| 1. |
- Lundqvist, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Development and psychometric properties of the Swedish ALPS-Neo pain and stress assessment scale for newborn infants
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 103:8, s. 833-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To validate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the ALPS-Neo, a new pain assessment scale created for the continuous evaluation of pain and stress in preterm and sick term infants.METHODS: A unidimensional scale for continuous pain, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Pain Scale (ALPS 1), was developed further to assess continuous pain and stress in infants treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The pain scale includes observations of five behaviours. A manual was created, clarifying the scoring criteria. An internal and an external panel assessed face validity. Psychometric properties were evaluated in three different steps. Inter-rater reliability was estimated from video-based assessments (n = 625) using weighted kappa statistics (test I). Inter-rater reliability was further evaluated in test II (n = 125) and test III (n = 96) by real-time assessments using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha.RESULTS: The final inter-rater reliability (test III) was assessed as good with ICC 0.91 for the total score and 0.62-0.81 for the five items. Cronbach's alpha showed 0.95 for the total score.CONCLUSION: ALPS-Neo is a new assessment tool for optimising the management of pain and stress in newborn infants in the NICU. It has proved easy to implement and user-friendly, permitting fast, reliable observations with high inter-rater reliability.
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| 2. |
- Améen, Caroline, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of gender and GH secretory pattern on sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and its target genes in rat liver.
- 2004
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Ingår i: American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 287:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated whether the sexually dimorphic secretory pattern of growth hormone (GH) in the rat regulates hepatic gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and its target genes. SREBP-1c, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) mRNA were more abundant in female than in male livers, whereas acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC1) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) were similarly expressed in both sexes. Hypophysectomized female rats were given GH as a continuous infusion or as two daily injections for 7 days to mimic the female- and male-specific GH secretory patterns, respectively. The female pattern of GH administration increased the expression of SREBP-1c, ACC1, FAS, SCD-1, and GPAT mRNA, whereas the male pattern of GH administration increased only SCD-1 mRNA. FAS and SCD-1 protein levels were regulated in a similar manner by GH. Incubation of primary rat hepatocytes with GH increased SCD-1 mRNA levels and decreased FAS and GPAT mRNA levels but had no effect on SREBP-1c mRNA. GH decreased hepatic liver X receptor-alpha (LXRalpha) mRNA levels both in vivo and in vitro. Feminization of the GH plasma pattern in male rats by administration of GH as a continuous infusion decreased insulin sensitivity and increased expression of FAS and GPAT mRNA but had no effect on SREBP-1c, ACC1, SCD-1, or LXRalpha mRNA. In conclusion, FAS and GPAT are specifically upregulated by the female secretory pattern of GH. This regulation is not a direct effect of GH on hepatocytes and does not involve changed expression of SREBP-1c or LXRalpha mRNA but is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity.
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| 3. |
- Bourdieu, Pierre, et al.
(författare)
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Leve idrottspedagogiken : En vänbok tillägnad Lars-Magnus Engström
- 2005
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vem ägnar sig åt idrott? Vilken betydelse har fritiden i barns och ungdomars liv? Vad innebär hälsa i skolämnet idrott och hälsa?Leve idrottspedagogiken! tillägnas Lars-Magnus Engström. Texterna i boken speglar delar av det idrottspedagogiska forskningsområdet i Sverige, vars framväxt Lars-Magnus Engström varit den främste företrädaren för. Läsaren får här ta del av exempelvis idrottskulturen, fritidskulturen och skolans ämne idrott och hälsa. Genomgående handlar texterna om villkoren för barns och ungdomars deltagane och om de olika lärprocesser som sker i anslutning till idrottsutövning.Lars-Magnus Engström har gjort betydande insatser som forskare och lärare samt som professor vid Lärarhögskolan i Stockholm och vid Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan. I snart fyrtion år har han arbetat med studier kring påverkans- och lärprocesser i idrott. Hans forskning har främst kretsat kring människors idrottsvanor och vilka som utvecklar en fysiskt aktiv livsstil. Idrotts- och motionsutövningar ger både ett så kallat egenvärde och investeringsvärde. Med dessa begrepp bland många andra har Lars-Magnus Engström bidragit till en fördjupad vetenskaplig förståelse av idrottskulturen.De flesta författarna har eller har haft Lars-Magnus Engström som handledare och tillhör forskningsgruppen för pedagogik, idrott och fritidskultur. Redaktörer för boken är Karin Redelius och Håkan Larsson.
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| 4. |
- Hadimeri, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A fixed protocol for outpatient clinic routines in the care of patients with severe renal failure
- 2013
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Ingår i: Renal failure. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0886-022X .- 1525-6049. ; 35:6, s. 845-854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The primary aim of this study was to assess whether a fixed protocol, using a specially trained team, for intermediate follow-up to fulfillment of guideline targets is non-inferior to conventional follow-up in the care of uraemic patients. A secondary aim was to investigate possible impact on patient outcome.Methods: The cohort comprised 424 patients from seven centers. Inclusion criteria were either serum creatinine exceeding 200 mu mol/l or calculated clearance below 30 ml/min, representing CKD 4 or 5a. Six centers followed a standardized protocol (group 1). One center provided controls (group 2). The study design was prospective and interventional. The variables measured were blood hemoglobin, bicarbonate, calcium, phosphate, intact parathyroid hormone, albumin, renal function variables, blood pressure and RAAS blockade. The number of patients achieving the set goals was analyzed as a time trend to determine if the intervention resulted in an improvement.Results: At baseline, group 1 had significantly lower GFR and higher serum creatinine, calcium, phosphate, calcium x phosphate product and bicarbonate, lower mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressures and less use of RAAS. During the intervention, group 1 improved in the direction of guidelines for blood hemoglobin, albumin, bicarbonate and MAP. Outcome of secondary endpoints gave a risk of death of 30% in both groups, while the risk of renal replacement therapy was higher in group 1.Conclusions: However, the time to renal replacement therapy was significantly shorter in the intervention group, indicating that other variables than guideline achievements are important for the patient.
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| 5. |
- Johnell, Matilda, et al.
