| 1. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(author)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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In: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 2. |
- Baumgardner, James E., et al.
(author)
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Effect of Global Ventilation to Perfusion Ratio, for Normal Lungs, on Desflurane and Sevoflurane Elimination Kinetics
- 2021
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In: Anesthesiology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0003-3022 .- 1528-1175. ; 135:6, s. 1042-1054
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Kinetics of the uptake of inhaled anesthetics have been well studied, but the kinetics of elimination might be of more practical importance. The objective of the authors' study was to assess the effect of the overall ventilation/perfusion ratio (V-A/Q), for normal lungs, on elimination kinetics of desflurane and sevoflurane.Methods: The authors developed a mathematical model of inhaled anesthetic elimination that explicitly relates the terminal washout time constant to the global lung V-A/Q ratio. Assumptions and results of the model were tested with experimental data from a recent study, where desflurane and sevoflurane elimination were observed for three different V-A/Q conditions: normal, low, and high.Results: The mathematical model predicts that the global V-A/Q ratio, for normal lungs, modifies the time constant for tissue anesthetic washout throughout the entire elimination. For all three V-A/Q conditions, the ratio of arterial to mixed venous anesthetic partial pressure P-art/P-mv reached a constant value after 5 min of elimination, as predicted by the retention equation. The time constant corrected for incomplete lung clearance was a better predictor of late-stage kinetics than the intrinsic tissue time constant.Conclusions: In addition to the well-known role of the lungs in the early phases of inhaled anesthetic washout, the lungs play a long-overlooked role in modulating the kinetics of tissue washout during the later stages of inhaled anesthetic elimination. The V-A/Q ratio influences the kinetics of desflurane and sevoflurane elimination throughout the entire elimination, with more pronounced slowing of tissue washout at lower V-A/Q ratios.
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| 3. |
- Bergmann, Astrid, et al.
(author)
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Data on the effects of remote ischemic preconditioning in the lungs after one-lung ventilation
- 2018
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In: Data in Brief. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3409. ; 21, s. 441-448
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article contains data on experimental endpoints of a randomized controlled animal trial. Fourteen healthy piglets underwent mechanical ventilation including injurious one-lung ventilation (OLV), seven of them experienced four cycles of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) on one hind limb immediately before OLV, seven of them did not receive RIP and served as controls, in a randomized manner. The two major endpoints were (1) pulmonary damage assessed with the diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) score and (2) the inflammatory response assessed by cytokine concentrations in serum and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BAL). The cytokine levels in the homogenized lung tissue samples are presented in the original article. Further interpretation and discussion of these data can be found in Bergmann et al. (in press).
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| 4. |
- Bergmann, Astrid, et al.
(author)
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Pulmonary effects of remote ischemic preconditioning in a porcine model of ventilation-induced lung injury
- 2019
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In: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. - : Elsevier. - 1569-9048 .- 1878-1519. ; 259, s. 111-118
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: One-lung ventilation (OLV) may result in lung injury due to increased mechanical stress and tidal recruitment. As a result, a pulmonary inflammatory response is induced. The present randomized, controlled, animal experiment was undertaken to assess the effects of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) on diffuse alveolar damage and immune response after OLV.METHODS: Fourteen piglets (26 ± 2 kg) were randomized to control (n = 7) and RIP group (n = 7). For RIP, a blood pressure cuff at hind limb was inflated up to 200 mmHg for 5 min and deflated for another 5 min, this being done four times before OLV. Mechanical ventilation settings were constant throughout the experiment: VT = 10 ml/kg, FIO2 = 0.40, PEEP = 5cmH2O. OLV was performed by left-sided bronchial blockade. Number of cells was counted from BAL fluid; cytokines were assessed by immunoassays in lung tissue and serum samples. Lung tissue samples were obtained for histological analysis and assessment of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) score.RESULTS: Hemodynamic and respiratory data were similar in both groups. Likewise, no differences in pulmonary tissue TNF-α and protein content were found, but fewer leukocytes were counted in the ventilated lung after RIP. DAD scores were high without any differences between controls and RIP. On the other hand, alveolar edema and microhemorrhage were significantly increased after RIP.CONCLUSIONS: OLV results in alveolar injury, possibly enhanced by RIP. On the other hand, RIP attenuates the immunological response and decreased alveolar leukocyte recruitment in a porcine model of OLV.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Cai, Simin, et al.
