| 1. |
- Beecham, Ashley H, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of immune-related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:11, s. 1353-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the ImmunoChip custom genotyping array, we analyzed 14,498 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 24,091 healthy controls for 161,311 autosomal variants and identified 135 potentially associated regions (P < 1.0 × 10(-4)). In a replication phase, we combined these data with previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from an independent 14,802 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 26,703 healthy controls. In these 80,094 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 48 new susceptibility variants (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)), 3 of which we found after conditioning on previously identified variants. Thus, there are now 110 established multiple sclerosis risk variants at 103 discrete loci outside of the major histocompatibility complex. With high-resolution Bayesian fine mapping, we identified five regions where one variant accounted for more than 50% of the posterior probability of association. This study enhances the catalog of multiple sclerosis risk variants and illustrates the value of fine mapping in the resolution of GWAS signals.
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| 2. |
- Kuja-Halkola, Ralf, et al.
(författare)
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Do borderline personality disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder co-aggregate in families? : A population-based study of 2 million Swedes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 26:1, s. 341-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large-scale family studies on the co-occurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are lacking. Thus, we aimed to estimate the co-occurrence and familial co-aggregation of clinically ascertained ADHD and BPD diagnoses using the entire Swedish population. In a register-based cohort design we included individuals born in Sweden 1979-2001, and identified their diagnoses during 1997-2013; in total, 2,113,902 individuals were included in the analyses. We obtained clinical diagnoses of ADHD and BPD from inpatient and outpatient care. Individuals with an ADHD diagnosis had an adjusted (for birth year, sex, and birth order) odds ratio (aOR) of 19.4 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 18.6-20.4) of also having a BPD diagnosis, compared to individuals not diagnosed with ADHD. Having a sibling with ADHD also increased the risk for BPD (monozygotic twins, aOR = 11.2, 95% CI = 3.0-42.2; full siblings, aOR = 2.8, 95% CI = 2.6-3.1; maternal half-siblings, aOR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2-1.7; paternal half-siblings, aOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.3-1.7). Cousins also had an increased risk. The strength of the association between ADHD and BPD was similar in females and males, and full siblings showed similar increased risks regardless of sex. Among both males and females, ADHD and BPD co-occur within individuals and co-aggregate in relatives; the pattern suggests shared genetic factors and no robust evidence for etiologic sex differences was found. Clinicians should be aware of increased risks for BPD in individuals with ADHD and their relatives, and vice versa.
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| 3. |
- Carulla-Roig, Marta, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacoepidemiology of Tourette and Chronic Tic Disorders in Sweden 2005-2013
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 1044-5463 .- 1557-8992. ; 28:9, s. 637-645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Monitoring "real world" dispensation patterns over time is important to build the evidence base for safe and efficient use of psychotropic drugs. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively examine the patterns of psychotropic drug dispensations in patients with Tourette and chronic tic disorders (TD/CTD) in Sweden between 2005 and 2013.METHODS: A cohort of 6979 TD/CTD patients was identified through the Swedish National Patient Register. Their drug dispensation patterns, collected in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, were examined between July 1, 2005 and December 31, 2013. Frequencies of drug dispensations were further stratified by gender and comorbidities. Additionally, differences in the patterns of dispensation in children and adolescents versus adults in the last year of the follow-up were examined, as well as the time trends of the dispensations over the 8-year study period.RESULTS: A total of 5299 (75.9%) TD/CTD patients were dispensed at least one drug during the study period. The most frequently dispensed medications were attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drugs (53.8%), antidepressants (50.7%), hypnotics/sedatives (41.7%), and antipsychotics (41.5%). Most of the medicated patients (72.1%) were dispensed more than one drug during the study period. Patterns of dispensation varied according to patient's gender, associated comorbidities, and age group. Dispensation of quetiapine and aripiprazole, antiadrenergics, ADHD drugs, antiepileptics, and hypnotics/sedatives and anxiolytics (particularly the nonbenzodiazepine types) significantly increased over time, whereas dispensation of antidepressants, typical antipsychotics, and benzodiazepine-based anxiolytics significantly decreased over the study period.CONCLUSIONS: Long-term monitoring of these drug dispensation patterns and the study of both their beneficial and adverse effects is warranted.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Isomura, Kayoko, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic and Cardiovascular Complications in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder : A Total Population, Sibling Comparison Study With Long-Term Follow-up
- 2018
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 84:5, s. 324-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with increased mortality, but the causes of this increase are poorly understood. This study examined whether OCD is associated with an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular complications.METHODS: Individuals diagnosed with OCD (n = 25,415) were identified from a cohort of 12,497,002 individuals living in Sweden between 1973 and 2013. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to investigate the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular complications in OCD patients compared with the general population and unaffected full siblings of OCD individuals. Exploratory analyses were used to examine the effect of treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors, with or without antipsychotics, on the outcomes of interest.RESULTS: Individuals with OCD had a higher risk of any metabolic or cardiovascular complications compared with the general population (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.45; 95% confidence interval = 1.42-1.49) and their unaffected full siblings (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.47; 95% confidence interval = 1.40-1.54). In the fully adjusted sibling comparison models, patients had higher risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and circulatory system diseases. The risks were already evident from the beginning of the follow-up period and remained largely unchanged when excluding different groups of psychiatric comorbidities. Compared with patients who were not taking serotonin reuptake inhibitors, patients taking higher doses of serotonin reuptake inhibitors and who had a longer duration of treatment had significantly lower risks of metabolic and cardiovascular complications, regardless of whether they were also taking antipsychotics.CONCLUSIONS: OCD is associated with an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Our results underscore the importance of carefully monitoring metabolic and cardiovascular health in patients with OCD early in the course of the disorder.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Viktoria, et al.