(författare)
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Coagulation, fibrinolysis and cell activation in patients and shed mediastinal blood during coronary artery bypass grafting using a new heparin-coated surface
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-5223 .- 1097-685X. ; 124:2, s. 321-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Heparin coating of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit is shown to improve the biocompatibility of the surface. We have studied a new heparin surface, the Corline Heparin Surface, applied to a complete set of an extracorporeal device used during coronary artery bypass grafting in terms of activation of inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis in patients and in shed mediastinal blood. METHODS: Sixty patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting were randomized to one of 3 groups with heparin-coated devices receiving either a standard, high, or low dose of systemic heparin or to an uncoated but otherwise identical circuit receiving a standard dose of systemic heparin. Samples were drawn before, during, and after the operation from the pericardial cavity and in shed mediastinal blood. No autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood was performed. RESULTS: The Corline Heparin Surface significantly reduced the activation of coagulation, fibrinolysis, platelets, and inflammation compared with that seen with the uncoated surface in combination with a standard dose of systemic heparin during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Both a decrease and an increase of systemic heparin in combination with the coated heparin surface resulted in higher activation of these processes. A significantly higher expression of all studied parameters was found in the shed mediastinal blood compared with in systemic blood at the same time. CONCLUSIONS: The Corline Heparin Surface used in cardiopulmonary bypass proved to be more biocompatible than an uncoated surface when using a standard systemic heparin dose. The low dose of systemic heparin might not be sufficient to maintain the antithrombotic activity, and the high dose resulted in direct cell activation rather than a further anti-inflammatory and anticoagulatory effect.
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| 6. |
- Larsson, C. L., et al.
(författare)
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Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology - nutritional epidemiology (STROBE-nut) : An extension of the STROBE statement
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nutrition Bulletin. - : Wiley. - 1471-9827 .- 1467-3010. ; 13:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concerns have been raised about the quality of reporting in nutritional epidemiology. Research reporting guidelines such as the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement can improve quality of reporting in observational studies. Herein, we propose recommendations for reporting nutritional epidemiology and dietary assessment research by extending the STROBE statement into Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology - Nutritional Epidemiology (STROBE-nut). Recommendations for the reporting of nutritional epidemiology and dietary assessment research were developed following a systematic and consultative process, co-ordinated by a multidisciplinary group of 21 experts. Consensus on reporting guidelines was reached through a three-round Delphi consultation process with 53 external experts. In total, 24 recommendations for nutritional epidemiology were added to the STROBE checklist. When used appropriately, reporting guidelines for nutritional epidemiology can contribute to improve reporting of observational studies with a focus on diet and health.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Olerup, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Women, Work and Computerization - A conference report
- 1985
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 0 444 87864 5 ; , s. 3-12
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reasons for organizing the conference are presented. An overview of the participants is provided. The outcomes of the conference are identified.
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| 9. |
- Ahl, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Translation and validation of the English-language instrument Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionair into Swedish
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 79:1, s. 19-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: In orthognathic surgery, understanding the patient’s motives for treatment is a key factor for postoperative patient satisfaction and treatment success. In countries/systems where orthognathic surgery is funded by public means, patients are referred mainly due to functional problems, although studies of quality of life related changes after treatment indicate that psychosocial and aesthetic reasons might be equal or more important for the patient. There is no available validated condition specific instruments in the Swedish language for quality of life evaluation of patients with dentofacial deformities. Aims/objectives: Cross cultural translation and adaptation of the English-language instrument ‘Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire’ (OQLQ) into Swedish. Methods: OQLQ was translated into Swedish. A total of 121 patients in four groups were recruited and the Swedish version of the OQLQ (OQLQ-S) was tested by psychometric methods. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Validity was evaluated by face, convergent and discriminant validity. Results/findings and conclusions: OQLQ-S is reliable and showed good construct validity and internal consistency and can be used in a Swedish speaking population as a complement to clinical variables to evaluate patients with dentofacial deformity. © 2020, © 2020 Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Society.
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| 10. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Mesolithic human skeletal remains from Tågerup, Scania, Sweden
- 2003
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Ingår i: Mesolithic on the move : papers presented at the Sixth International Conference on the Mesolithic in Europe, Stockholm 2000 - papers presented at the Sixth International Conference on the Mesolithic in Europe, Stockholm 2000. - 1842170899 ; , s. 478-484
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 11. |
- Akesson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Low-Risk Diet and Lifestyle Habits in the Primary Prevention of Myocardial Infarction in Men A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 64:13, s. 1299-1306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Adherence to a combination of healthy dietary and lifestyle practices may have an impressive impact on the primary prevention of myocardial infarction (MI). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the benefit of combined low-risk diet and healthy lifestyle practices on the incidence of MI in men. METHODS The population-based, prospective cohort of Swedish men comprised 45-to 79-year-old men who completed a detailed questionnaire on diet and lifestyle at baseline in 1997. In total, 20,721 men with no history of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, or high cholesterol levels were followed through 2009. Low-risk behavior included 5 factors: a healthy diet (top quintile of Recommended Food Score), moderate alcohol consumption (10 to 30 g/day), no smoking, being physically active (walking/bicycling >= 40 min/day and exercising >= 1 h/week), and having no abdominal adiposity (waist circumference <95 cm). RESULTS During 11 years of follow-up, we ascertained 1,361 incident cases of MI. The low-risk dietary choice together with moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a relative risk of 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.48 to 0.87) compared with men having 0 of 5 low-risk factors. Men having all 5 low-risk factors compared with those with 0 low-risk factors had a relative risk of 0.14 (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.43). This combination of healthy behaviors, present in 1% of the men, could prevent 79% (95% CI: 34% to 93%) of the MI events on the basis of the study population. CONCLUSIONS Almost 4 of 5 MIs in men may be preventable with a combined low-risk behavior. (C) 2014 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Betydelsen av verbal uppmuntran vid utförande av handstyrketest
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nordisk fysioterapi. - 1402-3024. ; 8:4, s. 145-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate if verbal encouragement had any influence on hand strength measurements. Twenty subjects participated in the study, all women aged between 20 and 62 years. A standardization of testing conditions and verbal encouragement was designed. Three measurements were conducted during 2 days using T.K.K 5401 Grip D. First there was a trial set, and then Test 1 (without verbal encouragement) and Test 2 (with verbal encouragement) were con-ducted. The results showed a significant improvement regarding the test results from Test 1 to Test 2. The subjects also answered a questionnaire about their feelings towards the two test occasions. A majority of the subjects felt that verbal encouragement had an influence on their performance. In conclusion, it could be said that verbal encouragement both had a subjective and objective influence on a subject's performance. In earlier studies, verbal encouragement has shown to influence different personalities in different ways. Thus, this would be an interesting field of study for future research
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| 14. |
- Areskoug-Josefsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Health care students' attitudes toward addressing sexual health in their future profession : Validity and reliability of a questionnaire
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sexual Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1931-7611 .- 1931-762X. ; 28:3, s. 243-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To test the reliability and validity of the Students' Attitudes Towards Addressing Sexual Health Questionnaire (SA-SH), measuring students' attitudes toward addressing sexual health in their future professions.Method: A cross-sectional online survey (22 items) were distributed to 186 nursing, occupational therapy and physiotherapy students in Sweden, April 2015. Validity and reliability were tested.Results: The construct validity analysis led to three major factors: present feelings of comfortableness, future working environment, and fear of negative influence on future patient relations. The construct validity, internal consistency reliability, and intrarater reliability showed good results.Conclusion: The SA-SH is valid and reliable.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Areskoug-Josefsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Health Care Students’ Attitudes Towards Working with Sexual Health in Their Professional Roles : Survey of Students at Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Programmes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sexuality and Disability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0146-1044 .- 1573-6717. ; 34:3, s. 289-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore differences and similarities in health care students’ attitudes towards working with and communicating with patients about sexual health issues in their future professions. The aim was also to explore whether the students’ gender, age and future professions were influencing factors and whether there was a change in attitude depending on educational levels, gender, age and future professions. The study also aimed to explore the potential development of those differences and similarities in attitudes between health care students having achieved different levels of education and training in their future professions. A cross-sectional quantitative study was performed with an online survey distributed to nursing, occupational therapy and physiotherapy students. The students believed that they needed increased sexual health education and increased communication skills about sexual health. Gender and future profession are factors that significantly affect the attitudes of the students towards working with sexual health. Nursing and occupational therapy students have a more positive attitude towards addressing sexual health in their future professions than do physiotherapy students. Further research is needed in this field to improve competence in sexual health for all student groups, particularly physiotherapy students. Further research is also needed to explore the significance of gender regarding education in sexual health and attitudes towards working with sexual health.