(author)
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Design of Cloud Monitoring Systems via DAGGTAX : A Case Study
- 2017
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In: Procedia Computer Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-0509. ; 109, s. 424-431
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Efficient auto-scaling of cloud resources relies on the monitoring of the cloud, which involves multiple aggregation processes and large amounts of data with various and interdependent requirements. A systematic way of describing the data together with the possible aggregations is beneficial for designers to reason about the properties of these aspects as well as their implications on the design, thus improving quality and lowering development costs. In this paper, we propose to apply DAGGTAX, a feature-oriented taxonomy for organizing common and variable data and aggregation process properties, to the design of cloud monitoring systems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of DAGGTAX via a case study provided by industry, which aims to design a cloud monitoring system that serves auto-scaling for a video streaming system. We design the cloud monitoring system by selecting and composing DAGGTAX features, and reason about the feasibility of the selected features. The case study shows that the application of DAGGTAX can help designers to identify reusable features, analyze trade-offs between selected features, and derive crucial system parameters.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Kozian, Alf, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Effects of methacholine infusion on desflurane pharmacokinetics in piglets
- 2015
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In: Data in Brief. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3409. ; 5, s. 939-947
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The data of a corresponding animal experiment demonstrates that nebulized methacholine (MCh) induced severe bronchoconstriction and significant inhomogeneous ventilation and pulmonary perfusion (V̇A/Q̇) distribution in pigs, which is similar to findings in human asthma. The inhalation of MCh induced bronchoconstriction and delayed both uptake and elimination of desflurane (Kretzschmar et al., 2015) [1]. The objective of the present data is to determine V̇A/Q̇ matching by Multiple Inert Gas Elimination Technique (MIGET) in piglets before and during methacholine- (MCh-) induced bronchoconstriction, induced by MCh infusion, and to assess the blood concentration profiles for desflurane (DES) by Micropore Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry (MMIMS). Healthy piglets (n=4) under general anesthesia were instrumented with arterial, central venous, and pulmonary artery lines. The airway was secured via median tracheostomy with an endotracheal tube, and animals were mechanically ventilated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) with a FiO2 of 0.4, tidal volume (V T)=10 ml/kg and PEEP of 5cmH2O using an open system. The determination of V.A/Q. was done by MIGET: before desflurane application and at plateau in both healthy state and during MCh infusion. Arterial blood was sampled at 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min during wash-in and washout, respectively. Bronchoconstriction was established by MCH infusion aiming at doubling the peak airway pressure, after which wash-in and washout of the anesthetic gas was repeated. Anesthesia gas concentrations were measured by MMIMS. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, paired t-test, and by nonparametric Friedman׳s test and Wilcoxon׳s matched pairs test. We measured airway pressures, pulmonary resistance, and mean paO2 as well as hemodynamic variables in all pigs before desflurane application and at plateau in both healthy state and during methacholine administration by infusion. By MIGET, fractional alveolar ventilation and pulmonary perfusion in relation to the V.A/Q. compartments, data of logSDQ̇ and logSDV̇ (the second moments describing global dispersion, i.e. heterogeneity of distribution) were estimated prior to and after MCh infusion. The uptake and elimination of desflurane was determined by MMIMS.
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| 10. |
- Kretzschmar, Moritz, et al.
