| 1. |
- Kanatsuna, N, et al.
(författare)
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Doubly reactive INS-IGF2 autoantibodies in children with newly diagnosed autoimmune (type 1) diabetes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 82:4, s. 361-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The splice variant INS-IGF2 entails the preproinsulin signal peptide, the insulin B-chain, eight amino acids of the C-peptide and 138 unique amino acids from an ORF in the IGF2 gene. The aim of this study was to determine whether levels of specific INS-IGF2 autoantibodies (INS-IGF2A) were related to age at diagnosis, islet autoantibodies, HLA-DQ or both, in patients and controls with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Patients (n = 676), 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 1996-2005 and controls (n = 363) were analysed for specific INS-IGF2A after displacement with both cold insulin and INS-IGF2 to correct for non-specific binding and identify double reactive sera. GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ICA, ZnT8RA, ZnT8WA, ZnT8QA and HLA-DQ genotypes were also determined. The median level of specific INS-IGF2A was higher in patients than in controls (P < 0.001). Irrespective of age at diagnosis, 19% (126/676) of the patients had INS-IGF2A when the cut-off was the 95th percentile of the controls (P < 0.001). The risk of INS-IGF2A was increased among HLA-DQ2/8 (OR = 1.509; 95th CI 1.011, 2.252; P = 0.045) but not in 2/2, 2/X, 8/8, 8/X or X/X (X is neither 2 nor 8) patients. The association with HLA-DQ2/8 suggests that this autoantigen may be presented on HLA-DQ trans-heterodimers, rather than cis-heterodimers. Autoantibodies reactive with both insulin and INS-IGF2A at diagnosis support the notion that INS-IGF2 autoimmunity contributes to type 1 diabetes.
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| 2. |
- Lundqvist, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Development and psychometric properties of the Swedish ALPS-Neo pain and stress assessment scale for newborn infants
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 103:8, s. 833-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To validate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the ALPS-Neo, a new pain assessment scale created for the continuous evaluation of pain and stress in preterm and sick term infants.METHODS: A unidimensional scale for continuous pain, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Pain Scale (ALPS 1), was developed further to assess continuous pain and stress in infants treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The pain scale includes observations of five behaviours. A manual was created, clarifying the scoring criteria. An internal and an external panel assessed face validity. Psychometric properties were evaluated in three different steps. Inter-rater reliability was estimated from video-based assessments (n = 625) using weighted kappa statistics (test I). Inter-rater reliability was further evaluated in test II (n = 125) and test III (n = 96) by real-time assessments using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha.RESULTS: The final inter-rater reliability (test III) was assessed as good with ICC 0.91 for the total score and 0.62-0.81 for the five items. Cronbach's alpha showed 0.95 for the total score.CONCLUSION: ALPS-Neo is a new assessment tool for optimising the management of pain and stress in newborn infants in the NICU. It has proved easy to implement and user-friendly, permitting fast, reliable observations with high inter-rater reliability.
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| 3. |
- Bäckström, Caroline A., et al.
(författare)
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Expecting parents’ use of digital sources in preparation for parenthood in a digitalised society – a systematic review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Digital Health. - : Sage Publications. - 2055-2076. ; 8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIn today's society, people are experiencing the rapid development of digitalisation. Expecting parents may have difficulties evaluating the information online; they are not always sure which sources of information are trustworthy, and this exacerbates their feelings of anxiety. More research is needed to broaden the knowledge about how their use of digital sources may influence their health.QuestionThe focus of this study was to explore expecting parents’ use of digital sources and how this influences their health during pregnancy.MethodsA systematic review covered the thematic analysis of 39 articles.FindingsThe analysis resulted in the following theme: The digitalised society involves both opportunities and challenges, and expecting parents express a need for a variety of digital sources to improve their health, and sub-themes: Digital sources could promote parents’ health and well-being in a digitalised society; Consuming digital health information facilitates understanding, different feelings and social connections; and A variety of digital sources may facilitate parental identification and adaption to parenthood.ConclusionDifferent digital sources in our digitalised society mean access to information and opportunities to extend social connections for expecting parents. This can promote their ability to understand and adapt to parenthood, as well as to improve their health and well-being and make the parental transition. However, professional support during face-to-face consultations cannot always be exchanged to digital sources. It is important to base digital sources devoted to expecting parents and digitalisation overall on multi-sectorial collaborations and coordination between different organisations and the digital sources they provide.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between Ljungan virus antibodies, HLA-DQ8, and insulin autoantibodies in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children
- 2013
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Ingår i: Viral immunology. - : Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.. - 0882-8245 .- 1557-8976. ; 26:3, s. 207-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental factors, including viral infections, may explain an increasing and fluctuating incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D). Ljungan virus (LV) isolated from bank voles have been implicated, but it is unclear whether LV contributes to islet autoimmunity, progression to clinical onset, or both, of T1D. The aim was to test whether LV antibodies (LVAb) were related to HLA-DQ and islet autoantibodies in newly diagnosed T1D patients (n = 676) and controls (n = 309). Patients, 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with T1D in 1996-2005 were analyzed for LVAb, HLA-DQ genotypes, and all seven known islet autoantibodies (GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ICA, ZnT8RA, ZnT8WA, and ZnT8QA). LVAb at 75th percentile, defined as cut off, was 90 (range 6-3936) U/mL and 4th quartile LVAb were found in 25% (170/676) of which 64% were < 10 (n = 108, p < 0.0001), and 27% were < 5 (n = 45; p < 0.0001) years old. The 4th quartile LVAb in children < 10 years of age correlated to HLA DQ2/8, 8/8, and 8/X (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, in the group with 4th quartile LVAb, 55% were IAA positive (p = 0.01) and correlation was found between 4th quartile LVAb and IAA in children < 10 years of age (p = 0.035). It is concluded that 1) LVAb were common among the young T1D patients and LVAb levels were higher in the younger age groups; 2) 4th quartile LVAb correlated with IAA; and 3) there was a correlation between 4th quartile LVAb and HLA-DQ8, particularly in the young patients. The presence of LVAb supports the notion that prior exposure to LV may be associated with T1D.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Allard, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby : DN Debatt 2015-06-11
- 2015
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Cecilia K, et al.
(författare)
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Glucose tolerance and beta-cell function in islet autoantibody-positive children recruited to a secondary prevention study.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 14:5, s. 341-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk and islet autoantibodies are recruited to a secondary prevention study. The aims were to determine metabolic control in relation to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic risk and islet autoantibodies in prepubertal children. METHODS: In 47 healthy children with GADA and at least one additional islet autoantibody, intravenous glucose tolerance test (IvGTT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed 8-65 d apart. Hemoglobin A1c, plasma glucose as well as serum insulin and C-peptide were determined at fasting and during IvGTT and OGTT. RESULTS: All children aged median 5.1 (4.0-9.2) yr had autoantibodies to two to six of the beta-cell antigens GAD65, insulin, IA-2, and the three amino acid position 325 variants of the ZnT8 transporter. In total, 20/47 children showed impaired glucose metabolism. Decreased (≤30 μU/mL insulin) first-phase insulin response (FPIR) was found in 14/20 children while 11/20 had impaired glucose tolerance in the OGTT. Five children had both impaired glucose tolerance and FPIR ≤30 μU/mL insulin. Number and levels of autoantibodies were not associated with glucose metabolism, except for an increased frequency (p = 0.03) and level (p = 0.01) of ZnT8QA in children with impaired glucose metabolism. Among the children with impaired glucose metabolism, 13/20 had HLA-DQ2/8, compared to 9/27 of the children with normal glucose metabolism (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Secondary prevention studies in children with islet autoantibodies are complicated by variability in baseline glucose metabolism. Evaluation of metabolic control with both IvGTT and OGTT is critical and should be taken into account before randomization. All currently available autoantibody tests should be analyzed, including ZnT8QA.