(författare)
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Medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in individuals with or without coexisting autism spectrum disorder : analysis of data from the Swedish prescribed drug register
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. - : BioMed Central. - 1866-1955 .- 1866-1947. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Clinical studies found that medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is effective in coexisting autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but current research is based on small clinical studies mainly performed on children or adolescents. We here use register data to examine if individuals with ADHD and coexisting ASD present differences in the prescribing patterns of ADHD medication when compared to individuals with pure ADHD.METHODS: Data with information on filled prescriptions and diagnoses was retrieved from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the National Patient Register. We identified 34,374 individuals with pure ADHD and 5012 individuals with ADHD and coexisting ASD, aged between 3 and 80 years. The first treatment episode with ADHD medications (≥ 2 filled prescriptions within 90 days) and daily doses of methylphenidate during a 3-year period was measured. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the likelihood of being prescribed ADHD medication in individuals with and without ASD and Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare group differences in dose per day.RESULTS: Individuals with ADHD and coexisting ASD were less likely to start continuous treatment with ADHD medication (ADHD 80.5%; ADHD with ASD 76.2%; OR, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-0.86), were less likely to be prescribed methylphenidate, and were more commonly prescribed second line treatments such as dexamphetamine, amphetamine, or modafinil. No group difference was observed for atomoxetine. In adults with ADHD and coexisting ASD, methylphenidate was prescribed in lower daily doses over three years as compared to individuals with pure ADHD.CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that there are differences in the medical treatment of individuals with or without ASD. If these differences are due to different medication responses in ASD or due to other factors such as clinicians' perceptions of medication effects in patients with ASD, needs to be further studied.
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| 8. |
- Kreisel, Katrin, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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DNA polymerase η contributes to genome-wide lagging strand synthesis.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nucleic acids research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1362-4962 .- 0305-1048. ; 47:5, s. 2425-2435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA polymerase η (pol η) is best known for its ability to bypass UV-induced thymine-thymine (T-T) dimers and other bulky DNA lesions, but pol ηalso has other cellular roles. Here, we present evidence that pol η competes with DNA polymerases α and δfor the synthesis of the lagging strand genome-wide, where it also shows a preference for T-T in the DNA template. Moreover, we found that the C-terminus of pol η,which contains a PCNA-Interacting Protein motif is required for pol ηto function in lagging strand synthesis. Finally, we provide evidence that a pol η dependent signature is also found to be lagging strand specific in patients with skin cancer. Taken together, these findings provide insight into the physiological role of DNA synthesis by pol η and have implications for our understanding of how our genome is replicated to avoid mutagenesis, genome instability and cancer.
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| 9. |
- Larsson, Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Visualizing Invisible Environmental Data in VR: Development and Implementation of Design Concepts for Communicating Urban Air Quality in a Virtual City Model
- 2023
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Ingår i: Communications in Computer and Information Science Volume 1819 CCIS, Pages 253 - 267. - : Springer. - 1865-0929 .- 1865-0937. ; , s. 253-267
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As cities continue to grow, the desire to combine densification with sustainability and greenery may present a challenge to air quality, resulting from reduced ventilation caused by dense buildings and vegetation. To support the careful urban planning required, effective and interactive tools that can visualize and communicate information about air quality to stakeholders are essential. In a transdisciplinary research project aiming to explore such visualizations a prototype pedagogical virtual reality tool was developed, allowing users to explore the impact of aspects of the built environment upon urban air quality. The tool was evaluated with adolescents in upper secondary school through interviews and observations, as well as with the general public through a questionnaire study. This paper provides insights, potential solutions, and initial assessments relevant to data visualization in 3D and immersive analytics in urban planning and stakeholder communication. Identified challenges include difficulties with color association and data distinguishability, and as well as tool complexity relating to the many features requested by experts involved in a transdisciplinary project.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Larsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Lifestyle behaviors in Swedish university students before and during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic : A cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Changes in Swedish university students' lifestyle behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic are unknown. This study aimed to assess physical activity, sitting time, meal frequency and risk substance use (alcohol, tobacco, and illicit use of drugs) in Swedish university students before and during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic, for all and stratified by age and sex.METHODS: Data were obtained from the Sustainable University Life cohort study in which web-based surveys were sent to university students repeatedly for one year. Baseline assessment (before the pandemic) was between August 2019-March 2020, follow-up 1 (FU1) between March-June 2020, and follow-up 2 (FU2) between June-September 2020. Participants reported weekly minutes of physical activity, daily sitting hours, meal frequency by weekly intake of different meals, and motivation for eating irregularly, if so. Also, harmful use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs was assessed. Population means and differences with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) in lifestyle behaviors between time points were calculated with Generalized Estimating Equations.RESULTS: 1877 students (73% women, mean age 26.5 years) answered the baseline survey. Weekly exercise decreased by -5.7 min (95% CI: -10.0, -1.5) and -7.7 min (95% CI: -12.6, -2.8) between baseline and FU1 and FU2, respectively. Weekly daily activities increased by 5.6 min (95% CI: 0.3, 11.7) and 14.2 min (95% CI: 7.9, 20.5) between baseline and FU1 and FU2. Daily sitting time decreased by -1.4 h (95% CI: -1.7, -1.2) between baseline and FU2. Breakfast intake increased by 0.2 days per week (95% CI: 0.1, 0.3) between baseline and FU2. Lunch intake decreased by -0.2 days per week (95% CI: -0.2, -0.1) between baseline and FU1 and by -0.2 days per week (95% CI: -0.3, -0.0) between baseline and FU2. Dinner intake decreased by -0.1 days per week (95% CI: -0.2, -0.0) between baseline and both FU1 and FU2. Only minor differences in risk substance use were observed. Similar changes were observed in analyses stratified by age and sex.CONCLUSIONS: Lifestyle behaviors in Swedish university students slightly improved during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04465435 . 10/07/2020.