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| 17. |
- Arvidsson, D, et al.
(författare)
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Randomized clinical trial comparing 5-year recurrence rate after laparoscopic versus Shouldice repair of primary inguinal hernia
- 2005
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2168 .- 0007-1323. ; 92:9, s. 1085-1091
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Shouldice technique is the 'gold standard' of open non-mesh hernia repair. The aim of this study was to compare 5-year recurrence rates after Shouldice and laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal patch (TAPP) repair for primary inguinal hernia. Method: Men with a primary unilateral inguinal hernia were randomized to either Shouldice or TAPP operation. An independent observer scored the surgeons' performance. Follow-up comprised clinical examination after 1 year, a questionnaire after 2 and 3 years, and a clinical examination after 5 years. Results: Between February 1993 and March 1996, 1183 patients were included. Nine hundred and twenty patients were followed for 5 years, 454 in the TAPP group and 466 in the Shouldice group. Recurrences were evenly distributed between groups throughout the follow-up period. The cumulative recurrence rate after 5 years was 6.6 per cent in the TAPP group and 6.7 per cent in the Shouldice group. Postoperative pain was a risk factor for recurrence after Shouldice operation but not after TAPP repair. There was a correlation between a low surgeon's performance score and recurrence. Conclusion: The 5-year recurrence rate is acceptable, with no difference between TAPP and Shouldice repair. Poor operative performance resulted in a higher recurrence rate. The TAPP operation represents an excellent alternative for primary inguinal hernia repair.
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| 18. |
- Asp, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
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A Spatiotemporal Organ-Wide Gene Expression and Cell Atlas of the Developing Human Heart
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cell. - : CELL PRESS. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 179:7, s. 1647-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The process of cardiac morphogenesis in humans is incompletely understood. Its full characterization requires a deep exploration of the organ-wide orchestration of gene expression with a single-cell spatial resolution. Here, we present a molecular approach that reveals the comprehensive transcriptional landscape of cell types populating the embryonic heart at three developmental stages and that maps cell-type-specific gene expression to specific anatomical domains. Spatial transcriptomics identified unique gene profiles that correspond to distinct anatomical regions in each developmental stage. Human embryonic cardiac cell types identified by single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed and enriched the spatial annotation of embryonic cardiac gene expression. In situ sequencing was then used to refine these results and create a spatial subcellular map for the three developmental phases. Finally, we generated a publicly available web resource of the human developing heart to facilitate future studies on human cardiogenesis.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Berggård, Glenn, et al.
(författare)
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Konsumenttester av vinterskor och halkskydd
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sjukvårdsbaserad skadestatistik från Sverige visar att singelolyckor med fotgängare på is och snö, orsakar höga skadetal. I Sverige beräknas ca 10000 män och 15000 kvinnor uppsöka sjukvård på grund av skada vid fall på snö och is. Personer skadade i fallolyckor på snö och is har svårare skador och längre konvalescenstid jämfört med fotgängare som faller på barmark. Det är därför viktigt att identifiera preventiva metoder och hjälpmedel för fallolyckor vintertid.Syftet med detta arbete har varit att genomföra konsumenttester av vinterskor och halkskydd på olika underlag med avseende på hur väl de fungerar som skydd mot att halka samt hur användarvänliga de upplevs av brukaren. I arbetet har det också varit viktigt att försöka identifiera kriterier som kan anses vara betydelsefulla för att bedöma vinterväglagsegenskaperna. Dessutom fanns ett behov av att ta fram underlag och förslag på en standardiserad metod för halkskydds-/vinterskortester och en märkning som ger konsumenterna möjlighet att bedöma och jämföra halkskyddens respektive vinterskornas egenskaper innan köp.Testmetoden som tagits fram för att undersöka halkskyddens och skornas egenskaper bygger på tidigare erfarenheter från tester av halkskydd. Metoden bygger på att försökspersoner genomför gångtester med halkskydd och skor på olika underlag samtidigt som olika mätmetoder, både objektiva och subjektiva, används för att kategorisera gång. Tester har genomförts av 9 försökspersoner, över 45 år, 4 män och 5 kvinnor, som testat 19 halkskydd och 20 olika skor. Fyra olika underlag har använts för att kategorisera egenskaperna på de undersökta halkskydden och skorna: is, is täckt med snö, packad snö, torr betong.Testmetoden har kompletterats med laboratoriemätningar av halkskyddens och skosulornas friktion på is samt hårdheten hos skornas sulor. Multipel hierarkisk multipel regressionsanalys användes för att identifiera vilka kriterier som kan ha betydelse för fotgängarnas skattade helhetsupplevelse av de testade halkskydden på olika underlag.Resultatet av förmätningarna visar att testgruppen (fem kvinnor och fyra män med medålder 47 år) motsvarar en normalpopulation, avseende variationer i de uppmätta bakgrundsparametrarna.FIOH:s friktionsmätningar på is av samtliga skor och halkskydd visar att halkskydden har genomgående högre friktionsvärden än skorna, dvs. de har bättre fäste på is än de skor som testats men resultaten visar på små skillnader mellan de sämsta halkskydden och de bästa skorna.Resultat från friktionsmätningen, som den utförs idag i fixerat utförande, ger inte överensstämmelse med försökspersonernas upplevelser av gångsäkerhet eller fallrisk. Försökspersonernas gångcykel med hälisättning, överrullning och fotavveckling bygger upp den samlade uppfattningen om egenskaperna och fångas enbart i de subjektiva mätmetoderna.Sex kriterier som bedömts viktiga att ta hänsyn till när det gäller halkfri gång med en vintersko har kunnat identifieras via analys av försökspersonernas fritextsvar avseende fördelar, nackdelar och övrig funktionalitet: gångsäkerhet, möjliggör ett naturligt gångmönster, stabilitet, förutsägbarhet, flexibilitet och passform/komfort. Gångsäkerhet är viktigast och omfattar fäste/grepp, detta är viktigast på is, is/snö vid gång samt vid start och stopp.Sju subjektiva kriterier för halkskydd har också identifierats; gångsäkerhet, tillåter naturligt gångmönster, stabilitet, förutsägbarhet, flexibilitet, passform/komfort, och ljud. Gångsäkerhet är viktigast.Den