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| 10. |
- Ansin, Caroline, 1996, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation and Field Measurements of the Long-term Rail Surface Damage due to Plasticity, Wear and Surface Rolling Contact Fatigue Cracks in a Curve
- 2022
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Ingår i: CM 2022 - 12th International Conference on Contact Mechanics and Wear of Rail/Wheel Systems, Conference Proceedings. ; , s. 591-601
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A methodology that simulates the long-term rail surface damage in a cross-section of a curve for a given traffic scenario is presented. The numerical model considers plastic deformation, wear, and initiation of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) surface cracks. The models and simulations are calibrated and validated, respectively, against field profile measurement data.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Gummesson, Anders, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Relations of Adipose Tissue Cell Death-Inducing DFFA-like Effector A Gene Expression to Basal Metabolic Rate, Energy Restriction and Obesity: Population-based and Dietary Intervention Studies.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 92:12, s. 4759-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A (CIDEA) could be a potential target for the treatment of obesity via the modulation of metabolic rate, based on the findings that CIDEA inhibits the brown adipose tissue uncoupling process in rodents. Objective: To investigate the putative link between CIDEA and basal metabolic rate in humans, and to further elucidate the role of CIDEA in human obesity. Design: We have explored CIDEA gene expression in adipose tissue in two different human studies: A cross-sectional and population-based study assessing body composition and metabolic rate (Mölndal Metabolic study, n=92), and a longitudinal intervention-study of obese subjects treated with a very low calorie diet (VLCD study, n=24). Results: The CIDEA gene was predominantly expressed in adipocytes as compared to other human tissues. CIDEA gene expression in adipose tissue was inversely associated with basal metabolic rate independently of body composition, age and gender (p=0.014). VLCD induced an increase in adipose tissue CIDEA expression (p<0.0001) with a subsequent decrease in response to refeeding (p<0.0001). Reduced CIDEA gene expression was associated with a high body fat content (p<0.0001) and with high insulin levels (p<0.01). No dysregulation of CIDEA expression was observed in individuals with the metabolic syndrome when compared with BMI-matched controls. In a separate sample of VLCD-treated subjects (n=10), uncoupling protein 1 expression was reduced during diet (p=0.0026) and inversely associated with CIDEA expression (p=0.0014). Conclusion: The findings are consistent with the concept that CIDEA plays a role in adipose tissue energy expenditure.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Holzgraefe, Bernhard, et al.
(författare)
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Does permissive hypoxaemia during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cause long-term neurological impairment? : A study in patients with H1N1-induced severe respiratory failure
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Anaesthesiology. - 0265-0215 .- 1365-2346. ; 34:2, s. 98-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Extracorporeal Life Support Organisation accepts permissive hypoxaemia in adult patients during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The neurological long-term outcome of this approach has not yet been studied.OBJECTIVES: We investigated the prevalence of brain lesions and cognitive dysfunction in survivors from the Influenza A/H1N1 2009 pandemic treated with permissive hypoxaemia during ECMO for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Our hypothesis was that this method is reasonable if tissue hypoxia is avoided.DESIGN: Long-term follow-up study after ECMO.SETTING: Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden, from October 2012 to July 2013.PATIENTS: Seven patients treated with ECMO for severe influenza A/H1N1-induced ARDS were studied 3.2 years after treatment. Blood lactate concentrations were used as a surrogate for tissue oxygenation.INTERVENTIONS: Neurocognitive outcome was studied with standardised cognitive tests and MRI of the brain.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cognitive functioning and hypoxic brain lesions after permissive hypoxaemia during ECMO. The observation period was the first 10 days of ECMO or the entire treatment period if shorter than 10 days.RESULTS: Eleven of 13 patients were still alive 3 years after ECMO. We were able to contact seven of these patients (mean age 31 years), who all agreed to participate in this study. Mean +/- SD peripherally measured arterial saturation during the observation period was 79 +/- 10%. Full-scale Intelligence Quotient was within one standard deviation or above from the mean of a healthy population in five patients, and was 1.5 SD below the mean in one patient. In one other patient, it could not be determined because of a lack of formal education. Memory functioning was normal in all patients. MRI showed no changes related to cerebral hypoxia.CONCLUSIONS: Permissive hypoxaemia during ECMO might not negatively affect long-term cognitive outcome if adequate organ perfusion is maintained.
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| 17. |
- Hässler, Signe, et al.
(författare)
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Aire deficient mice develop hematopoetic irregularities and marginal zone B cell lymphoma
- 2006
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 108:6, s. 1941-1948
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS I) is an inherited recessive disorder with a progressive immunological destruction of many tissues including the adrenal cortex, the parathyroid glands, and the gonads. APS I is caused by mutations in the AIRE gene (autoimmune regulator), expressed in cells of the thymus and spleen, suggesting a role in central and peripheral tolerance. Aire(-/-) mice replicate the autoimmune features of APS I patients with the presence of multiple autoantibodies and lymphocytic infiltrates in various tissues, but young mice appear clinically healthy. We here report the investigation of 15- to 24-month-old Aire(-/-) mice. We did not observe any endocrinological abnormalities, nor did sera from these mice recognize known APS I autoantigens. Interestingly, however, there was a high frequency of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma in Aire(-/-) mice and liver infiltrates of B cells, suggesting chronic antigen exposure and exaggerated activation. Furthermore, increased numbers of monocytes in blood were identified as well as augmented numbers of metallophilic macrophages in the spleen. We propose that Aire, in addition to its function in the thymus, also has a peripheral regulatory role by controlling the development of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and marginal zone B-cell activation.
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| 18. |
- Kanatsuna, Norio, et al.