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| 12. |
- Larsson, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Professional role and identity in a changing society : three paradoxes in Swedish midwives' experiences
- 2009
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 25:4, s. 373-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: to explore how experienced midwives understand and experience their professional role and identity after the continuing changes that have taken place within their working domain over the last 20-25 years. DESIGN: four focus group interviews with 20 a total of participants in total were conducted and analysed by thematic content analysis. SETTING: one university hospital in mid-Sweden. FINDINGS: two main themes were conceptualised: (1) organisation of and situation at the workplace; and (2) the societal context. Three paradoxes became apparent. The midwives felt that their professional role in childbirth care had decreased in favour of other professionals, but they had a better dialogue with physicians and auxiliary nurses, which led to better teamwork and joint decisions. Secondly, the midwives expressed a strong professional identity on the basis of self-confidence and long experience, but their handcraft skills and clinical experience have become less valued due to increased medical technology and organisational changes that contributed to loss of locus of control. Finally, the midwives described a more humanised childbirth care and better collaboration with women/couples over the last decades. The couples are, however, more knowledgeable and enquiring, and the midwives expressed a fear that professional competency could be set aside. Furthermore, lack of trust in the normal birth process among women also affects midwives and the risk of litigation influences practice. KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: the midwives had experienced both positive and negative changes, but generally felt that their role had become more limited and their professional identity challenged by technology, other professionals and contemporary parents. A loss of locus of control may increase the risk of illness and burn-out symptoms, and must be considered by supervisors and managers.
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| 13. |
- Le Du-Carrée, Jessy, et al.
(författare)
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Cocktail effects of tire wear particles leachates on diverse biological models : A multilevel analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tire wear particles (TWP) stand out as a major contributor to microplastic pollution, yet their environmental impact remains inadequately understood. This study delves into the cocktail effects of TWP leachates, employing molecular, cellular, and organismal assessments on diverse biological models. Extracted in artificial seawater and analyzed for metals and organic compounds, TWP leachates revealed the presence of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and 4-tert-octylphenol. Exposure to TWP leachates (1.5 to 1000 mg peq L-1) inhibited algae growth and induced zebrafish embryotoxicity, pigment alterations, and behavioral changes. Cell painting uncovered pro-apoptotic changes, while mechanism-specific gene-reporter assays highlighted endocrine-disrupting potential, particularly antiandrogenic effects. Although heavy metals like zinc have been suggested as major players in TWP leachate toxicity, this study emphasizes water-leachable organic compounds as the primary causative agents of observed acute toxicity. The findings underscore the need to reduce TWP pollution in aquatic systems and enhance regulations governing highly toxic tire additives.
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| 14. |
- Magnusson, Patrik K. E., et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Twin Registry : establishment of a biobank and other recent developments
- 2013
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Ingår i: Twin Research and Human Genetics. - Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press. - 1832-4274 .- 1839-2628. ; 16:1, s. 317-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Twin Registry (STR) today contains more than 194,000 twins and more than 75,000 pairs have zygosity determined by an intra-pair similarity algorithm, DNA, or by being of opposite sex. Of these, approximately 20,000, 25,000, and 30,000 pairs are monozygotic, same-sex dizygotic, and opposite-sex dizygotic pairs, respectively. Since its establishment in the late 1950s, the STR has been an important epidemiological resource for the study of genetic and environmental influences on a multitude of traits, behaviors, and diseases. Following large investments in the collection of biological specimens in the past 10 years we have now established a Swedish twin biobank with DNA from 45,000 twins and blood serum from 15,000 twins, which effectively has also transformed the registry into a powerful resource for molecular studies. We here describe the main projects within which the new collections of both biological samples as well as phenotypic measures have been collected. Coverage by year of birth, zygosity determination, ethnic heterogeneity, and influences of in vitro fertilization are also described.
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| 15. |
- Martin, Cederlöf, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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The association between childhood autistic traits and adolescent psychotic experiences is explained by general neuropsychiatric problems.
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1552-4841 .- 1552-485X. ; 171:2, s. 153-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies suggest associations between childhood autistic traits and adolescent psychotic experiences. However, recent research suggests that a general neuropsychiatric problems factor predicts adverse outcomes better than specific diagnostic entities. To examine if the alleged association between autistic traits and psychotic experiences could rather be explained by a general neuropsychiatric problems factor comprising symptoms of ADHD, tic disorder, developmental coordination disorder, and learning disorder, we conducted a prospective cohort study based on the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. In addition, we examined the genetic and environmental influences on the associations. A total of 9,282 twins with data on childhood autistic traits and other neuropsychiatric problems, and follow-up data on psychotic experiences at ages 15 and/or 18 years were included. First, psychotic experiences were regressed on autistic traits and second, the general neuropsychiatric problems factor was added to the model. Auditory hallucinations were analyzed separately from the other psychotic experiences. Finally, twin analyses were employed to disentangle genetic from environmental influences in the observed associations. Replicating prior research, significant associations were found between autistic traits in childhood and auditory hallucinations at ages 15 and 18. However, after controlling for the general neuropsychiatric problems factor, the associations between autistic traits and auditory hallucinations disappeared, whereas the association between the general neuropsychiatric problems factor and auditory hallucinations persisted after controlling for autistic traits. Twin analyses revealed that the association between the general neuropsychiatric problems factor and auditory hallucinations was driven by shared genetic influences. .
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| 16. |
- Molero, Yasmina, et al.
