| 1. |
- Andersson, C, et al.
(author)
-
The three ZNT8 autoantibody variants together improve the diagnostic sensitivity of childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes
- 2011
-
In: Autoimmunity. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0891-6934 .- 1607-842X. ; 44:5, s. 394-405
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: We tested whether autoantibodies to all three ZnT8RWQ variants, GAD65, insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2), insulin and autoantibodies to islet cell cytoplasm (ICA) in combination with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) would improve the diagnostic sensitivity of childhood type 1 diabetes by detecting the children who otherwise would have been autoantibody-negative.Methods: A total of 686 patients diagnosed in 1996–2005 in Skåne were analyzed for all the seven autoantibodies [arginin 325 zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8RA), tryptophan 325 zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8WA), glutamine 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8QA), autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), Autoantibodies to islet-antigen-2 (IA-2A), insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and ICA] in addition to HLA-DQ genotypes.Results: Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody to either one or all three amino acid variants at position 325 (ZnT8RWQA) was found in 65% (449/686) of the patients. The frequency was independent of age at diagnosis. The ZnT8RWQA reduced the frequency of autoantibody-negative patients from 7.5 to 5.4%—a reduction by 28%. Only 2 of 108 (2%) patients who are below 5 years of age had no autoantibody at diagnosis. Diagnosis without any islet autoantibody increased with increasing age at onset. DQA1-B1*X-0604 was associated with both ZnT8RA (p = 0.002) and ZnT8WA (p = 0.01) but not with ZnT8QA (p = 0.07). Kappa agreement analysis showed moderate (>0.40) to fair (>0.20) agreement between pairs of autoantibodies for all combinations of GADA, IA-2A, ZnT8RWQA and ICA but only slight ( < 0.19) agreement for any combination with IAA.Conclusions: This study revealed that (1) the ZnT8RWQA was common, independent of age; (2) multiple autoantibodies were common among the young; (3) DQA1-B1*X-0604 increased the risk for ZnT8RA and ZnT8WA; (4) agreement between autoantibody pairs was common for all combinations except IAA. These results suggest that ZnT8RWQA is a necessary complement to the classification and prediction of childhood type 1 diabetes as well as to randomize the subjects in the prevention and intervention of clinical trials.
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| 2. |
- Kanatsuna, N, et al.
(author)
-
Doubly reactive INS-IGF2 autoantibodies in children with newly diagnosed autoimmune (type 1) diabetes
- 2015
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 82:4, s. 361-369
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The splice variant INS-IGF2 entails the preproinsulin signal peptide, the insulin B-chain, eight amino acids of the C-peptide and 138 unique amino acids from an ORF in the IGF2 gene. The aim of this study was to determine whether levels of specific INS-IGF2 autoantibodies (INS-IGF2A) were related to age at diagnosis, islet autoantibodies, HLA-DQ or both, in patients and controls with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Patients (n = 676), 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 1996-2005 and controls (n = 363) were analysed for specific INS-IGF2A after displacement with both cold insulin and INS-IGF2 to correct for non-specific binding and identify double reactive sera. GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ICA, ZnT8RA, ZnT8WA, ZnT8QA and HLA-DQ genotypes were also determined. The median level of specific INS-IGF2A was higher in patients than in controls (P < 0.001). Irrespective of age at diagnosis, 19% (126/676) of the patients had INS-IGF2A when the cut-off was the 95th percentile of the controls (P < 0.001). The risk of INS-IGF2A was increased among HLA-DQ2/8 (OR = 1.509; 95th CI 1.011, 2.252; P = 0.045) but not in 2/2, 2/X, 8/8, 8/X or X/X (X is neither 2 nor 8) patients. The association with HLA-DQ2/8 suggests that this autoantigen may be presented on HLA-DQ trans-heterodimers, rather than cis-heterodimers. Autoantibodies reactive with both insulin and INS-IGF2A at diagnosis support the notion that INS-IGF2 autoimmunity contributes to type 1 diabetes.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Anna-Lena, et al.
(author)
-
Relationship between Ljungan virus antibodies, HLA-DQ8, and insulin autoantibodies in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children
- 2013
-
In: Viral immunology. - : Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.. - 0882-8245 .- 1557-8976. ; 26:3, s. 207-215
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Environmental factors, including viral infections, may explain an increasing and fluctuating incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D). Ljungan virus (LV) isolated from bank voles have been implicated, but it is unclear whether LV contributes to islet autoimmunity, progression to clinical onset, or both, of T1D. The aim was to test whether LV antibodies (LVAb) were related to HLA-DQ and islet autoantibodies in newly diagnosed T1D patients (n = 676) and controls (n = 309). Patients, 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with T1D in 1996-2005 were analyzed for LVAb, HLA-DQ genotypes, and all seven known islet autoantibodies (GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ICA, ZnT8RA, ZnT8WA, and ZnT8QA). LVAb at 75th percentile, defined as cut off, was 90 (range 6-3936) U/mL and 4th quartile LVAb were found in 25% (170/676) of which 64% were < 10 (n = 108, p < 0.0001), and 27% were < 5 (n = 45; p < 0.0001) years old. The 4th quartile LVAb in children < 10 years of age correlated to HLA DQ2/8, 8/8, and 8/X (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, in the group with 4th quartile LVAb, 55% were IAA positive (p = 0.01) and correlation was found between 4th quartile LVAb and IAA in children < 10 years of age (p = 0.035). It is concluded that 1) LVAb were common among the young T1D patients and LVAb levels were higher in the younger age groups; 2) 4th quartile LVAb correlated with IAA; and 3) there was a correlation between 4th quartile LVAb and HLA-DQ8, particularly in the young patients. The presence of LVAb supports the notion that prior exposure to LV may be associated with T1D.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Agrell, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
-
Evidence of Latitudinal Fractionation of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners along the Baltic Sea Region
- 1999
-
In: Environmental Science & Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5851 .- 0013-936X. ; 33:8, s. 1149-1156
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Annual cycles of the atmospheric concentrations of PCBs were determined at 16 (mostly rural) stations around the Baltic Sea between 1990 and 1993. The concentration levels of individual congeners were found to be influenced by their physical-chemical properties, ambient temperature, and geographical location. Median levels of PCBs were similar at all stations except at one urban site near Riga. A latitudinal gradient with higher levels in the south was found for the sum of PCB as well as for individual congeners, and the gradient was more pronounced for the low volatility congeners. As a result, the high volatility congeners increased in relative importance with latitude. Generally, PCB concentrations increased with temperature, but slopes of the partial pressure in air versus reciprocal temperature were different between congeners and between stations. In general, the low volatility congeners were more temperature dependent than the high volatility PCB congeners. Steep slopes at a sampling location indicate that the concentration in air is largely determined by diffusive exchange with soils. Lack of a temperature dependence may be due to the influence of long-range transported air masses at remote sites and due to the episodic or random nature of PCB sources at urban sites.
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| 6. |
- Almstedt, Elin, 1988-, et al.