(författare)
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Doubly reactive INS-IGF2 autoantibodies in children with newly diagnosed autoimmune (type 1) diabetes.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 1365-3083 .- 0300-9475. ; 82:4, s. 361-369
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The splice variant INS-IGF2 entails the preproinsulin signal peptide, the insulin B-chain, eight amino acids of the C-peptide and 138 unique amino acids from an ORF in the IGF2 gene. The aim was to determine whether levels of specific INS-IGF2 autoantibodies (INS-IGF2A) were related to age at diagnosis, islet autoantibodies, HLA-DQ, or both, in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients and controls. Patients (n=676), 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 1996-2005 and controls (n=363) were analyzed for specific INS-IGF2A after displacement with both cold insulin and INS-IGF2 to correct for non-specific binding and identify double reactive sera. GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ICA, ZnT8RA, ZnT8WA, and ZnT8QA, and HLA-DQ genotypes were also determined. The median level of specific INS-IGF2A was higher in patients than controls (p<0.001). Irrespective of age at diagnosis, 19 % (126/676) of the patients had INS-IGF2A when the cut-off was the 95th percentile of the controls (p<0.001). The risk of INS-IGF2A was increased among HLA-DQ2/8 (OR=1.509; 95th CI 1.011, 2.252; p=0.045) but not in 2/2, 2/X, 8/8, 8/X or X/X (X is neither 2 nor 8) patients. The association with HLA-DQ2/8 suggests that this autoantigen may be presented on HLA-DQ trans, rather than cis heterodimers. Autoantibodies reactive with both insulin and INS-IGF2A at diagnosis support the notion that INS-IGF2 autoimmunity contributes to type 1 diabetes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Karlsson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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PRISMA IRIDES : PERFORMANCE AT THE END OF THE DRIFT PHASE & PLANNED RENDEZVOUS EXPERIMENTS
- 2014
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Ingår i: 9th International ESA Conference on Guidance, Navigation & Control Systems, Oporto, Portugal.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- PRISMA was launched on June 15, 2010 to demonstrate strategies and technologies for formation flying and rendezvous. OHB Sweden is the prime contractor for the project which is funded by the Swedish National Space Board with additional support from DLR, CNES, and DTU.PRISMA consists of two spacecraft: Mango and Tango. The Mango spacecraft is 3-axis stabilized and has a propulsion system providing full 3D orbit control. Tango is 3-axis stabilized with a solar magnetic control system and does not have orbit control capability. The two spacecraft were launched clamped together into a 700 km SSO and Tango was successfully separated from Mango on August 11, 2010.In April 2013, when both the nominal and extended mission phases were successfully completed, new objectives were assigned to the Mango spacecraft and the Tango spacecraft was shut down permanently. An eighteen month journey was started towards a new, non-cooperative space object to demonstrate rendezvous and inspection within an experiment called IRIDES (Iterative Reduction of Inspection Distance with Embedded Safety). The baseline rendezvous target is Picard.Since the start of IRIDES, the Mango spacecraft has completed a large series of optimized orbit manoeuvres that has put the spacecraft on a drift towards the new object. The rendezvous is expected in the second half of 2014 and will demonstrate optical relative navigation technologies and the characterization of the rendezvous object and its motion with the use of the on-board video system. The rendezvous strategy within IRIDES includes a series of collision free drift manoeuvres past the rendezvous object successively reducing the closest relative distance. The demonstrated technologies for this rendezvous are believed to play an important role in the future developments associated with space debris mitigation.The paper gives a brief introduction to PRISMA including a retrospective of the different achievements made in the mission. The paper then describes the optimized orbit manoeuvres made to acquire the drift orbit. The status of the drift finalization is then given where the initial manoeuvres performed to finalize the drift are described. The final part of the paper describes the planned activities within the rendezvous phase with focus on the IRIDES experiment.
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| 20. |
- Kõljalg, Urmas, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a unified paradigm for sequence-based identification of fungi.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Molecular ecology. - : Wiley. - 1365-294X .- 0962-1083. ; 22:21, s. 5271-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region is the formal fungal barcode and in most cases the marker of choice for the exploration of fungal diversity in environmental samples. Two problems are particularly acute in the pursuit of satisfactory taxonomic assignment of newly generated ITS sequences: (i) the lack of an inclusive, reliable public reference data set and (ii) the lack of means to refer to fungal species, for which no Latin name is available in a standardized stable way. Here, we report on progress in these regards through further development of the UNITE database (http://unite.ut.ee) for molecular identification of fungi. All fungal species represented by at least two ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are now given a unique, stable name of the accession number type (e.g. Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus|GU586904|SH133781.05FU), and their taxonomic and ecological annotations were corrected as far as possible through a distributed, third-party annotation effort. We introduce the term 'species hypothesis' (SH) for the taxa discovered in clustering on different similarity thresholds (97-99%). An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These reference sequences are released (http://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and in the QIIME pipeline. The system and the data will be updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows. We invite everybody in the position to improve the annotation or metadata associated with their particular fungal lineages of expertise to do so through the new Web-based sequence management system in UNITE.
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| 21. |
- Kõljalg, Urmas, et al.
(författare)
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UNITE: a database providing web-based methods for the molecular identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi
- 2005
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 166:3, s. 1063-1068
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi is often achieved through comparisons of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences with accessioned sequences deposited in public databases. A major problem encountered is that annotation of the sequences in these databases is not always complete or trustworthy. In order to overcome this deficiency, we report on UNITE, an open-access database. UNITE comprises well annotated fungal ITS sequences from well defined herbarium specimens that include full herbarium reference identification data, collector/source and ecological data. At present UNITE contains 758 ITS sequences from 455 species and 67 genera of ECM fungi. UNITE can be searched by taxon name, via sequence similarity using BLAST n, and via phylogenetic sequence identification using galaxie. Following implementation, galaxie performs a phylogenetic analysis of the query sequence after alignment either to pre-existing generic alignments, or to matches retrieved from a BLAST search on the UNITE data. It should be noted that the current version of UNITE is dedicated to the reliable identification of ECM fungi. The UNITE database is accessible through the URLhttp://unite.zbi.ee.
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| 22. |
- Larsson, B., et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review of risk factors associated with transitioning from regional musculoskeletal pain to chronic widespread pain
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : Elsevier. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 16:8, s. 1084-1093
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic widespread pain has limited treatment options and is associated with pronounced negative individual and socioeconomic consequences. Patients with local or regional pain may be at a risk for developing chronic widespread pain. Knowledge of such risk factors can help prevent chronic widespread pain. This study systematically reviews the literature that examines risk factors associated with developing chronic widespread after developing chronic regional pain. We conducted a three-step database search in Medline. Four articles from the authors files formed a core set of articles that were used to validate the search strategy. We conducted a systematic quality assessment of the included studies. Based on risk estimations reported in six prospective population-based studies and one retrospective study on pain, this study identified five risk factors: female sex, higher age, family history of pain, depressed mode and pain sites at baseline. As only a few studies were recovered, the impact of these factors is unclear. Spreading of pain from local or regional pain to widespread pain occurs in a large proportion of the general population. Few studies have addressed similar risk factors and the few risk factors associated with the transition from chronic regional pain to chronic widespread pain are inconsistent. Studies that focus on this transition have included few subjects and few possible risk factors. Future studies should explore more possible risk factors.
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| 23. |
- Larsson, Barbro, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Surface electromyography and peak torque of repetitive maximum isokinetic plantar flexions in relation to aspects of muscle morphology
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1050-6411 .- 1873-5711. ; 16:3, s. 281-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the relationships between surface electromyography (EMG [Mean frequency of the power spectrum (MNF)]) and peak torque variables obtained during 100 maximum concentric plantar flexions with the right limb at 60 degrees s(-1) and different muscle morphological variables. Surface EMG was recorded from the right gastrocnemius lateralis and muscle biopsies were taken from the same site as the EMG electrodes were positioned. Muscle fibre area and fibre type composition were determined on serial muscle cross sections using both histochemistry (myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase) and immunohistochemistry (monoclonal antibodies against specific myosin heavy chain isoforms). Forty-three female and nine male students participated in the study. Gastrocnemius lateralis contained predominantly type I fibres (50%) and type IIA fibres (40%) in both sexes and large individual differences were found. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for the intercorrelation analyses, and projection to latent structures (PLS) was used for the multivariate regression analysis. MNF correlated positively with different fibre areas and with the proportion of type I fibres. Fibre areas and sex were the most important factors in the regression of maximum peak torque. High proportion of type I fibres and sex were the most important regressors of peak torque endurance normalised for lean body mass. More studies are needed to understand the complex interrelationships between intrinsic muscle properties and the frequency content of the surface EMG before theoretical models can be formulated that incorporate both fibre areas and fibre type proportions.
