SwePub - sökning: WFRF:(Larsson Hanna)

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1.	Allard, Christina, et al. (författare) Rasbiologiskt språkbruk i statens rättsprocess mot sameby : DN Debatt 2015-06-11 2015 Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.
2.	Edberg, Hanna, et al. (författare) Clinical Characteristics and Pharmacological Treatment of Individuals With and Without Intellectual Disability in Pre-trial Assessment : A Population-Based Study 2020 Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-0640. ; 11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: The current lack of knowledge about intellectual disability (ID) in forensic psychiatric contexts can compromise the legal certainty of these individuals during the medico-legal process. To address ambiguous results in previous literature, the aim of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of ID in a pre-trial forensic psychiatric settings. Moreover, as little is known about the characteristics of offenders with ID, we conducted a clinical characterization of individuals with and without ID being subject to forensic psychiatric assessment.Methods: Using data from several Swedish national registers, we conducted a population-based retrospective observational study on 8,442 individuals being subject to pre-trial forensic psychiatric assessments in Sweden in 1997–2013. We performed univariate analyses to compare the characteristics of individuals with (n = 537) and without ID (n = 7,905).Results: The prevalence of ID was 6.4% in the Swedish pre-trial forensic psychiatric context during the observational period. Compared with individuals without ID, individuals with ID were younger at the time of assessment, had a lower educational level, and had less frequently started families. ID was associated with lower frequency of diagnosed psychotic and bipolar disorders. However, a similar prescription rate of antipsychotics, and a comparable rate of previous inpatient care was observed among individuals with and without ID. Individuals with ID had more often been prescribed anti-libidinal treatments often used for treating sexual disorders, although did not present a higher prevalence of sexual disorder.Conclusions: The prevalence of ID among pre-trial individuals being subject to forensic psychiatric assessment was more than twice as high as assumed in the general population. Our results suggest that individuals with ID received pharmacotherapy without clear indication. Remaining challenges in the clinical management of individuals with ID were indicated by the discrepancy between the occurrence of psychiatric diagnoses, pharmacological treatment patterns, and rates of inpatient care.
3.	Johansson, Charlotta, et al. (författare) Planering och utformning för ett ökat gående : Litteraturstudie, expertseminarium och trafik- och stadsplanerares syn på utemiljöns förutsättningar för gångtrafik 2012 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Trafikverket (The Swedish Transport Administration) provides funding for the project"Traffic Planning to Support Increased Walking – Systematic Improvement of Conditions forTravelling by Foot ". The project studies how pedestrians choose their route, why somephenomena become obstacles/are perceived as risky or, on the contrary, encourage walking.This report, the first in the project, includes a literature review, interviews with traffic andurban planners in local government, and an expert seminar. The findings of the three studieswill then serve as a basis for further work.Interviews of local government contacts and the expert seminar are considered to be verysuccessful working methods to find out about the opinions and experience of those currentlyworking with walking-related issues. All participants have been willing to assist and to sharetheir work and experience and were aware of the role of walking in the overall transportsystem, and its part in a sustainable transport system.The study has led to the conclusion that the concepts choice of means of transport – choice ofroute –built environment (for pedestrians) have been shown to be key in the sphere ofplanning for pedestrians and walking as a mode of transport. It is also of key importance topromote walking as a mode of transport where there are positive effects on health.Society needs to give greater scope to walking-related issues and to establish the idea ofpedestrian traffic as a norm, thereby raising its status. This work also includes defining therelevant actors relating to walking-related issues.It is also of interest to make an assessment of the groups which it is easiest to encourage towalk, and to investigate and describe the difference between everyday travel for a specificpurpose, to work and school, and walking for recreation and exercise in order to be better ableto improve planning for walking as a mode of transport.There is insufficient data to describe and quantify walking and there is a lack of methods tomeasure walking. The knowledge of town planning, which is still at a general level regardingthe network and the density of the pedestrian network, should also be highlighted.The overall conclusion is that it is important to demonstrate the importance of walking, andthat walking as a mode of transport should be a normative component of planning.
4.	Lång, Kristina, et al. (författare) Artificial intelligence-supported screen reading versus standard double reading in the Mammography Screening with Artificial Intelligence trial (MASAI) : a clinical safety analysis of a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority, single-blinded, screening accuracy study 2023 Ingår i: The Lancet. Oncology. - 1474-5488. ; 24:8, s. 936-944 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Retrospective studies have shown promising results using artificial intelligence (AI) to improve mammography screening accuracy and reduce screen-reading workload; however, to our knowledge, a randomised trial has not yet been conducted. We aimed to assess the clinical safety of an AI-supported screen-reading protocol compared with standard screen reading by radiologists following mammography.METHODS: In this randomised, controlled, population-based trial, women aged 40-80 years eligible for mammography screening (including general screening with 1·5-2-year intervals and annual screening for those with moderate hereditary risk of breast cancer or a history of breast cancer) at four screening sites in Sweden were informed about the study as part of the screening invitation. Those who did not opt out were randomly allocated (1:1) to AI-supported screening (intervention group) or standard double reading without AI (control group). Screening examinations were automatically randomised by the Picture Archive and Communications System with a pseudo-random number generator after image acquisition. The participants and the radiographers acquiring the screening examinations, but not the radiologists reading the screening examinations, were masked to study group allocation. The AI system (Transpara version 1.7.0) provided an examination-based malignancy risk score on a 10-level scale that was used to triage screening examinations to single reading (score 1-9) or double reading (score 10), with AI risk scores (for all examinations) and computer-aided detection marks (for examinations with risk score 8-10) available to the radiologists doing the screen reading. Here we report the prespecified clinical safety analysis, to be done after 80 000 women were enrolled, to assess the secondary outcome measures of early screening performance (cancer detection rate, recall rate, false positive rate, positive predictive value [PPV] of recall, and type of cancer detected [invasive or in situ]) and screen-reading workload. Analyses were done in the modified intention-to-treat population (ie, all women randomly assigned to a group with one complete screening examination, excluding women recalled due to enlarged lymph nodes diagnosed with lymphoma). The lowest acceptable limit for safety in the intervention group was a cancer detection rate of more than 3 per 1000 participants screened. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04838756, and is closed to accrual; follow-up is ongoing to assess the primary endpoint of the trial, interval cancer rate.FINDINGS: Between April 12, 2021, and July 28, 2022, 80 033 women were randomly assigned to AI-supported screening (n=40 003) or double reading without AI (n=40 030). 13 women were excluded from the analysis. The median age was 54·0 years (IQR 46·7-63·9). Race and ethnicity data were not collected. AI-supported screening among 39 996 participants resulted in 244 screen-detected cancers, 861 recalls, and a total of 46 345 screen readings. Standard screening among 40 024 participants resulted in 203 screen-detected cancers, 817 recalls, and a total of 83 231 screen readings. Cancer detection rates were 6·1 (95% CI 5·4-6·9) per 1000 screened participants in the intervention group, above the lowest acceptable limit for safety, and 5·1 (4·4-5·8) per 1000 in the control group-a ratio of 1·2 (95% CI 1·0-1·5; p=0·052). Recall rates were 2·2% (95% CI 2·0-2·3) in the intervention group and 2·0% (1·9-2·2) in the control group. The false positive rate was 1·5% (95% CI 1·4-1·7) in both groups. The PPV of recall was 28·3% (95% CI 25·3-31·5) in the intervention group and 24·8% (21·9-28·0) in the control group. In the intervention group, 184 (75%) of 244 cancers detected were invasive and 60 (25%) were in situ; in the control group, 165 (81%) of 203 cancers were invasive and 38 (19%) were in situ. The screen-reading workload was reduced by 44·3% using AI.INTERPRETATION: AI-supported mammography screening resulted in a similar cancer detection rate compared with standard double reading, with a substantially lower screen-reading workload, indicating that the use of AI in mammography screening is safe. The trial was thus not halted and the primary endpoint of interval cancer rate will be assessed in 100 000 enrolled participants after 2-years of follow up.FUNDING: Swedish Cancer Society, Confederation of Regional Cancer Centres, and the Swedish governmental funding for clinical research (ALF).
