.In this thesis we show that the distribution of the basic variables in the linear penalty model implies that only dwelling time patterns that have certain characteristics can be optimal. These characteristics cause troublesome inhomogeneities in the plans, and although various measures for mitigating these are already available, it is of fundamental interest to understand their cause.We have also shown that the relationship between the objective function of the linear penalty model and the measures commonly used for evaluating the quality of the dose distribution is weak. This implies that even if the model is solved to optimality there is no guarantee that the generated plan is optimal with respect to clinically relevant objectives, or even near-optimal. We have therefore constructed a new model for optimizing the dwelling time pattern. This model approximates the quality measures by the concept conditional value-at-risk, and we show that the relationship between our new model and the quality measures is strong. Furthermore, the new model generates dwelling time patterns that yield high-quality dose distributions.Combining optimization of the dwelling time pattern with optimization of the catheter positioning yields a problem for which it is rarely possible to find a proven optimal solution within a reasonable time frame. We have therefore developed a variable neighbourhood search heuristic that outperforms a state-of-the-art optimization software (CPLEX). We have also developed a tailored branch-and-bound algorithm that is better at improving the dual bound than a general branch-and-bound algorithm. This is a step towards the development of a method that can find proven optimal solutions to the combined problem within a reasonable time frame.
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| 22. |
- Holm, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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On the Correlation Between DVH Parameters and Linear Penalties in Optimization of HDR Prostate Brachytherapy Dose Plans
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When optimizing dwell times for HDR brachytherapy it is common to use a model comprising an objective of linear penalties. However whether a planis considered good or not depends on other measures such as DVH-based parameters. We show through experiments that the correlation between the value of the objective function and the values of DVH-based parameters, such as D90, is weak in some cases. It seems that the objective function can only classify solutions into better or worse, however it can not distinguish the best with respect to DVH-based parameters.
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| 23. |
- Holm, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Study of the Relationship Between Dosimetric Indices and Linear Penalties in Dose Distribution Optimization for HDR Prostate Brachytherapy
- 2013
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: Most clinical software for optimizing dwelling time patterns is based on a linear penalty model. The quality of a dose distribution generated by the dwelling time pattern is, however, evaluated through a number of dosimetric indices. The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between the linear penalty model and the dosimetric indices.Method and Materials: Data sets from three patients, previously treated for prostate cancer with HDR brachytherapy as a boost to external beam therapy, were used for this study, and for each of them 300 random dwelling time patterns were generated. The relationship between the linear penalty model and the dosimetric indices were studied both by the Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient between the objective function value of the linear penalty model and the values of the dosimetric indices, and by scatter-grams.Results: For one of the three patients we found a clear connection between the linear penalty model and the values of the dosimetric indices, but not for the other two. For the two patients without a clear connection there where some dosimetric indices that actually improved with deteriorating objective function value.Conclusion: The dwelling time pattern found by using the linear penalty model does not correspond to the optimal dose distribution with respect to dosimetric indices.