självskattade hälisättningen på underlagen ren is samt på snö på is framkom som det viktigaste kriteriet för testpersonernas helhetsupplevelse av skyddet. Även skattad fotavveckling på alla underlag med främst på främst på snö på is var av betydelse. Upplevd balans och fallrisk var mest utslagsgivande för helhetsupplevelsen av de halkskydd som inte valdes för eget bruk. Det tyder på att en lägre grad av skattad kontroll av kroppshållning och balans under gång med skyddet är en relevant indikator för att identifiera skydd med bristande funktioner.Variablerna subjektivt skattad fallrisk, balans, hälisättning och fotavveckling kan samtliga relateras till ett skydds halkegenskaper och funktion. Upplevd fallrisk samvarierar med såväl balans, hälisättning och fotavveckling vilket innebär att kriteriet upplevd fallrisk kan antas omfatta de övriga och kan väljas som en enskild variabel i fortsatta analyser.Kvalitetsnivåer i bedömningsskalor kan antas gå att knyta till de subjektiva kriterierna.En standardiserat testmetod för klassindelning av egenskaper för vinterskor respektive halkskydd bör bygga på mätmetoder med försökspersoner enligt ovan.Fortsatta studier med fler testpersoner behövs för att verifiera de resultat som indikeras ovan.
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| 22. |
- Berglund, Åsa M. M., 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on the food-web structure and bioaccumulation patterns of organic contaminants in a climate-altered Bothnian Sea mesocosms
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-7745. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is expected to alter global temperature and precipitation patterns resulting in complex environmental impacts. The proposed higher precipitation in northern Scandinavia would increase runoff from land, hence increase the inflow of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (tDOM) in coastal regions. This could promote heterotrophic bacterial production and shift the food web structure, by favoring the microbial food web. The altered climate is also expected to affect transport and availability of organic micropollutants (MPs), with downstream effects on exposure and accumulation in biota. This study aimed to assess climate-induced changes in a Bothnian Sea food web structure as well as bioaccumulation patterns of MPs. We performed a mesocosms-study, focusing on aquatic food webs with fish as top predator. Alongside increased temperature, mesocosm treatments included tDOM and MP addition. The tDOM addition affected nutrient availability and boosted both phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in our fairly shallow mesocosms. The increased tDOM further benefitted flagellates, ciliates and mesozooplankton, while the temperature increase and MP addition had minor effect on those organism groups. Temperature, on the other hand, had a negative impact on fish growth and survival, whereas tDOM and MP addition only had minor impact on fish. Moreover, there were indications that bioaccumulation of MPs in fish either increased with tDOM addition or decreased at higher temperatures. If there was an impact on bioaccumulation, moderately lipophilic MPs (log Kow 3.6 - 4.6) were generally affected by tDOM addition and more lipophilic MPs (log Kow 3.8 to 6.4) were generally affected by increased temperature. This study suggest that both increased temperatures and addition of tDOM likely will affect bioaccumulation patterns of MPs in shallow coastal regions, albeit with counteracting effects.
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| 23. |
- Blenckner, Thorsten, et al.
(författare)
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Baltic Sea ecosystem-based management under climate change : Synthesis and future challenges
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 44:Suppl 3, s. S507-S515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecosystem-based management (EBM) has emerged as the generally agreed strategy for managing ecosystems, with humans as integral parts of the managed system. Human activities have substantial effects on marine ecosystems, through overfishing, eutrophication, toxic pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change. It is important to advance the scientific knowledge of the cumulative, integrative, and interacting effects of these diverse activities, to support effective implementation of EBM. Based on contributions to this special issue of AMBIO, we synthesize the scientific findings into four components: pollution and legal frameworks, ecosystem processes, scale-dependent effects, and innovative tools and methods. We conclude with challenges for the future, and identify the next steps needed for successful implementation of EBM in general and specifically for the Baltic Sea.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Bosaeus, Marja, et al.
(författare)
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A randomized longitudinal dietary intervention study during pregnancy: effects on fish intake, phospholipids, and body composition
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Fish and meat intake may affect gestational weight gain, body composition and serum fatty acids. We aimed to determine whether a longitudinal dietary intervention during pregnancy could increase fish intake, affect serum phospholipid fatty acids, gestational weight gain and body composition changes during pregnancy in women of normal weight participating in the Pregnancy Obesity Nutrition and Child Health study. A second aim was to study possible effects in early pregnancy of fish intake and meat intake, respectively, on serum phospholipid fatty acids, gestational weight gain, and body composition changes during pregnancy. Methods In this prospective, randomized controlled study, women were allocated to a control group or to a dietary counseling group that focused on increasing fish intake. Fat mass and fat-free mass were measured by air-displacement plethysmography. Reported intake of fish and meat was collected from a baseline population and from a subgroup of women who participated in each trimester of their pregnancies. Serum levels of phospholipid arachidonic acid (s-ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (s-EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (s-DHA) were measured during each trimester. Results Weekly fish intake increased only in the intervention group (n=18) from the first to the second trimester (median difference 113 g, p=0.03) and from the first to the third trimester (median difference 75 g, p=0.01). In the first trimester, fish intake correlated with s-EPA (r=0.36, p=0.002, n=69) and s-DHA (r=0.34, p=0.005, n=69), and meat intake correlated with s-ARA (r=0.28, p=0.02, n=69). Fat-free mass gain correlated with reported meat intake in the first trimester (r=0.39, p=0.01, n=45). Conclusions Dietary counseling throughout pregnancy could help women increase their fish intake. Intake of meat in early pregnancy may increase the gain in fat-free mass during pregnancy.