5.	Möller, Marit, et al. (författare) An easy-to-use high-throughput selection system for the discovery of recombinant protein binders from alternative scaffold libraries 2023 Ingår i: Protein Engineering Design & Selection. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1741-0126 .- 1741-0134. ; 36 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
6.	Nilsson, R. Henrik, 1976, et al. (författare) Improving ITS sequence data for identification of plant pathogenic fungi 2014 Ingår i: Fungal Diversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 67:1, s. 11-19 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Plant pathogenic fungi are a large and diverse assemblage of eukaryotes with substantial impacts on natural ecosystems and human endeavours. These taxa often have complex and poorly understood life cycles, lack observable, discriminatory morphological characters, and may not be amenable to in vitro culturing. As a result, species identification is frequently difficult. Molecular (DNA sequence) data have emerged as crucial information for the taxonomic identification of plant pathogenic fungi, with the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region being the most popular marker. However, international nucleotide sequence databases are accumulating numerous sequences of compromised or low-resolution taxonomic annotations and substandard technical quality, making their use in the molecular identification of plant pathogenic fungi problematic. Here we report on a concerted effort to identify high-quality reference sequences for various plant pathogenic fungi and to re-annotate incorrectly or insufficiently annotated public ITS sequences from these fungal lineages. A third objective was to enrich the sequences with geographical and ecological metadata. The results – a total of 31,954 changes – are incorporated in and made available through the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi (http://unite.ut.ee), including standalone FASTA files of sequence data for local BLAST searches, use in the next-generation sequencing analysis platforms QIIME and mothur, and related applications. The present initiative is just a beginning to cover the wide spectrum of plant pathogenic fungi, and we invite all researchers with pertinent expertise to join the annotation effort.
7.	Wester, Axel, et al. (författare) An Increased Diagnostic Sensitivity of Truncated GAD65 Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes May Be Related to HLA-DQ8 2017 Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 66:3, s. 735-740 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract N-terminally truncated (96-585) GAD65 (tGAD65) autoantibodies may better delineate type 1 diabetes than full-length GAD65 (fGAD65) autoantibodies. We aimed to compare the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity between fGAD65 and tGAD65 autoantibodies for type 1 diabetes in relation to HLA-DQ. Sera from children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (n = 654) and healthy control subjects (n = 605) were analyzed in radiobinding assays for fGAD65 (fGADA), tGAD65 (tGADA), and commercial (125)I-GAD65 (RSRGADA) autoantibodies. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in the receiver operating characteristic curve did not differ between fGADA and tGADA. At the optimal cutoff, the diagnostic sensitivity for fGADA was lower than tGADA at similar diagnostic specificities. In 619 patients, 64% were positive for RSRGADA compared with 68% for fGADA and 74% for tGADA. Using non-DQ2/non-DQ8 patients as reference, the risk of being diagnosed with fGADA and tGADA was increased in patients with DQ2/2 and DQ2/8. Notably, logistic regression analysis suggested that DQ8/8 patients had an increased risk to be diagnosed with tGADA (P = 0.003) compared with fGADA (P = 0.09). tGADA had a higher diagnostic sensitivity for type 1 diabetes than both fGADA and RSRGADA. As DQ8/8 patients represent 10-11% of patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes <18 years of age, tGADA analysis should prove useful for disease classification.
8.	Aare, Sudhakar, et al. (författare) Mechanisms underlying the sparing of masticatory versus limb muscle function in an experimental critical illness model 2011 Ingår i: Physiological Genomics. - : American Physiological Society. - 1094-8341 .- 1531-2267. ; 43:24, s. 1334-1350 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Acute quadriplegic myopathy (AQM) is a common debilitating acquired disorder in critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients which is characterized by tetraplegia/generalized weakness of limb and trunk muscles. Masticatory muscles, on the other hand, are typically spared or less affected, yet the mechanisms underlying this striking muscle-specific difference remain unknown. This study aims to evaluate physiological parameters and the gene expression profiles of masticatory and limb muscles exposed to factors suggested to trigger AQM, such as mechanical ventilation, immobilization, neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA), corticosteroids (CS) and sepsis for five days by using a unique porcine model mimicking the ICU conditions. Single muscle fiber cross-sectional area and force-generating capacity, i.e., maximum force normalized to fiber cross-sectional area (specific force), revealed maintained masseter single muscle fiber cross-sectional area and specific-force after five days exposure to all triggering factors. This is in sharp contrast to observations in limb and trunk muscles, showing a dramatic decline in specific force in response to five days exposure to the triggering factors. Significant differences in gene expression were observed between craniofacial and limb muscles, indicating a highly complex and muscle specific response involving transcription and growth factors, heat shock proteins, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, oxidative stress responsive elements and sarcomeric proteins underlying the relative sparing of cranial versus spinal nerve innervated muscles during exposure to the ICU intervention.
9.	Abeysekara, A. U., et al. (författare) VERITAS and Fermi-LAT Observations of TeV Gamma-Ray Sources Discovered by HAWC in the 2HWC Catalog 2018 Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : Institute of Physics Publishing. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 866:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) collaboration recently published their 2HWC catalog, listing 39 very high energy (VHE; >100 GeV) gamma-ray sources based on 507 days of observation. Among these, 19 sources are not associated with previously known teraelectronvolt (TeV) gamma-ray sources. We have studied 14 of these sources without known counterparts with VERITAS and Fermi-LAT. VERITAS detected weak gamma-ray emission in the 1 TeV-30 TeV band in the region of DA 495, a pulsar wind nebula coinciding with 2HWC J1953+294, confirming the discovery of the source by HAWC. We did not find any counterpart for the selected 14 new HAWC sources from our analysis of Fermi-LAT data for energies higher than 10 GeV. During the search, we detected gigaelectronvolt (GeV) gamma-ray emission coincident with a known TeV pulsar wind nebula, SNR G54.1+0.3 (VER J1930+188), and a 2HWC source, 2HWC J1930+188. The fluxes for isolated, steady sources in the 2HWC catalog are generally in good agreement with those measured by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. However, the VERITAS fluxes for SNR G54.1+0.3, DA 495, and TeV J2032+4130 are lower than those measured by HAWC, and several new HAWC sources are not detected by VERITAS. This is likely due to a change in spectral shape, source extension, or the influence of diffuse emission in the source region.
10.	Adolfsson, Jesper, et al. (författare) Faktaunderlag med klimat utmaningar för Västra Götaland Ett gott liv i en fossiloberoende region 2015 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
11.	Almqvist, Helena, et al. (författare) CETSA screening identifies known and novel thymidylate synthase inhibitors and slow intracellular activation of 5-fluorouracil 2016 Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Target engagement is a critical factor for therapeutic efficacy. Assessment of compound binding to native target proteins in live cells is therefore highly desirable in all stages of drug discovery. We report here the first compound library screen based on biophysical measurements of intracellular target binding, exemplified by human thymidylate synthase (TS). The screen selected accurately for all the tested known drugs acting on TS. We also identified TS inhibitors with novel chemistry and marketed drugs that were not previously known to target TS, including the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine. By following the cellular uptake and enzymatic conversion of known drugs we correlated the appearance of active metabolites over time with intracellular target engagement. These data distinguished a much slower activation of 5-fluorouracil when compared with nucleoside-based drugs. The approach establishes efficient means to associate drug uptake and activation with target binding during drug discovery.
12.	Andersdotter, Amelia, et al. (författare) Godtyckligt regelverk hotar friheten på nätet 2013 Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :2013-09-03 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Reglerna som möjliggör stängning av hemsidor på internet präglas av godtycke och otydlighet. Men det behöver inte vara särskilt svårt att skapa ett nytt och rättssäkert regelverk. Här har Sveriges EU-kommissionär Cecilia Malmström en viktig roll. Frågan är om hon tar sitt ansvar, skriver politiker och nätdebattörer.