(author)
-
Integrative discovery of treatments for high-risk neuroblastoma
- 2020
-
In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 11:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite advances in the molecular exploration of paediatric cancers, approximately 50% of children with high-risk neuroblastoma lack effective treatment. To identify therapeutic options for this group of high-risk patients, we combine predictive data mining with experimental evaluation in patient-derived xenograft cells. Our proposed algorithm, TargetTranslator, integrates data from tumour biobanks, pharmacological databases, and cellular networks to predict how targeted interventions affect mRNA signatures associated with high patient risk or disease processes. We find more than 80 targets to be associated with neuroblastoma risk and differentiation signatures. Selected targets are evaluated in cell lines derived from high-risk patients to demonstrate reversal of risk signatures and malignant phenotypes. Using neuroblastoma xenograft models, we establish CNR2 and MAPK8 as promising candidates for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma. We expect that our method, available as a public tool (targettranslator.org), will enhance and expedite the discovery of risk-associated targets for paediatric and adult cancers.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Cecilia K, et al.
(author)
-
Glucose tolerance and beta-cell function in islet autoantibody-positive children recruited to a secondary prevention study.
- 2013
-
In: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 14:5, s. 341-349
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS: Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk and islet autoantibodies are recruited to a secondary prevention study. The aims were to determine metabolic control in relation to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic risk and islet autoantibodies in prepubertal children. METHODS: In 47 healthy children with GADA and at least one additional islet autoantibody, intravenous glucose tolerance test (IvGTT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed 8-65 d apart. Hemoglobin A1c, plasma glucose as well as serum insulin and C-peptide were determined at fasting and during IvGTT and OGTT. RESULTS: All children aged median 5.1 (4.0-9.2) yr had autoantibodies to two to six of the beta-cell antigens GAD65, insulin, IA-2, and the three amino acid position 325 variants of the ZnT8 transporter. In total, 20/47 children showed impaired glucose metabolism. Decreased (≤30 μU/mL insulin) first-phase insulin response (FPIR) was found in 14/20 children while 11/20 had impaired glucose tolerance in the OGTT. Five children had both impaired glucose tolerance and FPIR ≤30 μU/mL insulin. Number and levels of autoantibodies were not associated with glucose metabolism, except for an increased frequency (p = 0.03) and level (p = 0.01) of ZnT8QA in children with impaired glucose metabolism. Among the children with impaired glucose metabolism, 13/20 had HLA-DQ2/8, compared to 9/27 of the children with normal glucose metabolism (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Secondary prevention studies in children with islet autoantibodies are complicated by variability in baseline glucose metabolism. Evaluation of metabolic control with both IvGTT and OGTT is critical and should be taken into account before randomization. All currently available autoantibody tests should be analyzed, including ZnT8QA.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Cecilia K, et al.
(author)
-
The three ZNT8 autoantibody variants together improve the diagnostic sensitivity of childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes.
- 2011
-
In: Autoimmunity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-6934 .- 1607-842X. ; 44, s. 394-405
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: We tested whether autoantibodies to all three ZnT8RWQ variants, GAD65, insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2), insulin and autoantibodies to islet cell cytoplasm (ICA) in combination with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) would improve the diagnostic sensitivity of childhood type 1 diabetes by detecting the children who otherwise would have been autoantibody-negative. Methods: A total of 686 patients diagnosed in 1996-2005 in Skåne were analyzed for all the seven autoantibodies [arginin 325 zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8RA), tryptophan 325 zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8WA), glutamine 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8QA), autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), Autoantibodies to islet-antigen-2 (IA-2A), insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and ICA] in addition to HLA-DQ genotypes. Results: Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody to either one or all three amino acid variants at position 325 (ZnT8RWQA) was found in 65% (449/686) of the patients. The frequency was independent of age at diagnosis. The ZnT8RWQA reduced the frequency of autoantibody-negative patients from 7.5 to 5.4%-a reduction by 28%. Only 2 of 108 (2%) patients who are below 5 years of age had no autoantibody at diagnosis. Diagnosis without any islet autoantibody increased with increasing age at onset. DQA1-B1(*)X-0604 was associated with both ZnT8RA (p = 0.002) and ZnT8WA (p = 0.01) but not with ZnT8QA (p = 0.07). Kappa agreement analysis showed moderate (>0.40) to fair (>0.20) agreement between pairs of autoantibodies for all combinations of GADA, IA-2A, ZnT8RWQA and ICA but only slight ( < 0.19) agreement for any combination with IAA. Conclusions: This study revealed that (1) the ZnT8RWQA was common, independent of age; (2) multiple autoantibodies were common among the young; (3) DQA1-B1(*)X-0604 increased the risk for ZnT8RA and ZnT8WA; (4) agreement between autoantibody pairs was common for all combinations except IAA. These results suggest that ZnT8RWQA is a necessary complement to the classification and prediction of childhood type 1 diabetes as well as to randomize the subjects in the prevention and intervention of clinical trials.
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| 9. |
- Backe, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
-
Spatial and temporal variation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) in precipitation in southern Sweden.
- 2002
-
In: Science of the Total Environment. - 1879-1026. ; 285:1-3, s. 117-132
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Spatial and temporal variations in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were studied in precipitation at 11 sampling-sites over a period of 1 year and compared with PCB concentrations in the air. The study was carried out in a region of southern Sweden approximately 11 000 km2 in area. The PCB concentration in precipitation ranged between 1.18 and 81.4 ng l(-1). Two of the sampling sites showed concentrations that were approximately 30 times higher than at the rest of the sites. The variation in concentration between sites may be explained by location as well as by differences in weather conditions and particle content in the air. Wind direction played an important role for PCB concentration in precipitation in coastal areas, while at the inland sites this variable seemed to have a minor influence. We found no seasonal trends in PCB concentration in precipitation or any dependence on air temperature. To examine the intensity of precipitation scavenging, the total washout ratios (Wt) were calculated. There was a large variation in Wt over time, and the highest ratios were observed at the two sites where PCB concentration in the air was high. Furthermore, high concentrations of PCB in precipitation correlated with a high-chlorinated pattern, as shown by principal component analysis. For most of the sites there was a significantly negative relationship between PCB concentration and rain volume.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Borg, Jörgen, et al.
(author)
-
Perilipin is present in islets of Langerhans and protects against lipotoxicity when overexpressed in the beta-cell line INS-1.
- 2009
-
In: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0013-7227 .- 1945-7170. ; 150:7, s. 3049-3057
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lipids have been shown to play a dual role in pancreatic beta-cells - a lipid-derived signal appears to be necessary for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas lipid accumulation causes impaired insulin secretion and apoptosis. The ability of the protein perilipin to regulate lipolysis prompted an investigation of the presence of perilipin in the islets of Langerhans. In this study evidence is presented for perilipin expression in rat, mouse and human islets of Langerhans as well as in the rat clonal beta-cell line INS-1. In rat and mouse islets, perilipin was verified to be present in beta-cells. In order to examine if the development of lipotoxicity could be prevented by manipulating the conditions for lipid storage in the beta-cell, INS-1 cells with adenoviral-mediated overexpression of perilipin were exposed to lipotoxic conditions for 72 hours. In cells exposed to palmitate, perilipin overexpression caused increased accumulation of triacylglycerols and decreased lipolysis compared to control cells. Whereas glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was retained following palmitate exposure in cells overexpressing perilipin, it was completely abolished in control beta-cells. Thus, overexpression of perilipin appears to confer protection against the development of beta-cell dysfunction following prolonged exposure to palmitate by promoting lipid storage and limiting lipolysis.
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| 12. |
- Castell, Alina, et al.