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| 24. |
- Kastensson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Embracing risk to pursue product innovation in automotive industry
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A company’s ability to successfully introduce radically new products and services is a key success factor for sustaining competitive advantage. This is particularly true for the automotive industry, where smaller manufacturers with niche products struggle to compete with the large-scale efforts of their bigger competitors, and are thus in desperate need to innovate their way out of the current crisis. A key challenge for companies seeking innovation is how to better understand the role of risk in innovative practice. The purpose of this study is to investigate how managers within an automotive company perceive the concept of innovation and the relation between innovation and risk. The study is based on interviews with fifteen managers representing a cross-section of disciplines. The analysis of the informants’ answers resulted in two overarching themes, “novelty” and “value”, which were further broken down into seven sub-themes to highlight different facets of innovation that were raised by managers from these disciplines. While there were many similarities in the perceptions, the most striking differences related to; 1) innovation as being about the “combination of things to something new”, and 2) innovation as being about increasing “customer value”. Several informants noted that risk taking is a success factor to achieve innovation, but they also acknowledged that there are several inhibiting factors that are in contradiction with this approach, such as limited time and money. Further the paper has highlighted the crucial challenge of how to effectively balance risk and opportunity to invest in long-term opportunities, without risking short-term growth.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Larsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Engineering 2.0 : exploring lightweight technologies for the virtual enterprise
- 2010
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Ingår i: From CSCW to Web 2.0. - London : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 9781848829640 - 9781848829657 ; , s. 173-191
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a traditional business partnership, the partner companies are under contractual obligation to share data, information, and knowledge through one or several information systems that the leading firm decides. In such a case, the issue of sharing "whatever needs to be shared" is settled in contracts before any action is taken, however, also giving the implications that sharing expertise becomes a heavy and time-consuming activity. In turn, it can be argued that the heavy administration affects the lead time of product development negatively since the necessary input flows are delayed. In addition, the adaptation to certain predefined collaborative information systems is both expensive and resource-consuming (e.g., educating staff to use them). Also, the system might not be adaptable to the existing internal technology structure, causing a "translation" procedure, again taking up resources. Another structure for collaboration is a network or alliance of independent partner companies. One motivation for a network structure is that the partners can join or leave it more easily. A reason for joining and staying is an implicit sense of knowledge sharing (Tomkins 2001) and access to a "win-win" environment. Furthermore, the partners can be linked by information technology, i.e., forming a virtual structure rather than a physical one. The technologies provide the channels with additional knowledge. In a best-case scenario, a company would get access to a wide range of useful competences, and in a worst-case scenario the company would be drained of its core competences. Accordingly, at least two considerations for joining a partner network can be considered. First, the resources needed to couple the technologies have to be reasonable, due to the underpinning logic of going in and out of more than one network. Second, the company has to identify its knowledge base and evaluate the prospective gains and losses of sharing its expertise.
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| 27. |
- Larsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Engineering 2.0 - Exploring Lightweight Technologies for the Virtual Enterprise
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on the Design of Cooperative Systems, COOP 08.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a Virtual Enterprise setting, it becomes increasingly important to make sure that knowledge and expertise created in one discipline, domain or company is correctly understood and quickly utilized by other actors throughout the value chain. This paper discusses why lightweight technology seems like a particularly promising concept in this context, and why Virtual Enterprises could benefit from learning more about tag clouds, mashups, wikis, and other ‘lightweight' technologies, as complements to the large-scale, arguably ‘heavyweight', product life-cycle management (PLM) systems of current practice. The paper draws on data from a number of product development projects - ranging from the development of manufacturing tools and industrial drive systems, to aircraft engines and armored terrain vehicles. The paper identifies both the kinds of problem typically experienced in the Virtual Enterprise, in relation to knowledge sharing, and explores ways in which lightweight technology might be adapted to solve them.
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| 28. |
- Larsson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Project: PIEp - Product Innovation Engineering Programme
- 2011
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- PROJEKTSAMMANFATTNINGPIEp, Product Innovation Engineering Program är ett nationellt program som syftar till att stärka förmågan till innovativ produkt- och affärsutveckling. PIEp spänner över fältet från teori till praktik, från forskning om innovationssystem till proaktivt arbete för att stärka innovationskraft och därigenom uppnå en systemförändring inom forskning, utbildning och utveckling. PIEp skall pågå under tio år, 2007-2016 och engagera flera av Sveriges lärosäten och forskningsinstitut involverade i innovation och produktutveckling. PIEp leds och administreras vid KTH i partnerskap med Lunds Tekniska Högskola, Högskolan i Jönköping, Designhögskolan vid Umeå Universitet, Centrum för Teknik, Medicin och Hälsa, Luleå Tekniska Universitet, samt en rad företag och organisationer.