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| 26. |
- Brooks, Samantha J, et al.
(författare)
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Obsessive-compulsivity and working memory are associated with differential prefrontal cortex and insula activation in adolescents with a recent diagnosis of an eating disorder
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123 .- 0925-4927. ; 224:3, s. 246-253
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of rumination at the beginning of eating disorder (ED) is not well understood. We hypothesised that impulsivity, rumination and restriction could be associated with neural activity in response to food stimuli in young individuals with eating disorders (ED). We measured neural responses with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), tested working memory (WM) and administered the eating disorders examination questionnaire (EDE-Q), Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS-11) and obsessive-compulsive inventory (OCI-R) in 15 adolescent females with eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) (mean age 15 years) and 20 age-matched healthy control females. We found that EDNOS subjects had significantly higher scores on the BIS 11, EDE-Q and OCI-R scales. Significantly increased neural responses to food images in the EDNOS group were observed in the prefrontal circuitry. OCI-R scores in the EDNOS group also significantly correlated with activity in the prefrontal circuitry and the cerebellum. Significantly slower WM responses negatively correlated with bilateral superior frontal gyrus activity in the EDNOS group. We conclude that ruminations, linked to WM, are present in adolescent females newly diagnosed with EDNOS. These may be risk factors for the development of an eating disorder and may be detectable before disease onset.
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| 27. |
- Bäcklund, Catharina, 1971-
(författare)
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Promoting physical activity among overweight and obese children : Effects of a family-based lifestyle intervention on physical activity and metabolic markers
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Overweight and obesity in childhood is associated with physical, psychological and social consequences. Physical inactivity is regarded as one of the main factors that have contributed to the increase in childhood obesity through out the world. Overweight and obesity as well as physical activity level are shown to track from childhood to adolescence and adulthood, thereby influencing not only the current health status but also long-term health. The general purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of a 2-year family-based lifestyle intervention on physical activity and metabolic health among children with overweight and obesity. Methods Children with overweight or obesity living in northern Sweden were recruited to the study. In total 105 children, mean age 10.5 years (SD±1.09), were randomized into either an intervention or a control group. The intervention group was offered as a 2-year family-based lifestyle intervention; the 1st year consisted of 14 group sessions and during the 2nd year the intervention was web-based. The control group did not participate in any intervention sessions, but performed all measurements. Physical activity was measured in all children using SenseWear Pro2 Armband (SWA) during 4 consecutive days before, in the middle and after the intervention, data regarding anthropometrics and blood values were collected in the same periods. Twenty-two of the children wore SWA during 14 days before the intervention in order to validate energy expenditure (EE) estimated by SWA against EE measured with double labelled water. Results The SWA, together with software version 5.1, proved to be a valid device to accurately estimate EE at group level of overweight and obese children. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups neither before nor after the intervention regarding physical activity and screen-time. All children significantly decreased their time being active ≥3 METs during the study period. After the study period, significantly fewer in the control group achieved the national physical activity recommendation, and they had significantly increased their screen-time. However, these changes were not seen within the intervention group. The intervention group had a significantly lower apolipoprotein B/A1 compared to the control group at 1-year measurement; no other significant differences were found regarding metabolic markers. No statistical difference was found between the groups regarding body mass index after the 2-year study period. Conclusion Even though a comprehensive program, the 2-year family-based lifestyle intervention had limited effects on physical activity and metabolic health in overweight and obese children. SWA is a device that can be used in future studies to measure energy expenditure among free-living overweight or obese children.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Chapman, David, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Arctic Risk in Urban Spaces (ARUS) : Report of meeting 16th & 17th January 2018
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Report from the ARUS workshop in Abisko Research Station of the 16th and 17th January 2018. The workshop was used to develop a project agenda and key issues around changing risks in the Arctic public realm. Whilst this workshop was exploratory, the aim was to identify design challenges to urban space that climate change could bring for soft mobility. The objective was to develop a research strategy that can develop ways to adapt Arctic settlements to these new environmental risks. The goal is to grow these agendas into research applications and funded research.
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| 30. |
- Chapman, David, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Climate change and human behaviour : Understanding modal choice in a rapidly urbanising Arctic
- 2019
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This poster explores the human dimension of non-motorised transport, i.e. soft-mobility in Arctic communities. Empirical results are used to show how people’s modal choice in the European Arctic is being influenced by climate evolution and human-made climate change. From these results, it is possible to conceive new visions of the how to design the outside environments of Arctic settlements that can better enable people to move around in Arctic communities with reduced reliance on vehicles. At the societal level, this research will help reduce energy consumption and pollution from transport.
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| 31. |
- Chapman, David, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Climate change and human behaviour : Understanding modal choice in a rapidly urbanising Arctic
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Arctice Frontiers Science.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This research explores the human dimension of non-motorised transport, i.e. soft-mobility in Arctic communities. Empirical results are used to show how people’s modal choice in the European Arctic is being influenced by climate evolution and human-made climate change. From these results, it is possible to conceive new visions of the how to design the outside environments of Arctic settlements that can better enable people to move around in Arctic communities with reduced reliance on vehicles. At the societal level, this research will help reduce energy consumption and pollution from transport. For the individual, it highlights social, economic and the health benefits of soft-mobility. This includes creating places that are attractive, safe, and recognisable, as a basis for people’s informed decision-making about outdoor activities and modal choice. Pilot projects are ongoing in Riksgränsen, Björkliden and Abisko (Sweden) with data collected from residents and tourists using citizen science. Outcomes have practical and policy implications for town planning and tourism.