(author)
-
MYCMI-7 : A Small MYC-Binding Compound that Inhibits MYC: MAX Interaction and Tumor Growth in a MYC-Dependent Manner
- 2022
-
In: Cancer Research Communications. - : American Association For Cancer Research (AACR). - 2767-9764. ; 2:3, s. 182-201
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Deregulated expression of MYC family oncogenes occurs frequently in human cancer and is often associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis. While MYC is a highly warranted target, it has been considered "undruggable," and no specific anti-MYC drugs are available in the clinic. We recently identified molecules named MYCMIs that inhibit the interaction between MYC and its essential partner MAX. Here we show that one of these molecules, MYCMI-7, efficiently and selectively inhibits MYC:MAX and MYCN:MAX interactions in cells, binds directly to recombinant MYC, and reduces MYC-driven transcription. In addition, MYCMI-7 induces degradation of MYC and MYCN proteins. MYCMI-7 potently induces growth arrest/apoptosis in tumor cells in a MYC/MYCN-dependent manner and downregulates the MYC pathway on a global level as determined by RNA sequencing. Sensitivity to MYCMI-7 correlates with MYC expression in a panel of 60 tumor cell lines and MYCMI-7 shows high efficacy toward a collection of patient-derived primary glioblastoma and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ex vivo cultures. Importantly, a variety of normal cells be- come G1 arrested without signs of apoptosis upon MYCMI-7 treatment. Finally, in mouse tumor models of MYC-driven AML, breast cancer, and MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, treatment with MYCMI-7 downregu- lates MYC/MYCN, inhibits tumor growth, and prolongs survival through apoptosis with few side effects. In conclusion, MYCMI-7 is a potent and selective MYC inhibitor that is highly relevant for the development into clinically useful drugs for the treatment of MYC-driven cancer.Significance: Our findings demonstrate that the small-molecule MYCMI-7 binds MYC and inhibits interaction between MYC and MAX, thereby ham- pering MYC-driven tumor cell growth in culture and in vivo while sparing normal cells.
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| 13. |
- Kanatsuna, Norio, et al.
(author)
-
Doubly reactive INS-IGF2 autoantibodies in children with newly diagnosed autoimmune (type 1) diabetes.
- 2015
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 1365-3083 .- 0300-9475. ; 82:4, s. 361-369
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The splice variant INS-IGF2 entails the preproinsulin signal peptide, the insulin B-chain, eight amino acids of the C-peptide and 138 unique amino acids from an ORF in the IGF2 gene. The aim was to determine whether levels of specific INS-IGF2 autoantibodies (INS-IGF2A) were related to age at diagnosis, islet autoantibodies, HLA-DQ, or both, in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients and controls. Patients (n=676), 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 1996-2005 and controls (n=363) were analyzed for specific INS-IGF2A after displacement with both cold insulin and INS-IGF2 to correct for non-specific binding and identify double reactive sera. GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ICA, ZnT8RA, ZnT8WA, and ZnT8QA, and HLA-DQ genotypes were also determined. The median level of specific INS-IGF2A was higher in patients than controls (p<0.001). Irrespective of age at diagnosis, 19 % (126/676) of the patients had INS-IGF2A when the cut-off was the 95th percentile of the controls (p<0.001). The risk of INS-IGF2A was increased among HLA-DQ2/8 (OR=1.509; 95th CI 1.011, 2.252; p=0.045) but not in 2/2, 2/X, 8/8, 8/X or X/X (X is neither 2 nor 8) patients. The association with HLA-DQ2/8 suggests that this autoantigen may be presented on HLA-DQ trans, rather than cis heterodimers. Autoantibodies reactive with both insulin and INS-IGF2A at diagnosis support the notion that INS-IGF2 autoimmunity contributes to type 1 diabetes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Nilsson, Anna-Lena, et al.
(author)
-
Relationship Between Ljungan Virus Antibodies, HLA-DQ8, and Insulin Autoantibodies in Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Children
- 2013
-
In: Viral Immunology. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 0882-8245 .- 1557-8976. ; 26:3, s. 207-215
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Environmental factors, including viral infections, may explain an increasing and fluctuating incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D). Ljungan virus (LV) isolated from bank voles have been implicated, but it is unclear whether LV contributes to islet autoimmunity, progression to clinical onset, or both, of T1D. The aim was to test whether LV antibodies (LVAb) were related to HLA-DQ and islet autoantibodies in newly diagnosed T1D patients (n = 676) and controls (n = 309). Patients, 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with T1D in 1996-2005 were analyzed for LVAb, HLA-DQ genotypes, and all seven known islet autoantibodies (GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ICA, ZnT8RA, ZnT8WA, and ZnT8QA). LVAb at 75th percentile, defined as cut off, was 90 (range 6-3936) U/mL and 4th quartile LVAb were found in 25% (170/676) of which 64% were < 10 (n = 108, p < 0.0001), and 27% were < 5 (n = 45; p < 0.0001) years old. The 4th quartile LVAb in children < 10 years of age correlated to HLA DQ2/8, 8/8, and 8/X (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, in the group with 4th quartile LVAb, 55% were IAA positive (p = 0.01) and correlation was found between 4th quartile LVAb and IAA in children < 10 years of age (p = 0.035). It is concluded that 1) LVAb were common among the young T1D patients and LVAb levels were higher in the younger age groups; 2) 4th quartile LVAb correlated with IAA; and 3) there was a correlation between 4th quartile LVAb and HLA-DQ8, particularly in the young patients. The presence of LVAb supports the notion that prior exposure to LV may be associated with T1D.
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| 18. |
- Nysæter, Toril Merete, et al.
(author)
-
Preferences for home care to enable home death among adult patients with cancer in late palliative phase - a grounded theory study
- 2022
-
In: BMC Palliative Care. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-684X. ; 21:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The wish to be cared for and to die at home is common among people with end-stage cancer in the western world. However, home deaths are declining in many countries. The aim of this study was to explore the pref‑ erences for home care over time to enable home death among adult patients with cancer in the late palliative phase.Methods: A qualitative method was applied according to grounded theory (Corbin & Strauss, 2008). Data was collected using individual interviews (n=15) with nine adult patients. One to two follow up interviews were conducted with four patients. Sampling, data collection and constant comparative analysis were undertaken simultaneously.Results: The findings are presented as a conceptual model of patients’ preferences for care to enable home death. The core category “Hope and trust to get the care I need to die at home” showed that the preference to die at home seemed stable over time and did not change with deterioration in health status and progression in illness. Five cat‑ egories were related to the core category. The categories “being in the present”, “be safe and in charge” and “be seen and acknowledged” describe the patients’ preferences to live a meaningful life until death and be the same person as always. These preferences depended on the categories describing characteristics of healthcare personnel and the organisation of care: “reliable, compassionate and competent healthcare personnel” and “timely, predictive, continuous and adaptive organisation”.Conclusion: An important preference over time was to be here and now and to live as meaningful a life as possible until death. Moreover, the patients preferred to retain control over their lives, to be autonomous and to be seen as the person they had always been. To achieve this, person-centred care provided by healthcare personnel with competence, skills and enough/ample time were required. In addition, home care needed to be organised in a way that ensured continuity and predictability. Systematic implementation of a person-centred care model and the use of advanced home care plans with continued re-evaluation for patients’ preferences of home care were proposed measures to enable home death.