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| 29. |
- Lundgren, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced morbidity at diagnosis and improved glycemic control in children previously enrolled in DiPiS follow-up
- 2014
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X. ; 15:7, s. 494-501
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis: Children participating in longitudinal type 1 diabetes prediction studies were reported to have less severe disease at diabetes diagnosis. Our aim was to investigate children who from birth participated in the Diabetes Prediction in Skane (DiPiS) study for metabolic status at diagnosis and then continued to be followed for 2 yr of regular clinical care. Methods: Children, followed in DiPiS before diagnosis, were compared to children in the same birth cohort, who did not participate in follow-up. Metabolic status, symptoms at diagnosis as well as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and doses of insulin at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after diagnosis were compared. Results: Children, followed in DiPiS and diagnosed at 2-12 yr of age, had 0.8% (9 mmol/mol) lower HbA1c at diagnosis than those who were not followed (p=0.006). At diagnosis, fewer DiPiS children had symptoms (p=0.014) and ketoacidosis at diagnosis were reduced (2% compared to 18%, p=0.005). During regular clinical care, HbA1c levels for the DiPiS children remained lower both at 12 (0.4% (4 mmol/mol); p=0.009) and 24 months (0.8% (9 mmol/mol) p < 0.001) after diagnosis, despite no difference in total daily insulin between the two groups. Conclusions: Participation in prospective follow-up before diagnosis of type 1 diabetes leads to earlier diagnosis with fewer symptoms, decreased incidence of ketoacidosis as well as better metabolic control up to 2 yr after diagnosis. Our data indicate that metabolic control at the time of diabetes diagnosis is important for early metabolic control possibly affecting the risk of long-term complications.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Nilsdotter-Augustinsson, Åsa, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Staphylococcus aureus, but not Staphylococcus epidermidis, modulates the oxidative response and induces apoptosis in human neutrophils
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - : Wiley. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 112:2, s. 109-118
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- S. epidermidis is the most common isolate in foreign body infections. The aim of this study was to understand why S. epidermidis causes silent biomaterial infections. In view of the divergent inflammatory responses S. epidermidis and S. aureus cause in patients, we analyzed how they differ when interacting with human neutrophils. Neutrophils interacting with S. epidermidis strains isolated either from granulation tissue covering infected hip prostheses or from normal skin flora were tested by measuring the oxidative response as chemiluminescence and apoptosis as annexin V binding. Different S. aureus strains were tested in parallel. All S. epidermidis tested were unable to modulate the oxidative reaction in response to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and did not provoke, but rather inhibited, apoptosis. In contrast, some S. aureus strains enhanced the oxidative reaction, and this priming capacity was linked to p38-mitogen-activated-protein-kinase (p38-MAPK) activation and induction of apoptosis. Our results may explain why S. epidermidis is a weak inducer of inflammation compared to S. aureus, and therefore responsible for the indolent and chronic course of S. epidermidis biomaterial infections.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Rafsten, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Gothenburg Very Early Supported Discharge study (GOTVED) : a randomised controlled trial investigating anxiety and overall disability in the first year after stroke
- 2019
-
Ingår i: BMC Neurology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2377. ; 19, s. 1-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Early supported discharge (ESD) has been shown to be efficient and safe as part of the stroke care pathway. The best results have been seen with a multidisciplinary team and after mild to moderate stroke. However, how very early supported discharge (VESD) works has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate whether VESD for stroke patients in need of ongoing individualized rehabilitation affects the level of anxiety and overall disability for the patient compared with ordinary discharge routine.METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was performed with intention to treat analyses comparing VESD and ordinary discharge from hospital. All patients admitted at the stroke care unit at Sahlgrenska University Hospital of Gothenburg between August 2011 and April 2016 were screened. Inclusion occurred on day 4 using a block randomization of 20 and with a blinded assessor. Assessments were made 5 days post-stroke and 3 and 12 months post-stroke. Patients in the VESD group underwent continued rehabilitation in their homes with a multidisciplinary team from the stroke care unit for a maximum of 1 month. The patients in the control group had support as usual after discharge when needed such as home care service and outpatient rehabilitation. The primary outcome was anxiety as assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale (HADS-A). The secondary outcome was the patients' degree of overall disability, measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the groups regarding anxiety at three or 12 months post-stroke (p = 0.811). The overall disability was significantly lower in the VESD group 3 months post-stroke (p = 0.004), compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the groups 1 year post-stroke.CONCLUSIONS: The VESD does not affects the level of anxiety compared to ordinary rehabilitation. The VESD leads to a faster improvement of overall disability compared to ordinary rehabilitation. We suggest considering coordinated VESD for patients with mild to moderate stroke in addition to ordinary rehabilitation as part of the service from a stroke unit.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov: NCT01622205. Registered 19 June 2012 (retrospectively registered).