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| 24. |
- Larsson, Britt, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalences of cytochrome c oxidase negative and superpositive fibres and ragged-red fibres in the trapezius muscle of female cleaners with and without myalgia and of female healthy controls
- 2000
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Ingår i: Pain. - 1872-6623 .- 0304-3959. ; 84:2-3, s. 379-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association of cytochrome c oxidase negative fibres (COX-negative) and ragged-red fibres (RR-fibres) with work related trapezius myalgia has been proposed. Hitherto studies have been small or without control groups. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalences of RR-fibres and COX-negative fibres in female cleaners with (n=25) and without (n=23) trapezius myalgia and in clinically healthy female teachers (n=21). The cleaners did mainly floor cleaning requiring monotonous loading on the trapezius muscle. A questionnaire covering background data and aspects of pain (prevalence, duration, intensity and influence on daily living) was answered. Biopsies were obtained from the trapezius muscle by an open surgical technique. The three groups did not differ in prevalence of COX-negative or COX-superpositive (i.e. type-I fibres with extremely strong brownish reaction in both the COX and SDH/COX stainings) fibres. The prevalence of COX-negative fibres was age dependent. Two subgroups of RR-fibres were present when stained for COX; COX-negative (73%) and COX-superpositive (26%) fibres. Forty-two percent of the COX-negative fibres were RR-fibres and 79% of the COX-superpositive were RR-fibres. A significantly (P=0.002) higher proportion of the COX-superpositive fibres in the cleaners were RR-fibres compared to the teachers. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, occupation as cleaner and a tender point in the trapezius were significantly associated with increased prevalences of RR-fibres; a cleaner with a tender point had a 4.35 higher prevalence of RR-fibres compared to a teacher without a tender point. No correlations between other pain related variables and prevalence of RR-fibres were noted. In conclusion, RR-fibres but not COX-negative or COX-superpositive fibres were correlated with cleaning work tasks and with a tender point in the trapezius.
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| 25. |
- Larsson, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Antagonistic effects of 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on L-type Ca2+ channels and Na+/Ca2+ exchange in enterocytes from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0952-5041 .- 1479-6813. ; 28:1, s. 53-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is mounting evidence that vitamin D and its metabolites play important roles in regulating plasma calcium concentrations in teleost fish as in other vertebrates. The aims of the present study were to elucidate the possible cellular target mechanisms for the rapid actions of 24R,25(OH)(2)D(3), 25(OH)D(3) and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in Atlantic cod enterocytes at physiological doses, and to establish the concentration and thus the physiological range of circulating 24R,25(OH)(2)D(3), 25(OH)D(3) and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in the Atlantic cod. The plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D(3), 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and 24R,25(OH)(2)D(3) were 15.3 +/- 2.7nM, 125.1 +/- 12.3pM and 10.1 +/- 23.5nM respectively. Exposure of enterocytes to 10mM calcium (Ca(2+)) evoked an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)). This increase was suppressed by 24R,25(OH)(2)D(3) dose-dependently, with an EC(50) of 4.9nM and a maximal inhibition of 60%. 24R,25(OH)(2)D(3) (20nM) abolished an increase in [Ca(2+)](i) (approximately 252%) in the control enterocytes exposed to 10microM S(-)-BAYK-8644, suggesting that the hormone acts by inhibiting Ca(2+) entry through L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. Administration of 20nM 24R,25(OH)(2)D(3) to enterocytes in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+) increased [Ca(2+)](i) by approximately 20%, indicating a release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores. Administration of 25(OH)D(3) (20nM) resulted in a biphasic change in the enterocyte [Ca(2+)](i): within 1--5s, it decreased to 87 +/- 12nM below its mean basal [Ca(2+)](i) (334 +/- 13nM), followed by a rapid recovery of [Ca(2+)](i) to a new level, 10% lower than the initial [Ca(2+)](i). The rapid decrease, the recovery rate and the final [Ca(2+)](i) were all affected dose-dependently by 25(OH)D(3), with EC(50) values of 8.5, 17.0 and 18.9nM respectively. Furthermore, the effects of 25(OH)D(3) were sensitive to sodium (Na(+)), bepridil (10microM) and nifedipine (5 microM), suggesting that 25(OH)D(3) regulates the activity of both basolateral membrane-associated Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers and brush border membrane-associated L-type Ca(2+) channels. Administration of 25(OH)D(3) (10nM) to enterocytes in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+) increased [Ca(2+)](i) by approximately 18%, indicating a release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) also affected enterocyte [Ca(2+)](i) in a biphasic manner: the rapid decrease, the recovery rate, and the mean final [Ca(2+)](i) were all affected dose-dependently, with EC(50) values of 8.3, 24.5 and 7.7nM respectively. The high EC(50) values for 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) compared with circulating concentrations of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) (130pM) suggest that this effect is pharmacological, rather than of physiological relevance in enterocyte Ca(2+) homeostasis of the Atlantic cod. It is concluded that 24R,25(OH)(2)D(3) has a physiological role in decreasing intestinal Ca(2+) uptake via inactivation of L-type Ca(2+) channels, whereas the physiological role of 25(OH)D(3) is to increase enterocyte Ca(2+) transport via activation of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers, concurrent with activation of L-type Ca(2+) channels.
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| 26. |
- Larsson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Children developing type 1 diabetes before 6 years of age have increased linear growth independent of HLA genotypes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 51:9, s. 1623-1630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis High birthweight and increased childhood growth are risk factors for type 1 diabetes. Relative birthweight is associated with HLA genotypes that confer a high risk of diabetes. Our aims were to test whether young children prior to clinical onset of type 1 diabetes have increased: (1) birthweight or birth length standard deviation scores (SDS), (2) height development SDS, or (3) BMI SDS during first 18 months of life and whether these parameters are related to HLA genotypes or mid-parental height (MPH). Methods Birthweight, birth length, weight and height were obtained from 58 type 1 diabetes children and 155 controls matched for HLA or not in the Diabetes Prediction in Skane study. Results Birth length SDS corrected for MPH was increased in children developing diabetes compared with all (p < , 0.048) and with non-HLA- (p < , 0.050) but not with HLA-matched controls. Children developing diabetes had increased height gain at 0 to 18 months of age (p < ; 0.005). Diabetic children were significantly taller from 6 to 18 months of age when correcting for MPH compared with non-HLA-matched as well as HLA-matched controls, but BMI was not increased. Conclusions/interpretation Birth length SDS was associated with diabetes risk HLA. When corrected for MPH, children developing diabetes were taller at birth than non-HLA- but not taller than HLA-matched controls. Diabetic children had increased MPH-corrected height up to 18 months of age compared with both HLA- and non-HLA-matched controls. High-risk HLA affects prenatal growth, but other factors may explain the increased postnatal linear growth in children developing diabetes.
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| 27. |
- Larsson, Tom, et al.
(författare)
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Studies of transport and collection characteristics of gaseous mercury in natural gases using amalgamation and isotope dilution analysis
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Analyst. - : RSC Publishing. - 0003-2654 .- 1364-5528. ; 132:6, s. 579-586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transport and collection characteristics were studied for gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0(g)) in natural gases using newly developed methodology based on amalgamation, isotope dilution with permeation tubes and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The study involved different Au–Pt collection tube designs, tubing materials and gaseous matrices, including air, natural and sales gas, as well as methane and sales gas to which hydrogen sulfide (H2S) had been added. The Hg0(g) capacity of the Au–Pt tubes was determined to 3.5 ± 0.1 µg. Blanks and detection limits of gaseous mercury (Hg(g)) were 58 ± 17 pg m–3 and 50 pg m–3, respectively, for a 60 L sample volume. For the gases tested, added Hg0(g) tracers could be collected with 90% or higher efficiency at flow rates and volumes of up to 10 L min–1 and 100 L, respectively. The collection efficiency was found to be independent of the type of gas tested, even in the presence of H2S. However, for the gases containing H2S, the apparent transport efficiency of added Hg0(g) tracers through stainless steel tubing varied from 50 to 150% upon changing the temperature from 25 to 100 °C. The interaction of stainless steel with Hg0(g) leading to either a sink, or source of Hg, was not observed in the absence of H2S, nor was it observed for PTFE tubing in the presence of H2S. These observations raise questions about the applicability of currently used sampling procedures for determination of Hg(g) in H2S rich natural gases, including the 6978-2 ISO standard method, in which stainless steel is a prescribed material for tubing and valves of the sampling apparatus.