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| 32. |
- Chapman, David, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Climatic barriers to soft-mobility in winter : Lulea, Sweden as case study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sustainable cities and society. - : Elsevier. - 2210-6707. ; 35, s. 574-580
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban form can moderate the effects of weather on human movement. As such, the interrelationship between built environment, weather and human movement is a critical component of urban design. This paper explores the impacts of weather on non-motorised human movement (soft-mobility). Throughout we look at soft-mobility from the citizen’s perspective and highlight the barriers to soft-mobility in winter.The aim of this study was to test the traditional pallet of winter city urban design considerations. Those of solar-access, wind and snow management and explore other weather and terrain conditions that act as barriers to soft-mobility in winter. This study is based on survey responses from 344 citizens in the sub-arctic area of Sweden. Outcomes from the research highlight that rain, icy surfaces and darkness are today’s most significant barriers to soft-mobility in winter.Results from this study link changing barriers to soft-mobility in winter with climate change. The paper concludes that future urban design and planning for winter cities needs to consider a wider pallet of weather conditions, especially rain.
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| 33. |
- Chapman, David, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Designing winter cities : Arctic urbanisation and Asian mobilities consumption
- 2021
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Ingår i: Asian Mobilities Consumption in a Changing Arctic. - London : Taylor & Francis. ; , s. 168-180
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter considers an urbanising Arctic and the design of winter cities with a specific focus on Asian mobilities consumption. The chapter explores how Asian consumption mobilities can be seen as the outcome of interactions between the built environment of Arctic settlements, individuals and climate.Special attention is placed on how the built environment of Arctic cities is modified and shaped by “winter”. The focus is placed on the theory of urban morphology, production of space and ongoing climate change. This is important in order to understand Asian tourist mobilities in Arctic settlements because these environments bring unexpected conditions and challenges for tourists’ perceptions of heritage sites and their mobility between them. The chapter concludes by presenting some urban design recommendations for Arctic cities that can assist in understanding and enabling Asian mobilities in a changing Arctic.
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| 34. |
- Chapman, David, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Practical urban planning for winter cycling : lessons from a Swedish pilot study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionA detailed understanding of how the weather affects cycling is lacking. Where research has been carried out, the focus has often been on temperate and hotter climates; little research has been carried out regarding cycling in colder climate communities. This study therefore investigated the lived experience of winter-season cycling to provide empirical data for planning winter cycling in cold-climate communities.MethodsBetween 1 December 2017 and 30 April 2018, the activities of 13 cyclists (eight female and five male, mean age 42 years, age range 11–74 years) in Luleå, Sweden, were surveyed. Methods: Structured questionnaires, individual travel diaries, and recorded data for outdoor temperature, precipitation type, and snow cover were used.Results1) Cycle level and frequency could be maintained during the winter season; 2) in winter, participants were more likely to use their bicycles for commuting than other activities, 3) electric bicycles helped winter cycling significantly; 4) the quality of the cycling infrastructure is critical to making winter cycling attractive.ConclusionFor winter cycling to be successful, town planners need to consider winter cycling as a specific activity with its own design, policy and management requirements. This study has shown that year-round cycling can be achieved in cold-climate communities, with all its attendant potential health benefits.
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| 35. |
- Chapman, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Social life and use of an Arctic city centre during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2023
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Ingår i: Arctic Yearbook. - : University of the Arctic Thematic Network (TN) on Geopolitics and Security. - 2298-2418. ; , s. 185-200
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From March 2020, regulations and recommendations were implemented in Sweden to reduce the spread of COVID-19, which included limitations to public life. Overall, these sought to reduce activities that brought people together and in so doing, transitioned the relationship between cities and people into a new paradigm.The study explores public usage of an Arctic city during the pandemic to understand how COVID-19 altered people’s ‘social life’. Data was collected in the Arctic city of Luleå, by structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. These indicate that: 1) a significant reduction in city visits, 2) multi-faceted city visits were reduced to single task based visits, 3) a significant reduction in leisure based activities, 4) an increase in digitalization of work, retail and leisure activities, 5) perceptions of responsibility, guilt, boredom and minimizing social networks were reported, and 6) post-pandemic, people questioned the ability of cities to bounce back.The survey and interviews show that in the Arctic city of Luleå, restrictions put in place to reduce spread of the infection had a significant impact on public life and use of the public realm, which is in accordance with research from outside the Arctic.The conclusion is that in the short term, the role of urban centres in daily life was reduced and the role of digitalisation for work, goods and services was rapidly advanced. However, the research also shows that the ‘social dimension’ of Arctic cities - to see other people and take part of civic life on site - was not easy to replace and is valued by the community.
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| 36. |
- Chapman, David, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Toward an Integrated Model for Soft-Mobility
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 16:19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key urban design challenge is to create built environments that encourage outdoor activityall year round. This study explores a new model for soft-mobility that places the interaction betweenthe urban form, the seasonal climate and climate change, and the individual at the center of people’ssoft-mobility choices, or in more general, their modal choice. The research methods used werecomparative studies of documents, surveys, mental mapping, and photo elicitation. These studieswere undertaken to research people’s outdoor activity in the built environment during the winterseason of a cold climate settlement. The results were analyzed against the three-dimensions of themodel. In the discussion it is argued that in places with significant climate variation, the interactionbetween the urban form, the season, and the individual together influence soft-mobility choices. Inturn, these interactions influence people’s level of outdoor activity and the individual health benefitssuch activity can aord. In conclusion, it is highlighted that all three dimensions of the model are in aconstant state of change and evolution, especially in relation to planning and development processesand climate change.
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| 37. |
- Chapman, David, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Updating Winter: The Importance Of Climate-Sensitive Urban Design For Winter Settlements
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Arctic Yearbook. - : Northern Research Forum ; University of the Arctic Thematic Network (TN) on Geopolitics and Security. - 2298-2418.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores winter settlement urban design principles to begin to identify climate related conditions that are affecting soft mobility (walking and cycling) in these communities.Winter communities have evolved lifestyles and means that fit with working and living with local conditions and seasonal variations. With climate change, however, comes evolving weather’s that these communities need to adapt too. These changes may present new risks and unexpected challenges to outdoor soft mobility in the community.Public policy highlights physical inactivity as a major health concern. For these communities, winter has always limited outdoor soft-mobility. Here, we understand that in winter outdoor activity can be reduced by weather and fear of accidents.People’s understanding of the barriers and enablers to soft mobility are also often based on experience and ability to detect environmental clues. To help winter communities maximise the opportunities for outdoor soft mobility and the wellbeing benefits this can bring, built environments need to be designed with an understanding of climate change. This study explores barriers and enablers to soft mobility in winter and discusses them in light of climate change and human wellbeing. It is argued that established principles of urban design may require re-evaluation if we want to increase outdoor soft mobility in winter. Increases in physical activity could help reduce costs and pressures on health services by creating safer and more walkable communities. The paper concludes by suggesting that communities should focus on more context based winter urban design principles that account for ongoing climate change.