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| 19. |
- Olsson, Cecilia, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Adaption of the Quality From the Patient’s Perspective Instrument for Use in Assessing Gynecological Cancer Care and Patients’ Perceptions of Quality Care Received
- 2022
-
In: Cancer Care Research Online. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 2691-3623. ; 2:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Research focusing on patients’ perceptions of the quality of gynecological cancer care is needed.Objective: To adapt the Quality from the Patient’s Perspective instrument for use in gynecological cancer care (QPP-GynCa) and describe patients’ perceptions of their quality of care in terms of the care received and the subjective importance of the aspects of care.Methods: A cross-sectional study 6–8 months after diagnosis was conducted, involving 1511 patients (response rate of 50.4%) included in the Swedish quality registry for gynecologic cancer.Results: The exploratory factor analysis (n = 1431) resulted in the QPP-GynCa with a 5-factor structure and an eigenvalue of ≥1, explaining 73.1% of the total scale variance. The final 27-item version of the QPP-GynCa consisted of 18 items with 8 additional single items and 1 global single item. The Cronbach’s alpha was acceptable for most factors (>.80). Subjective importance scores were higher than corresponding quality of care scores for care received (P ≤ .01)in all dimensions, factors, and items.Conclusions: The QPP-GynCa instrument reflects all 4 dimensions of the theoretical model of quality of care and achieved good validity as a reliable instrument in assessing the quality of gynecological cancer care.Implication for Practice: Information related to self-care, aspects of sexuality, and reducing patient waiting times need improvement.What Is Foundational: This study contributes to a better understanding of quality of gynecological cancer treatment and care. The validated QPP-GynCa instrument will be a platform for more research on how this group of patients experience their received care, as well as importance of each aspect of care.
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| 20. |
- Olsson, Cecilia, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of palliative care quality in a combined acute oncology-palliative care unit: A cross-sectional study
- 2021
-
In: Nordic journal of nursing research. - : Sage Publications. - 2057-1585 .- 2057-1593. ; 41:3, s. 121-130
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is a challenge to ensure high-quality palliative care. The aim was to investigate the perceptions of health care professionals(HCPs) working in a combined acute oncology-palliative care unit regarding the quality of the palliative care received by thepatients and how important the care was to the patients. A Swedish total-survey cross-sectional study including 41 HCPs (54%response rate) was conducted with the 52 items Quality from the Patient’s Perspective – Palliative Care instrument, answeredin two different ways: as actual care received and subjective importance. The STROBE-checklist was used. The areas forimprovements were related to symptom relief, spiritual and existential needs, information, patient participation, continuity ofcare, care planning, cooperation and coordination of care, as subjective importance scores were higher than correspondingscores for care received (p .025). Providing high-quality palliative care alongside curative treatments for cancer patients isknown to be challenging and could explain the results in this study. Implementation of a person-centred palliative care modelbased on the hospice philosophy could be a solution.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Omar, Omar, et al.
(author)
-
The stimulation of an osteogenic response by classical monocyte activation.
- 2011
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In: Biomaterials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-5905 .- 0142-9612. ; 32:32, s. 8190-8204
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The monocyte/macrophage system plays a central role in host defense, wound healing and immune regulation at biomaterial surfaces. Monocytes can be classically and alternatively activated, and can be stimulated differently in response to variations in biomaterial surface properties. In this study, human monocytes, cultured on polystyrene surfaces (Ps), were activated either classically, by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or alternatively, by interleukin-4 (IL-4). Monocytes were also cultured on anodically oxidized (Ox) and machined (Ma) titanium surfaces, with and without LPS stimulation. Cells were cultured for 1 and 3 days and their conditioned media (CM) were collected. The osteogenic response of hMSCs to the monocyte CM was determined by analyzing the gene expression of key osteogenic markers. The CM from classically activated monocytes increased the hMSCs expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Furthermore, CM from monocytes cultured on Ox surface resulted in a modest increase of the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). LPS stimulation of the surface-seeded monocytes overwhelmed the effect of the surface properties and resulted in significant upregulation of BMP-2 and Runx2 for all samples. The results show that human monocytes, cultured on different surfaces and/or under different activation pathways, communicate pro-osteogenic signals to hMSCs. The signals involve regulation of autologous BMP-2 in the hMSCs. The classical activation results in profound and prolonged osteogenic effect compared to the effect of the investigated surface properties.
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| 23. |
- Rejnö, Gustaf, et al.
(author)
-
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Asthmatic Women : A Population-Based Family Design Study
- 2018
-
In: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 2213-2198 .- 2213-2201. ; 6:3, s. 916-922.e6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Asthma is associated with several adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Familial factors may confound these associations.OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of measured and unmeasured confounding by conducting a study that compared differentially exposed cousins and siblings from the same families.METHODS: We retrieved data on adverse pregnancy outcomes, prescribed drugs, and physician-diagnosed asthma from nationwide registers for all women in Sweden with singleton births between 2001 and 2013. Logistic and linear regression estimated the association between maternal asthma and several outcomes in the whole population and within differently exposed pregnant relatives.RESULTS: In total, 1,075,153 eligible pregnancies were included and 10.1% of the study population had asthma. We identified 475,200 cousin and 341,205 sister pregnancies. Women with asthma had increased risks for preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.17; 95% CI, 1.13-1.21), emergency cesarean section (aOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.22-1.27), and having a child small for gestational age (aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.12-1.23). In the conditional regression analyses, after adjustment for familial factors, the associations remained: preeclampsia in cousins (aOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07-1.25) and siblings (aOR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08-1.38), emergency cesarean section in cousins (aOR, 1.28) and siblings (aOR, 1.21), and small for gestational age in cousins (aOR, 1.17) and siblings (aOR, 1.13).CONCLUSIONS: Factors shared by siblings and cousins do not seem to explain the observed association between maternal asthma and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This implies that targeting the asthma disease will continue to be important in reducing risks for adverse outcomes in pregnancy.
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| 24. |
- Rejnö, Gustaf, et al.
(author)
-
Maternal anxiety, depression and asthma and adverse pregnancy outcomes : a population based study
- 2019
-
In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To evaluate associations between maternal anxiety or depression and adverse pregnancy outcomes, taking possible familial confounding and interaction with asthma into account, we conducted a cohort study of all singleton births in Sweden 2001-2013. We retrieved information about pregnancy, diagnoses of anxiety/depression, asthma, and prescribed medication from the Swedish Medical Birth, National Patient, and Prescribed Drug Registers. We estimated associations with regression models, performed cousin and sibling comparisons, and calculated interactions. In 950 301 identified pregnancies; 5.9% had anxiety/depression and 4.0% had asthma. Anxiety/depression was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (e.g. preeclampsia, adjusted Odds Ratio 1.17 (95% Confidence Interval 1.12, 1.22), instrumental delivery (1.14 (1.10, 1.18)), elective (1.62 (1.57, 1.68)) and emergency (1.32 (1.28, 1.35)) caesarean section (CS)). Their children had lower birth weight (-54 g (-59, -49)) and shorter gestational age (-0.29 weeks (-0.31, -0.28)). Associations were not confounded by familial factors and asthma did not modify the effect of anxiety/depression for outcomes other than elective CS, p < 0.001. In women with anxiety/depression diagnosis, untreated women had higher odds of elective CS compared to women on medication (1.30 (1.17, 1.43)). In conclusion, anxiety/depression should be considered when evaluating pregnant women's risk of complications such as preeclampsia and non-vaginal deliveries.
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| 25. |
- Shah, Furqan A., et al.