(author)
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Arterial and Mixed Venous Kinetics of Desflurane and Sevoflurane, Administered Simultaneously, at Three Different Global Ventilation to Perfusion Ratios in Piglets with Normal Lungs
- 2021
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In: Anesthesiology. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0003-3022 .- 1528-1175. ; 135:6, s. 1027-1041
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Previous studies have established the role of various tissue compartments in the kinetics of inhaled anesthetic uptake and elimination. The role of normal lungs in inhaled anesthetic kinetics is less understood. In juvenile pigs with normal lungs, the authors measured desflurane and sevoflurane washin and washout kinetics at three different ratios of alveolar minute ventilation to cardiac output value. The main hypothesis was that the ventilation/perfusion ratio (V-A/Q) of normal lungs influences the kinetics of inhaled anesthetics.Methods: Seven healthy pigs were anesthetized with intravenous anesthetics and mechanically ventilated. Each animal was studied under three different V-A/Q conditions: normal, low, and high. For each V-A/Q condition, desflurane and sevoflurane were administered at a constant, subanesthetic inspired partial pressure (0.15 volume% for sevoflurane and 0.5 volume% for desflurane) for 45 min. Pulmonary arterial and systemic arterial blood samples were collected at eight time points during uptake, and then at these same times during elimination, for measurement of desflurane and sevoflurane partial pressures. The authors also assessed the effect of V-A/Q on paired differences in arterial and mixed venous partial pressures.Results: For desflurane washin, the scaled arterial partial pressure differences between 5 and 0 min were 0.70 +/- 0.10, 0.93 +/- 0.08, and 0.82 +/- 0.07 for the low, normal, and high V-A/Q conditions (means, 95% CI). Equivalent measurements for sevoflurane were 0.55 +/- 0.06, 0.77 +/- 0.04, and 0.75 +/- 0.08. For desflurane washout, the scaled arterial partial pressure differences between 0 and 5 min were 0.76 +/- 0.04, 0.88 +/- 0.02, and 0.92 +/- 0.01 for the low, normal, and high V-A/Q conditions. Equivalent measurements for sevoflurane were 0.79 +/- 0.05, 0.85 +/- 0.03, and 0.90 +/- 0.03.Conclusions: Kinetics of inhaled anesthetic washin and washout are substantially altered by changes in the global V-A/Q ratio for normal lungs.
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| 11. |
- Kretzschmar, Moritz, et al.
(author)
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Bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled methacholine delays desflurane uptake and elimination in a piglet model
- 2016
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In: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-9048 .- 1878-1519. ; 220, s. 88-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bronchoconstriction is a hallmark of asthma and impairs gas exchange. We hypothesized that pharmacokinetics of volatile anesthetics would be affected by bronchoconstriction. Ventilation/perfusion (V̇A/Q̇) ratios and pharmacokinetics of desflurane in both healthy state and during inhalational administration of methacholine (MCh) to double peak airway pressure were studied in a piglet model. In piglets, MCh administration by inhalation (100μg/ml, n=6) increased respiratory resistance, impaired V̇A/Q̇ distribution, increased shunt, and decreased paO2 in all animals. The uptake and elimination of desflurane in arterial blood was delayed by nebulization of MCh, as determined by Micropore Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry (wash-in time to P50, healthy vs. inhalation: 0.5min vs. 1.1min, to P90: 4.0min vs. 14.8min). Volatile elimination was accordingly delayed. Inhaled methacholine induced severe bronchoconstriction and marked inhomogeneous V̇A/Q̇ distribution in pigs, which is similar to findings in human asthma exacerbation. Furthermore, MCh-induced bronchoconstriction delayed both uptake and elimination of desflurane. These findings might be considered when administering inhalational anesthesia to asthmatic patients.
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| 12. |
- Kretzschmar, Moritz, et al.
(author)
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Effect of Bronchoconstriction-induced Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatch on Uptake and Elimination of Isoflurane and Desflurane
- 2017
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In: Anesthesiology. - 0003-3022 .- 1528-1175. ; 127:5, s. 800-812
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of patients with obstructive lung diseases need anesthesia for surgery. These conditions are associated with pulmonary ventilation/perfusion (VA/Q) mismatch affecting kinetics of volatile anesthetics. Pure shunt might delay uptake of less soluble anesthetic agents but other forms of VA/Q scatter have not yet been examined. Volatile anesthetics with higher blood solubility would be less affected by VA/Q mismatch. We therefore compared uptake and elimination of higher soluble isoflurane and less soluble desflurane in a piglet model.METHODS: Juvenile piglets (26.7 ± 1.5 kg) received either isoflurane (n = 7) or desflurane (n = 7). Arterial and mixed venous blood samples were obtained during wash-in and wash-out of volatile anesthetics before and during bronchoconstriction by methacholine inhalation (100 μg/ml). Total uptake and elimination were calculated based on partial pressure measurements by micropore membrane inlet mass spectrometry and literature-derived partition coefficients and assumed end-expired to arterial gradients to be negligible. VA/Q distribution was assessed by the multiple inert gas elimination technique.RESULTS: Before methacholine inhalation, isoflurane arterial partial pressures reached 90% of final plateau within 16 min and decreased to 10% after 28 min. By methacholine nebulization, arterial uptake and elimination delayed to 35 and 44 min. Desflurane needed 4 min during wash-in and 6 min during wash-out, but with bronchoconstriction 90% of both uptake and elimination was reached within 15 min.CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled methacholine induced bronchoconstriction and inhomogeneous VA/Q distribution. Solubility of inhalational anesthetics significantly influenced pharmacokinetics: higher soluble isoflurane is less affected than fairly insoluble desflurane, indicating different uptake and elimination during bronchoconstriction.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Larsson, Alf, et al.