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| 28. |
- Ludvigsson, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
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GAD65 antigen therapy in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus
- 2012
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 366:5, s. 433-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The 65-kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that alum-formulated GAD65 (GAD-alum) can preserve beta-cell function in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes.METHODS: We studied 334 patients, 10 to 20 years of age, with type 1 diabetes, fasting C-peptide levels of more than 0.3 ng per milliliter (0.1 nmol per liter), and detectable serum GAD65 autoantibodies. Within 3 months after diagnosis, patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three study treatments: four doses of GAD-alum, two doses of GAD-alum followed by two doses of placebo, or four doses of placebo. The primary outcome was the change in the stimulated serum C-peptide level (after a mixed-meal tolerance test) between the baseline visit and the 15-month visit. Secondary outcomes included the glycated hemoglobin level, mean daily insulin dose, rate of hypoglycemia, and fasting and maximum stimulated C-peptide levels.RESULTS: The stimulated C-peptide level declined to a similar degree in all study groups, and the primary outcome at 15 months did not differ significantly between the combined active-drug groups and the placebo group (P=0.10). The use of GAD-alum as compared with placebo did not affect the insulin dose, glycated hemoglobin level, or hypoglycemia rate. Adverse events were infrequent and mild in the three groups, with no significant differences.CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with GAD-alum did not significantly reduce the loss of stimulated C peptide or improve clinical outcomes over a 15-month period.
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| 29. |
- Lundgren, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced morbidity at diagnosis and improved glycemic control in children previously enrolled in DiPiS follow-up
- 2014
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X. ; 15:7, s. 494-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis: Children participating in longitudinal type 1 diabetes prediction studies were reported to have less severe disease at diabetes diagnosis. Our aim was to investigate children who from birth participated in the Diabetes Prediction in Skane (DiPiS) study for metabolic status at diagnosis and then continued to be followed for 2 yr of regular clinical care. Methods: Children, followed in DiPiS before diagnosis, were compared to children in the same birth cohort, who did not participate in follow-up. Metabolic status, symptoms at diagnosis as well as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and doses of insulin at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after diagnosis were compared. Results: Children, followed in DiPiS and diagnosed at 2-12 yr of age, had 0.8% (9 mmol/mol) lower HbA1c at diagnosis than those who were not followed (p=0.006). At diagnosis, fewer DiPiS children had symptoms (p=0.014) and ketoacidosis at diagnosis were reduced (2% compared to 18%, p=0.005). During regular clinical care, HbA1c levels for the DiPiS children remained lower both at 12 (0.4% (4 mmol/mol); p=0.009) and 24 months (0.8% (9 mmol/mol) p < 0.001) after diagnosis, despite no difference in total daily insulin between the two groups. Conclusions: Participation in prospective follow-up before diagnosis of type 1 diabetes leads to earlier diagnosis with fewer symptoms, decreased incidence of ketoacidosis as well as better metabolic control up to 2 yr after diagnosis. Our data indicate that metabolic control at the time of diabetes diagnosis is important for early metabolic control possibly affecting the risk of long-term complications.
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| 30. |
- Lärstad, Mona, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Surfactant Protein A in Exhaled Endogenous Particles Is Decreased in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients: A Pilot Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Exhaled, endogenous particles are formed from the epithelial lining fluid in small airways, where surfactant protein A (SP-A) plays an important role in pulmonary host defense. Based on the knowledge that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) starts in the small airway epithelium, we hypothesized that chronic inflammation modulates peripheral exhaled particle SP-A and albumin levels. The main objective of this explorative study was to compare the SP-A and albumin contents in exhaled particles from patients with COPD and healthy subjects and to determine exhaled particle number concentrations. Patients with stable COPD ranging from moderate to very severe (n = 13), and healthy nonsmoking subjects (n = 12) were studied. Subjects performed repeated breath maneuvers allowing for airway closure and re-opening, and exhaled particles were optically counted and collected on a membrane using the novel PExA1 instrument setup. Immunoassays were used to quantify SP-A and albumin. COPD patients exhibited significantly lower SP-A mass content of the exhaled particles (2.7 vs. 3.9 weight percent, p = 0.036) and lower particle number concentration (p<0.0001) than healthy subjects. Albumin mass contents were similar for both groups. Decreased levels of SP-A may lead to impaired host defense functions of surfactant in the airways, contributing to increased susceptibility to COPD exacerbations. SP-A in exhaled particles from small airways may represent a promising non-invasive biomarker of disease in COPD patients.
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| 31. |
- Marklund, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Extensive inflammatory cell infiltration in human skeletal muscle in response to an ultra-endurance exercise bout in experienced athletes.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 114:1, s. 66-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of a 24h ultra-endurance exercise bout on systemic and local muscle inflammatory reactions was investigated in nine experienced athletes. Blood and muscle biopsies were collected before (PRE), immediately after the exercise (POST) and after 28h of recovery (POST28). Circulating blood levels of leukocytes, CK, CRP and selected inflammatory cytokines were assessed together with the evaluation of the occurrence of inflammatory cells (CD3(+), CD8(+), CD68(+)) and the expression of major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC class-I) in skeletal muscle. An extensive inflammatory cell infiltration occurred in all athletes and the number of CD3(+), CD8(+) and CD 68(+) cells were 2-3 fold higher at POST28 compared to PRE (P<0.05). The inflammatory cell infiltration was associated with a significant increase in the expression of MHC class-I in muscle fibers. There was a significant increase in blood leukocyte count, IL-6, IL-8, CRP and CK at POST. At POST28 total leukocytes, IL-6 and CK had declined, whereas IL-8 and CRP continued to increase. Increases in IL-1β and TNF-α were not significant. There were no significant associations between the magnitude of the systemic and local muscle inflammatory reactions. Signs of muscle degenerative and regenerative events were observed in all athletes with various degrees of severity and were not affected by the ultra-endurance exercise bout. In conclusion, a low-intensity but very prolonged single endurance exercise bout can generate a strong inflammatory cell infiltration in skeletal muscle of well-trained experienced ultra-endurance athletes, and the amplitude of the local reaction is not proportional to the systemic inflammatory response.
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| 32. |
- Mold, Jeff E., et al.
(författare)
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Divergent clonal differentiation trajectories establish CD8(+) memory T cell heterogeneity during acute viral infections in humans
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 35:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CD8(+) T cell response to an antigen is composed of many T cell clones with unique T cell receptors, together forming a heterogeneous repertoire of effector and memory cells. How individual T cell clones contribute to this heterogeneity throughout immune responses remains largely unknown. In this study, we longitudinally track human CD8(+) T cell clones expanding in response to yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccination at the single-cell level. We observed a drop in clonal diversity in blood from the acute to memory phase, suggesting that clonal selection shapes the circulating memory repertoire. Clones in the memory phase display biased differentiation trajectories along a gradient from stem cell to terminally differentiated effector memory fates. In secondary responses, YFV- and influenza-specific CD8(+) T cell clones are poised to recapitulate skewed differentiation trajectories. Collectively, we show that the sum of distinct clonal phenotypes results in the multifaceted human T cell response to acute viral infections.