(author)
-
Micrometer-Sized Magnesium Whitlockite Crystals in Micropetrosis of Bisphosphonate-Exposed Human Alveolar Bone
- 2017
-
In: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 17:10, s. 6210-6216
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Osteocytes are contained within spaces called lacunae and play a central role in bone remodelling. Administered frequently to prevent osteoporotic fractures, antiresorptive agents such as bi-sphosphonates suppress osteocyte apoptosis and may be localized within osteocyte lacunae. Bisphosphonates also reduce osteoclast viability and thereby hinder the repair of damaged tissue. Osteocyte lacunae contribute to toughening mechanisms. Following osteocyte apoptosis, the lacunar space undergoes mineralization, termed "micropetrosis". Hypermineralized lacunae are believed to increase bone fragility. Using nanoanalytical electron microscopy with complementary spectroscopic and crystallographic experiments, postapoptotic mineralization of osteocyte lacunae in bisphosphonate-exposed human bone was investigated. We report an unprecedented presence of similar to 80 nm to similar to 3 mu m wide, distinctly faceted, magnesium whitlockite [Ca18Mg2(HPO4)(2)(PO4)(12)] crystals and consequently altered local nanomechanical properties. These findings have broad implications on the role of therapeutic agents in driving biomineralization and shed new insights into a possible relationship between bisphosphonate exposure, availability of intracellular magnesium, and pathological calcification inside lacunae.
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| 26. |
- Aaltonen, Kristina E., et al.
(author)
-
Molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells from patients with metastatic breast cancer reflects evolutionary changes in gene expression under the pressure of systemic therapy
- 2017
-
In: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 8:28, s. 45544-45565
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Resistance to systemic therapy is a major problem in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) that can be explained by initial tumor heterogeneity as well as by evolutionary changes during therapy and tumor progression. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detected in a liquid biopsy can be sampled and characterized repeatedly during therapy in order to monitor treatment response and disease progression. Our aim was to investigate how CTC derived gene expression of treatment predictive markers (ESR1/HER2) and other cancer associated markers changed in patient blood samples during six months of first-line systemic treatment for MBC. CTCs from 36 patients were enriched using CellSearch (Janssen Diagnostics) and AdnaTest (QIAGEN) before gene expression analysis was performed with a customized gene panel (TATAA Biocenter). Our results show that antibodies against HER2 and EGFR were valuable to isolate CTCs unidentified by CellSearch and possibly lacking EpCAM expression. Evaluation of patients with clinically different breast cancer subgroups demonstrated that gene expression of treatment predictive markers changed over time. This change was especially prominent for HER2 expression. In conclusion, we found that changed gene expression during first-line systemic therapy for MBC could be a possible explanation for treatment resistance. Characterization of CTCs at several time-points during therapy could be informative for treatment selection.
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| 27. |
- Acquavella, J., et al.
(author)
-
Design and methods for a Scandinavian pharmacovigilance study of osteonecrosis of the jaw and serious infections among cancer patients treated with antiresorptive agents for the prevention of skeletal-related events
- 2016
-
In: Clinical Epidemiology. - 1179-1349. ; 8, s. 267-272
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a recognized complication of potent antiresorptive therapies, especially at the doses indicated to prevent skeletal complications for cancer patients with bone metastases. This paper describes the rationale and methods for a prospective, post-authorization safety study of cancer patients treated with antiresorptive therapies. Methods: As part of a comprehensive pharmacovigilance plan, developed with regulators' input, the study will estimate incidence of ONJ and of serious infections among adult cancer patients with bone metastases treated with denosumab (120 mg subcutaneously) or zoledronic acid (4 mg intravenously, adjusted for renal function). Patients will be identified using routinely collected data combined with medical chart review in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. Followup will extend from the first administration of antiresorptive treatment to the earliest of death, loss-to-follow-up, or 5 years after therapy initiation. Results will be reported for three treatment cohorts: denosumab-naive patients, zoledronic acid-naive patients, and patients who switch from bisphosphonate treatment to denosumab. ONJ cases will be identified in three newly established national ONJ databases and adjudicated by the committee that functioned during the XGEVA (R) clinical trials program. Conclusion: This study will provide a real world counterpart to the clinical trial-estimated risks for ONJ and serious infections for cancer patients initiating denosumab or zoledronic acid. The establishment of ONJ databases in the three Scandinavian countries will have potential benefits outside this study for the elucidation of ONJ risk factors and the evaluation of ONJ treatment strategies.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Adelmann, Kenneth, et al.
(author)
-
Språkutveckling, medier och demokrati
- 2014
-
In: Medie- och informationskunnighet i Norden. - Göteborg : Nordicom. - 9789186523886 ; , s. 117-129
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 30. |
- Adelmann, Kent, et al.
(author)
-
Språkutveckling, medier och demokrati
- 2014
-
In: Medie- och informationskunnighet i Norden. - : Nordicom. - 9789186523886 ; , s. 117-121
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Vi som har skrivit denna artikel är alla verksamma inom forskningsmiljön Svenska med didaktisk inriktning (SMDI) vid Malmö högskola. Frågor om språkutveckling i bred bemärkelse står här i centrum. För närvarande är vi engagerade i projektet ”SMDI och lärande i medielandskapet 2.0”. Vår teoretiska plattform kan beskrivas som medieekologisk, vilket kortfattat uttryckt innebär att vi är intresserade av de mångfaldiga och komplexa relationerna mellan medier och kommunikativa kompetenser (Elmfeldt & Erixon 2007; Erixon 2012; Hayles 2002). Dessa relationer förstås därför inte, som så ofta annars i skolsammanhang, i termer av enkelriktad påverkan eller effekter (exempelvis datorns och internets negativa inverkan på skriftspråket). Vår huvudpoäng i denna artikel är att medie- och informationskunnighet, MIK, handlar om, borde handla om, framför allt två saker: språkutveckling och demokrati.
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| 31. |
- Agrell, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
-
PCB congeners in precipitation, wash out ratios and depositional fluxes within the Baltic Sea region, Europe
- 2002
-
In: Atmospheric Environment. - 1352-2310. ; 36:2, s. 371-383
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Concentrations of PCB congeners were determined in precipitation and the annual and seasonal depositional fluxes were calculated for 16 (mostly rural) stations around the Baltic Sea during 1990-1993. The concentrations of individual congeners in precipitation were found to be influenced by atmospheric concentrations of PCBs, ambient temperature, precipitation volume and physico-chemical properties of the compounds. Median levels of PCBs in precipitation differed one order of magnitude between stations. When analyzing all data together to obtain regional trends, concentrations of PCBs in precipitation decreased with increasing temperature. This relationship was the same for all stations but differed in the magnitude of the slope for individual congeners. Low chlorinated PCB congeners showed steeper slopes for the temperature relationship than did high chlorinated congeners, a result explained by high atmospheric concentrations of the low chlorinated congeners during low temperatures. Annual wash out ratios were between 31 and 72 x 103 and tended to be higher for the high chlorinated congeners. Wash out ratios decreased with increasing temperature for all congeners except PCB-33. At snow scavenging events, the wash out ratio of PCBs increased with a factor of 2. Latitudinal trends for PCB concentrations in precipitation and deposition were generally not statistically significant. The calculated yearly deposition of PCBs to the Baltic Sea was 390 and 5-18 kg for individual congeners, with PCB-138 having the highest flux. Deposition of PCB congeners varied seasonally, with a factor between 2 and 3, and was generally highest during fall. Relatively higher deposition of low chlorinated congeners compared to high chlorinated congeners was found during winter. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 32. |
- Agrell, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
-
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDES) at a solid waste incineration plant I: Atmospheric concentrations
- 2004
-
In: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 38:30, s. 5139-5148
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the first of two papers, the atmospheric poly brominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations at a municipal solid waste incineration (MSW) plant with electronic recycling is compared with that at an industrial urban reference site producing asphalt and concrete. In the second paper, atmospheric deposition and washout behaviour is presented (Atmos. Environ. (2004a)). PBDEs (BDE28, -47, -66, -100, -154, -153, -183, -209) in the gaseous and particulate phase were measured with high resolution in time during the colder parts of the year to minimise the influence of potential historical pollution at the sites through volatilisation. This also means that reported levels are lower compared to other reported data. Results of BDE47 (TetraBDE) and BDE209 (DecaBDE) as representatives of "old" vs. "new" PBDEs as well as SigmaPBDE, excluding BDE209, are presented. Median SigmaPBDE, BDE47 and BDE209 concentration were 6.3, 2.1 and 10.4 pg m(-3) at the MSW and 3.5, 1.7 and 6.5 pg m-3 at the reference site. The total concentrations (gaseous and particulate phase) were significantly higher at the MSW compared to the reference site for SigmaPBDE and BDE47 but not for BDE209. The same results were obtained regarding concentrations in the gaseous phase. Particle concentrations were significantly higher at the MSW for SigmaPBDE, BDE47 and BDE209. Within each site, the gaseous-phase concentration was significantly higher than the particulate-phase concentration except for BDE209 at the MSW. Thus, the proportion of BDE209 detected in the particulate phase was higher at the MSW compared to the reference site. Together with the results of the second paper, we suggest that treatment of waste is presently a source of "old" PBDEs to the environment, whereas the rather similar BDE209 concentrations at the two sites are more a result of proximity to potential diffuse sources.