(author)
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SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR IMPLEMENTING A SKEW-TOLERANT TRUE-SINGLE-PHASE-CLOCKING FLIP-FLOP
- 2003
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Patent (other academic/artistic)abstract
- An exemplary skew-tolerant true-single-phase-clocking (TSPC) flip-flop is disclosed that reduces current spikes by allowing willful introduction of skew in the clock tree of a single-phase circuit design. More precisely, a split-clock TSPC flip-flop, which allows the flip-flop hold times to be met in the face of skewed clocks, which, in turn, reduces the maximum value of current spikes, can be substituted for a traditional TSPC flip-flop in a sequential logic circuit. The input of the split-clock TSPC flip-flop is latched according to a first clock signal, which was used in a preceding stage, while the output of the split-clock TSPC flip-flop is driven according to a second clock signal. The first and second clock signals can be skewed in time, but have the same frequency and substantially the same phase.; Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) device can also be included within the split-clock TSPC flip-flop to reduce power dissipation in cases of large clock skew.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Larsson, Eva-Lena, 1947-
(author)
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Pre- and postoperative evaluation of function and activity in patients with paralytic scoliosis
- 2002
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis evaluates surgical correction in patients with paralytic scoliosis with emphasis on function and activity. The thesis includes four studies of 100 consecutive patients preoperatively evaluated and surgically corrected between 1992 and 1996 at Linköping University Hospital. Eighteen different diagnoses were represented. The postoperative follow-ups were at one year and in average seven years. Six patients dropped out during the first year and twelve during the long-term follow-up period. The assessments included general information, lung function, and measurements of radiographs, function and activity - seating posture, ADL, pain, care and need for rest. The patients or relatives view on the effects of surgery were evaluated in follow-up questionnaires.The preoperative results of the 100 patients described a heterogeneous group in terms of function and activity. Even when the patients were grouped into subgroups according to the Scoliosis Research Society classification, they remained heterogeneous. In patients who could understand verbal instructions assessments that needed co-operation could be used and in those who could not understand verbal instructions, assessments relied more heavily on measures of function and level of dependence. Preoperative results of weight distribution on the seating surface were explained by thoracolumbar/lumbar spinal imbalance and pelvic obliquity R2=0.45 (n=45).The one-year follow-up of 94 patients showed improvements in angle of scoliosis, sitting balance, weight distribution to the seating surface, seating supports in the wheelchair, time needed for rest. The results in subgroups were almost the same as in the whole group. The subjective results for patients or relatives in the follow-up questionnaire showed a positive outcome of surgery. In the comparison between the one-year follow-up and the long-term follow-up there were further improvements in sitting balance, ADL, and care given, but the angle of scoliosis was increased. These results were in line with patients’ and relatives’ assessments in the follow-up questionnaire and in the open-ended questions.Due to the heterogeneity of patients with paralytic scoliosis, irrespective of disorder, it is important to focus on different subgroups with regards to the patients’ total situation. The surgically corrected and stabilised spine resulted in the strength to keep the body upright with improvements in function, activity and possibilities to belong in social activities. Further improvements were shown between the one-year follow-up and the long-term follow-up. It is recommended that patients who have been surgically corrected for paralytic scoliosis are followed for more than one year.