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| 34. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 35. |
- Adolfsson, Göran, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Realization of spectrally engineered semiconductor Fabry-Perot lasers with narrow geometrical tolerances
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 109:9, s. 093112-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spectrally engineered semiconductor Fabry-Perot laser resonators are designed to enhance the optical feedback for selected longitudinal modes, which thereby require less gain for lasing. This is achieved by introducing refractive index perturbations along the length of the resonator. However,the physical realization of these resonators is a challenge because of very narrow tolerances; in particular the need for precise positioning of the end facets of the resonator in relation to the perturbations, and the excess propagation loss associated with the perturbations, has been a majorconcern. We report on a method to achieve high-quality end facet mirrors enabling precise positioning relative to the perturbations, the latter which are realized as lateral corrugations of the waveguide. Measurements show that the mirror quality is comparable to that of cleaved mirrorsand that the additional loss introduced by the perturbations adds
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| 36. |
- Ahlgren, Erik, 1962, et al.
(författare)
-
Biokombi Rya - slutrapporter från ingående delprojekt
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom projektet Biokombi Rya har ett flertal olika forskargrupper samarbetat för att studera system¬effekterna av förgasning av biobränsle ur olika aspekter. Syftet med projektet är att öka kunskapen om biobränsleförgasning i Sverige samt att utreda förutsättningar för att sådana anläggningar ska vara ekonomiskt och miljömässigt intressanta. En referensgrupp har varit kopplad till projektet där förutsättningar, resultat och slutsatser har behandlats.I denna underlagsrapport har slutrapporterna från projektets delprojekt samlats. De beskriver förutsättningar, metodansatser, använda data och resultat utförligt och utgör på så sätt ett viktigt komplement till den mer övergripande beskrivningen i projektets syntesrapport. De delrapporter som ingår har valts för att täcka in samtliga delar av projektet som är av allmänt intresse. Projektresultat som publicerats på annat sätt berörs dock mer kortfattat.Projektet Biokombi Rya har pågått under två år (2005-2006) och drivits av Chalmers EnergiCentrum. Förutom de omfattande analysinsatser som författarna till denna rapport står för, har Avdelningen för kemisk teknologi vid KTH, Siemens Industrial Turbines AB och Göteborg Energi AB bidragit med expertstöd. CIT Industriell Energianalys, med undertecknad som projektledare, har stått för projektledning och koordination.Projektet har finansierats av Energimyndigheten, Göteborg Energis forsknings¬stiftelse samt Göteborg Energi AB.
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| 37. |
- Ahlin, Sofie, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Fracture risk after three bariatric surgery procedures in Swedish obese subjects : up to 26 years follow-up of a controlled intervention study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 287:5, s. 546-557
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies have reported an increased fracture risk after bariatric surgery. Objective: To investigate the association between different bariatric surgery procedures and fracture risk. Methods: Incidence rates and hazard ratios for fracture events were analysed in the Swedish Obese Subjects study; an ongoing, nonrandomized, prospective, controlled intervention study. Hazard ratios were adjusted for risk factors for osteoporosis and year of inclusion. Information on fracture events were captured from the Swedish National Patient Register. The current analysis includes 2007 patients treated with bariatric surgery (13.3% gastric bypass, 18.7% gastric banding, and 68.0% vertical banded gastroplasty) and 2040 control patients with obesity matched on group level based on 18 variables. Median follow-up was between 15.1 and 17.9 years for the different treatment groups. Results: During follow-up, the highest incidence rate for first-time fracture was observed in the gastric bypass group (22.9 per 1000 person-years). The corresponding incidence rates were 10.4, 10.7 and 9.3 per 1000 person-years for the vertical banded gastroplasty, gastric banding and control groups, respectively. The risk of fracture was increased in the gastric bypass group compared with the control group (adjusted hazard ratio [adjHR] 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02–3.31; P < 0.001), the gastric banding group (adjHR 1.99; 95%CI 1.41–2.82; P < 0.001), and the vertical banded gastroplasty group (adjHR 2.15; 95% CI 1.66–2.79; P < 0.001). Conclusions: The risk of fracture is increased after gastric bypass surgery. Our findings highlight the need for long-term follow-up of bone health for patients undergoing this treatment.