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| 33. |
- Ahlgren, Fredrik, 1980-
(author)
-
Reducing ships' fuel consumption and emissions by learning from data
- 2018
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In the context of reducing both greenhouse gases and hazardous emissions, the shipping sector faces a major challenge as it is currently responsible for 11% of the transport sector’s anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Even as emissions reductions are needed, the demand for the transport sector rises exponentially every year. This thesis aims to investigate the potential to use ships’ existing internal energy systems more efficiently. The thesis focusses on making existing ships in real operating conditions more efficient based logged machinery data. This dissertation presents results that can make ship more energy efficient by utilising waste heat recovery and machine learning tools. A significant part of this thesis is based on data from a cruise ship in the Baltic Sea, and an extensive analysis of the ship’s internal energy system was made from over a year’s worth of data. The analysis included an exergy analysis, which also considers the usability of each energy flow. In three studies, the feasibility of using the waste heat from the engines was investigated, and the results indicate that significant measures can be undertaken with organic Rankine cycle devices. The organic Rankine cycle was simulated with data from the ship operations and optimised for off-design conditions, both regarding system design and organic fluid selection. The analysis demonstrates that there are considerable differences between the real operation of a ship and what it was initially designed for. In addition, a large two-stroke marine diesel was integrated into a simulation with an organic Rankine cycle, resulting in an energy efficiency improvement of 5%. This thesis also presents new methods of employing machine learning to predict energy consumption. Machine learning algorithms are readily available and free to use, and by using only a small subset of data points from the engines and existing fuel flow meters, the fuel consumption could be predicted with good accuracy. These results demonstrate a potential to improve operational efficiency without installing additional fuel meters. The thesis presents results concerning how data from ships can be used to further analyse and improve their efficiency, by using both add-on technologies for waste heat recovery and machine learning applications.
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| 34. |
- Akselsson, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
-
För Värmlands läns Luftvårdsförbund Övervakning av luftföroreningar i Värmlands län Resultat till och med september 1999
- 2000
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- På uppdrag av Värmlands läns Luftvårdsförbund har IVL mätt nedfall av luftföroreningar, markvattnets kvalitet och lufthalter på sju lokaler i Värmlands län. Syftet är att beskriva nedfallets storlek och markvattnets sammansättning i skogsytorna, men även visa skillnader mellan olika delar av regionen och hur förhållandena ändras med tiden. Vissa av provytorna ligger i Skogsvårdsorganisationens observationsytor, vilket gör att Luftvårdsförbundets data kan jämföras med skogens hälsa. Depositionen av svavel och kväve är störst i de sydvästra delarna av Sverige och avtar mot nordost. Denna gradient återfinns även i Värmlands län, där nästan 6 kg svavel deponerades per hektar i den sydligaste skogsytan Södra Averstad, medan omkring 2 kg/ha deponerades i Båtstad och Transtrandsberget i norr. De fyra ytor för vilka det finns en nioårig mätserie visar en markant minskning av svaveldeposition till skogsmark. Medelvärdet har minskat från omkring 7 kg/ha i början av 1990-talet till knappt 4 kg/ha, framför allt beroende på minskad torrdeposition. För kväve saknas motsvarande trend, medeldepositionen på öppet fält har varierat mellan 5 och 7 kg/ha. Prognoser visar att nedfallet år 2010 kommer att vara 2,5 kg svavel och 4 kg kväve per hektar i Svealand om beslutade utsläppsbegränsande åtgärder genomförs i Europa. Det minskade nedfallet av syror ska leda till en minskning av markvattnets försurningsgrad enligt modellberäkningar. Andra faktorer, som episoder av naturligt nedfall av havssalter, kan under kortare eller längre perioder dölja återhämtningen. Därför krävs det långa mätserier för att beskriva om markvattnets kvalitet verkligen förbättras. Markvattnets pH-värde har liksom tidigare år varit omkring 5, förutom ytan på Blåbärskullen centralt i Värmland, där förhållandena varit avsevärt bättre ur försurningsssynpunkt. Säsongsmedelhalten av marknära ozon, O3, var högre än året innan på grund av den fina sommaren 1999. Halterna har sannolikt varit skadliga för vegetationen. Däremot har luftens innehåll av svavel- och kvävedioxid varit betydligt under svenska miljökvalitetsnormer.
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| 35. |
- Akselsson, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
-
Markkemi och markvatten i kalkad skog. Årsrapport 1997
- 1998
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Skogsstyrelsens försöksverksamhet presenteras i årliga rapporter och denna rapport beskriver effekter i marken. Den baseras på mark- och markvattenkemiska undersökningar inom Skogsstyrelsens storskaliga försök med skogsmarkskalkning i områden med försurade jordar i södra och sydvästra Götaland. Rapporten omfattar tidsperioden hösten 1990 till hösten 1997. Fem år efter kalkning hade bara en liten del av tillförd kalk trängt ner djupare än humuslagret. På vissa provytor låg en del av kalken fortfarande kvar i förnan. I humusskiktet har basmättnaden nästan dubblerats samtidigt som vätejon- och aluminiumhalten mer än halverats. Förändringen började redan under första året. Mineraljorden (0-10 cm) uppvisar signifikanta förändringar av halten utbytbara väte- och aluminiumjoner (minskning) samt basmättnad (ökning). Kalkningen påverkade markvattenkemin tillfälligt något eller några år efter kalkningen. Detta noterades främst för kalciumhalten, som höjdes kraftigt i förhållande till referensytorna. I de flesta ytorna skedde även en minskning av aluminiumhalten samt en ökning av BC/Al-kvoten. Effekterna var dock i de flesta fall kortvariga men för kalciumhalten finns dock tydliga tendenser till mer bestående effekter i markvattnet. Undersökningarna av markkemi och markvatten under de första fem åren efter kalkning kan inte visa att utlakningen, eller risken för utlakning, av oorganiskt kväve har ökat på grund av behandlingen. Resultaten efter fem år visar att det finns goda förutsättningar att på sikt nå målen som berör mark-kemiska aspekter med det kalkningskoncept som prövats i Skogsstyrelsens försöksverksamhet. I humuslagret överskreds i vissa fall målet på högst pH 5,0 efter kalkning, men den genomsnittliga ökningen var endast 0,7 enheter. På grund av att en stor andel av tillförd kalk fortfarande fanns i humuslagret efter fem år finns det en betydande potential för att basmättnaden i mineraljorden skall öka ytterligare och på sikt närma sig målet som innebär en fördubbling av basmättnadsgraden i olika markskikt. Den gradvisa upplösningen av den relativt långsamt vittrande kalksorten indikerar att behandlingseffekten kommer att bli utsträckt i tiden på ett sätt som eftersträvas i målsättningen med åtgärderna
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| 36. |
- Akselsson, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
-
Markvatten, barrkemi och trädtillväxt efter behandling med olika doser och sorter av kalk. Årsrapport 1999. Effektuppföljning av Skogsstyrelsens program för kalkning och vitaliseringsgödsling av skogsmark.