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| 18. |
- Larsson, Mikael, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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Optical properties of diffractive, bifocal intraocular lenses
- 1991
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In: Ophthalmic Lens Design and Fabrication, SPIE 1529(Societ of Photo-Optical Engineers, Bellingham WA, 1991).. - Bellingham WA. ; , s. 63-70
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The resolution of diffractive, bifocal intraocular lenses was studied with regard to pupil displacement and diameter size through computer simulations, bench measurements and patient vision acuity measurements. Good agreement was obtained between these three methods of investigation. In particular we find that pupil displacements of the order of 1 mm reduce the resolution considerably for these lenses.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Li, Mingxin, 1964-
(author)
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Celluar and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Contraction in Health and Disease
- 2010
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Morphological changes, genetic modifications, and cell functional alterations are not always parallel. Therefore, assessment of skeletal muscle function is an integral part of the etiological approach. The general objective of this thesis was to look into the cellular and molecular events occurring in skeletal muscle contraction in healthy and diseased condition, using a single fiber preparation and a single fiber in vitro motility assay, in an attempt to approach the underlying mechanisms from different physiological angles. In a body size related muscle contractility study, scaling of actin filament sliding speed and its temperature sensitivity has been investigated in mammals covering a 5,500-fold difference in body mass. A profound temperature dependence of actin filament sliding speed over myosin head was demonstrated irrespective of MyHC isoform expression and species. However, the expected body size related scaling within orthologus myosin isoforms between species failed to be maintained at any temperature over 5,500-fold range in body mass, with the larger species frequently having faster in vitro motility speeds than the smaller species. This suggest that apart from the MyHC iso-form expression, other factors such as thin filament proteins and myofilament lattice spacing, may contribute to the scaling related regulation of skeletal muscle contractility. A study of a novel R133W β-tropomyosin mutation on regulation of skeletal muscle contraction in the skinned single fiber prepration and single fiber in vitro motility assay suggested that the mutation induced alteration in myosin-actin kinetics causing a reduced number of myosin molecules in the strong actin binding state, resulting in overall muscle weakness in the absence of muscle wasting. A study on a type IIa MyHC isoform missense mutation at the motor protein level demonstrated a significant negative effect on the function of the IIa MyHC isoform while other myosin isoforms had normal function. This provides evidence that the pathogenesis of the MyHC IIa E706K myopathy involves defective function of the mutated myosin as well as alterations in the structural integrity of all muscle irrespective of MyHC isoform expression.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Ostergaard, Mikkel, et al.
(author)
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Certolizumab pegol, abatacept, tocilizumab or active conventional treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis : 48-week clinical and radiographic results of the investigator-initiated randomised controlled NORD-STAR trial
- 2023
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In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 82:10, s. 1286-1295
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background The optimal first-line treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is debated. We compared clinical and radiographic outcomes of active conventional therapy with each of three biological treatments with different modes of action. Methods Investigator-initiated, randomised, blinded-assessor study. Patients with treatment-naive early RA with moderate-severe disease activity were randomised 1:1:1:1 to methotrexate combined with (1) active conventional therapy: oral prednisolone (tapered quickly, discontinued at week 36) or sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine and intra-articular glucocorticoid injections in swollen joints; (2) certolizumab pegol; (3) abatacept or (4) tocilizumab. Coprimary endpoints were week 48 Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) remission (CDAI <= 2.8) and change in radiographic van der Heijde-modified Sharp Score, estimated using logistic regression and analysis of covariance, adjusted for sex, anticitrullinated protein antibody status and country. Bonferroni's and Dunnet's procedures adjusted for multiple testing (significance level: 0.025). Results Eight hundred and twelve patients were randomised. Adjusted CDAI remission rates at week 48 were: 59.3% (abatacept), 52.3% (certolizumab), 51.9% (tocilizumab) and 39.2% (active conventional therapy). Compared with active conventional therapy, CDAI remission rates were significantly higher for abatacept (adjusted difference +20.1%, p<0.001) and certolizumab (+13.1%, p=0.021), but not for tocilizumab (+12.7%, p=0.030). Key secondary clinical outcomes were consistently better in biological groups. Radiographic progression was low, without group differences. Conclusions Compared with active conventional therapy, clinical remission rates were superior for abatacept and certolizumab pegol, but not for tocilizumab. Radiographic progression was low and similar between treatments.
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| 25. |
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Religion och medier : några perspektiv
- 2006
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Mötet mellan medier och religion är ett aktuellt ämne i dagens samhälls- och kulturliv liksom inom forskning och undervisning. Hur skildras religion i svenska nyhetsmedier? Hur använder religiösa företrädare medier som redskap för att kommunicera i dagens samhälle? Den här boken presenterar exempel på aktuell forskning om dessa och andra frågor. Texter är skrivna från flera olika perspektiv, av forskare med bakgrund inom olika vetenskapliga discipliner som religionssociologi, islamologi, medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap och bibelvetenskap, samt av journalister och präster med praktisk erfarenhet av frågorna.Syftet med antologi är att inspirera läsare till vidare reflektion över hur religion och medier fungerar, samspelar och förändras i det senmoderna samhället. Boken är främst avsedd för studenter inom religionsvetenskap, media och kommunikationsvetenskap och utbildning. Den är också intressant för pedagoger, ledare inom religiösa institutioner, journalister och informatörer.