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| 38. |
- Chapman, David, 1972-
(författare)
-
Urban design of winter cities : Winter season connectivity for soft mobility
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- All across the world the form of the built environment is playing a crucial role as enabler or inhibitor for urban outdoor activity such as soft mobility. Urban form can make it more attractive for people to be mobile outdoors and playing a role in the public life, or it can put people off venturing outside. For winter cities, a question for urban design is how we can design environments that are attractive for outdoor activity in the winter season as well as summer and additionally how will climate change influence these aspects.The reason for studying this is the importance of understanding how, in relation to urban form, weather, seasonal variations, and climate change influences human outdoor activity. In this study the focus on outdoor activity is problematised around the concern that people spend a low percentage of their time outdoors in winter conditions. For society, the problem is that this trend and the related low levels of physical activity are associated with a range of health issues.To study this the main question for this research is what attracts and hinders soft mobility during the winter season and how can this knowledge underpin new considerations about urban design for connectivity in winter cities? To address this, the research methods focused on document studies, surveys, mental mapping, photo elicitation and semi-structured discussions.The study works at three scientific levels. Firstly, it seeks to understand the interrelationship between the built environment and people’s outdoor activity in winter. Secondly, it attempts to understand how connectivity for soft mobility in winter is being affected by weather and climate change. Thirdly, it seeks new ways of thinking about how the urban form can be designed to increase outdoor soft mobility in winter.The discussion and conclusions focused on the argument that in winter settlements, the winter season can alter spatial patterns and settlement organisation. Here it was argued that in these settlements the winter season can be an aspect of urban morphology and can be part of the process of shaping the public realm and its connectivity for soft mobility in winter.
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| 39. |
- Chapman, David, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Winter City Urbanism : Enabling All Year Connectivity for Soft Mobility
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 16:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores connectivity for soft mobility in the winter season. Working with residents from the sub-arctic city of Luleå, Sweden, the research examines how the interaction between the built environment and winter season affects people’s use of the outdoor environment. The research questions for this study are, 1) how do residents perceive the effects of winter on an areas spatial structure and pattern of streets and pathways? and 2) what enablers and barriers impact resident soft mobility choices and use of the public realm in winter? Methods used were mental mapping and photo elicitation exercises. These were used to gain a better understanding of people’s perception of soft mobility in winter. The results were analysed to identify how soft mobility is influenced by the winter season. The discussion highlights that at the neighbourhood scale, residents perceive that the winter alters an areas spatial structure and pattern of streets and pathways. It was also seen to reduce ease of understanding of the public realm and townscape. In conclusion, it is argued that new and re-tooled town planning strategies, such as extending blue/ green infrastructure planning to include white space could help better enable all year outdoor activity in winter cities.
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| 40. |
- Dahlgren, Kristin, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Planktonic production and carbon transfer efficiency along a north-south gradient in the Baltic sea
- 2010
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Ingår i: Marine Ecology Progress Series. - : Inter-Research. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 409, s. 77-94
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 1 yr study was conducted along a brackish-water production gradient to enhance the understanding of factors governing pelagic food web function. This was achieved by measuring carbon transfer efficiency (TE) from the basal resource to an intermediate trophic level. TE was defined as mesozooplankton carbon consumption rate divided by production at the basal trophic level, which is composed of phytoplankton and bacteria. A north–south transect in the Baltic Sea was used as a model system, with 2 stations each in the Bothnian Bay, Bothnian Sea and Baltic Proper being sampled 5 to 8× during 2006. In addition, data from monitoring programmes were used, which comprised 10 to 22 samplings stn–1. TE was expected to be governed by the size distribution of phytoplankton and due to the nutrient gradient, we expected to find an optimal cell size, and thus also a high TE, in the intermediate-productive Bothnian Sea. The basal production during summer/autumn increased 5-fold from north to south, while the mesozooplankton carbon consumption rate exhibited a peak inthe Bothnian Sea, being ~3× higher than in both Bothnian Bay and Baltic Proper. TE was found to be intermediate in the Bothnian Bay (average: 0.8), highest in the Bothnian Sea (1.6), and lowest in the Baltic Proper (0.2). We suggest that the variation in carbon transfer efficiency can be explained by the composition of the phytoplankton community, the abundance balance between copepods and cladocerans, as well as the species composition of mesozooplankton in relation to the size structure of phytoplankton.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Dapi N., Léonie, 1971-
(författare)
-
Socioeconomic and sex differences in adolescents’ dietary intake, anthropometry and physical activity in Cameroon, Africa
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: People in Cameroon are experiencing a dietary transition characterized by changing from traditional food habits to increased intake of highly processed sweet and fatty food. The rapid change in food pattern combined with an increased sedentary lifestyle has resulted in a rather high prevalence of obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Nutritional intake is important during adolescence for growth spurt, health, cognitive development and performance in school. Objective: The aim of this thesis was to assess dietary intake, anthropometry and physical activity of adolescents according to sex and socioeconomic status (SES) and to investigate food perceptions of adolescents living in urban and rural areas of Cameroon. Methods: Girls and boys, 12-16 years of age, were randomly selected from schools in urban and rural areas. Food frequency questionnaire, 24-hour dietary and physical activity recalls, anthropometric measurements, qualitative interviews and a background questionnaire were used for data collection. Results: The proportion of overweight was three times higher in girls (14%) compared to boys (4%). Stunting and underweight were more common among boys (15% and 6%) than girls (5% and 1%). The prevalence of stunting was two times higher among the urban adolescents with low SES (12%) compared to those with high SES (5%). The rural adolescents had the highest proportion of stunting but more muscle that the urban adolescents. The rural adolescents ate in order to live and to maintain health. Urban adolescents with low SES ate in order to maintain health, while those with high SES ate for pleasure. More than 30% of the adolescents skipped breakfast in the urban area. Urban adolescents with high SES and girls reported a more frequent consumption of in-between meals and most food groups compared to the rural adolescents, boys and those with low SES. Over 55% of the adolescents had a protein intake below 10% of the energy (E%). Twenty-six percent of the adolescents had fat intake below 25 E%, and 25% had fat intake above 35 E%. A large proportion of the adolescents had an intake of micronutrients below the estimated average recommendation. Boys and the adolescents with low SES reported a higher energy expenditure and physical activity level than girls and the adolescents with high SES, respectively. Both under- and over-reporting of energy intake were common among the adolescents. Conclusions: The present study showed that nutrient inadequacy, stunting, underweight, as well as overweight and obesity were common among the adolescents in Cameroon. Therefore an intervention program targeting both under- and overnutrition among school adolescents is needed. Sex and socioeconomic differences also need to be considered.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Degerman, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
-
Food web interactions determine energy transfer efficiency and top consumer responses to inputs of dissolved organic carbon
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Hydrobiologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-8158 .- 1573-5117. ; 805:1, s. 131-146
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change projections indicate increased precipitation in northern Europe, leading to increased inflow of allochthonous organic matter to aquatic systems. The food web responses are poorly known, and may differ depending on the trophic structure. We performed an experimental mesocosm study where effects of labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on two different pelagic food webs were investigated, one having zooplankton as highest trophic level and the other with planktivorous fish as top consumer. In both food webs, DOC caused higher bacterial production and lower food web efficiency, i.e., energy transfer efficiency from the base to the top of the food web. However, the top-level response to DOC addition differed in the zooplankton and the fish systems. The zooplankton production increased due to efficient channeling of energy via both the bacteria land the phytoplankton pathway, while the fish production decreased due to channeling of energy mainly via the longer and less efficient bacterial pathway. We conclude that the added DOC either acted as a subsidy by increasing the production of the top trophic level (mesozooplankton), or as a sink causing decreased top consumer production (planktivorous fish).