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| 38. |
- Ahn, Song-ee, 1972-
(författare)
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Ur kurs : Utbytesstudenters rörelser i tid och rum
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this dissertation is to study exchange students’ movement and exchange studies as a trajectory in time and space. The dissertation is based on interviews with fourteen Korean exchange students at Swedish universities. The theoretical framework is based on Actor–Network Theory (ANT). ANT argues that everything that does something is an actor (human and non-human) and that an actor cannot be separated from a network that acts through the actor. ANT also argues that one’s location is not explained only in terms of Euclidean space and time but also in terms of spatiality and temporality, which are a network’s production. The dissertation shows that the students were enrolled and mobilized in the exchange programs by heterogeneous actors and that there were specific network spaces that produced exchange students at the home universities. The exchange students were excluded at the Swedish host universities by being formally included without direction. At the host universities, they went off course from their educational trajectories because the curriculum disappeared during their exchange studies. The dissertation also shows that the exchange students were enrolled and mobilized in the networks of “international students” at the host universities. Theses exchange students instead moved in the same way as the other exchange students, which stabilized the networks of “international students” at the host universities. It describes how the exchange students acted at a distance as actor of networks in Korea. When they returned, many of them had to prolong their educational period. This was a result of the translation of exchange studies at the home universities. In this dissertation, it shows that the exchange program was performed not only by individual exchange students; rather, it was performed in the associations of heterogeneous actors.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Alenljung, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Struggling with everyday life after mild stroke with cognitive impairments - The experiences of working age women
- 2019
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Ingår i: British Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 0308-0226 .- 1477-6006. ; 82:4, s. 227-234
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction The aim of this study was to explore how women of working age who have had a mild stroke resulting in cognitive impairment experience and manage their everyday lives. Method Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The participants consisted of 10 women of working age who had sustained cognitive impairment after a mild stroke. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results Three main categories appeared: The everyday is affected by the symptoms, Living strategies, and The social environment effects and changes. Participants feel insecure about their abilities and capabilities, experience anxiety and fear in relation to work, and find it hard to live up to demands and expectations. They are required to plan their daily activities in a new way and to prioritise chores that benefit the family, rather than follow their own interests and social activities. In order to cope with everyday life, they need to allocate chores to other family members. Conclusions The constant impact of fatigue and cognitive impairments affects everyday life. The women said that they had to learn to continuously manage their limitations through their experience of everyday life, something that can be facilitated with occupational therapy.