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| 26. |
- Rijk, Ingrid, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Biochar and peat amendments affect nitrogen retention, microbial capacity and nitrogen cycling microbial communities in a metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated urban soil
- 2024
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 936
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Soil contaminants may restrict soil functions. A promising soil remediation method is amendment with biochar, which has the potential to both adsorb contaminants and improve soil health. However, effects of biochar amendment on soil-plant nitrogen (N) dynamics and N cycling microbial guilds in contaminated soils are still poorly understood. Here, a metal- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated soil was amended with either biochar (0, 3, 6 % w/w) and/or peat (0, 1.5, 3 % w/w) in a full-factorial design and sown with perennial ryegrass in an outdoor field trial. After three months, N and the stable isotopic ratio δ15N was measured in soil, roots and leaves, along with microbial responses. Aboveground grass biomass decreased by 30 % and leaf N content by 20 % with biochar, while peat alone had no effect. Peat in particular, but also biochar, stimulated the abundance of microorganisms (measured as 16S rRNA gene copy number) and basal respiration. Microbial substrate utilization (MicroResp™) was altered differentially, as peat increased respiration of all carbon sources, while for biochar, respiration of carboxylic acids increased, sugars decreased, and was unaffected for amino acids. Biochar increased the abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea, while peat stimulated ammonia oxidizing bacteria, Nitrobacter-type nitrite oxidizers and comB-type complete ammonia oxidizers. Biochar and peat also increased nitrous oxide reducing communities (nosZI and nosZII), while peat alone or combined with biochar also increased abundance of nirK-type denitrifiers. However, biochar and peat lowered leaf δ15N by 2-4 ‰, indicating that processes causing gaseous N losses, like denitrification and ammonia volatilization, were reduced compared to the untreated contaminated soil, probably an effect of biotic N immobilization. Overall, this study shows that in addition to contaminant stabilization, amendment with biochar and peat can increase N retention while improving microbial capacity to perform important soil functions.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Thorstensson, Alf, et al.
(author)
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Muscle strength and fiber composition in athletes and sedentary men.
- 1977
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In: Medicine and science in sports. - 0025-7990. ; 9:1, s. 26-30
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Members of Swedish national teams in track and field events (sprinting and jumping), downhill skiing, race walking, orienteering, and a group of sedentary men were studied to examine the relationship between muslce fiber characteristics in needle biopsy samples form m. vastus lateralis and muscle strength measured as peak torque during isokinectic knee extensions. In comparison with the sedentary group the following differences were found: a) percentage fast twitch fibers was lower in the endurance athetes, b) fast to slow twitch muscle fiber area ratio was higher in the track athletes, c)track athletes and downhill skier attained higher peak torque values at all angular velocities examined. The track athletes had, however, higher torque values at the fastest angular velocity as compared to the downhill skiers, whereas there was no differnce under isometric conditions. The proportion of fast twitch fibers was related to torque produced, especially at high motion velocity. The training also appeared to affect the force-velocity relationship.
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| 29. |
- Vitucci, Carlo, et al.
(author)
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A Reliability-oriented Faults Taxonomy and a Recovery-oriented Methodological Approach for Systems Resilience
- 2022
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In: Proceedings - 2022 IEEE 46th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference, COMPSAC 2022. - : IEEE. - 9781665488105 ; , s. 48-55
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fault management is an important function that impacts the design of any digital system, from the simple kiosk in a shop to a complex 6G network. It is common to classify fault conditions into different taxonomies using terms like fault or error. Fault taxonomies are often suitable for managing fault detection, fault reporting, and fault localization but often neglect to support all different functions required by a fault management process. A correctly implemented fault management process must be able to distinguish between defects and faults, decide upon ap-propriate actions to recover the system to an ideal state, and avoid an error condition. Fault management is a multi-disciplinary process where recovery actions are deployed promptly by com-bined hardware, firmware, and software orchestration. The importance of fault management processes significantly increases with modern nanometer technologies, which suffer the risk of so-called soft errors, a corruption of a bit cells that can happen due to spurious disturbance, like cosmic radiation. Modern fault management implementations must support recovery actions for soft errors to ensure a steady system. This paper describes an extended fault classification model that emphasizes fault management and recovery actions. We aim to show how the reliability-based fault taxonomy definition is more suitable for the overall fault management process.