(författare)
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Medications for Alcohol and Opioid Use Disorders and Risk of Suicidal Behavior, Accidental Overdoses, and Crime
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 0002-953X .- 1535-7228. ; 175:10, s. 970-978
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The authors examined associations between medications for alcohol and opioid use disorders (acamprosate, naltrexone, methadone, and buprenorphine) and suicidal behavior, accidental overdoses, and crime.Method: In this total population cohort study, 21,281 individuals who received treatment with at least one of the four medications between 2005 and 2013 were identified. Data on medication use and outcomes were collected from Swedish population-based registers. A within-individual design (using stratified Cox proportional hazards regression models) was used to compare rates of suicidal behavior, accidental overdoses, and crime for the same individuals during the period when they were receiving the medication compared with the period when they were not.Results: No significant associations with any of the primary outcomes were found for acamprosate. For naltrexone, there was a reduction in the hazard ratio for accidental overdoses during periods when individuals received treatment compared with periods when they did not (hazard ratio=0.82, 95% CI=0.70, 0.96). Buprenorphine was associated with reduced arrest rates for all crime categories (i.e., violent, nonviolent, and substance-related) as well as reduction in accidental overdoses (hazard ratio= 0.75, 95% 0=0.60, 0.93). For methadone, there were significant reductions in the rate of suicidal behaviors (hazard ratio=0.60, 95% CI=0.40 -0.88) as well as reductions in all crime categories. However, there was an increased risk for accidental overdoses among individuals taking methadone (hazard ratio=1.25, 95% CI =1.13, 1.38).Conclusions: Medications currently used to treat alcohol and opioid use disorders also appear to reduce suicidality and crime during treatment.
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| 17. |
- Möller, Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Mentalizing in Young Offenders
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychoanalytic psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0736-9735 .- 1939-1331. ; 31:1, s. 84-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to prevent relapse into criminality, it is important to understand what precedes criminal behavior. Two earlier studies found deficits in mentalizing ability to be related to violent and criminal actions. Mentalizing refers to the ability to make human behavior predictable and meaningful by inferring mental states (thoughts, feelings, etc.) as explaining behavior. In this study, mentalizing ability was assessed by rating 42 Adult Attachment Interviews with young male offenders with the Reflective Functioning (RF) scale. In addition, specific mentalizing ability about their crimes was assessed, as well as psychopathy traits (Psychopathy Checklist, Screening Version [PCL: SV]) and alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale [TAS]). Results suggest impaired mentalizing in criminal offenders. Examples of anti- and prementalizing reasoning about crimes are presented. RF scores were not correlated with the PCL:SV or TAS.
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| 18. |
- Nilholm, Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of a 4-Week Starch- and Sucrose-Reduced Diet and Its Effects on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Inflammatory Parameters among Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dietary advice constitutes a treatment strategy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We aimed to examine the effect of a starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD) on gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS patients, in relation to dietary intake and systemic inflammatory parameters. IBS patients (n = 105) were randomized to a 4-week SSRD intervention (n = 80) receiving written and verbal dietary advice focused on starch and sucrose reduction and increased intake of protein, fat and dairy, or control group (n = 25; habitual diet). At baseline and 4 weeks, blood was sampled, and participants filled out IBS-SSS, VAS-IBS, and Rome IV questionnaires and dietary registrations. C-reactive protein and cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-18 were analyzed from plasma. At 4 weeks, the intervention group displayed lower total IBS-SSS, 'abdominal pain', 'bloating/flatulence' and 'intestinal symptoms´ influence on daily life' scores (p ≤ 0.001 for all) compared to controls, and a 74%, responder rate (RR = ΔTotal IBS-SSS ≥ -50; RRcontrols = 24%). Median values of sucrose (5.4 vs. 20 g), disaccharides (16 vs. 28 g), starch (22 vs. 82 g) and carbohydrates (88 vs. 182 g) were lower for the intervention group compared to controls (p ≤ 0.002 for all), and energy percentages (E%) of protein (21 vs. 17 E%, p = 0.006) and fat (47 vs. 38 E%, p = 0.002) were higher. Sugar-, starch- and carbohydrate-reductions correlated weakly-moderately with total IBS-SSS decrease for all participants. Inflammatory parameters were unaffected. IBS patients display high compliance to the SSRD, with improved gastrointestinal symptoms but unaltered inflammatory parameters. In conclusion, the SSRD constitutes a promising dietary treatment for IBS, but needs to be further researched and compared to established dietary treatments before it could be used in a clinical setting.
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| 19. |
- Norrlin, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Sedimentundersökningar i svenska kustområden 2021 : Rapport inom regeringsup pdraget RUFS