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| 41. |
- Amin, Khabat, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of road safety trends 2020 : Management by objectives for road safety work towards the 2020 interim targets
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish road safety management is based on the Vision Zero and designated interim targets to track progress towards its achievement. 2020 was the final year for achieving the interim target of halving the number of fatalities between 2007 and 2020, i.e., a maximum of 220 fatalities in 2020. The interim target also specifies that the number of seriously injured in road traffic must be reduced by a quarter. This report describes and analyses the current road safety trends in terms of road safety performance indicators and the numbers of fatalities and seriously injured. As this report is the last for the 2007-2020 interim target period, it can be seen as a final summary of how well the targets were achieved for fatalities and seriously injured and for the safety performance indicators. However, it is also important to remember that the year 2020 coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic, which had a profound impact on virtually the entire society. This affected travel in a number of different ways, and consequently it is impossible to estimate the impact this has had on the outcome in 2020, although it probably has led to a slightly lower outcome. The table below shows starting and final values together with an overview of whether the safety performance indicators have met the 2020 targets.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Andersén, Åsa, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Positive experiences of a vocational rehabilitation intervention for individuals on long-term sick leave, the Dirigo project : a qualitative study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The process of returning to work after long-term sick leave can sometimes be complex. Many factors, (e.g. cooperation between different authorities and the individual as well as individual factors such as health, emotional well-being and self-efficacy) may have an impact on an individual’s ability to work. The aim of this study was to investigate clients’ experiences with an individually tailored vocational rehabilitation, the Dirigo project, and encounters with professionals working on it. The Dirigo project was based on collaboration between rehabilitation authorities, individually tailored interventions and a motivational interviewing approach. Methods: A descriptive qualitative design was used with data collected through interviews. Fourteen individuals on long-term sick leave took part in individual semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analysed using content analysis.Results: The analysis showed overall positive experience of methods and encounters with professionals in a vocational rehabilitation project. The positive experiences were based on four key factors: 1. Opportunities for receiving various dimensions of support. 2. Good overall treatment by the professionals. 3. Satisfaction with the working methods of the project, and 4. Opportunities for personal development.Conclusions: The main result showed that the clients had an overall positive experience of a vocational rehabilitation project and encounters with professionals who used motivational interviewing as a communication method. The overall positive experience indicated that their interactions with the different professionals may have affected their self-efficacy in general and in relation to transition to work. The knowledge is essential for the professionals working in the area of vocational rehabilitation. However, vocational rehabilitation interventions also need a societal approach to be able to offer clients opportunities for job training and real jobs.
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| 44. |
- Andersén, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of self-efficacy in women on long-term sick leave
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. - 0342-5282 .- 1473-5660. ; 38:4, s. 320-326
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-efficacy has been shown to be related to sick leave and to be a predictor of return to work after sickness absence. The aim of this study was to investigate whether factors related to sick leave predict self-efficacy in women on long-term sick leave because of pain and/or mental illness. This cross-sectional study uses baseline data from 337 Swedish women with pain and/or mental illness. All included women took part in vocational rehabilitation. Data were collected through a sick leave register and a baseline questionnaire. General self-efficacy, sociodemographics, self-rated health, anxiety, depression, view of the future, and social support were measured and analyzed by univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. The full multivariate linear regression model, which included mental health factors together with all measured factors, showed that anxiety and depression were the only predictive factors of lower self-efficacy (adjusted R-2 = 0.46, P < 0.001) and explained 46% of the variance in self-efficacy. The mean scores of general self-efficacy were low, especially in women born abroad, those with low motivation, those with uncertainties about returning to work, and women reporting distrust. Anxiety and depression are important factors to consider when targeting self-efficacy in vocational rehabilitation.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Andersén, Åsa, 1975-
(författare)
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Self-efficacy, Vocational Rehabilitation and Transition to Work
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, individually tailored vocational rehabilitation and transition to work or studies.Study I was a cross-sectional study based on questionnaire- and registry data, investigating whether factors related to sick leave predict self-efficacy in women on long-term sick leave (n= 337) due to pain and/or mental illness. General self-efficacy was low. Anxiety and depression were the strongest predictors for low self-efficacy.Study II used longitudinal data from a randomised controlled trial, comprising partly the same women (n=401) as in Study I. Participants were allocated to either 1) assessment of multidisciplinary team and multimodal intervention (TEAM), 2) acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), or 3) control group. Self-efficacy increased in the TEAM group in comparison with the control group.Study III had a descriptive qualitative design with individual interviews, studying participants’ (n=14) experiences with an individually tailored vocational rehabilitation project, and encounters with professionals working in it. The participants, who were on long-term sick leave due to mental illness or pain reported overall positive experiences with the project. The project was based on collaboration between authorities and motivational interviewing. The positive experiences were based on four categories: Opportunities for receiving various dimensions of support, Good overall treatment by the professionals, Satisfaction with the working methods of the project, and Opportunities for personal development.Study IV was a prospective cohort study investigating perceived self-efficacy in unemployed young adults (n= 249) aged 19-29 year with disabilities, and the association between self-efficacy and transition to work or studies. The study used questionnaire- and registry data from a vocational rehabilitation project. Higher levels of self-efficacy were associated with increased odds for ‘transition to work’. General self-efficacy was low, and young adults with lower self-efficacy reported worse self-rated health compared with those with higher self-efficacy.This thesis showed that multidisciplinary assessment with a multimodal intervention had positive effects on self-efficacy. Individually tailored vocational rehabilitation, based on cooperation and motivational interviewing, may be beneficial for individuals on long-term sick leave and the interactions between participants and the professionals may affect participants’ self-efficacy positively. Mental health needs to be considered when targeting self-efficacy in vocational rehabilitation. Furthermore, research is needed to a) clarify which components in the multidisciplinary team intervention can increase self-efficacy, b) study the effects of vocational rehabilitation based on an individual design, cooperation and motivational interviewing on self-efficacy, health and transition to work, and c) develop interventions that can increase self-efficacy and support transition to work/ studies in young adults with disabilities.