13.	Andersdotter, Amelia, et al. (författare) Utfästelser räcker inte 2013 Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447. Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Det är nedslående att Cecilia Malmström givit upp kampen när det gäller fri- och rättigheter på nätet, skriver politiker och nätdebattörer. Den rättssäkerhet vi efterfrågar är en sådan som skyddar yttrandefriheten.
14.	Appelberg, S., et al. (författare) A universal SARS-CoV DNA vaccine inducing highly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies and T cells 2022 Ingår i: EMBO Molecular Medicine. - : EMBO. - 1757-4676 .- 1757-4684. ; 14:10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract New variants in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are more contagious (Alpha/Delta), evade neutralizing antibodies (Beta), or both (Omicron). This poses a challenge in vaccine development according to WHO. We designed a more universal SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine containing receptor-binding domain loops from the huCoV-19/WH01, the Alpha, and the Beta variants, combined with the membrane and nucleoproteins. The vaccine induced spike antibodies crossreactive between huCoV-19/WH01, Beta, and Delta spike proteins that neutralized huCoV-19/WH01, Beta, Delta, and Omicron virus in vitro. The vaccine primed nucleoprotein-specific T cells, unlike spike-specific T cells, recognized Bat-CoV sequences. The vaccine protected mice carrying the human ACE2 receptor against lethal infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant. Interestingly, priming of cross-reactive nucleoprotein-specific T cells alone was 60% protective, verifying observations from humans that T cells protect against lethal disease. This SARS-CoV vaccine induces a uniquely broad and functional immunity that adds to currently used vaccines.
15.	Archambault, S., et al. (författare) Deep Broadband Observations of the Distant Gamma-Ray Blazar PKS 1424+240 2014 Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 785:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We present deep VERITAS observations of the blazar PKS 1424+240, along with contemporaneous Fermi Large Area Telescope, Swift X-ray Telescope, and Swift UV Optical Telescope data between 2009 February 19 and 2013 June 8. This blazar resides at a redshift of z ≥ 0.6035, displaying a significantly attenuated gamma-ray flux above 100 GeV due to photon absorption via pair-production with the extragalactic background light. We present more than 100 hr of VERITAS observations over three years, a multiwavelength light curve, and the contemporaneous spectral energy distributions. The source shows a higher flux of (2.1 ± 0.3) × 10–7 photons m–2 s–1 above 120 GeV in 2009 and 2011 as compared to the flux measured in 2013, corresponding to (1.02 ± 0.08) × 10–7 photons m–2 s–1 above 120 GeV. The measured differential very high energy (VHE; E ≥ 100 GeV) spectral indices are Γ = 3.8 ± 0.3, 4.3 ± 0.6 and 4.5 ± 0.2 in 2009, 2011, and 2013, respectively. No significant spectral change across the observation epochs is detected. We find no evidence for variability at gamma-ray opacities of greater than τ = 2, where it is postulated that any variability would be small and occur on timescales longer than a year if hadronic cosmic-ray interactions with extragalactic photon fields provide a secondary VHE photon flux. The data cannot rule out such variability due to low statistics.
16.	Banduseela, Varuna C., et al. (författare) Gene expression and muscle fiber function in a porcine ICU model 2009 Ingår i: Physiological Genomics. - : American Physiological Society. - 1094-8341 .- 1531-2267. ; 39:3, s. 141-159 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Skeletal muscle wasting and impaired muscle function in response to mechanical ventilation and immobilization in intensive care unit (ICU) patients are clinically challenging partly due to 1) the poorly understood intricate cellular and molecular networks and 2) the unavailability of an animal model mimicking this condition. By employing a unique porcine model mimicking the conditions in the ICU with long-term mechanical ventilation and immobilization, we have analyzed the expression profile of skeletal muscle biopsies taken at three time points during a 5-day period. Among the differentially regulated transcripts, extracellular matrix, energy metabolism, sarcomeric and LIM protein mRNA levels were downregulated, while ubiquitin proteasome system, cathepsins, oxidative stress responsive genes and heat shock proteins (HSP) mRNAs were upregulated. Despite 5 days of immobilization and mechanical ventilation single muscle fiber cross-sectional areas as well as the maximum force generating capacity at the single muscle fiber level were preserved. It is proposed that HSP induction in skeletal muscle is an inherent, primary, but temporary protective mechanism against protein degradation. To our knowledge, this is the first study that isolates the effect of immobilization and mechanical ventilation in an ICU condition from various other cofactors.
17.	Banduseela, Varuna, et al. (författare) Impaired autophagy, chaperone expression, and protein synthesis in response to critical illness interventions in porcine skeletal muscle 2013 Ingår i: Physiological Genomics. - : American Physiological Society. - 1094-8341 .- 1531-2267. ; 45:12, s. 477-486 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Critical illness myopathy (CIM) is characterized by a preferential loss of the motor protein myosin, muscle wasting, and impaired muscle function in critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients. CIM is associated with severe morbidity and mortality and has a significant negative socioeconomic effect. Neuromuscular blocking agents, corticosteroids, sepsis, mechanical ventilation, and immobilization have been implicated as important risk factors, but the causal relationship between CIM and the risk factors has not been established. A porcine ICU model has been used to determine the immediate molecular and cellular cascades that may contribute to the pathogenesis prior to myosin loss and extensive muscle wasting. Expression profiles have been compared between pigs exposed to the ICU interventions, i.e., mechanically ventilated, sedated, and immobilized for 5 days, with pigs exposed to critical illness interventions, i.e., neuromuscular blocking agents, corticosteroids, and induced sepsis in addition to the ICU interventions for 5 days. Impaired autophagy as well as impaired chaperone expression and protein synthesis were observed in the skeletal muscle in response to critical illness interventions. A novel finding in this study is impaired core autophagy machinery in response to critical illness interventions, which when in concert with downregulated chaperone expression and protein synthesis may collectively affect the proteostasis in skeletal muscle and may exacerbate the disease progression in CIM.
18.	Bengtsson, Hanna, et al. (författare) Destination Baltikum 1996 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
19.	Berggren, Hanna (författare) Consequences of Environmental Variation for Fish and Their Skin Associated Microbial Communities 2021 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Environmental conditions that vary in space and time influence the distribution, abundance, diversity and evolution of individuals, populations, species and communities. This thesis explores how environmental variation affects diversity at different levels of biological organization, and across a wide range of spatiotemporal scales, by studying fish and their associated microbiomes. The specific aims were to investigate i) effects of coarse- and fine-scale environmental variation for the performance of fish populations and individuals, and ii) ecological drivers impacting the structure and dynamics of microbial communities associated with fish hosts.For the first aim, I studied effects of environmental variation both within and between local habitats, by comparing populations of spawning migrating pike and monitor sun-basking behaviour of carp individuals. Results revealed that natal spawning site fidelity can promote evolution of local adaptations and population differentiation on relatively fine spatial scales in relation to the species dispersal capacity. I also demonstrated that fish can actively thermo-regulate and attain body temperatures in excess of the surrounding water by sun-basking, and that this translates into faster growth. Homing and sun-basking behaviour thus are important drivers of phenotypic diversity among and within populations and can also - as it turned out - influence the microbial communities associated with fish skin.For the second aim, I used a mixture of observational and experimental approaches to characterize and identify sources of variation in microbial communities associated with fish skin of perch, roach and carp. An important finding was that fish skin microbiomes are highly dynamic biodiversity hotspots. Results further suggested that variation in the assembly, composition, spatial structure, and temporal shifts of these microbiomes are influenced by stochastic events in combination with ecological filtering imposed by environment and host phenotype, most notably behaviour. A key conclusion that emerges from this thesis is that diversity at one level of biological organisation seems to support and increase diversity at a higher hierarchical level of organisation. My thesis thus adds to the knowledge, and contribute new understanding and insight into, how environmental heterogeneity and the complex interplay between different species and hierarchical levels generate and maintain biodiversity.