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| 33. |
- Morén, Björn, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Technical note: evaluation of a spatial optimization model for prostate high dose‐rate brachytherapy in a clinical treatment planning system
- 2023
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Ingår i: Medical physics (Lancaster). - : WILEY. - 0094-2405 .- 2473-4209. ; 50:2, s. 688-693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSpatial properties of a dose distribution, such as volumes of contiguous hot spots, are of clinical importance in treatment planning for high dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR BT). We have in an earlier study developed an optimization model that reduces the prevalence of contiguous hot spots by modifying a tentative treatment plan. PurposeThe aim of this study is to incorporate the correction of hot spots in a standard inverse planning workflow and to validate the integrated model in a clinical treatment planning system. The spatial function is included in the objective function for the inverse planning, as opposed to in the previous study where it was applied as a separate post-processing step. Our aim is to demonstrate that fine-adjustments of dose distributions, which are often performed manually in todays clinical practice, can be automated. MethodsA spatial optimization function was introduced in the treatment planning system RayStation (RaySearch Laboratories AB, Stockholm, Sweden) via a research interface. A series of 10 consecutive prostate patients treated with HDR BT was retrospectively replanned with and without the spatial function. ResultsOptimization with the spatial function decreased the volume of the largest contiguous hot spot by on average 31%, compared to if the function was not included. The volume receiving at least 200% of the prescription dose decreased by on average 11%. Target coverage, measured as the fractions of the clinical target volume (CTV) and the planning target volume (PTV) receiving at least the prescription dose, was virtually unchanged (less than a percent change for both metrics). Organs-at-risk received comparable or slightly decreased doses if the spatial function was included in the optimization model. ConclusionsOptimization of spatial properties such as the volume of contiguous hot spots can be integrated in a standard inverse planning workflow for brachytherapy, and need not be conducted as a separate post-processing step.
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| 34. |
- Mowlér, Marc, et al.
(författare)
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Joint estimation of mutual coupling, element factor, and phase center in antenna arrays
- 2007
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Ingår i: EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1687-1472 .- 1687-1499. ; 2007:1, s. 030684-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel method is proposed for estimation of the mutual coupling matrix of an antenna array. The method extends previous work by incorporating an unknown phase center and the element factor (antenna radiation pattern) in the model, and treating them as nuisance parameters during the estimation of coupling. To facilitate this, a parametrization of the element factor based on a truncated Fourier series is proposed. The performance of the proposed estimator is illustrated and compared to other methods using data from simulations and measurements, respectively. The Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for the estimation problem is derived and used to analyze how the required amount of measurement data increases when introducing additional degrees of freedom in the element factor model. We find that the penalty in SNR is 2.5 dB when introducing a model with two degrees of freedom relative to having zero degrees of freedom. Finally, the tradeoff between the number of degrees of freedom and the accuracy of the estimate is studied. A linear array is treated in more detail and the analysis provides a specific design tradeoff.
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| 35. |
- Mowlér, Marc, et al.
(författare)
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Methods and bounds for antenna array coupling matrix estimation
- 2007
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Ingår i: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. - : IEEE. - 1424407273 - 1424407281 ; , s. 881-884
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel method is proposed for estimation of the mutual coupling matrix of an antenna array. The method extends previous work by incorporating an unknown phase center and the element factor (antenna radiation pattern) in the model, and treating these as nuisance parameters during the estimation of coupling. To facilitate this, a parametrization of the element factor based on a truncated Fourier series is proposed. The Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for the estimation problem is derived and used to analyze how the required amount of measurement data increases when introducing a more and more flexible model for the element factor. Finally, the performance of the proposed estimator is illustrated using data from measurements on an 8-element antenna array.
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| 36. |
- Nilsson, R. Henrik, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Improving ITS sequence data for identification of plant pathogenic fungi
- 2014
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Ingår i: Fungal Diversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 67:1, s. 11-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant pathogenic fungi are a large and diverse assemblage of eukaryotes with substantial impacts on natural ecosystems and human endeavours. These taxa often have complex and poorly understood life cycles, lack observable, discriminatory morphological characters, and may not be amenable to in vitro culturing. As a result, species identification is frequently difficult. Molecular (DNA sequence) data have emerged as crucial information for the taxonomic identification of plant pathogenic fungi, with the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region being the most popular marker. However, international nucleotide sequence databases are accumulating numerous sequences of compromised or low-resolution taxonomic annotations and substandard technical quality, making their use in the molecular identification of plant pathogenic fungi problematic. Here we report on a concerted effort to identify high-quality reference sequences for various plant pathogenic fungi and to re-annotate incorrectly or insufficiently annotated public ITS sequences from these fungal lineages. A third objective was to enrich the sequences with geographical and ecological metadata. The results – a total of 31,954 changes – are incorporated in and made available through the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi (http://unite.ut.ee), including standalone FASTA files of sequence data for local BLAST searches, use in the next-generation sequencing analysis platforms QIIME and mothur, and related applications. The present initiative is just a beginning to cover the wide spectrum of plant pathogenic fungi, and we invite all researchers with pertinent expertise to join the annotation effort.
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| 37. |
- Palstam, Annie, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived exertion at work in women with fibromyalgia: Explanatory factors and comparison with healthy women
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 46, s. 773-780
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate perceived exertion at work in women with fibromyalgia. Design: A controlled cross-sectional multi-centre study. Subjects and methods: Seventy-three women with fibromyalgia and 73 healthy women matched by occupation and physical workload were compared in terms of perceived exertion at work (0–14), muscle strength, 6-min walk test, symptoms rated by Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), work status (25–100%), fear avoidance work beliefs (0–42), physical activity at work (7–21) and physical workload (1–5). Spearman’s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis were conducted. Results: Perceived exertion at work was significantly higher in the fibromyalgia group than in the reference group (p = 0.002), while physical activity at work did not differ between the groups. Physical capacity was lower and symptom severity higher in fibromyalgia compared with references (p < 0.05). In fibromyalgia, perceived exertion at work showed moderate correlation with physical activity at work, physical workload and fear avoidance work beliefs (rs = 0.53– 0.65, p < 0.001) and a fair correlation with anxiety (rs = 0.26, p = 0.027). Regression analysis indicated that the physical activity at work and fear avoidance work beliefs explained 50% of the perceived exertion at work. Conclusion: Women with fibromyalgia perceive an elevated exertion at work, which is associated with physical workrelated factors and factors related to fear and anxiety.
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| 38. |
- Sayols-Baixeras, Sergi, et al.