- 2000
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Skogsstyrelsens försöksverksamhet med kalkning och vitalisering av skogsmark innehåller sedan 1990 en omfattande effektuppföljning med basprogram och specialförsök. Denna rapport redovisar effekter på markvattenkemi, barrkemi och trädtillväxt vid olika doser av kalk på skogsmark. Markvattenstudien omfattar även fyra olika kalksorter: krossad kalksten, finmald kalksten, krossad dolomit och finmald dolomit. Doserna 3, 6 och 12 ton/ha jämfördes med obehandlade referensytor. Försöket startade 1992. I markvattnet ledde alla kombinationer av dos och sort till högre kalciumhalt och BC/Al-kvot (kvot mellan baskatjoner och aluminium). För aluminium- och vätejonhalt finns tendenser till lägre halter. Resultaten visar även att det är möjligt att inom några få månader minska markvattnets surhetsgrad, i synnerhet med höga doser och finmald kalksten. Kaliumhalterna var generellt låga och det finns tendenser till minskning vid kalkning med dosen 12 ton/ha. Även halterna av nitrat- och ammoniumkväve är låga och i detta materialet finns inget som tyder på risker för förhöjda kvävehalter, vilket framförts som en risk vid kalkning av skogsmark. En tydlig effekt i barren är att kalciumhalten ökade efter kalkningen. Effekten ökade med dosen. Andra tydliga effekter var att halterna av mangan och aluminium minskade. Trädtillväxten påverkades inte av kalkningen vid någon av doserna
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| 37. |
- Akselsson, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
-
Regional övervakning av nedfall och effekter av luftföroreningar :
- 2000
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- IVL har tillsammans med länen (Luftvårdsförbund och Länsstyrelser) och Naturvårdsverket utförtett projekt under tre år (1997 till 1999) där de framtida metoderna för att övervaka luftföroreningarmed regional upplösning har utretts och utvecklats. Utredningen har resulterat i ett förslag till framtidaregional miljöövervakning av luftföroreningar som omfattar en kombination av mätningar ochresultat från andra program. Samordningen innebär att resultatredovisningen blir mer komplett ochanpassad till nya krav på indikatorer och uppföljningsmått. Programmet omfattar följande moment;deposition, halter i luft och markvatten, modellberäkningar, lagring, bearbetning och utvärdering avdata, redovisning samt samordning, kvalitetssäkring och programutveckling. Samarbetsprojektet harutvärderat de olika momenten och utvecklat rutiner för lagring, bearbetning och redovisning avresultat i form av länsrapporter och en hemsida. Förbättrade metoder att mäta och beräkna den totaladepositionen av baskatjoner och kväve till skog har utvecklats inom projektet.
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| 38. |
- Akselsson, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
-
Regional övervakning av nedfall och effekter av luftföroreningar - Sammanfattande slutrapport från ett samarbetsprojekt mellan IVL, länen och Naturvårdsverket.
- 2000
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- IVL har tillsammans med länen (Luftvårdsförbund och Länsstyrelser) och Naturvårdsverket utfört ett projekt under tre år (1997 till 1999) där de framtida metoderna för att övervaka luftföroreningar med regional upplösning har utretts och utvecklats. Utredningen har resulterat i ett förslag till framtida regional miljöövervakning av luftföroreningar som omfattar en kombination av mätningar och resultat från andra program. Samordningen innebär att resultatredovisningen blir mer komplett och anpassad till nya krav på indikatorer och uppföljningsmått. Programmet omfattar följande moment; deposition, halter i luft och markvatten, modellberäkningar, lagring, bearbetning och utvärdering av data, redovisning samt samordning, kvalitetssäkring och programutveckling. Samarbetsprojektet har utvärderat de olika momenten och utvecklat rutiner för lagring, bearbetning och redovisning av resultat i form av länsrapporter och en hemsida. Förbättrade metoder att mäta och beräkna den totala depositionen av baskatjoner och kväve till skog har utvecklats inom projektet
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| 39. |
-
Allmänningen
- 2024
-
Artistic workabstract
- Utställningen Allmänningen handlar om våra gemensamma rum. De torg, stråk och gröningar dit allmänheten idag har tillträde. Mellan tätort och landsbygd, längs med åar och vattendrag, via våtmarker och kulturminnesplatser, över höjder och ängsmarker. Det är platser för demokrati, kulturellt utbyte, handel och rekreation.I utställningen Allmänningen möts historiska spår, planerare och några nedgrävda kartor. Genom olika kartläggningspraktiker som rör sig mellan plats och representation visas hur allmänningen som fenomen har transformerats över tid. Den har genomgått ett antal olika förändringar och människor har trots dessa skiften alltid tagit platser i anspråk: gröningar, gator, parker, stråk, torg – på landsbygd, i tätort, längs med åar och vattendrag, via våtmarker och kulturminnesplatser, över höjder och ängsmarker. Det är platser för demokrati, kulturellt utbyte, handel och vila. Här presenteras allmänningen som ett begrepp, som fysisk plats och kulturell enhet. Från kroppens intima skala till värderingen och regleringen av mark. Utställningen är kopplad till forskningsprojektet Allmänningar och stråk för rumslig rättvisa i urban fullåkersbygd finansierat av forskningsrådet FORMAS.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Almung, Magnus, et al.
(author)
-
I solitärens skugga : Nyttobyggnadens kreativa restaurering
- 2015
-
Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Ekonomibyggnader har alltid behövts för de huvudbyggnader som finns inom våra bevarade kulturmiljöer. Några nyttobyggnader uppskattas och används fortfarande, andra betraktas som problematiska överloppsbyggnader, många rivs. Alltför få har dokumenterats eller fått sin historia klarlagd vilket undanhållit viktig kunskap om samhällets framväxt. Vi vill synliggöra och betona vikten av att bevara och utveckla hela bebyggelsemiljöer, ofta med ett antal hus utöver huvudbyggnaden och tillhörande yttre miljö i staden eller på landet. Denna rapport visar kursdeltagarnas projektarbeten om nyttobyggnader. De har dokumenterat med traditionella och nya arbetsmetoder, inventerat och intervjuat, läst och besökt arkiv, värderat, analyserat och därefter föreslagit hur man ska ta hand om och utveckla nyttobyggnaderna i sina kulturmiljöer.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Andersson, David, 1979, et al.