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| 30. |
- Vitucci, Carlo, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Run Time Memory Error Recovery Process in Networking System.
- 2023
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In: 7th IEEE International Conference on System Reliability and Safety. - Bologna, Italy : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9798350306064 ; , s. 590-597
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- System memory errors have always been problematic; today, they cause more than forty percent of confirmed hardware errors in repair centers for both data centers and telecommunications network nodes. Therefore, it is somewhat expected that, in recent years, device manufacturers improved the hardware features to support hardware-assisted fault management implementation. For example, the new standard, DDR5, includes both data redundancy, the so-called Error Correcting Code (ECC), and physical redundancy, the post-package repair (PPR), as mandatory features. Production and repair centers mainly use physical redundancy to replace faulty memory rows. In contrast, field use still needs to be improved, mainly due to a need for integrated system solutions for network nodes. This paper aims to compensate for this shortcoming and presents a system solution for handling memory errors. It is a multi-technology proposition (mixed use of ECC and PPR) based on multi-layer (hardware, firmware, and software) error information exchange.
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| 31. |
- Weitoft, Tomas, et al.
(author)
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Exhaled Nitric Oxide Reflects the Immune Reactions of the Airways in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 2024
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In: Biomedicines. - : MDPI. - 2227-9059. ; 12:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have altered levels of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) compared with healthy controls. Here, we investigated whether the clinical features of and immunological factors in RA pathogenesis could be linked to the NO lung dynamics in early disease. A total of 44 patients with early RA and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs), specified as cyclic citrullinated peptide 2 (CCP2), were included. Their exhaled NO levels were measured, and the alveolar concentration, the airway compartment diffusing capacity and the airway wall concentration of NO were estimated using the Högman–Meriläinen algorithm. The disease activity was measured using the Disease Activity Score for 28 joints. Serum samples were analysed for anti-CCP2, rheumatoid factor, free secretory component, secretory component containing ACPAs, antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis (Rgp) and total levels of IgA, IgA1 and IgA2. Significant negative correlations were found between the airway wall concentration of NO and the number of swollen joints (Rho −0.48, p = 0.004), between the airway wall concentration of NO and IgA rheumatoid factor (Rho −0.41, p = 0.017), between the alveolar concentration and free secretory component (Rho −0.35, p = 0.023) and between the alveolar concentration and C-reactive protein (Rho −0.36, p = 0.016), but none were found for anti-CCP2, IgM rheumatoid factor or the anti-Rgp levels. In conclusion, altered NO levels, particularly its production in the airway walls, may have a role in the pathogenesis of ACPA-positive RA.
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- Weitoft, Tomas, et al.
(author)
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Exhaled Nitric Oxide Reflects the Immune Reactions of the Airways in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 2024
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In: Biomedicines. - : MDPI. - 2227-9059. ; 12:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have altered levels of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) compared with healthy controls. Here, we investigated whether the clinical features of and immunological factors in RA pathogenesis could be linked to the NO lung dynamics in early disease. A total of 44 patients with early RA and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs), specified as cyclic citrullinated peptide 2 (CCP2), were included. Their exhaled NO levels were measured, and the alveolar concentration, the airway compartment diffusing capacity and the airway wall concentration of NO were estimated using the H & ouml;gman-Meril & auml;inen algorithm. The disease activity was measured using the Disease Activity Score for 28 joints. Serum samples were analysed for anti-CCP2, rheumatoid factor, free secretory component, secretory component containing ACPAs, antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis (Rgp) and total levels of IgA, IgA1 and IgA2. Significant negative correlations were found between the airway wall concentration of NO and the number of swollen joints (Rho -0.48, p = 0.004), between the airway wall concentration of NO and IgA rheumatoid factor (Rho -0.41, p = 0.017), between the alveolar concentration and free secretory component (Rho -0.35, p = 0.023) and between the alveolar concentration and C-reactive protein (Rho -0.36, p = 0.016), but none were found for anti-CCP2, IgM rheumatoid factor or the anti-Rgp levels. In conclusion, altered NO levels, particularly its production in the airway walls, may have a role in the pathogenesis of ACPA-positive RA.
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