(författare)
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Streptococcus Species Abundance in the Gut Is Linked to Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in 8973 Participants From the SCAPIS Cohort
- 2023
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 148:6, s. 459-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Gut microbiota have been implicated in atherosclerotic disease, but their relation with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis is unclear. This study aimed to identify associations between the gut microbiome and computed tomography-based measures of coronary atherosclerosis and to explore relevant clinical correlates.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 8973 participants (50 to 65 years of age) without overt atherosclerotic disease from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). Coronary atherosclerosis was measured using coronary artery calcium score and coronary computed tomography angiography. Gut microbiota species abundance and functional potential were assessed with shotgun metagenomics sequencing of stool, and associations with coronary atherosclerosis were evaluated with multivariable regression models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. Associated species were evaluated for association with inflammatory markers, metabolites, and corresponding species in saliva.Results: The mean age of the study sample was 57.4 years, and 53.7% were female. Coronary artery calcification was detected in 40.3%, and 5.4% had at least 1 stenosis with >50% occlusion. Sixty-four species were associated with coronary artery calcium score independent of cardiovascular risk factors, with the strongest associations observed for Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus oralis subsp oralis (P<1×10-5). Associations were largely similar across coronary computed tomography angiography-based measurements. Out of the 64 species, 19 species, including streptococci and other species commonly found in the oral cavity, were associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein plasma concentrations, and 16 with neutrophil counts. Gut microbial species that are commonly found in the oral cavity were negatively associated with plasma indole propionate and positively associated with plasma secondary bile acids and imidazole propionate. Five species, including 3 streptococci, correlated with the same species in saliva and were associated with worse dental health in the Malmö Offspring Dental Study. Microbial functional potential of dissimilatory nitrate reduction, anaerobic fatty acid β-oxidation, and amino acid degradation were associated with coronary artery calcium score.Conclusions: This study provides evidence of an association of a gut microbiota composition characterized by increased abundance of Streptococcus spp and other species commonly found in the oral cavity with coronary atherosclerosis and systemic inflammation markers. Further longitudinal and experimental studies are warranted to explore the potential implications of a bacterial component in atherogenesis.
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| 39. |
- Sayols-Baixeras, Sergi, et al.
(författare)
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Streptococcus Species Abundance in the Gut Is Linked to Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in 8973 Participants From the SCAPIS Cohort
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Circulation. - : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 148:6, s. 459-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota have been implicated in atherosclerotic disease, but their relation with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis is unclear. This study aimed to identify associations between the gut microbiome and computed tomography–based measures of coronary atherosclerosis and to explore relevant clinical correlates.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 8973 participants (50 to 65 years of age) without overt atherosclerotic disease from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). Coronary atherosclerosis was measured using coronary artery calcium score and coronary computed tomography angiography. Gut microbiota species abundance and functional potential were assessed with shotgun metagenomics sequencing of fecal samples, and associations with coronary atherosclerosis were evaluated with multivariable regression models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. Associated species were evaluated for association with inflammatory markers, metabolites, and corresponding species in saliva.RESULTS: The mean age of the study sample was 57.4 years, and 53.7% were female. Coronary artery calcification was detected in 40.3%, and 5.4% had at least 1 stenosis with >50% occlusion. Sixty-four species were associated with coronary artery calcium score independent of cardiovascular risk factors, with the strongest associations observed for Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus oralis subsp oralis (P<1×10–5). Associations were largely similar across coronary computed tomography angiography–based measurements. Out of the 64 species, 19 species, including streptococci and other species commonly found in the oral cavity, were associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein plasma concentrations, and 16 with neutrophil counts. Gut microbial species that are commonly found in the oral cavity were negatively associated with plasma indole propionate and positively associated with plasma secondary bile acids and imidazole propionate. Five species, including 3 streptococci, correlated with the same species in saliva and were associated with worse dental health in the Malmö Offspring Dental Study. Microbial functional potential of dissimilatory nitrate reduction, anaerobic fatty acid β-oxidation, and amino acid degradation were associated with coronary artery calcium score.CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of an association of a gut microbiota composition characterized by increased abundance of Streptococcus spp and other species commonly found in the oral cavity with coronary atherosclerosis and systemic inflammation markers. Further longitudinal and experimental studies are warranted to explore the potential implications of a bacterial component in atherogenesis.
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| 40. |
- Sjörs, Anna, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Salivary cortisol response to acute stress and its relation to psychological factors in women with chronic trapezius myalgia-A pilot study
- 2010
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3360 .- 0306-4530. ; 35:5, s. 674-685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated differences in HPA axis function, measured as salivary cortisol concentrations, between 18 women with chronic trapezius myalgia (MYA) and 30 healthy female controls (CON). In addition, the interactions between HPA axis reactions to psychosocial stress and aspects of pain, health and psychological symptoms were analyzed. Salivary cortisol was measured both in daily life, to assess the circadian profile, and in the laboratory during light repetitive work and standardized psychosocial stress (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST). MYA and CON exhibited similar circadian rhythms and comparable salivary cortisol response magnitudes after TSST. In subjects defined as responders to the TSST, the mean peak time point of the cortisol response after TSST differed significantly between MYA and CON. Furthermore, negative psychological states and higher pain intensity were related to a slower HPA axis response to TSST. Low circadian variations in cortisol and smaller cortisol responses to TSST were found among subjects scoring high on anxiety sensitivity. Thus, a relatively favorable sample of female chronic trapezius myalgia patients exhibited normal circadian rhythm and normal salivary cortisol response magnitudes after a psychosocial stress test. In the subgroup of responders, the MYA group showed indications of a slower salivary cortisol response to psychosocial stress. Further studies are needed to elucidate the possibility of altered HPA axis activity in terms of a slower salivary cortisol response. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 41. |
- Sundelöf, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2021 : Resursöversikt
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapporten kan du ta del av bedömningen som görs av situationen för bestånd som regleras inom ramen för EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik (GFP). Bedömningarna baseras på det forskningssamarbete och den rådgivning som sker inom det Internationella Havsforskningsrådet (ICES). Sammantaget redovisas tillståndet för 107 bestånd av 48 fisk- och skaldjursarter.De bestånd som förvaltas nationellt baseras på de biologiska underlagen, och rådgivningen i huvudsak på den forskning och övervakning samt analys som bedrivs av Institutionen för akvatiska resurser vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU Aqua) samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.Rapporten är en beställning från Havs- och vattenmyndigheten (HaV) till Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) och utgör ett viktigt kunskapsunderlag till myndighetens arbete. Den uppfyller de krav som finns inom EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik om att basera förvaltningen på bästa tillgängliga vetenskap. Denna rapport är också ett stöd till det arbete som beskrivs närmare i strategin för framtidens fiske och tillhörande handlingsplaner för vattenbruk, yrkes- och fritidsfiske som HaV och Jordbruksverket har tagit fram i dialog med fiskets och vattenbrukets intressenter.
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| 42. |
- Wester, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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An Increased Diagnostic Sensitivity of Truncated GAD65 Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes May Be Related to HLA-DQ8
- 2017
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 66:3, s. 735-740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- N-terminally truncated (96-585) GAD65 (tGAD65) autoantibodies may better delineate type 1 diabetes than full-length GAD65 (fGAD65) autoantibodies. We aimed to compare the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity between fGAD65 and tGAD65 autoantibodies for type 1 diabetes in relation to HLA-DQ. Sera from children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (n = 654) and healthy control subjects (n = 605) were analyzed in radiobinding assays for fGAD65 (fGADA), tGAD65 (tGADA), and commercial (125)I-GAD65 (RSRGADA) autoantibodies. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in the receiver operating characteristic curve did not differ between fGADA and tGADA. At the optimal cutoff, the diagnostic sensitivity for fGADA was lower than tGADA at similar diagnostic specificities. In 619 patients, 64% were positive for RSRGADA compared with 68% for fGADA and 74% for tGADA. Using non-DQ2/non-DQ8 patients as reference, the risk of being diagnosed with fGADA and tGADA was increased in patients with DQ2/2 and DQ2/8. Notably, logistic regression analysis suggested that DQ8/8 patients had an increased risk to be diagnosed with tGADA (P = 0.003) compared with fGADA (P = 0.09). tGADA had a higher diagnostic sensitivity for type 1 diabetes than both fGADA and RSRGADA. As DQ8/8 patients represent 10-11% of patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes <18 years of age, tGADA analysis should prove useful for disease classification.