20.	Berggren, Hanna, et al. (författare) Ecological filtering drives rapid spatiotemporal dynamics in fish skin microbiomes 2024 Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 33:18 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Skin microbiomes provide vital functions, yet knowledge about the drivers and processes structuring their species assemblages is limited-especially for non-model organisms. In this study, fish skin microbiome was assessed by high throughput sequencing of amplicon sequence variants from metabarcoding of V3-V4 regions in the 16S rRNA gene on fish hosts subjected to the following experimental manipulations: (i) translocation between fresh and brackish water habitats to investigate the role of environment; (ii) treatment with an antibacterial disinfectant to reboot the microbiome and investigate community assembly and priority effects; and (iii) maintained alone or in pairs to study the role of social environment and inter-host dispersal of microbes. The results revealed that fish skin microbiomes harbour a highly dynamic microbial composition that was distinct from bacterioplankton communities in the ambient water. Microbiome composition first diverged as an effect of translocation to either the brackish or freshwater habitat. When the freshwater individuals were translocated back to brackish water, their microbiome composition converged towards the fish microbiomes in the brackish habitat. In summary, external environmental conditions and individual-specific factors jointly determined the community composition dynamics, whereas inter-host dispersal had negligible effects. The dynamics of the microbiome composition was seemingly non-affected by reboot treatment, pointing towards high resilience to disturbance. The results emphasised the role of inter-individual variability for the unexplained variation found in many host-microbiome systems, although the mechanistic underpinnings remain to be identified.
21.	Berggren, Hanna, et al. (författare) Effects of environmental translocation and host characteristics on skin microbiomes of sun-basking fish 2023 Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 290:2013 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Variation in the composition of skin-associated microbiomes has been attributed to host species, geographical location and habitat, but the role of intraspecific phenotypic variation among host individuals remains elusive. We explored if and how host environment and different phenotypic traits were associated with microbiome composition. We conducted repeated sampling of dorsal and ventral skin microbiomes of carp individuals (Cyprinus carpio) before and after translocation from laboratory conditions to a semi-natural environment. Both alpha and beta diversity of skin-associated microbiomes increased substantially within and among individuals following translocation, particularly on dorsal body sites. The variation in microbiome composition among hosts was significantly associated with body site, sun-basking, habitat switch and growth, but not temperature gain while basking, sex, personality nor colour morph. We suggest that the overall increase in the alpha and beta diversity estimates among hosts were induced by individuals expressing greater variation in behaviours and thus exposure to potential colonizers in the pond environment compared with the laboratory. Our results exemplify how biological diversity at one level of organization (phenotypic variation among and within fish host individuals) together with the external environment impacts biological diversity at a higher hierarchical level of organization (richness and composition of fish-associated microbial communities).
22.	Berggren, Hanna, et al. (författare) Fish skin microbiomes are highly variable among individuals and populations but not within individuals 2022 Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Fish skin-associated microbial communities are highly variable among populations and species and can impact host fitness. Still, the sources of variation in microbiome composition, and particularly how they vary among and within host individuals, have rarely been investigated. To tackle this issue, we explored patterns of variation in fish skin microbiomes across different spatial scales. We conducted replicate sampling of dorsal and ventral body sites of perch (Perca fluviatilis) from two populations and characterized the variation of fish skin-associated microbial communities with 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. Results showed a high similarity of microbiome samples taken from the left and right side of the same fish individuals, suggesting that fish skin microbiomes can be reliably assessed and characterized even using a single sample from a specific body site. The microbiome composition of fish skin differed markedly from the bacterioplankton communities in the surrounding water and was highly variable among individuals. No ASV was present in all samples, and the most prevalent phyla, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, varied in relative abundance among fish hosts. Microbiome composition was both individual- and population specific, with most of the variation explained by individual host. At the individual level, we found no diversification in microbiome composition between dorsal and ventral body sites, but the degree of intra-individual heterogeneity varied among individuals. To identify how genetic and phenotypic characteristics of fish hosts impact the rate and nature of intra-individual temporal dynamics of the skin microbiome, and thereby contribute to the host-specific patterns documented here, remains an important task for future research.
23.	Berggren, Hanna, et al. (författare) Testing for local adaptation to spawning habitat in sympatric subpopulations of northern pike by reciprocal translocation of embryos 2016 Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We tested for local adaption in early life-history traits by performing a reciprocal translocation experiment with approximately 2500 embryos of pike (Esox lucius) divided in paired split-family batches. The experiment indicated local adaptation in one of the two subpopulations manifested as enhanced hatching success of eggs in the native habitat, both when compared to siblings transferred to a non-native habitat, and when compared to immigrant genotypes from the other subpopulation. Gene-by-environment effects on viability of eggs and larvae were evident in both subpopulations, showing that there existed genetic variation allowing for evolutionary responses to divergent selection, and indicating a capacity for plastic responses to environmental change. Next, we tested for differences in female life-history traits. Results uncovered that females from one population invested more resources into reproduction and also produced more (but smaller) eggs in relation to their body size compared to females from the other population. We suggest that these females have adjusted their reproductive strategies as a counter-adaptation because a high amount of sedimentation on the eggs in that subpopulations spawning habitat might benefit smaller eggs. Collectively, our findings point to adaptive divergence among sympatric subpopulations that are physically separated only for a short period during reproduction and early development – which is rare. These results illustrate how combinations of translocation experiments and field studies of life-history traits might infer about local adaptation and evolutionary divergence among populations. Local adaptations in subdivided populations are important to consider in management and conservation of biodiversity, because they may otherwise be negatively affected by harvesting, supplementation, and reintroduction efforts targeted at endangered populations.
24.	Bergstrand, Sara, et al. (författare) Association between cardiovascular risk profile and impaired microvascular function in a Swedish middle-aged cohort (the SCAPIS study) 2024 Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aims The aim was to investigate the relationship between microvascular function, cardiovascular risk profile, and subclinical atherosclerotic burden. Methods and results The study enrolled 3809 individuals, 50-65 years old, participating in the population-based observational cross-sectional Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study. Microvascular function was assessed in forearm skin using an arterial occlusion and release protocol determining peak blood oxygen saturation (OxyP). Cardiovascular risk was calculated using the updated Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation [SCORE2; 10-year risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events]. The OxyP was compared with coronary artery calcification score (CACS) and to plaques in the carotid arteries. Individuals with OxyP values in the lowest quartile (Q1; impaired microvascular function) had a mean SCORE2 of 5.8% compared with 3.8% in those with the highest values of OxyP (Q4), a relative risk increase of 53%. The risk of having a SCORE2 > 10% was five times higher for those in Q1 (odds ratio: 4.96, 95% confidence interval: 2.76-8.93) vs. Q4 when adjusting for body mass index and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. The OxyP was lower in individuals with CACS > 0 and in those with both carotid plaques and CACS > 0, compared with individuals without subclinical atherosclerotic burdens (87.5 +/- 5.6% and 86.9 +/- 6.0%, vs. 88.6 +/- 5.8%, P < 0.01). Conclusion In a population without CVD or diabetes mellitus, impaired microvascular function is associated with cardiovascular risk profiles such as higher SCORE2 risk and CACS. We suggest that OxyP may serve as a microcirculatory functional marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and CVD risk that is not detected by structural assessments.