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Regeringen gav 2019 i uppdrag till ett antal myndigheter, under ledning av Naturvårdsverket, att förbättra kunskapen om förorenade sediment. Denna rapport redovisar fältundersökningar utförda av Sveriges geologiska undersökning utmed Sveriges kust, ett delprojekt inom uppdraget där även Naturvårdsverket, Havs- och vattenmyndigheten och länsstyrelserna har medverkat. Resultaten bidrar till en förbättrad nationell överblick och kunskapsgrund för prioriteringar av kommande inventeringar och åtgärder av förorenade sediment. De kan också tjäna som underlag för fortsatt utveckling av inventeringsmetodik.Inledningsvis valdes vattenområden ut utifrån bedömd påverkansbild från pågående miljöfarlig verksamhet och förorenade områden från tidigare verksamheter. Urvalet förfinades i dialog med berörda länsstyrelser. Efter en genomgång av befintlig information, till exempel tidigare undersökningar, sjökort och geologiska kartor, utformades mer detaljerade undersökningsområden. Utformningen gjordes så att bottnar belägna såväl nära intill som på något längre avstånd från potentiella föroreningskällor kom att ingå. Detta gjordes för att försöka få en uppfattning om hur långt från källorna föroreningar spridits till sediment. Efter prioriteringar kom 16 sådana områden, ett i varje kustlän, att bli undersökta. Fältarbetet utfördes under 2021. Det inleddes i varje område med hydroakustiska undersökningar, det vill säga mätningar med olika slags ekolod. Resultaten av dessa indikerar var på bottnarna det kan finnas sediment avsatta under industrialismen och som kan vara påverkade av mänskliga aktiviteter. Med detta som underlag planerades sedimentprovtagningen. Totalt hämtades sediment från 70 provlokaler upp för geologisk beskrivning. Vid fältbesiktningen visade sig 66 av dessa bestå av sediment med förutsättningar att kunna innehålla föroreningar. Från dessa togs delprov för miljökemisk analys ut från ytligt sediment och i de flesta fall även från en nivå något djupare ner. De analyser som utförts visar enligt etablerade bedömningsgrunder att föroreningsgraden av ett eller flera ämnen är hög inom varje undersökningsområde. En jämförelse mellan områdena visar att föroreningshalterna oftast, men inte alltid, är högre i områden med komplex potentiell påverkansbild från långvariga industriella verksamheter i kombination med närhet till större städer.I 68 % av 123 sedimentprover uppmättes vid analys ”mycket höga halter”, det vill säga tillståndsklass 5 enligt svenska statistiska bedömningsgrunder, av minst ett ämne. Ofta påträffades metallerna koppar, zink, bly och kvicksilver samt de organiska ämnena PAH11, PCB7, ∑DDT och TBT med dess nedbrytningsprodukter MBT och DBT i mycket höga halter. När det gäller dioxiner och furaner (PCDD/F), så uppmättes som högst halter i tillståndsklass 4, det vill säga ”Dårlig”, enligt de norska bedömningsgrunder som använts.För koppar, bly, kadmium, antracen, fluoranten, TBT och siloxanen D5, vilkas uppmätta halter kan bedömas utifrån Havs- och vattenmyndighetens effektbaserade bedömningsgrunder, överskreds minst ett ämnes bedömningsgrund i 87 % av proverna. Antracen och TBT är de ämnen som oftast överskred sina respektive bedömningsgrunder.Därutöver har ett stort antal ämnen som saknar etablerad bedömningsgrund påträffats i mycket varierande halter.I undersökningsområden som tar emot renat vatten från avloppsreningsverk utfördes analys av läkemedel. Sju av 41 läkemedelssubstanser påträffades i mätbara halter. Det antidepressiva läkemedlet citalopram påvisades i tolv av proven vilket var mest frekvent. Därutöver påträffades även ciprofloxacin, diklofenak, klaritromycin, alfuzosin, orphenadrin och trimetoprim.För att uppskatta effekten på levande organismer i vattenmiljön utfördes även så kallade toxicitetstester enligt CALUX-metoden avseende dioxinlika ämnen, PAH:er och östrogenlika ämnen. Resultaten från dessa analyser uppvisar över lag stor samvariation med kemiskt uppmätta halter av respektive ämnesgrupp. Responsen på dioxinlika ämnen indikerar dessutom att det finns fler föreningar än PCDD/F och DL-PCB som ger upphov till dioxinlika effekter. Toxicitetstester kan på detta sätt utgöra ett viktigt komplement till kemiska analyser.En erfarenhet från denna och liknande undersökningar är att sammanställningar av tillgänglig information om påverkanskällor och sedimentgeologiska förhållanden i vattenområden är mycket viktiga underlag för att prioritera vilka områden som bör undersökas. Träffsäkerheten i detta förfarande kan förväntas öka varefter fler områden undersöks i framtiden och kunskapen ökar om föroreningars koppling till olika källor. Kommande fältundersökningar bör utföras med så jämförbara metoder som möjligt, och erfarenheterna från fältmetoderna som tillämpats under regeringsuppdraget kan bidra med viktig kunskap. Fler metodstudier, förslagsvis i samverkan med andra aktörer som undersöker förorenade sediment, skulle ytterligare kunna balansera omfattning och noggrannhet i såväl inledande ekolodsmätningar (hydroakustik) som provtagningsteknik. Detta skulle bidra till att uppnå undersökningsresultat med tillräcklig kvalitet så kostnadseffektivt som möjligt. Fler undersökningar skulle även bidra med underlag till bedömningsgrunder för miljöföroreningar som hittills saknar sådana.Behoven av fortsatt arbete och åtgärder för att komma till rätta med förorenade sediment kommer att redovisas i Naturvårdsverkets slutredovisning av regeringsuppdraget i början av 2023.
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| 20. |
- Odhnoff, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Kostnad och nytta av föräldraskapsstödet ABC - Slutrapportering av uppdrag i Göteborgs Stads budget 2022
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Göteborgs Stads budget 2022 fick de fyra socialnämnderna i uppdrag att ta fram en modell för att göra samhällsekonomiska analyser av insatser mot rekrytering av unga till kriminella gäng. Vi fyra socialförvaltningar inledde därför ett samarbete med RISE och påbörjade en pilotstudie där vi kunde utveckla en sådan modell och pröva den i ett avgränsat sammanhang. Vi riktade in studien på det generella föräldraskapsstödsprogrammet Alla barn i centrum (ABC). Socialförvaltningarna och RISE tog tillsammans fram en teoretisk modell där vi med hjälp av tidigare forskning kopplade föräldrars deltagande i ABC till minskat utagerande beteende hos deras barn. Utagerande beteende kan medföra kostnader för skolan genom stödinsatser. Det är också en riskfaktor för kriminalitet, och gick därmed att koppla till insatser från socialtjänsten. På så sätt kunde vi jämföra de kostnader staden har för ABC med uppskattade framtida minskningar i kostnader för skolinsatser och socialtjänstinsatser. På grund av att det var få tjejer som fått insatser för kriminalitet var vi tvungna att avgränsa modellen till att endast inkludera pojkar. Dataunderlaget för tjejer var för litet för att det skulle bli säkert att räkna på. Det skulle dock vara möjligt att inkludera tjejerna i modellen med ett större dataunderlag i framtiden. Våra analyser med hjälp av modellen har visat att det sannolikt är ekonomiskt lönsamt för staden att tillhandahålla ABC för pojkar. Den uppskattade nyttan, i form av minskade kostnader för stödinsatser i skola och socialtjänstinsatser mot kriminalitet för pojkar under åldern 13–20 år, var ungefär dubbelt så stor som kostnaden för att tillhandahålla ABC till föräldrarna någon gång när pojkarna var 12 år eller yngre. Varje deltagare kostade staden 7684 kronor men innebar sedan nytta motsvarande 14 003 kronor. Uppdelat per verksamhet så var nyttan per deltagare 10 843 kronor för socialtjänsten och 3160 kronor för skolan.