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Dimenäs, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
-
Retorikens beprövade erfarenhet ur yrkesverksamma lärar- och sjuksköterskehandledares perspektiv
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Utbildning och lärande. - Skövde : Högskolan i Skövde. - 1653-0594. ; 6:1, s. 98-116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to investigate the concept of proven experience, which is being increasingly used and emphasised in documents relating to the education of student teachers and nurses as well as in the training of these two professions. The study is aimed at academic vocational training (AVT) and is based upon interviews with the tutors of student teachers and nurses during their periods of AVT. The purpose of this study is to understand what constitutes the essence of proven experience, arising from the verbal statements given by AVT tutors in the field. The conclusion of this study is that the concept of proven experience should be considered at three levels: experience, tested experience and proven experience. Furthermore, those who use it without further consideration should understand the complexity of the concept. From a critical perspective it seems that government agencies use a concept that we assume is more characterised by ideological rhetoric than by conceptual preciseness.
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| 47. |
- Dimenäs, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
-
Retorikens beprövande erfarenhet ur yrkesverksamma lärar- och sjuksköterskehandledares perspektiv
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Utbildning och Lärande / Education and Learning. - : Barns, ungas och vuxnas lärande vid Högskolan i Skövde. - 2001-4554. ; 6:1, s. 98-116, s. 98-116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to investigate the concept of proven experience, which is being increasingly used and emphasised in documents relating to the education of student teachers and nurses as well as in the training of these two professions. The study is aimed at academic vocational training (AVT) and is based upon interviews with the tutors of student teachers and nurses during their periods of AVT. The purpose of this study is to understand what constitutes the essence of proven experience, arising from the verbal statements given by AVT tutors in the field. The conclusion of this study is that the concept of proven experience should be considered at three levels: experience, tested experience and proven experience. Furthermore, those who use it without further consideration should understand the complexity of the concept. From a critical perspective it seems that government agencies use a concept that we assume is more characterised by ideological rhetoric than by conceptual preciseness.
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| 48. |
- Donat-Vargas, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary phosphate is associated with cardiovascular disease incidence.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 294:3, s. 358-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Elevated phosphate (P) in urine may reflect a high intake of inorganic P salts from food additives. Elevated P in plasma is linked to vascular dysfunction and calcification.OBJECTIVE: To explore associations between P in urine as well as in plasma and questionnaire-estimated P intake, and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).METHODS: We used the Swedish Mammography Cohort-Clinical, a population-based cohort study. At baseline (2004-2009), P was measured in urine and plasma in 1625 women. Dietary P was estimated via a food-frequency questionnaire. Incident CVD was ascertained via register-linkage. Associations were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression.RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 164 composite CVD cases occurred (63 myocardial infarctions [MIs] and 101 strokes). Median P (percentiles 5-95) in urine and plasma were 2.4 (1.40-3.79) mmol/mmol creatinine and 1.13 (0.92-1.36) mmol/L, respectively, whereas dietary P intake was 1510 (1148-1918) mg/day. No correlations were observed between urinary and plasma P (r = -0.07) or dietary P (r = 0.10). Urinary P was associated with composite CVD and MI. The hazard ratio of CVD comparing extreme tertiles was 1.57 (95% confidence interval 1.05, 2.35; P trend 0.037)-independently of sodium excretion, the estimated glomerular filtration rate, both P and calcium in plasma, and diuretic use. Association with CVD for plasma P was 1.41 (0.96, 2.07; P trend 0.077).CONCLUSION: Higher level of urinary P, likely reflecting a high consumption of highly processed foods, was linked to CVD. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the potential cardiovascular toxicity associated with excessive intake of P beyond nutritional requirements.
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| 49. |
- Ekman, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Fusk hotar tilliten till blivande läkares professionalitet
- 2018
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; :115
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det är med stor sorg vi noterat att några studenter valt att fuska sig till en plats på läkarutbildningarna. Vi förväntar oss nu att Universitets- och högskolerådet skärper säkerheten vid högskoleprovet för att förhindra att fusket fortsätter och att utredningen om vilka som fuskat sig in på utbildningarna drivs vidare.
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| 50. |
- Emelyanova, Anastasia, et al.
(författare)
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Age-inclusive Arctic outdoor spaces: a policy review in four Nordic countries
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 83:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last decade, policy strategies were adopted in response to population ageing in the Nordic countries. Governmental actions have to be evaluated in terms of their efficacy. The objective of this article is to identify and review the policies related to age-inclusive outdoor spaces in the Arctic regions of Nordic countries. Our analysis focuses on central government white papers that address the older adults in Finland, Norway, Sweden, and Iceland. A review of such policy documents provides insights into the predominant understandings of older adults and healthy ageing. Moreover, such analysis may identify “blind spots” in the national policies, especially regarding the sparsely researched northernmost and rural Arctic territories. Our results demonstrate how the older populations in the Nordic Arctic and their access to outdoor spaces are addressed in the policy documents. We found that with few exceptions, the older people of the rural Arctic is strikingly absent in the Nordic national governmental papers. Moreover, access to outdoor spaces is mentioned in general terms, and specific challenges of the rural Arctic context, such as the harsh climate, long winters and geographical distances are not addressed. The noticed omissions might be the result of “urban-rural”, “south-north”, “indoor-outdoor”, and “generalisation” biases.
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