25.	Bergström, Kristofer, et al. (författare) Seasonal and Daily Movement Patterns by Wels Catfish (Silurus glanis) at the Northern Fringe of Its Distribution Range 2024 Ingår i: Fishes. - : MDPI. - 2410-3888. ; 9:7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Fish behavior often varies across a species' distribution range. Documenting how behaviors vary at fringes in comparison to core habitats is key to understanding the impact of environmental variation and the evolution of local adaptations. Here, we studied the behavior of Wels catfish (Silurus glanis) in Lake M & ouml;ckeln, Sweden, which represent a European northern fringe population. Adult individuals (101-195 cm, N = 55) were caught and externally marked with data storage tags (DSTs). Fifteen DSTs were recovered a year after tagging, of which 11 tags contained long-term high-resolution behavioral data on the use of vertical (depth) and thermal habitats. This showed that the catfish already became active in late winter (<5 degrees C) and displayed nocturnal activity primarily during summer and late autumn. The latter included a transition from the bottom to the surface layer at dusk, continuous and high activity close to the surface during the night, and then descent back to deeper water at dawn. During the daytime, the catfish were mainly inactive in the bottom layer. These behaviors contrast with what is documented in conspecifics from the core distribution area, perhaps reflecting adaptive strategies to cope with lower temperatures and shorter summers.
26.	Bergvall, Hanna, et al. (författare) Gender differences in self-assessment among dental students at an ”Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). 2014 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to compare dental student’s real/practical results at an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) with their self-assessed results. These results were compared depending on gender. Introduction: There are several studies published comparing differences in self-assessment between women and men in theoretical exams. However, knowledge is lacking in regards to clinical examinations. At theoretical examinations, it has been found that men tend to over-estimate their performance more frequently than women do. Whether these differences in self-assessment exist because men tend to over-estimate themselves, women tend to under-estimate themselves, a combination of both or that self-assessments actually are consistent with the results at the examination, vary between different studies. Materials and methods: All students (35 women and 16 men) at the sixth semester at Malmö Dental School were examined with an OSCE with 13 stations. The student’s real results at OSCE were compared with their self-assessment at each station. The assessments were compared regarding gender. Results: At most of the 13 stations there were no significant differences in over- and under-estimation regarding women and men. It was more difficult for men to assess their performance regarding impression with alginate. These misjudgments were mainly caused by over-estimation. There were no results indicating that women under-estimate their performance at greater extent than men. Conclusion: Contrary to studies where gender differences concerning self-assessment in theoretical examinations are observed, the present study found no significant differences in over- and under-estimation between women and men.
27.	Björklund, Camilla, et al. (författare) Praktiknära skolforskning : resultat och erfarenheter från nio forskningsprojekt 2024. - 01 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
28.	Björklund, Christina, et al. (författare) Ung och chef : En guide till organisationer som vill tillvarata unga chefers potential 2023 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
29.	Borgström, Pernilla, et al. (författare) Växtskydd i raps, åkerbönor och ärter: kunskapsbehov och forskningsinriktningar 2019 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Denna rapport är framtagen på initiativ av en fokusgrupp för växtskydd i avbrottsgrödor som bildats inom Plattform växtskydd vid SLU. Rapportens syfte är att identifiera betydande kunskapsluckor som behöver fyllas om ett effektivt och hållbart växtskydd ska kunna uppnås i raps, åkerbönor och ärter, som är de arealmässigt viktigaste avbrottsgrödorna till spannmål i Sverige. I sammanställningen beskrivs ett tjugotal av de främsta skadegörarna som angriper dessa grödor samt vilka befintliga växtskyddsåtgärder som finns att tillgå vid angrepp. De mest angelägna kunskapsbehoven och lovande forskningsinriktningarna presenteras också för respektive skadegörare; dessa har fastställts genom litteraturstudier och diskussioner med experter. I rapporten identifieras och diskuteras slutligen också gemensamma teman av kunskapsluckor för flera olika skadegörare. Vi konstaterar att det för flera virus och markburna patogener finns stora kunskapsluckor vad gäller den grundläggande biologin och skadegörarnas förekomst och utbredning i Sverige. Det finns också bristande kunskap om flera skadegörares spridningsmönster, till exempel flygavstånd för insekter. Resistensförädling identifieras som en övergripande och lovande väg framåt för att utveckla växtskyddet mot speciellt patogener som inte kan bekämpas kemiskt, som kransmögel, klumprotsjuka och Turnip Yellows Virus i raps, samt rotrötor i ärter och åkerbönor. Vidare illustrerar vår sammanställning att odlingssystemet, speciellt växtföljden, är central för att hantera många patogener, ogräs och insekter. Särskilt för en del markburna patogener är långa odlingsuppehåll det enskilt viktigaste sättet att begränsa angrepp. Förändringar i hur grödorna odlas, såsom samodling eller etablering med reducerad markbearbetning, påverkar hela samhällen av skadegörare, men oftast studeras bara effekterna på en skadegörare åt gången, utan att hänsyn tas till eventuella samspelseffekter mellan olika skadegörare. Rapporten belyser också att det finns kunskapsluckor som behöver fyllas för att vi genom ett integrerat växtskydd ska få bästa möjliga effekt av direkt bekämpning mot skadegörare, till exempel utveckling av tillförlitliga prognosmetoder och/eller välgrundade bekämpningströsklar. Vi drar slutsatsen att en förväntat omfattande framtida odling av raps, åkerbönor, ärter och närbesläktade kål- och ärtväxter i Sverige, i ett förändrat klimat och med en begränsad tillgång till kemiska bekämpningsmedel, kommer att ställa växtskyddet inför stora utmaningar. För att möta dessa utmaningar kommer det krävas forskning som kan ta fram motståndskraftiga grödor, odlingssystem som missgynnar skadegörare samt kompletta strategier för integrerat växtskydd som kan hantera uppkomna skadegörarproblem genom behovsanpassad bekämpning med låg miljöbelastning.
30.	Brænne, Ingrid, et al. (författare) Dynamic changes in immune gene co-expression networks predict development of type 1 diabetes 2021 Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11, s. 1-13 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Significant progress has been made in elucidating genetic risk factors influencing Type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, features other than genetic variants that initiate and/or accelerate islet autoimmunity that lead to the development of clinical T1D remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that genetic and environmental risk factors can both contribute to T1D through dynamic alterations of molecular interactions in physiologic networks. To test this hypothesis, we utilized longitudinal blood transcriptomic profiles in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study to generate gene co-expression networks. In network modules that contain immune response genes associated with T1D, we observed highly dynamic differences in module connectivity in the 600 days (~ 2 years) preceding clinical diagnosis of T1D. Our results suggest that gene co-expression is highly plastic and that connectivity differences in T1D-associated immune system genes influence the timing and development of clinical disease.
31.	Campbell, PJ, et al. (författare) Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes 2020 Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
32.	Carlsson, Hanna, et al. (författare) Consumer Credit Behavior in the Digital Context : A Bibliometric Analysis and Literature Review 2017 Ingår i: Journal of Financial Counceling and Planning. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 1052-3073 .- 1947-7910. ; 28:1, s. 76-94 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This literature review seeks to map the state of research on the effects of digitization on personal financial behavior and management through a bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review. The findings indicate that current knowledge is primarily based on perspectives of actors in commerce and systems development. More research is needed on how personal financial behavior change in relation to digital technology, the vulnerability of children and adolescents, and the links between changes in credit behavior and indebtedness. Financial counseling could benefit from an awareness of young adults vulnerability as digital consumers and an extended perception of financial literacy that encompasses requirements of digital society. Policymakers need to be aware of the consequences of digital measurability.