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| 49. |
- Andersén, Åsa, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Strengthened General Self-Efficacy with Multidisciplinary Vocational Rehabilitation in Women on Long-Term Sick Leave : A Randomised Controlled Trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of occupational rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1053-0487 .- 1573-3688. ; 28:4, s. 691-700
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To investigate the effects of two vocational rehabilitation interventions on self-efficacy, for women on long-term sick leave ≥ 1 year due to chronic pain and/or mental illness. Methods This study uses data from a randomised controlled trial consisting of two phases and comprising 401 women on long-term sick leave. They were allocated to either (1) a multidisciplinary team assessment and multimodal intervention (TEAM), (2) acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), or (3) control group. Data were collected through repeated measurements from self-reported questionnaires before intervention, 6 and 12 months later and registry data. Data from measurements of general self-efficacy, sociodemographics, anxiety and depression were analysed with linear regression analyses. Results During the intervention period, the women in the TEAM group’s self-efficacy mean increased from 2.29 to 2.74. The adjusted linear regression model, which included group allocation, sociodemographics, self-efficacy pre-treatment, anxiety and depression showed increased self-efficacy for those in the TEAM intervention at 12 months (B = 0.25, 95% CI 0.10–0.41). ACT intervention had no effect on self-efficacy at 12 months (B = 0.02, 95% CI − 0.16 to 0.19). The results in the adjusted model also showed that higher self-efficacy at pre-treatment was associated with a higher level of self-efficacy at 12 months (B = 0.68, 95% CI 0.54–0.81). Conclusion A multidisciplinary team assessment and multimodal intervention increased self-efficacy in women on sick leave for an extremely long time (mean 7.8 years) who had a low mean level of self-efficacy prior to inclusion. Thus, self-efficacy needs to be addressed in vocational rehabilitation.
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| 50. |
- Andersén, Åsa, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between self-efficacy and transition to work or studies in young adults with disabilities
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 46:2, s. 272-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate perceived self-efficacy in unemployed young adults with disabilities and the association between self-efficacy and transition to work or studies. Methods: This prospective cohort study collected data through self-report questionnaires and registry data from a vocational rehabilitation project with young adults, aged 19-29 years. The Swedish Social Insurance Agency, the Swedish Public Employment Service and the participating municipalities identified potential participants to the study. A total of 531 participants were included in the study, of which 249 (47%) were available for analysis. Multinomial logistic regression models were carried out to estimate the associations between self-efficacy, demographic, health and employment status. The latter was coded as: “no transition to work or studies”, “transition to studies”, and “transition to work”.Results: A higher level of self-efficacy was associated with increased odds for “transition to work” (OR=2.37, p<0.05). This finding remained consistent when adjusting for possible confounders. The mean value of self-efficacy was low, and participants with lower self-efficacy reported worse self-rated health (p<0.001) compared with participants with higher self-efficacy.Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that self-efficacy should be addressed in vocational rehabilitation of young adults with disabilities in order to support their transition and integration into the labour market.
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