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| 21. |
- Ohlsson, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Irregular dietary habits with a high intake of cereals and sweets are associated with more severe gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS patients.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 11:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dietary advice constitutes one of the first choices of treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We have recognized an increased prevalence of sucrase-isomaltase (SI) gene variants in IBS patients, possibly rendering starch- and sucrose-intolerance. The aims were to examine participants’ dietary habits at baseline, to correlate habits with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and blood levels of minerals and vitamins, and to examine the effect of a starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD) on GI symptoms. In the study 105 IBS patients (82 women, 46.06 ± 13.11 years), irritable bowel syndrome-symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS)>175, were randomized to SSRD for 2 weeks or continued ordinary eating habits. Blood samples, visual analog scale for irritable bowel syndrome (VAS-IBS), IBS-SSS, and 4-day food diaries were collected at baseline and after 2 weeks. Patients with irregular dietary habits exhibited higher IBS-SSS than patients with regular habits (p = 0.029). Women already on a diet had lower ferritin levels than others (p = 0.029). The intervention led to 66.3% of patients being responders, with differences in the change of IBS-SSS (p < 0.001), abdominal pain (p = 0.001), diarrhea (p = 0.002), bloating and flatulence (p = 0.005), psychological well-being (p = 0.048), and intestinal symptoms’ influence on daily life (p < 0.001), compared to controls. Decreased intake of cereals and sweets/soft drinks correlated with decreased scores.
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| 22. |
- Parodis, Ioannis, et al.
(författare)
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ALCAM and VCAM-1 as urine biomarkers of activity and long-term renal outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2020
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Ingår i: Rheumatology. - : Oxford University Press. - 1462-0324 .- 1462-0332. ; 59:9, s. 2237-2249
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: We investigated the cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) Vascular CAM 1 (VCAM-1) and Activated Leucocyte CAM (ALCAM) as urinary biomarkers in SLE patients with and without renal involvement.METHODS: Female SLE patients (n = 111) and non-SLE population-based controls (n = 99) were enrolled. We measured renal activity using the renal domain of the BILAG index and urine (U) and plasma (P) concentrations of soluble (s)VCAM 1 and U-sALCAM using ELISA. U-sCAM levels were next corrected by U-creatinine.RESULTS: U-sVCAM-1/creatinine and U-sALCAM/creatinine ratios were higher in SLE patients vs non-SLE controls (P < 0.001 for both), as well as in patients with active/low-active (BILAG A-C; n = 11) vs quiescent (BILAG D; n = 19) LN (P = 0.023 and P = 0.001, respectively). U-sALCAM/creatinine but not U-sVCAM-1/creatinine ratios were higher in patients with nephritis history (BILAG A-D; n = 30) vs non-renal SLE (BILAG E; n = 79) (P = 0.014). Patients with baseline U-sVCAM-1/creatinine ratios ≥75th percentile showed a 23-fold increased risk of a deterioration in estimated glomerular filtration rate by ≥25% during a 10-year follow-up (odds ratio: 22.9; 95% CI: 2.8, 189.2; P = 0.004); this association remained significant after adjustments for age, disease duration and organ damage. Traditional markers including anti-dsDNA antibodies did not predict this outcome.CONCLUSION: While high U-sVCAM-1 levels appear to reflect SLE disease activity, sALCAM might have particular importance in renal SLE. Both U-sVCAM-1 and U-sALCAM showed ability to distinguish SLE patients with active renal involvement from patients with quiescent or no prior nephritis. High U-sVCAM-1 levels may indicate patients at increased risk for long-term renal function loss.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Quinn, Patrick D., et al.
(författare)
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Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and the development of adolescent alcohol problems : A prospective, population-based study of Swedish twins
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B. - Hoboken, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 1552-4841 .- 1552-485X. ; 171:7, s. 958-970
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk of problematic alcohol and other substance use in adolescence. This study used data from an ongoing, prospective, population-based twin study of Swedish children and adolescents to evaluate the extent to which the association between ADHD symptoms and alcohol problems reflects a unique source of genetic or environmental risk related to ADHD versus a broader predisposition to youth externalizing behavior. We used all available data from same-sex monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins on ADHD symptoms in childhood (age 9/12; N = 15,549) and alcohol problems in late adolescence (age 18; N = 2,564). Consistent with prior longitudinal studies, the phenotypic association between hyperactive/impulsive ADHD symptoms and alcohol problems was small in magnitude, whereas the association for inattentive symptoms was even weaker. Additive genetic influences explained 99.8% of the association between hyperactive/impulsive symptoms and alcohol problems. Furthermore, we found that the genetic risk specifically associated with hyperactive/impulsive symptoms was attenuated when estimated in the context of externalizing behavior liability during childhood, of which ADHD symptoms were specific expressions. In sensitivity analyses exploring hyperactivity in mid-adolescence, we found a similar pattern of genetic associations. These results are consistent with previous findings of genetically driven overlap in the etiology of ADHD and problematic alcohol use. At least some of this co-occurrence may result from a general predisposition to externalizing behaviors in youth. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 25. |
- Rescorla, Leslie, et al.