33.	Carlsson, Hanna, 1980-, et al. (författare) Delrapport : Presentation av kunskapsöversikt om konsumtion och överskuldsättning i det digitala samhället 2014 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
34.	Carlsson, Hanna, et al. (författare) Over-Indebtedness and Consumption Patterns in Digital Society – A Research Review 2015 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This LUii report presents a research review of the field of over-indebtedness and consumption patterns in digital society, which addresses phenomena such as e-commerce, smart phones and their role in consumption and credit, new methods of payment, debt-incurrence and more. The research review has been produced by researchers at Lund University on behalf of the Swedish Enforcement Authority, why it also is in part using Sweden as a case study. The research was conducted during 2014 and primarily includes three sub-studies of somewhat different approaches to provide as comprehensive and accurate an overview of current research in the field as possible: 1) a bibliometric study, 2) a systematic literature review, and 3) additional searches which also include reports written in Swedish, studies and books. A general conclusion drawn from all sub-studies is that research on over-indebtedness and research on digital development are often conducted within different disciplines that share little contact. One consequence of this, with regards to the review materials and results, is that research on potential opportunities created by digital technology in the credit and financial markets is not linked to the emergence of problematic financial situations in the individual. The potential links between these areas therefore deserves further scientific examination. For example, the results indicate that international research on debt and consumer behavior in a digital context is largely conducted from a systemic or business-oriented perspective, and deals only to a minor degree with consumer vulnerability and other negative aspects for the individual. This means that the economic/business-oriented perspective dominates in the research on debt incurrence in digital contexts. Furthermore, young adults comprise the population group that is repeatedly mentioned as particularly vulnerable to the implications of digital technology in consumption and debt. Stefan Larsson, Head of Lund University Internet Institute (LUii), PhD in sociology of law and PhD in spatial planning, has acted as project manager for this research review. Co-researchers for this project were Hanna Carlsson, PhD in information science, and Fredrik Åström, Assoc Prof and bibliometrician.
35.	Carlsson, Hanna, et al. (författare) Överskuldsättning och konsumtionsmönster i det digitala samhället – en kunskapsöversikt 2015 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Detta är en kunskapsöversikt på området för överskuldsättning och konsumtionsmönster i det digitala samhället, vilket inkluderar företeelser som e-handel, smarta mobiler och deras roll för konsumtion och kredittagande, nya sätt att betala, konsumera och skuldsätta sig, och mer. Kunskapsöversikten har författats av forskare vid Lunds universitet på uppdrag av Kronofogdemyndigheten. Arbetet har utförts under 2014 och inkluderar i huvudsak tre delstudier av delvis olika karaktär, i syfte att ge en så heltäckande och riktig bild av forskningen på området som möjligt: 1) en bibliometrisk, 2) en systematisk litteraturöversikt, samt 3) kompletterande sökningar som även inkluderar svenskspråkiga rapporter, utredningar och böcker. Resultaten indikerar att den internationella forskningen rörande skuldsättning och konsumtionsbeteende i digitala sammanhang i hög grad bedrivs från ett system- eller näringsidkarperspektiv, och endast i låg utsträckning behandlar konsumentutsatthet och för individen negativa aspekter. Det betyder exempelvis att gällande skuldsättning i digitala sammanhang är det ekonomiska/affärsinriktade perspektivet dominant i forskningen. Det finns vidare relativt lite svensk forskning om konsumtions- och snabblån och deras konsekvenser för individ och samhälle, möjligen med undantag för ett reglerings- och policyperspektiv på snabblån. Ett flertal offentliga utredningar och myndighetsrapporter betonar hur unga vuxna är en särdeles exponerad kategori vad det gäller ekonomisk utsatthet. Projektledare för kunskapsöversikten har varit Stefan Larsson, föreståndare för Lunds universitets internetinstitut (LUii) och disputerad i både rättssociologi och i fysisk planering. Medarbetare i projektet var Hanna Carlsson, filosofie doktor i biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap, och Fredrik Åström, docent och bibliometriker.
36.	Carlsson, Linn, et al. (författare) Solid State CP/MAS 13C-NMR investigation of hydrolyzed cotton linters grafted by surface‐initiated ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
37.	Carlsson, Linn, et al. (författare) Surface characteristics of cellulose nanoparticles grafted by surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone 2015 Ingår i: Cellulose. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 22:2, s. 1063-1074 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this study, surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization has been employed for the grafting of epsilon-caprolactone from cellulose nanoparticles, made by partial hydrolysis of cellulose cotton linters. A sacrificial initiator was employed during the grafting reactions, to form free polymer in parallel to the grafting reaction. The degree of polymerization of the polymer grafts, and of the free polymer, was varied by varying the reaction time. The aim of this study was to estimate the cellulose nanoparticle degree of surface substitution at different reaction times. This was accomplished by combining measurement results from spectroscopy and chromatography. The prepared cellulose nanoparticles were shown to have 3.1 (+/- 0.3) % of the total anhydroglucose unit content present at the cellulose nanoparticle surfaces. This effectively limits the amount of cellulose that can be targeted by the SI-ROP reactions. For a certain SI-ROP reaction time, it was assumed that the resulting degree of polymerization (DP) of the grafts and the DP of the free polymer were equal. Based on this assumption it was shown that the cellulose nanoparticle surface degree of substitution remained approximately constant (3-7 %) and seemingly independent of SI-ROP reaction time. We believe this work to be an important step towards a deeper understanding of the processes and properties controlling SI-ROP reactions occurring at cellulose surfaces.
38.	Cooney, Martin, 1980-, et al. (författare) Exercising with an “Iron Man” : Design for a Robot Exercise Coach for Persons with Dementia 2020 Ingår i: 29th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. - Piscataway : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781728160757 - 9781728160764 ; , s. 899-905 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Socially assistive robots are increasingly being designed to interact with humans in various therapeutical scenarios. We believe that one useful scenario is providing exercise coaching for Persons with Dementia (PWD), which involves unique challenges related to memory and communication. We present a design for a robot that can seek to help a PWD to conduct exercises by recognizing their behaviors and providing appropriate feedback, in an online, multimodal, and engaging way. Additionally, following a mid-fidelity prototyping approach, we report on some observations from an exploratory user study using a Baxter robot; although limited by the sample size and our simplified approach, the results suggested the usefulness of the general scenario, and that the degree to which a robot provides feedback–occasional or continuous– could moderate impressions of attentiveness or fun. Some possibilities for future improvement are outlined, touching on richer recognition and behavior generation strategies based on deep learning and haptic feedback, toward informing next designs. © 2020 IEEE.
39.	DAWODY, JAZAER, 1959, et al. (författare) An integrated system for energy efficient exhaust after-treatment for heavy-duty vehicles 2014 Ingår i: Presented (oral) at the World Renewable Energy Congress 2014, WREC 2014, University of Kingston, London, UK, August 3-8, 2014.. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
40.	DAWODY, JAZAER, 1959, et al. (författare) An integrated system for energy-efficient exhaust aftertreatment for heavy-duty vehicles 2015 Ingår i: Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319177779 - 9783319177762 ; 1, s. 133-143 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015. This chapter presents a unique system approach applied in a joint academic- industrial research programme, E4 Mistra, to attain the goals of high energy efficiency and low emissions in an exhaust aftertreatment system for heavy-duty vehicles. The high energy efficiency is achieved by heat recuperation, onboard hydrogen production for NOx reduction, and by finding new solutions for making the aftertreatment system active at low exhaust temperatures. To reach low particulate emissions, a mechanical filter using a sintered metal powder is developed and coated with catalytic material to improve the soot oxidation efficiency. Low NOx emissions are achieved by an efficient NOx reduction catalyst. The integrated E4 Mistra system comprises four technological advances: thermoelectric (TE) materials for heat recuperation, catalytic reduction of NOx over innovative catalyst substrates using either the onboard diesel or biodiesel, H2 from a high-efficiency fuel reformer, and particulate filtration over a porous metal filter. The TE materials are used in a TE generator (TEG) which converts thermal energy into electricity. The TEG is used to recuperate heat from the exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) circuit of heavy-duty trucks and is expected to generate ~1 kW electric power from 20 kW heat in the exhaust gas. The TEG is integrated in a plate heat exchanger (HEX) designed particularly for this application. Apart from the knowledge and experiences in TEG and heat exchange technologies, a thorough fluid dynamics and TE analysis are performed in this project to understand the governing processes and optimize the system accordingly. The components of the E4 Mistra system are explained in the chapter in addition to test results, which show the system's capacity for H2 production, NOx conversion, particulate matter filtration and soot oxidation, and finally electric power generation via heat recuperation from the exhaust gas using the developed TEG-HEX system.