(author)
-
DN Debatt: LRF och Svenskt flyg svarar inte om klimatmålen
- 2015
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In: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Sammantaget ser vi inget i motdebattörernas argument som talar emot att införa styrmedel, till exempel konsumtionsskatter, inom dessa områden där inga stora tekniska lösningar finns i sikte, skriver 14 miljö- och energiforskare i slutrepliken till sin text om flyg- och köttskatt (26/2).
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| 44. |
- Andersson, David, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Nu krävs kraftfulla åtgärder mot nötkött och flygresor
- 2015
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In: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; 2015-02-27
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Svenskarnas globala utsläpp från köttkonsumtion och flygresor motsvarar hälften av de totala utsläppen på hemmaplan. I vår rapport till Naturvårdsverket föreslår vi tydliga styrmedel – som nya skatter – för att begränsa konsumtionen på dessa områden, skriver 14 miljö- och energiforskare.
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| 45. |
- Arimoto, M., et al.
(author)
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Performance assessment study of the balloon-borne astronomical soft gamma-ray polarimeter PoGOLite
- 2007
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In: Physica. E, Low-Dimensional systems and nanostructures. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-9477 .- 1873-1759. ; 40:2, s. 438-441
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Measurements of polarization play a crucial role in the understanding of the dominant emission mechanism of astronomical sources. Polarized Gamma-ray Observer-Light version (PoGOLite) is a balloon-borne astronomical soft gamma-ray polarimeter at the 25-80 keV band. The PoGOLite detector consists of a hexagonal close-packed array of 217 Phoswich detector cells (PDCs) and side anti-coincidence shields (SASs) made of BGO crystals surrounding PDCs. Each PDC consists of a slow hollow scintillator, a fast scintillator and a BGO crystal that connects to a photomultiplier tube at the end. To examine the PoGOLite's capability and estimate the performance, we conducted experiments with the PDC using radioisotope 241Am. In addition, we compared this result with performance expected by Monte Carlo simulation with Geant4. As a result, we found that the actual PDC has the capability to detect a 100 m Crab source until 80 keV.
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| 46. |
- Arm, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Förutsägelse av långtidsegenskaper hos restprodukter : teknik och miljö i vägar
- 2009
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In Sweden, use of industrial by-products is still hindered by concern for their long-term properties. This report describes a three-year research project aiming to identify the key processes of ageing related to the usefulness of by-products in roads; investigate the consequences of these processes for technical and environmental properties of the by-products, and propose a method for accelerated ageing to predict long-term properties. The project has compared naturally aged samples of two by-products used as sub-bases in existing asphalt paved roads with samples of fresh by-products from producers' piles. Steel slag of electric arc furnace type and municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash were chosen. The samples were thoroughly characterized in order to identify which ageing processes had been crucial. The working hypothesis was that ageing processes lead to changes in pH, effective particle size and mineralogy, which in turn determine leaching, stiffness and stability of the material. One of the conclusions from the project is that the test results confirmed that the pavement edge material is ageing faster than the road centre material is.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Asp, Michaela, et al.
(author)
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A Spatiotemporal Organ-Wide Gene Expression and Cell Atlas of the Developing Human Heart
- 2019
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In: Cell. - : CELL PRESS. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 179:7, s. 1647-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The process of cardiac morphogenesis in humans is incompletely understood. Its full characterization requires a deep exploration of the organ-wide orchestration of gene expression with a single-cell spatial resolution. Here, we present a molecular approach that reveals the comprehensive transcriptional landscape of cell types populating the embryonic heart at three developmental stages and that maps cell-type-specific gene expression to specific anatomical domains. Spatial transcriptomics identified unique gene profiles that correspond to distinct anatomical regions in each developmental stage. Human embryonic cardiac cell types identified by single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed and enriched the spatial annotation of embryonic cardiac gene expression. In situ sequencing was then used to refine these results and create a spatial subcellular map for the three developmental phases. Finally, we generated a publicly available web resource of the human developing heart to facilitate future studies on human cardiogenesis.
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| 49. |
- Aurell, Emelie, et al.
(author)
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Mikroplaster : Redovisning av regeringsuppdrag om källor till mikroplaster och förslag på åtgärder för minskade utsläpp i Sverige
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I augusti 2015 fick Naturvårdsverket i uppdrag från regeringen att identifiera viktigare källor i Sverige till utsläpp av mikroplaster till havet och verka för att reducera utsläppen från dessa källor. I den här rapporten redovisar Naturvårdsverket uppdraget. Vi presenterar resultaten från den första, övergripande kartläggningen av källor till och spridning av mikroplaster i Sverige, en bedömning av vilka av de kartlagda källorna som primärt bör åtgärdas samt vilka steg som behöver tas för att förebygga utsläpp och minska spridning av mikroplaster till hav, sjöar och vattendrag från dessa källor.Förekomsten av mikroplast i den marina miljön har uppmärksammats allt mer under senare år, inte minst på global nivå. Mikroplast är ett samlingsnamn för små, små plastfragment (1 nm till 5 mm). De mikroplaster som hittats i världshaven, men även i sötvattensystem, har olika ursprung. Mikroplast kan bildas oavsiktligt när plastföremål slits och plastpartiklar frigörs, eller när vi inte återanvänder, återvinner eller slänger plastmaterial på rätt sätt utan plasten blir skräp som succesivt bryts ned till mindre och mindre bitar i naturen. Det finns också plast som från början tillverkas som små pellets eller korn.Utgångspunkten för arbetet har varit miljökvalitetsmålen Hav i balans samt levande kust och Levande sjöar och vattendrag samt målet om Giftfri miljö. Reduceradeutsläpp av mikroplaster till hav, sjöar och vattendrag bidrar till att nå dessa mål.Uppdraget har genomförts av Naturvårdsverket i samarbete med Havs- och vattenmyndigheten, andra berörda myndigheter, samt med deltagande av berörda organisationer och andra intressenter mellan augusti 2015 och maj 2017. Slutsatserna är Naturvårdsverkets egna.
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| 50. |
- Axelsson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Measuring energy dependent polarization in soft γ-rays using Compton scattering in PoGOLite
- 2007
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In: Astroparticle Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-6505. ; 28:3, s. 327-337
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Linear polarization in X- and γ-rays is an important diagnostic of many astrophysical sources, foremost giving information about their geometry, magnetic fields, and radiation mechanisms. However, very few X-ray polarization measurements have been made, and then only mono-energetic detections, whilst several objects are assumed to have energy dependent polarization signatures. In this paper, we investigate whether detection of energy dependent polarization from cosmic sources is possible using the Compton technique, in particular with the proposed PoGOLite balloon-experiment, in the 25–100 keV range. We use Geant4 simulations of a PoGOLite model and input photon spectra based on Cygnus X-1 and accreting magnetic pulsars (100 mCrab). Effective observing times of 6 and 35 h were simulated, corresponding to a standard and a long duration flight, respectively. Both smooth and sharp energy variations of the polarization are investigated and compared to constant polarization signals using chi-square statistics. We can reject constant polarization, with energy, for the Cygnus X-1 spectrum (in the hard state), if the reflected component is assumed to be completely polarized, whereas the distinction cannot be made for weaker polarization. For the accreting pulsar, constant polarization can be rejected in the case of polarization in a narrow energy band with at least 50% polarization, and similarly for a negative step distribution from 30% to 0% polarization.
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