(författare)
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International Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology II: Integration and Applications of Dimensional Findings From 44 Societies
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-8567. ; 51:12, s. 1273-1283
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To build on Achenbach, Rescorla, and Ivanova (2012) by (a) reporting new international findings for parent, teacher, and self-ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self-Report, and Teacher's Report Form; (b) testing the fit of syndrome models to new data from 17 societies, including previously underrepresented regions; (c) testing effects of society gender, and age in 44 societies by integrating new and previous data; (d) testing cross-society correlations between mean item ratings; (e) describing the construction of multisociety norms; (f) illustrating clinical applications. Method: Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) of parent, teacher, and self-ratings, performed separately for each society; tests of societal, gender, and age effects on dimensional syndrome scales, DSM-oriented scales, Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems scales; tests of agreement between low, medium, and high ratings of problem items across societies. Results: CFAs supported the tested syndrome models in all societies according to the primary fit index (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA]), but less consistently according to other indices; effect sizes were small-to-medium for societal differences in scale scores, but very small for gender, age, and interactions with society; items received similarly low, medium, or high ratings in different societies; problem scores from 44 societies fit three sets of multisociety norms. Conclusions: Statistically derived syndrome models fit parent, teacher, and self-ratings when tested individually in all 44 societies according to RMSEAs (but less consistently according to other indices). Small to medium differences in scale scores among societies supported the use of low-, medium-, and high-scoring norms in clinical assessment of individual children. J. Am. Acad. Child Aclolesc. Psychiatry; 2012; 51(12):1273-1283.
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| 26. |
- Sjölie, Daniel, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of Research on Immersive Learning Environments and Education in Welding
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production through Advanced Manufacturing, Intelligent Automation and Work Integrated Learning. - : IOS Press. - 9781643685106 - 9781643685113 ; , s. 660-671
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integration of virtual reality (VR) laboratories into welding education presents an array of potential advantages. It can be used at campus or in distance, and it offers an alternative when access to traditional laboratories is challenging. The economic benefits, including savings on material preparation and energy costs, along with the environmental, health and safety advantages of mitigating exposure to welding fumes, arc radiation, and electrical hazards, add further value and contribute to sustainability in welding education. The work presented here is an example of the integration of education in the areas of welding and informatics and research on immersive learning. A multidisciplinary team worked on the development of an immersive learning environment, including virtual laboratory areas for welding processes as well as for microstructural inspection of welds.During the project, this learning environment, and the contained virtual laboratories, have been implemented by the researchers with the support from IT students, and tested, and improved with the feedback provided by students in welding technology, materials science, and manufacturing courses. Overall, more than twenty students from Informatics have been involved throughout the project, resulting in five bachelor theses, three master theses, three course projects in Immersive computing, and two course projects focusing on web development. The involvement of IT students has not only supported the development of the virtual learning environment, but it has also created new avenues for future research and developments in immersive computing.
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| 27. |
- Stern, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Is pregnancy planning associated with background characteristics and pregnancy-planning behavior?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 95:2, s. 182-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Prevalence of planned pregnancies varies between countries but is often measured in a dichotomous manner. The aim of this study was to investigate to what level pregnant women had planned their pregnancies and whether pregnancy planning was associated with background characteristics and pregnancy-planning behavior. Material and methodsA cross-sectional study that utilized the baseline measurements from the Swedish Pregnancy Planning study. Pregnant women (n = 3390) recruited at antenatal clinics answered a questionnaire. Data were analyzed with multinomial logistic regression, Kruskal-Wallis H and chi-squared tests ResultsThree of four pregnancies were very or fairly planned and 12% fairly or very unplanned. Of women with very unplanned pregnancies, 32% had considered an induced abortion. Women with planned pregnancies were more likely to have a higher level of education, higher household income, to be currently working (50%) and to have longer relationships than women with unplanned pregnancies. The level of pregnancy planning was associated with planning behavior, such as information-seeking and intake of folic acid, but without a reduction in alcohol consumption. One-third of all women took folic acid 1 month prior to conception, 17% used tobacco daily and 11% used alcohol weekly 3 months before conception ConclusionsA majority rated their pregnancy as very or fairly planned, with socio-economic factors as explanatory variables. The level of pregnancy planning should be queried routinely to enable individualized counseling, especially for women with unplanned pregnancies. Preconception recommendations need to be established and communicated to the public to increase health promoting planning behavior
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Tükenmez, Hasan, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Corticosteroids protect infected cells against mycobacterial killing in vitro
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 511:1, s. 117-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of corticosteroids on human physiology is complex and their use in tuberculosis patients remains controversial. In a high-throughput screening approach designed to discover virulence inhibitors, several corticosteroids were found to prevent cytolysis of fibroblasts infected with mycobacteria. Further experiments with Mycobacterium tuberculosis showed anti-cytolytic activity in the 10 nM range, but no effect on bacterial growth or survival in the absence of host cells at 20 mu M. The results from a panel of corticosteroids with various affinities to the glucocorticoid- and mineralocorticoid receptors indicate that the inhibition of cytolysis most likely is mediated through the glucocorticoid receptor. Using live-imaging of M. tuberculosis-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages, we also show that corticosteroids to some extent control intracellular bacteria. In vitro systems with reduced complexity are to further study and understand the interactions between bacterial infection, immune defense and cell signaling. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Tydén, Tanja, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy planning in Sweden : a pilot study among 270 women attending antenatal clinics
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 90:4, s. 408-412
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveHealth status and lifestyle before and at the time of conception could affect the health of both mother and child, but there is a lack of knowledge about the degree to which pregnancies are planned. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether and how women plan their pregnancies.Material and methodsThe main outcome measures were use of timetables, ovulation tests and lifestyle changes. Women (n = 322) visiting four antenatal clinics were asked to fill out a questionnaire (participation rate = 83.9%, n = 270).ResultsThree of four pregnancies (n = 202) were very or rather well planned, whereas 4.4% (n = 12) were totally unplanned. During the planning period, 37.1% (n = 100) made up a timetable for getting pregnant, 23% (n = 62) used ovulation tests, 20.7% (n = 56) took folic acid and 10.4% (n = 28) changed alcohol consumption.ConclusionAlthough a majority of these women had planned pregnancies, only one in five had taken folic acid during the planning period.