41.	DAWODY, JAZAER, 1959, et al. (författare) E4-Mistra, a research program for the development of an energy efficient low emission exhaust aftertreatment system for heavy duty vehicles 2012 Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Forum, WREF 2012, Including World Renewable Energy Congress XII and Colorado Renewable Energy Society (CRES) Annual Conference. - : American Solar Energy Society. - 9781622760923 ; , s. 4530-4536 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper presents a unique system approach applied in a joint academic - industrial research program, E4 Mistra, to reach the goals of energy efficiency and low emissions exhaust aftertreatment system for heavy duty vehicles. The high energy efficiency is achieved by heat recuperation, on-board hydrogen production for use in both an auxiliary power unit and for NOx reduction and by finding new solutions for making the after-treatment system active at low exhaust temperatures. To reach low particulate emissions a mechanical filter using a sintered metal filter is developed. Low NOx emissions are achieved by an efficient NOx reduction catalyst. The system is based on four technological advances: Thermoelectric material s for heat recuperation, catalytic reduction of NOx over innovative catalyst substrates using hydrocarbons from the fuel and H2 from a high efficiency fuel reformer, and particulate filtration over a porous metal filter.
42.	Delisle, C., et al. (författare) A web- and mobile phone-based intervention to prevent obesity in 4-year-olds (MINISTOP): a population-based randomized controlled trial 2015 Ingår i: Bmc Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 15 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Childhood obesity is an increasing health problem globally. Overweight and obesity may be established as early as 2-5 years of age, highlighting the need for evidence-based effective prevention and treatment programs early in life. In adults, mobile phone based interventions for weight management (mHealth) have demonstrated positive effects on body mass, however, their use in child populations has yet to be examined. The aim of this paper is to report the study design and methodology of the MINSTOP (Mobile-based Intervention Intended to Stop Obesity in Preschoolers) trial. Methods/Design: A two-arm, parallel design randomized controlled trial in 300 healthy Swedish 4-year-olds is conducted. After baseline measures, parents are allocated to either an intervention-or control group. The 6-month mHealth intervention consists of a web-based application (the MINSTOP app) to help parents promote healthy eating and physical activity in children. MINISTOP is based on the Social Cognitive Theory and involves the delivery of a comprehensive, personalized program of information and text messages based on existing guidelines for a healthy diet and active lifestyle in pre-school children. Parents also register physical activity and intakes of candy, soft drinks, vegetables as well as fruits of their child and receive feedback through the application. Primary outcomes include body fatness and energy intake, while secondary outcomes are time spent in sedentary, moderate, and vigorous physical activity, physical fitness and intakes of fruits and vegetables, snacks, soft drinks and candy. Food and energy intake (Tool for Energy balance in Children, TECH), body fatness (pediatric option for BodPod), physical activity (Actigraph wGT3x-BT) and physical fitness (the PREFIT battery of five fitness tests) are measured at baseline, after the intervention (six months after baseline) and at follow-up (12 months after baseline). Discussion: This novel study will evaluate the effectiveness of a mHealth program for mitigating gain in body fatness among 4-year-old children. If the intervention proves effective it has great potential to be implemented in child-health care to counteract childhood overweight and obesity.
43.	Ehinger, Daniel, et al. (författare) SIX1 as a Novel Immunohistochemical Marker in the Differential Diagnosis of Rhabdomyosarcoma 2023 Ingår i: Fetal and Pediatric Pathology. - 1551-3815. ; 42:5, s. 723-734 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Differential diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is challenging. Sineoculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) is an oncogene involved in skeletal muscle differentiation. We compared protein expression patterns of SIX1 in RMS and its most common differential diagnoses. Methods: SIX1 immunohistochemistry in 36 RMS and in 33 tumors from seven differential diagnostic subtypes were evaluated. The fraction of SIX1 positive tumor cells was scored by three independent observers. Results: A majority (75%) of the evaluated RMS expressed SIX1 in at least 50% of tumor cells and all except one RMS had more than 25% positive tumor cells. Neuroblastoma had less than 1% SIX1 positive tumor cells. Gonadoblastoma, malignant rhabdoid tumor, and Ewing sarcoma had 10% or less positive tumor cells. Pleuropulmonary blastoma exhibited 26–50% positive tumor cells and synovial sarcoma >50% positive cells. Conclusion: SIX1 immunohistochemistry is positive in most RMS, and occasionally in some tumors within the differential diagnoses of RMS.
44.	Ellegård, Rada, 1985-, et al. (författare) Complement-Opsonized HIV-1 Alters Cross Talk Between Dendritic Cells and Natural Killer (NK) Cells to Inhibit NK Killing and to Upregulate PD-1, CXCR3, and CCR4 on T Cells 2018 Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1664-3224. ; 9 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and T cells play critical roles during primary HIV-1 exposure at the mucosa, where the viral particles become coated with complement fragments and mucosa-associated antibodies. The microenvironment together with subsequent interactions between these cells and HIV at the mucosal site of infection will determine the quality of immune response that ensues adaptive activation. Here, we investigated how complement and immunoglobulin opsonization influences the responses triggered in DCs and NK cells, how this affects their cross talk, and what T cell phenotypes are induced to expand following the interaction. Our results showed that DCs exposed to complement-opsonized HIV (C-HIV) were less mature and had a poor ability to trigger IFN-driven NK cell activation. In addition, when the DCs were exposed to C-HIV, the cytotolytic potentials of both NK cells and CD8 T cells were markedly suppressed. The expression of PD-1 as well as co-expression of negative immune checkpoints TIM-3 and LAG-3 on PD-1 positive cells were increased on both CD4 as well as CD8 T cells upon interaction with and priming by NK-DC cross talk cultures exposed to C-HIV. In addition, stimulation by NK-DC cross talk cultures exposed to C-HIV led to the upregulation of CD38, CXCR3, and CCR4 on T cells. Together, the immune modulation induced during the presence of complement on viral surfaces is likely to favor HIV establishment, dissemination, and viral pathogenesis.
45.	Elowsson Rendin, Linda, et al. (författare) Matrisome Properties of Scaffolds Direct Fibroblasts in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis 2019 Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067. ; 20:16 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) structural properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are altered and influence cellular responses through cell-matrix interactions. Scaffolds (decellularized tissue) derived from subpleural healthy and IPF lungs were examined regarding biomechanical properties and ECM composition of proteins (the matrisome). Scaffolds were repopulated with healthy fibroblasts cultured under static stretch with heavy isotope amino acids (SILAC), to examine newly synthesized proteins over time. IPF scaffolds were characterized by increased tissue density, stiffness, ultimate force, and differential expressions of matrisome proteins compared to healthy scaffolds. Collagens, proteoglycans, and ECM glycoproteins were increased in IPF scaffolds, however while specific basement membrane (BM) proteins such as laminins and collagen IV were decreased, nidogen-2 was also increased. Findings were confirmed with histology, clearly showing a disorganized BM. Fibroblasts produced scaffold-specific proteins mimicking preexisting scaffold composition, where 11 out of 20 BM proteins were differentially expressed, along with increased periostin and proteoglycans production. We demonstrate how matrisome changes affect fibroblast activity using novel approaches to study temporal differences, where IPF scaffolds support a disorganized BM and upregulation of disease-associated proteins. These matrix-directed cellular responses emphasize the IPF matrisome and specifically the BM components as important factors for disease progression.