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| 43. |
- Abarenkov, Kessy, et al.
(författare)
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The UNITE database for molecular identification and taxonomic communication of fungi and other eukaryotes: sequences, taxa and classifications reconsidered
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 52:D1, s. D791-D797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- UNITE (https://unite.ut.ee) is a web-based database and sequence management environment for molecular identification of eukaryotes. It targets the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and offers nearly 10 million such sequences for reference. These are clustered into similar to 2.4M species hypotheses (SHs), each assigned a unique digital object identifier (DOI) to promote unambiguous referencing across studies. UNITE users have contributed over 600 000 third-party sequence annotations, which are shared with a range of databases and other community resources. Recent improvements facilitate the detection of cross-kingdom biological associations and the integration of undescribed groups of organisms into everyday biological pursuits. Serving as a digital twin for eukaryotic biodiversity and communities worldwide, the latest release of UNITE offers improved avenues for biodiversity discovery, precise taxonomic communication and integration of biological knowledge across platforms. Graphical Abstract
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| 44. |
- Abrahamsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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A new strategy for the improvement of photophysical properties in ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes. Synthesis and photophysical and electrochemical characterization of six mononuclear ruthenium(II) bisterpyridine-type complexes
- 2005
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 44:9, s. 3215-3225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis and characterization of six ruthenium(II) bistridentate polypyridyl complexes is described. These were designed on the basis of a new approach to increase the excited-state lifetime of ruthenium(II) bisterpyridine-type complexes. By the use of a bipyridylpyridyl methane ligand in place of terpyridine, the coordination environment of the metal ion becomes nearly octahedral and the rate of deactivation via ligand-field (i.e., metal-centered) states was reduced as shown by temperature-dependent emission lifetime studies. Still, the possibility to make quasi-linear donor-ruthenium-acceptor triads is maintained in the complexes. The most promising complex shows an excited-state lifet me of tau = 15 ns in alcohol solutions at room temperature, which should be compared to a lifetime of tau = 0.25 ns for [Ru(tpy)(2)](2+). The X-ray structure of the new complex indeed shows a more octahedral geometry than that of [Ru(tpy)(2)](2+). Most importantly, the high excited-state energy was retained, and thus, so was the potential high reactivity of the excited complex, which has not been the case with previously published strategies based on bistridentate complexes.
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| 45. |
- Ahlgren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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A Search for Lensed Gamma-Ray Bursts in 11 yr of Observations by Fermi GBM
- 2020
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 897:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Macrolensing of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is expected to manifest as a GRB recurring with the same light curve and spectrum as a previous one, but with a different flux and a slightly offset position. Identifying such lensed GRBs may give important information about the lenses, the cosmology, and the GRBs themselves. Here we present a search for lensed GRBs among similar to 2700 GRBs observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor during 11 yr of operations. To identify lensed GRBs, we perform initial cuts on position, time-averaged spectral properties, and relative duration. We then use the cross-correlation function to assess the similarity of light curves, and finally we analyze the time-resolved spectra of the most promising candidates. We find no convincing lens candidates. The most similar pairs are single-pulsed GRBs with relatively few time bins for the spectral analysis. This is best explained by similarities within the GRB population rather than lensing. However, the null result does not rule out the presence of macrolensed GRBs in the sample. In particular, we find that observational uncertainties and Poisson fluctuations can lead to significant differences within a pair of lensed GRBs.
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| 46. |
- Ahlgren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Confronting GRB prompt emission with a model for subphotospheric dissipation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. - : Oxford University Press. - 1745-3925 .- 1745-3933. ; 454:1, s. L31-L35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The origin of the prompt emission in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is still an unsolved problem and several different mechanisms have been suggested. Here, we fit Fermi GRB data with a photospheric emission model which includes dissipation of the jet kinetic energy below the photosphere. The resulting spectra are dominated by Comptonization and contain no significant contribution from synchrotron radiation. In order to fit to the data, we span a physically motivated part of the model's parameter space and create DREAM (Dissipation with Radiative Emission as A table Model), a table model for XSPEC. We show that this model can describe different kinds of GRB spectra, including GRB 090618, representing a typical Band function spectrum, and GRB 100724B, illustrating a double peaked spectrum, previously fitted with a Band+blackbody model, suggesting they originate from a similar scenario. We suggest that the main difference between these two types of bursts is the optical depth at the dissipation site.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Ahlgren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating Subphotospheric Dissipation in Gamma-Ray Bursts Using Joint Fermi-Swift Observations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 880:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The jet photosphere has been proposed as the origin for the gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission. In many such models, characteristic features in the spectra appear below the energy range of the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) detectors, so joint fits with X-ray data are important in order to assess the photospheric scenario. Here we consider a particular photospheric model which assumes localized subphotospheric dissipation by internal shocks in a non-magnetized outflow. We investigate it using Bayesian inference and a sample of eight GRBs with known redshifts which are observed simultaneously with Fermi GBM and the Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT). This provides us with an energy range of 0.3. keV-40. MeV and much tighter parameter constraints. We analyze 32 spectra and find that 16 are well described by the model. We also find that the estimates of the bulk Lorentz factor, Gamma, and the fireball luminosity, L-0,L-52, decrease while the fraction of dissipated energy, epsilon(d), increases in the joint fits compared to GBM-only fits. These changes are caused by a small excess of counts in the XRT data, relative to the model predictions from fits to GBM-only data. The fact that our limited implementation of the physical scenario yields 50% accepted spectra is promising, and we discuss possible model revisions in the light of the new data. Specifically, we argue that the inclusion of significant magnetization, as well as removing the assumption of internal shocks, will provide better fits at low energies.
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| 50. |
- Ahlgren, Björn, 1990-
(författare)
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Subphotospheric dissipation in gamma-ray bursts observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the brightest events in the Universe, for a short time outshining the rest of the Universe combined, as they explode with isotropic equivalent luminosities up to $10^{54}$ erg s$^{-1}$. These events are believed to be connected to supernovae and to binary compact object mergers, such as binary neutron stars or neutron star -- black hole systems. The origin of the so-called prompt emission in GRBs remains an unsolved problem, although some progress is being made. Spectral analysis of prompt emission has traditionally been performed with the Band function, an empirical model with no physical interpretation, and it is just recently that physical models have started to be fitted to data. This thesis presents spectral analysis of GRB data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope using a physical model for subphotospheric dissipation. The model is developed using a numerical code and implemented as a table model in {\scriptsize XSPEC}. Paper \rom{1} presents the model and provides a proof-of-concept of fitting GRB data with such a model. Specifically, two GRBs are fitted and compared with the corresponding Band function fits. In paper \rom{2}, a sample of 37 bursts are fitted with an extended version of the model and improved analysis tools. Overall, about a third of the fitted spectra can be described by the model. From these fits it is concluded that the scenario of subphotospheric dissipation can describe all spectral shapes present in the sample. The key characteristic of the spectra that are not fitted by the model is that they are very luminous. Within the context of the model, this suggests that the assumption of internal shocks as a dissipation mechanism cannot explain the full population of GRBs. Alternatively, additional emission components may required. The thesis concludes that subphotospheric dissipation is viable as a possible origin of GRB prompt emission. Furthermore, it shows the importance of using physically motivated models when analysing GRBs.
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