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| 32. |
- Törn, Peggy, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood neurodevelopmental problems and adolescent bully victimization : population-based, prospective twin study in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - New York, USA : Springer. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 24:9, s. 1049-1059
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bully victimization is a common problem among children with neurodevelopmental disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Previous research was mostly cross-sectional and seldom accounted for co-morbid psychopathology, which makes it difficult to draw conclusions about causality and specificity of any association. Using a genetically informative prospective design, we investigated the association between various neurodevelopmental problems (NDPs) in childhood and bully victimization in adolescence, and the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to this association. We obtained parent-reports of NDPs at age 9/12 years and self-reported bully victimization at age 15 for 3,921 children participating in the The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS). Structural equation modelling was used to control for NDP co-morbidity and bully victimization at baseline. Cholesky decomposition was used to analyse genetic and environmental contributions to observed associations. Because most of the NDPs were associated to later bully victimization, a common effect of all NDPs was summarized into a general NDP factor. Controlling for this general factor, only problems with social interaction and motor control uniquely predicted subsequent bully victimization in girls. General and unique associations were influenced by both genetic and unique environmental factors. NDPs in general and social interaction and motor problems in particular predicted later bully victimization. The longitudinal design and twin analyses indicated that these associations might be causal. Knowledge of these vulnerabilities may be important when designing risk assessment and prevention strategies.
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| 33. |
- Wang, Xinchen, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines and Z-drugs in humans and risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring : A systematic review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 137
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- When used during pregnancy, benzodiazepines (BZDs) and related z-drugs could pass readily through the placenta and the foetal blood-brain barrier, where they can bind to γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) receptors in the developing foetal brain. Yet, data on long-term safety of prenatal BZD and z-drug use and its impact on offspring neurodevelopment are inconclusive. In this systematic review, we qualitatively synthetize the existing evidence on maternal exposure to various BZDs and z-drugs during pregnancy and offspring cognitive, emotional, behavioural, and motor skills developmental outcomes. Nineteen studies were included. We used harvest plots to visualize the directions of reported associations. Despite several associations between distinct types of BZDs and z-drugs and an increased risk of outcomes within different neurodevelopmental domains were observed, a remarkable scarcity of overall research on the topic and considerable discrepancies in methodology, particularly towards controlling for confounding by indication, precluded drawing conclusions with a reasonable degree of certainty. We outline various research strategies to mitigate methodological limitations and provide directions for future empirical studies on the topic. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021265828).
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| 34. |
- Zachrisson, Lina, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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SolVis: A pilot study to facilitate understanding of real-time solar energy production through energy visualizations in learning environments
- 2023
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 1196:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transition to a carbon neutral society requires actions on all levels of society. Hereby, renewable energy - especially considering the current European energy crisis – such as solar energy will play an increasing role. To promote a more extensive use of solar energy and thus contributing to a faster energy transition, it is valuable to engage all citizens, not least children. How can real-time visualization of solar energy production in learning environments contribute to increased understanding of energy production and consumption? Educational environments can be a powerful platform to cultivate an interest in more environmentally andsustainable behaviour at an early age. However, energy is intangible, abstract, and difficult to grasp for non-experts. Digital tools incorporating energy visualization may be able to facilitate an increased understanding of energy units and measurements. The City of Gothenburg, Sweden, has the ambition to place photovoltaics on all roofs of schools and kindergartens, a process that is already in progress. The solar energy production is measured in real-time and only used for building operation management. This paper presents a study that develops a concept for a digital and educational visualization tool for school children aged 9 to 12, with the goal to engage, facilitate a lasting learning outcome, and awaken curiosity in solar energy. A prototype of a real-time visualization tool was developed, which in a playful way visualises the solar electricity production of the school property and compares it to the energy consumption of everyday activities, displayed on a centrally placed screen in the school. It was installed in four pilot schools and evaluated with 233 pupils. Results indicate several potentials of the visualization: to communicate local solar energy production to pupils, triggering thoughts, ideas, and a will to continue to learn more about solar energy production.
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| 35. |
- Zhou, Nian
(författare)
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Influence of grinding operations on surface integrity and chloride induced stress corrosion cracking of stainless steels
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stainless steels were developed in the early 20th century and are used where both the mechanical properties of steels and corrosion resistance are required. There is continuous research to allow stainless steel components to be produced in a more economical way and be used in more harsh environments. A necessary component in this effort is to correlate the service performance with the production processes.The central theme of this thesis is the mechanical grinding process. This is commonly used for producing stainless steel components, and results in varied surface properties that will strongly affect their service life. The influence of grinding parameters including abrasive grit size, machine power and grinding lubricant were studied for 304L austenitic stainless steel (Paper II) and 2304 duplex stainless steel (Paper I). Surface integrity was proved to vary significantly with different grinding parameters. Abrasive grit size was found to have the largest influence. Surface defects (deep grooves, smearing, adhesive/cold welding chips and indentations), a highly deformed surface layer up to a few microns in thickness and the generation of high level tensile residual stresses in the surface layer along the grinding direction were observed as the main types of damage when grinding stainless steels. A large degree of residual stress anisotropy is interpreted as being due to mechanical effects dominating over thermal effects.The effect of grinding on stress corrosion cracking behaviour of 304L austenitic stainless steel in a chloride environment was also investigated (Paper III). Depending on the surface conditions, the actual loading by four-point bend was found to deviate from the calculated value using the formula according to ASTM G39 by different amounts. Grinding-induced surface tensile residual stress was suggested as the main factor to cause micro-cracks initiation on the ground surfaces. Grinding along the loading direction was proved to increase the susceptibility to chloride-induced SCC, while grinding perpendicular to the loading direction improved SCC resistance.The knowledge obtained from this work can provide a reference for choosing appropriate grinding parameters when fabricating stainless steel components; and can also be used to help understanding the failure mechanism of ground stainless steel components during service.
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