46.	Emery, Sara, et al. (författare) The Potential of Intercropping for Multifunctional Crop Protection in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) 2021 Ingår i: Frontiers in Agronomy. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-3218. ; 3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Oilseed rape (OSR; Brassica napus) is a globally important crop which is increasingly under pressure from pests, pathogens and weeds. We investigated the potential of achieving multifunctional crop protection benefits by intercropping oilseed rape with legumes. A field experiment was conducted in which winter oilseed rape was intercropped with the annual frost sensitive legumes berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) or spring faba bean (Vicia faba), or with the winter grain legumes winter faba bean or winter peas (Pisum sativum). We tracked damage to winter oilseed rape by autumn and spring pests (slugs and insects), pathogens, weed biomass, as well as oilseed rape and intercrop yield in each treatment. Intercropping treatments resulted in pest damage that was equivalent or lower than in oilseed rape alone. Follow up field and lab assessments for the frost sensitive legume intercrops provided evidence for a reduction in autumn pest damage to OSR. Each legume intercrop had its own benefits and drawbacks in relation to pest, pathogen and weed suppression, suggesting that the plant species selected for intercropping with oilseed rape should be based on the pests, pathogens and weeds of greatest concern locally to achieve relevant multifunctional benefits. Our study provides a framework for further experiments in which the multifunctional effects of intercropping on pests, pathogens and weeds can be quantified.
47.	Engqvist, Hanna, 1985, et al. (författare) Integrative genomics approach identifies molecular features associated with early-stage ovarian carcinoma histotypes. 2020 Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Ovarian cancer comprises multiple subtypes (clear-cell (CCC), endometrioid (EC), high-grade serous (HGSC), low-grade serous (LGSC), and mucinous carcinomas (MC)) with differing molecular and clinical behavior. However, robust histotype-specific biomarkers for clinical use have yet to be identified. Here, we utilized a multi-omics approach to identify novel histotype-specific genetic markers associated with ovarian carcinoma histotypes (CCC, EC, HGSC, and MC) using DNA methylation, DNA copy number alteration and RNA sequencing data for 96 primary invasive early-stage (stage I and II) ovarian carcinomas. More specifically, the DNA methylation analysis revealed hypermethylation for CCC in comparison with the other histotypes. Moreover, copy number imbalances and novel chromothripsis-like rearrangements (n=64) were identified in ovarian carcinoma, with the highest number of chromothripsis-like patterns in HGSC. For the 1000 most variable transcripts, underexpression was most prominent for all histotypes in comparison with normal ovarian samples. Overall, the integrative approach identified 46 putative oncogenes (overexpressed, hypomethylated and DNA gain) and three putative tumor suppressor genes (underexpressed, hypermethylated and DNA loss) when comparing the different histotypes. In conclusion, the current study provides novel insights into molecular features associated with early-stage ovarian carcinoma that may improve patient stratification and subclassification of the histotypes.
48.	Ericsson, Eva, et al. (författare) Optimizing route choice for lowest fuel consumption - Potential effects of a new driver support tool 2006 Ingår i: Transportation Research. Part C: Emerging Technologies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0968-090X. ; 14:6, s. 369-383 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Today, driver support tools intended to increase traffic safety, provide the driver with convenient information and guidance, or save time are becoming more common. However, few systems have the primary aim of reducing the environmental effects of driving. The aim of this project was to estimate the potential for reducing fuel consumption and thus the emission of CO, through a navigation system where optimization of route choice is based on the lowest total fuel consumption (instead of the traditional shortest time or distance), further the supplementary effect if such navigation support could take into account real-time information about traffic disturbance events from probe vehicles running in the street network. The analysis was based on a large database of real traffic driving patterns connected to the street network in the city of Lund, Sweden. Based on 15437 cases, the fuel consumption factor for 22 street classes, at peak and off-peak hours, was estimated for three types of cars using two mechanistic emission models. Each segment in the street network was, on a digitized map, attributed an average fuel consumption for peak and off-peak hours based on its street class and traffic flow conditions. To evaluate the potential of a fuel-saving navigation system the routes of 109 real journeys longer than 5 min were extracted from the database. Using Esri's external program ArcGIS, Arcview and the external module Network Analysis, the most fuel-economic route was extracted and compared with the original route, as well as routes extracted from criterions concerning shortest time and shortest distance. The potential for further benefit when the system employed real-time data concerning the traffic situation through 120 virtual probe vehicles running in the street network was also examined. It was found that for 46% of trips in Lund the drivers spontaneous choice of route was not the most fuel-efficient. These trips could save, on average, 8.2% fuel by using a fuel-optimized navigation system. This corresponds to a 4% fuel reduction for all journeys in Lund. Concerning the potential for real-time information from probe vehicles, it was found that the frequency of disturbed segments in Lund was very low, and thus so was the potential fuel-saving. However, a methodology is presented that structures the steps required in analyzing such a system. It is concluded that real-time traffic information has the potential for fuel-saving in more congested areas if a sufficiently large proportion of the disturbance events can be identified and reported in real-time.
49.	Eriksson, Anna, 1977-, et al. (författare) AKN-028 induces cell cycle arrest, downregulation of Myc associated genes and a dose dependent reduction of kinase activity in acute myeloid leukemia 2014 Ingår i: Biochemical Pharmacology. - : Elsevier. - 0006-2952 .- 1356-1839. ; 87:2, s. 284-291 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AKN-028 is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor with preclinical activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), presently undergoing investigation in a phase I/II study. It is a potent inhibitor of the FMS-like kinase 3 (FLT3) but shows in vitro activity in a wide range of AML samples. In the present study, we have characterized the effects of AKN-028 on AML cells in more detail. AKN-028 induced a dose-dependent G(0)/arrest in AML cell line MV4-11. Treatment with AKN-028 caused significantly altered gene expression in all AML cell types tested (430 downregulated, 280 upregulated transcripts). Subsequent gene set enrichment analysis revealed enrichment of genes associated with the proto-oncogene and cell cycle regulator c-Myc among the downregulated genes in both AKN-028 and midostaurin treated cells. Kinase activity profiling in AML cell lines and primary AML samples showed that tyrosine kinase activity, but not serine/threonine kinase activity, was inhibited by AKN-028 in a dose dependent manner in all samples tested, reaching approximately the same level of kinase activity. Cells sensitive to AKN-028 showed a higher overall tyrosine kinase activity than more resistant ones, whereas serine/threonine kinase activity was similar for all primary AML samples. In summary, AKN-028 induces cell cycle arrest in AML cells, downregulates Myc-associated genes and affect several signaling pathways. AML cells with high global tyrosine kinase activity seem to be more sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of AKN-028 in vitro.
50.	Eriksson, Hanna, et al. (författare) Brain injury markers in new-onset seizures in adults: A pilot study 2021 Ingår i: Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1059-1311. ; 92, s. 62-67 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Biochemical markers of brain pathology could potentially contribute to diagnosis and prediction in epilepsy. We describe levels of five brain injury markers in adults with new-onset seizures, and assess group differences in patients with a single seizure, epilepsy, and poststroke epilepsy. Methods: In this prospective observational study, adults with new-onset seizures were recruited at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden, and concentrations of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light (NfL), microtubule-associated protein tau (tau), S100 calcium-binding protein (S100B), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured. Participants were categorized as epilepsy, poststroke epilepsy (PSE), or single seizure (no additional seizures). Patients were followed until a diagnosis of epilepsy or PSE, or for at least two years in single seizure cases. Results: The cohort included 23 (37%) individuals with a single seizure, 24 (39%) with epilepsy, and 15 (24%) with PSE. The concentrations of S100B were higher in patients with epilepsy and PSE than in single seizures (p = 0.0023 and p = 0.0162, respectively). The concentrations of NfL were higher in patients with PSE than in single seizures (p=0.0027). After age-normalization, levels of S100B were higher in patients with epilepsy and levels of NfL were higher in patients with PSE (p = 0.0021 and p = 0.0180). Conclusion: Levels of S100B and NfL were higher in patients with epilepsy or PSE than patients with single seizures. Further studies are needed to investigate the biomarker potential of brain injury markers as predictors of epilepsy course or indicators of epileptogenesis.

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